Ecological filtering and decomposing belt for preventing and treating non-point source pollution

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of lake and river regulation, in particular to an ecological filtering and decomposing zone for non-point source pollution prevention and control, which comprises a bank slope, and further comprises a shore filtering unit, a side slope filtering unit and a slope protection unit, the shore filtering unit is arranged on the flat ground at the high position of the bank slope; the side slope filtering unit is arranged on a bank slope; the slope protection unit is arranged at the slope toe of a bank slope and placed in lake water. The shore filtering unit comprises an anti-seepage layer, an anti-corrosion wood pile and a permeable filler layer, a groove is formed in the flat ground at the high position of the bank slope, the anti-seepage layer is laid at the bottom of the groove, and the anti-seepage layer is arranged to be in a groove shape; according to the ecological filtering and decomposing zone for non-point source pollution prevention and treatment, the natural situation of an embankment is fully utilized, non-point source pollution is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the landscape property of a natural bank slope can be fully improved, energy consumption is not needed, the construction amount of structures is small, the operation cost is low, the embankment is firm and stable, and the ecological filtering and decomposing zone is worthy of application and popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of lake and river management, in particular to an ecological filtration belt for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of agriculture in my country, the problem of non-point source pollution in river basin water environment has become increasingly prominent. Non-point source pollution is mainly caused by surface soil sediment particles, nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, pesticides, and various atmospheric particulate matter precipitation, which enter the river basin water environment through surface runoff, soil erosion, farmland drainage, etc. It is characterized by a wide range, great uncertainty, and great difficulty in control.

[0003] Agricultural non-point source pollution control can adopt relevant ecological treatment technologies such as ecological ditches and artificial wetlands. However, most of the above ecological treatment technologies do not make full use of the natural shoreline of the embankment, or the structure is too complicated. For example, CN218027515U discloses an ecological ditch for intercepting and purifying agricultural non-point source pollution. The ecological ditch does not make full use of the slope management and ignores the stability construction of the embankment. Another example is CN112028387B discloses an artificial wetland restoration method for non-point source pollution water control. This method occupies a large area, has many structures, and is too complicated to construct. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the utility model proposes an ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution prevention and control, which makes full use of the natural status of the embankment, effectively reduces non-point source pollution and can fully enhance the landscape of the natural slope, does not require energy consumption, has a small amount of structure construction, has low operating costs, and the embankment is firm and stable, and is worthy of popularization and use.

[0005] The technical solution of the utility model is achieved in this way:

[0006] The utility model provides an ecological filtration belt for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution, comprising a bank slope, a bank filtration unit, a slope filtration unit and a slope protection unit, wherein:

[0007] The onshore filtering unit is arranged on a flat ground at a high position of the bank slope;

[0008] The slope filtering unit is arranged on the bank slope;

[0009] The slope protection unit is arranged at the foot of the bank slope and placed in the lake water;

[0010] The onshore filtration unit includes an anti-seepage layer, anti-corrosion wood piles and a permeable filler layer, wherein:

[0011] A groove is arranged on the flat ground at the high part of the bank slope, and the anti-seepage layer is laid on the bottom of the groove, and the anti-seepage layer is arranged in a groove shape;

[0012] The anticorrosive wood piles are fixed in one row at one end of the groove away from the bank slope and one end close to the bank slope, and the lower ends of the two rows of anticorrosive wood piles are arranged on the inner side of the groove of the anti-seepage layer;

[0013] The groove is filled with the water-permeable filler layer, and the water-permeable filler layer is used for planting the first emergent plant.

[0014] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, a vertical surface is provided on the side of the bank slope close to the lake water, wherein:

[0015] The side of the slope protection unit abuts against the vertical surface.

[0016] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the slope protection unit includes a gabion foot protection, wherein:

[0017] The gabion foot guards are arranged in two layers stacked up and down, one end of the two layers of gabion foot guards is against the vertical surface, and the other end is arranged in a stepped shape.

[0018] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the gabion foot guard comprises a mesh cage, wherein:

[0019] The interior of the mesh cage is filled with stones.

[0020] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the cross-section of the mesh cage includes a square shape and a rectangular shape, wherein:

[0021] The mesh cage with a square cross section is arranged above the mesh cage with a rectangular cross section.

[0022] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the slope filtering unit includes a plurality of second emergent plants, wherein:

[0023] A plurality of the second emergent plants are planted on the bank slope;

[0024] The slope of the bank slope is less than or equal to 1:3.

[0025] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the anti-seepage layer includes a geotextile layer, a polyethylene film layer and an original soil compaction layer, wherein:

[0026] The geotextile layer, the polyethylene film layer and the original soil compaction layer are stacked in sequence from top to bottom.

[0027] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the water-permeable filler layer includes three layers: upper, middle and lower layers, wherein:

[0028] The water-permeable filler layer of the lower layer is a crushed stone layer or a gravel granular material layer with a particle size of 30 to 60 mm;

[0029] The water-permeable filler layer in the middle layer is a crushed stone layer with a particle size of 15 to 25 mm;

[0030] The water-permeable filler layer on the upper layer is a stone chip layer with a particle size of 6 to 15 mm.

[0031] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the anti-seepage layer is in the shape of a trapezoidal groove.

[0032] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the lower end of the anticorrosive wood pile is wedge-shaped, and the lower end of the anticorrosive wood pile is in contact with the groove wall of the anti-seepage layer.

[0033] The ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution prevention and control of the utility model has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0034] (1) By setting up an onshore filtration unit, it is convenient to use anti-corrosion wooden piles instead of reinforced concrete structures, which makes the construction simple and easy. In addition, there is no need to pre-bury pipes in the onshore filtration unit, and the water flows automatically in the filtration unit, saving materials and simplifying construction.

[0035] (2) By setting the slope of the bank to be less than 1:3, it is convenient to make full use of the original slope of the bank when setting the slope filtering unit. It only needs to ensure that the slope of the bank is gentler than 1:3, which can greatly reduce the construction workload.

[0036] (3) By setting up multiple layers of permeable filler layers and first emergent plants, it is convenient for the multiple layers of permeable filler layers and the first emergent plants to form a filtration unit with adsorption, filtration and self-purification capabilities, thereby reducing the pollutant load in the water body for the next slope filtration unit. At the same time, the first emergent plants of the onshore filtration unit and the second emergent plants of the slope filtration unit can also effectively improve the landscape of the natural slope without energy consumption, and have good economic effects.

[0037] (4) By setting up slope protection units, the instability of the embankment slope caused by water erosion can be effectively avoided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of a side view of an ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution prevention and control of the utility model;

[0040] Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the bank slope of the utility model;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a partial exploded view of the utility model;

[0042] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the gabion foot guard of the utility model;

[0043] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the anti-seepage layer of the utility model;

[0044] In the figure: 1, bank slope; 2, shore filtration unit; 3, slope filtration unit; 4, slope protection unit; 21, anti-seepage layer; 22, anti-corrosion wooden piles; 23, permeable filler layer; 24, first emergent plant; 31, second emergent plant; 41, gabion foot guard; 101, groove; 102, vertical surface; 211, geotextile layer; 212, polyethylene film layer; 213, original soil compaction layer, 411, mesh cage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the specific implementation of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solution in the utility model. Obviously, the described implementation is only a part of the implementation of the utility model, not all of the implementations. Based on the implementation of the utility model, all other implementations obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0046] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the utility model is an ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution prevention and control, including a bank slope 1, a bank filtering unit 2, a slope filtering unit 3 and a slope protection unit 4.

[0047] Among them, the onshore filtration unit 2 is arranged on the flat ground at the high part of the bank slope 1, and is used to filter the sewage on the bank. The slope filtration unit 3 is arranged on the bank slope 1, and is used to filter the sewage flowing into the lake. The slope protection unit 4 is arranged at the foot of the bank slope 1 and placed in the lake water, and is used to protect the lower edge of the bank slope 1, which can effectively avoid the instability of the embankment slope caused by the erosion of the embankment by water flow.

[0048] In the above structure, the onshore filtration unit 2 includes an impermeable layer 21, anticorrosive wooden piles 22 and a permeable filler layer 23, wherein a groove 101 is arranged on the flat ground at the high place of the bank slope 1, and the groove 101 is an original soil excavation groove. The impermeable layer 21 is laid on the bottom of the groove 101. The impermeable layer 21 is in a groove shape after laying, which can prevent the polluted surface runoff from infiltrating into the embankment and then polluting the lake. The anticorrosive wooden piles 22 are fixed in a row at one end of the groove 101 away from the bank slope 1 and the other end close to the bank slope 1. The lower ends of the two rows of anticorrosive wooden piles 22 are arranged on the inner side of the groove of the impermeable layer 21, and the groove 101 is filled with a permeable filler layer 23, which is used to plant the first emergent plant 24.

[0049] The onshore filtration unit 2 is set with a width of 3m to 4m, and is separated from the outside world by two rows of anticorrosive wooden piles 22 and an anti-seepage layer 21 under the anticorrosive wooden piles 22. The anti-seepage layer 21 is laid under the anticorrosive wooden piles 22, and the anti-seepage layer 21 is laid under the anticorrosive wooden piles 22, starting from the outside of the anticorrosive wooden piles 22 on the side away from the lake, passing under the anticorrosive wooden piles 22, and then being compacted by the anticorrosive wooden piles 22 on the side close to the lake. The compaction degree needs to be greater than 93%.

[0050] The anti-seepage layer 21 includes a geotextile layer 211, a polyethylene film layer 212 and an original soil compaction layer 213. The geotextile layer 211, the polyethylene film layer 212 and the original soil compaction layer 213 are stacked in sequence from top to bottom. Figure 3 As shown, after the construction of the anti-seepage layer 21, the anti-seepage layer 21 is in the shape of a trapezoidal groove, that is, the inner diameter of the groove of the groove structure of the anti-seepage layer 21 is larger than the inner diameter of the groove bottom, and the lower end of the anti-corrosion wooden pile 22 is in a wedge shape, and the lower end of the anti-corrosion wooden pile 22 is in contact with the groove wall of the anti-seepage layer 21, wherein the compaction degree needs to be greater than 93%, the permeability coefficient of the polyethylene film should not be greater than 1×10-8m / s, and the geotextile uses a non-woven geotextile with a specification of 600g / ㎡.

[0051] Inside the two rows of anticorrosive wooden piles 22, three layers of permeable filler layers 23 are laid from bottom to top, wherein the lower permeable filler layer 23 is a crushed stone layer or a gravel granular material layer with a particle size of 30-60 mm, the middle permeable filler layer 23 is a crushed stone layer with a particle size of 15-25 mm, and the upper permeable filler layer 23 is a stone chip layer with a particle size of 6-15 mm. The stone chip layer is used to plant the first emergent plant 24. When laying, the laying thickness of the crushed stone or gravel granular material with a filler particle size of 30-60 mm is 300mm-400mm, the laying thickness of the crushed stone filler with a filler particle size of 15-25 mm is 300mm-400mm, and the laying thickness of the stone chip with a filler particle size of 6-15 mm is 200-300mm.

[0052] During the construction of the anticorrosive wooden piles 22, one end of the anticorrosive wooden piles 22 is made into a cone shape or a wedge shape, so that the anticorrosive wooden piles 22 are driven into the permeable filler layer 23, which is convenient for construction. The adjacent anticorrosive wooden piles 22 in each row of anticorrosive wooden piles 22 are constructed close to each other. After construction, the top elevation of the anticorrosive wooden piles 22 is 20 to 30 cm higher than the shore elevation, and the top elevation of the anticorrosive wooden piles 22 away from the water body is 10 to 15 cm lower than the top elevation of the other row of anticorrosive wooden piles 22.

[0053] The slope filtering unit 3 includes a plurality of second emergent plants 31, wherein the plurality of second emergent plants 31 are planted on the bank slope 1, the slope of the bank slope 1 being less than 1:3. During construction, the original slope of the bank slope 1 is fully utilized to ensure that the slope is gentler than 1:3, and the original soil of the bank slope 1 is used to plant the second emergent plants 31 on the slope surface.

[0054] Both of the above two filtration units are planted with emergent plants, which effectively improves the landscape of the natural slope. Specifically, the planting density of the emergent plants planted on the shore filtration unit 2 and the second emergent plants 31 planted on the slope filtration unit 3 is controlled at 9 to 25 plants / ㎡, and native plants such as reeds, cattails, cannas, etc. that have certain economic value and are easy to manage are used.

[0055] When non-point source pollution flows into the lake, it first enters the onshore filtration unit 2 from the anti-corrosion wooden piles 22. In the vertical direction, the water flows through multiple layers of filtration from top to bottom. In the horizontal direction, the water flows gradually move farther and flows toward the side close to the lake. Finally, it flows out of the slope from bottom to top from the anti-corrosion wooden piles 22 and enters the slope filtration unit 3. In the onshore filtration unit 2, the water flows in contact with the fillers and plants to be filtered, so that the non-point source polluted water flow is purified, and COD, BOD, SS, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen are removed to a certain extent.

[0056] When the water flows through the onshore filtration unit 2 and then flows through the slope filtration unit 3, the water flows through the second emergent plant 31, and the ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water are further removed. Finally, the non-point source pollutants are intercepted at two levels, making full use of the natural shore zone of the embankment to form a two-stage filtration and interception system.

[0057] In the prior art, the filtration units on the lake banks are mostly constructed by using reinforced concrete structures to construct planting troughs, and then a filtration structure is set in the planting troughs, and usually a number of water pipes are pre-buried to drain the water in the planting troughs. The construction process is relatively complicated and the construction period is long. However, the ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution prevention and control of the utility model directly uses anti-corrosion wooden piles 22 instead of reinforced concrete structures, and the construction is simple and easy. In the onshore filtration unit 2, there is no need to pre-buried pipes, and the water flows by itself in the filtration unit, saving materials and simplifying construction.

[0058] In the above structure, the slope protection unit 4 is used to protect the lower edge of the bank slope 1, avoiding the phenomenon of water scouring the bank and causing the bank slope to become unstable. Specifically, the slope protection unit 4 is set at the bottom of the lake slope below the slope filtering unit 3 to ensure that the bank slope 1 of the bank has good stability. The gabion foot 41 is made of stone wrapped with steel wire mesh, and the Binger gabion is used. The Binger gabion is easy to construct and does not require special technology. It can withstand a large range of deformation without collapse. Specifically, the gabion foot 41 includes a mesh cage 411, wherein the interior of the mesh cage 411 is filled with stones, and after the mesh cage 411 wraps the stones, a square mesh cage 411 and a rectangular mesh cage 411 are formed, the length, width and height of the rectangular mesh cage 411 are: 1.5m×1.0m×1.0m, and the length, width and height of the square mesh cage 411 are: 1.0m×1.0m×1.0m. During construction, the square mesh cage 411 is arranged above the rectangular mesh cage 411, and the two are staggered at one end away from the slope 1 to form a stepped structure.

[0059] In order to improve the stability of the gabion foot guard 41 after installation and improve the slope protection effect, a vertical surface 102 is provided on the side of the slope 1 close to the lake water, wherein the side of the slope protection unit 4 is abutted against the vertical surface 102, and the slope protection unit 4 includes a gabion foot guard 41, and the gabion foot guard 41 is arranged in two layers stacked up and down, one end of the two layers of gabion foot guard 41 is abutted against the vertical surface 102, and the other end is arranged in a stepped shape.

[0060] The method of using the ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution prevention and control of the utility model is as follows:

[0061] First, when non-point source pollution flows into the lake, it first enters the shore filtration unit 2 from the antiseptic wooden piles 22. In the vertical direction, the water flows through multiple layers of filtration from top to bottom. In the horizontal direction, the water flows gradually far away and flows to the side close to the lake. Finally, it flows out of the slope from bottom to top from the antiseptic wooden piles 22 and enters the slope filtration unit 3. In the shore filtration unit 2, the water flows in contact with the fillers and plants to achieve filtration, so that the non-point source polluted water flow is purified, and COD, BOD, SS, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen are removed to a certain extent. When the water flow passing through the shore filtration unit 2 flows through the slope filtration unit 3 again, the water flow flows between several second emergent plants 31, and the ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water are further removed. Finally, the non-point source pollutants are intercepted at two levels, making full use of the natural shore zone of the embankment to form a two-stage filtration and interception system.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution control, comprising a bank slope (1), characterized in that: It also includes an onshore filtering unit (2), a slope filtering unit (3) and a slope protection unit (4), wherein: The onshore filtering unit (2) is arranged on a flat ground at a high position of the bank slope (1); The slope filtering unit (3) is arranged on the bank slope (1); The slope protection unit (4) is arranged at the foot of the bank slope (1) and placed in the lake water; The onshore filtration unit (2) comprises an anti-seepage layer (21), anti-corrosion wood piles (22) and a permeable filler layer (23), wherein: A groove (101) is provided on the flat ground at the top of the bank slope (1), the anti-seepage layer (21) is laid on the bottom of the groove (101), and the anti-seepage layer (21) is arranged in a groove shape; The anticorrosive wood piles (22) are fixed in one row at one end of the groove (101) away from the bank slope (1) and one end close to the bank slope (1), and the lower ends of the two rows of anticorrosive wood piles (22) are arranged on the inner side of the groove of the anti-seepage layer (21); The groove (101) is filled with the water-permeable filler layer (23), and the water-permeable filler layer (23) is used to plant a first emergent plant (24).

2. The ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the bank slope (1) close to the lake water is provided with a vertical surface (102), wherein: The side of the slope protection unit (4) abuts against the vertical surface (102).

3. The ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution control according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slope protection unit (4) comprises a gabion foot (41), wherein: The gabion foot guards (41) are stacked in two layers, one end of the two layers of gabion foot guards (41) is in contact with the vertical surface (102), and the other end is arranged in a stepped manner.

4. The ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution control according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gabion foot guard (41) comprises a mesh cage (411), wherein: The interior of the mesh cage (411) is filled with stones.

5. The ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution control according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross-section of the mesh cage (411) includes a square shape and a rectangular shape, wherein: The mesh cage (411) having a square cross-section is arranged above the mesh cage (411) having a rectangular cross-section.

6. The ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope filtering unit (3) comprises a plurality of second emergent plants (31), wherein: A plurality of the second emergent plants (31) are planted on the bank slope (1); The slope of the bank slope (1) is less than 1:

3.

7. The ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-seepage layer (21) comprises a geotextile layer (211), a polyethylene film layer (212) and an original soil compaction layer (213), wherein: The geotextile layer (211), the polyethylene film layer (212) and the original soil compaction layer (213) are stacked in sequence from top to bottom.

8. The ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-permeable filler layer (23) comprises three layers: upper, middle and lower, wherein: The water-permeable filler layer (23) at the lower layer is a crushed stone layer or a gravel granular material layer with a particle size of 30 to 60 mm; The water-permeable filler layer (23) in the middle layer is a crushed stone layer with a particle size of 15 to 25 mm; The upper water-permeable filler layer (23) is a stone chip layer with a particle size of 6 to 15 mm.

9. The ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-seepage layer (21) is in the shape of a trapezoidal groove.

10. An ecological filtration belt for non-point source pollution control as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The lower end of the anticorrosive wooden pile (22) is in a wedge shape, and the lower end of the anticorrosive wooden pile (22) is in contact with the groove wall of the anti-seepage layer (21).

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