Tool fixing device for multi-station hole machining based on lathe

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multi-station hole processing tool fixing fixture based on a lathe, including a tailstock connecting seat, a support plate, a turntable and a turntable rotation locking mechanism. The tailstock connecting seat is a stepped shaft structure, the middle part of the support plate is an inclined disc, and the two sides of the disc respectively extend a supporting upper shaft and a positioning lower shaft vertically outward, and the upper end of the supporting upper shaft passes through the center hole of the turntable. The bottom of the turntable is pressed against the upper side surface of the disc of the support plate by several locking nuts, and the other end of the tailstock connecting seat is fixedly connected to the support plate as a whole. Several tool handle fixing inner tapered holes are evenly distributed on the outer peripheral surface of the upper cone body of the turntable, and the tapered shank tool rods at the rear end of the hole processing tool are respectively fixed in the upper part of the turntable, and the turntable rotation locking mechanism is arranged between the support plate and the turntable. The utility model reduces the use cost of the hole processing tool and improves the cutting processing quality of the axial holes of shaft parts. It reduces the labor intensity of workers and significantly improves production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a tooling for cutting axial holes of shaft parts using a lathe, and in particular to a tooling for centrally installing several hole processing tools on a set of tooling, which does not require installation and disassembly of different hole processing tools, and can use different hole processing tools to perform rough and fine processing on the axial holes of shaft parts only by rotating the tooling, and belongs to the technical field of metal cutting processing. Background Art

[0002] The cutting process of axial holes of shaft parts is generally carried out on lathes. For example, the end face of the diesel crankshaft of a marine diesel engine needs to be processed with several reaming holes or threaded holes. When processing such holes, multiple hole processing tools need to be used in sequence. For example, when processing reaming holes, a center drill, a pre-drilling drill, a reaming drill and a reamer are used in sequence. Since the tailstock taper hole of a general lathe can only be equipped with one tool, when the axial hole of a shaft part needs to be drilled, reamed, tapped and other processes, it is necessary to change the tool many times, which increases the auxiliary time, has high labor intensity and low production and processing efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0003] The utility model aims to provide a multi-station hole processing tool fixing fixture based on a lathe, which can install multiple hole processing tools at one time and can sequentially complete the rough and fine cutting of multiple axial holes of shaft parts by only turning.

[0004] The utility model is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A multi-station hole processing tool fixing tool based on a lathe, comprising a tailstock connecting seat, a supporting plate, a turntable and a turntable rotation locking mechanism, wherein the tailstock connecting seat is a stepped shaft structure, the tapered shank at one end of which is plugged and fixed in the central tapered hole of the lathe tailstock, and the other end is a connecting seat cylinder with a diameter larger than the tapered shank, and the end face of one end of the connecting seat cylinder is inclined; the middle part of the supporting plate is an inclined disc, and the centers of both sides of the disc respectively extend vertically outward to form a supporting upper shaft and a positioning lower shaft, the length of the supporting upper shaft is greater than the length of the positioning lower shaft, and the area of ​​the disc is greater than the inclined end face area of ​​one end of the connecting seat cylinder; the turntable is a combination of an upper frustum body and a lower cylinder, the supporting upper shaft is clearance-matched with the central hole of the turntable, the upper end of the supporting upper shaft passes through the central hole of the turntable, and is locked by several locking mechanisms. The nut presses the bottom of the turntable against the upper side surface of the circular disc of the supporting disc, and the positioning lower shaft extends into the inclined center countersunk hole at the other end of the tailstock connecting seat, and transitionally cooperates with the inclined center countersunk hole, and the other end of the tailstock connecting seat and the supporting disc are fixedly connected as a whole by a positioning pin that crosses the connecting seat cylinder and the positioning lower shaft; a number of tool holder fixed inner tapered holes are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the upper frustum of the turntable, and the tapered shank tool rods at the rear end of the hole processing tool are respectively fixed in the tool holder fixed inner tapered holes, and the intersection point of the axes of the several tool holder fixed inner tapered holes is located on the axis of the tailstock connecting seat; the turntable rotation locking mechanism is located at the lower corner of the circular disc of the supporting disc, and is arranged between the supporting disc and the turntable, and the center plane of the turntable rotation locking mechanism is coplanar with the center plane of a tool holder fixed inner tapered hole.

[0006] The purpose of the utility model can be further achieved by the following technical measures.

[0007] Furthermore, the turntable rotation locking mechanism includes a positioning cone bushing, a cone-end positioning spindle, a positioning outer sleeve, a spring and a handle, the positioning cone bushing is fixed in the positioning cone sleeve mounting hole, the positioning cone sleeve mounting holes are evenly distributed on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the lower cylinder of the turntable, and the number of the positioning cone sleeve mounting holes is equal to the number of the inner cone holes fixed to the tool handle; the positioning outer sleeve is embedded in the outer sleeve step hole of the support plate corresponding to the position of the positioning cone sleeve mounting hole, the middle part of the cone-end positioning spindle is inserted into the positioning outer sleeve, the spring sleeved in the middle part of the cone-end positioning spindle is located in the positioning outer sleeve, and the screw at the lower end of the cone-end positioning spindle passes through the positioning outer sleeve and is vertically fixedly connected to the handle; when a hole processing tool is in the working position, the cone head of the cone-end positioning spindle extends into the cone hole of the positioning cone bushing at the corresponding position, so that the turntable is positioned in the required working position.

[0008] Furthermore, the cone head of the cone-end positioning spindle and the cone hole of the positioning outer sleeve have matching tapers, and the tapers are both 1:12. The end face inclination angle of the connecting seat cylinder at one end of the tailstock connecting seat and the cone face inclination angle of the upper frustum body are both 45°.

[0009] Furthermore, a countersunk hole is provided on the upper side of the circular disc of the support disc, and the lower side of the rotating disc is pressed tightly against the annular surface of the circular disc.

[0010] Furthermore, the positioning cone bushing, cone end positioning spindle and positioning outer sleeve are all made of medium carbon steel that has been tempered and heat treated. The cone hole surface of the positioning cone bushing, the inner hole surface of the positioning outer sleeve and the outer cone surface of a section of the cone end positioning spindle are all high-frequency quenched. The high-frequency quenching hardness is HRC40-50 and the depth of the hardened layer is 1.0-1.5mm.

[0011] The utility model fixes the handles of several hole processing tools on the outer peripheral surface of the upper cone body of the turntable, and replaces the hole processing tools by rotating the turntable around the axis of the upper support shaft of the support plate, and locks the position of the turntable through the turntable rotation locking mechanism. The structure is compact and easy to operate. The wear of the handle cone surface of the hole processing tool is reduced, the service life of the hole processing tool is extended, the use cost of the hole processing tool is reduced, and the cutting quality of the axial hole of the shaft parts is improved. The labor intensity of workers is reduced and the production efficiency is significantly improved.

[0012] Advantages and features of the present invention will be illustrated and explained by the following non-limiting description of preferred embodiments, which are given as examples only with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is the front view of the utility model;

[0014] Figure 2 This is the front view of the utility model installed on a lathe;

[0015] Figure 3 is the axial view of the turntable;

[0016] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 AA section enlarged view;

[0017] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of part I. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments of machining holes and threaded holes on the end face of a crankshaft of a medium-speed marine diesel engine.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inside", and "outside" indicating orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and do not indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific orientation.

[0020] like Figure 1 to Figure 5As shown, this embodiment includes a tailstock connecting seat 1, a supporting plate 2, a turntable 3 and a turntable rotation locking mechanism 4. The tailstock connecting seat 1 is a stepped shaft structure, and the tapered shank 11 at the right end is inserted and fixed in the central tapered hole 101 of the lathe tailstock 10, and the left end is a connecting seat cylinder 12 with a diameter larger than the tapered shank 11, and the left end face of the connecting seat cylinder 12 is inclined.

[0021] The middle part of the support disk 2 is an inclined disk 21, and the centers of both sides of the disk 21 respectively extend vertically outwards with a supporting upper shaft 22 and a positioning lower shaft 23. The length of the supporting upper shaft 22 is greater than the length of the positioning lower shaft 23, and the area of ​​the disk 21 is greater than the inclined end surface area of ​​the left end of the connecting seat cylinder 12, thereby improving the support stability of the disk 21. The turntable 3 is a combination of an upper frustum 31 and a lower cylinder 32. The supporting upper shaft 22 and the center hole 33 of the turntable are clearance-matched to facilitate the rotation of the turntable 3. The upper end of the supporting upper shaft 22 passes through the center hole 33 of the turntable, and the bottom of the turntable 3 is pressed against the upper side surface of the disk 2 of the support disk 2 by two locking nuts 34. Figure 4 As shown, the positioning lower shaft 23 extends into the inclined center countersunk hole 13 at the left end of the tailstock connecting seat 1, and transitionally fits with the inclined center countersunk hole 13. The left end of the tailstock connecting seat 1 and the supporting plate 2 are fixedly connected as a whole by the positioning pin 5 that crosses the connecting seat cylinder 12 and the positioning lower shaft 23.

[0022] A countersunk hole 211 is provided on the upper side of the disc 21 of the support plate 2, and the lower side of the turntable 3 is pressed against the annular surface of the disc 21, which effectively reduces the friction resistance when the turntable 3 rotates and is more conducive to the rotation of the turntable 3.

[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, the outer circumference of the upper frustum body 31 of the turntable 3 of this embodiment is evenly distributed with four tool holder fixing inner tapered holes 311, which are respectively used to fix various hole processing tools 20, such as center drill, drilling drill, reaming drill and reamer. According to the requirements of the hole processing process, the tool holder fixing inner tapered holes 311 can be less than or more than four. Figure 1 The tapered shank tool bar 201 at the rear end of the center hole processing tool 20 is fixed in the tool holder fixed inner tapered hole 311 respectively, and the intersection point of the axes of the four tool holder fixed inner tapered holes 311 is located on the axis of the tailstock connecting seat 1, so that any hole processing tool 20 on the turntable 3 is coaxial with the center tapered hole 101 of the lathe tailstock 10 after being rotated into place, thereby improving the position accuracy of hole processing. The turntable rotation locking mechanism 4 is located at Figure 1 The lower corner of the disc 21 of the middle support disc 2 is arranged between the support disc 2 and the turntable 3. The center plane of the turntable rotation locking mechanism 4 is coplanar with the center plane of an inner tapered hole 311 of the tool holder, ensuring that the locking mechanism 4 can lock each hole processing tool 20 at the accurate processing position.

[0024] like Figure 5As shown, the turntable rotation locking mechanism 4 includes a positioning cone bushing 41, a cone-end positioning spindle 42, a positioning outer sleeve 43, a spring 44 and a handle 45. The positioning cone bushing 41 is respectively fixed in the positioning cone sleeve mounting hole 321. The positioning cone sleeve mounting holes 321 are evenly distributed on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the lower cylinder 32 of the turntable 3. The number of the positioning cone sleeve mounting holes 321 is equal to the number of the tool handle fixed inner cone holes 311. In this embodiment, there are four of them, so that the turntable 3 is locked in the required orientation after rotation. The positioning outer sleeve 43 is embedded and fixed in the outer sleeve step hole 212 of the support plate 2 corresponding to the position of the positioning cone sleeve mounting hole 321. The middle part of the cone-end positioning spindle 42 is inserted into the positioning outer sleeve 43. The spring 44 sleeved in the middle part of the cone-end positioning spindle 42 is located in the positioning outer sleeve 43. The screw 421 at the lower end of the cone-end positioning spindle 42 passes through the positioning outer sleeve 43 and is fixedly connected to the handle 45. When a hole machining tool 20 is in the working position, the cone head 421 of the cone-end positioning spindle 42 extends into the cone hole of the positioning cone bushing 41 at the corresponding position, so that the turntable 3 is positioned at the required working position.

[0025] The cone head 421 of the cone end positioning spindle 42 and the cone hole of the positioning cone bushing 41 are matched, and the taper is 1:12, so that the utility model has good centering performance, improves the accuracy of the rotation of the turntable 3, and thus improves the processing quality of the axial hole of the shaft parts. The positioning cone bushing 41, the cone end positioning spindle 42 and the positioning outer sleeve 43 are all made of medium carbon steel that has been quenched and tempered. The medium carbon steel in this embodiment is 45# steel. The cone hole surface of the positioning cone bushing 41, the inner hole surface of the positioning outer sleeve 43 and the cone surface of one end of the cone end positioning spindle 42 are all high-frequency quenched, with a high-frequency quenching hardness of HRC40-50 and a hardened layer depth of 1.0-1.5mm, which significantly reduces the wear between the positioning cone bushing 41 and the cone end positioning spindle 42, prolongs the service life of the turntable rotation locking mechanism 4, and improves the reliability of the utility model.

[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, the inclination angle of the left end face of the connecting seat cylinder 11 of the tailstock connecting seat 1 and the inclination angle of the conical surface of the upper frustum body 31 are both 45°. This structure enables each processing tool 20 on the turntable 3 to be able to rotate to a horizontal working position.

[0027] The steps for processing the axial hole on the end face of shaft parts using the utility model are as follows:

[0028] 1) First, the handle of each hole processing tool 20 is inserted and fixed in the corresponding tool handle fixing inner tapered hole 311 of the turntable 3.

[0029] 2) Then, the handle 45 is pulled outwards, the cone-end positioning spindle 42 overcomes the elastic force of the spring 44 and moves outwards, the cone head 421 is separated from the positioning cone bushing 41, and the rotating disk 3 is unlocked.

[0030] 3) Then, the turntable 3 is rotated to align a desired hole processing tool 20 with the right end of the long shaft 40 clamped by the lathe chuck 30. The handle 45 is released, and under the elastic force of the spring 44, the cone head 421 of the cone-end positioning spindle 42 enters the positioning cone bushing 41, and the turntable 3 is locked on the supporting plate 2, and the axial hole of the end face of the long shaft 40 can be drilled.

[0031] 4) Repeat steps 2) and 3) for multiple times, and select the required processing tool 20 to complete the processing procedures such as expanding, reaming or threading of the axial hole on the end face of the long shaft 40 in sequence.

[0032] In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention may also have other implementation modes. Any technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation shall fall within the protection scope required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-station hole machining tool fixing fixture based on a lathe, characterized in that: It includes a tailstock connecting seat, a supporting plate, a turntable and a turntable rotation locking mechanism, the tailstock connecting seat is a stepped shaft structure, the tapered handle at one end of which is inserted and fixed in the central tapered hole of the lathe tailstock, and the other end is a connecting seat cylinder with a diameter larger than the tapered handle, and the end face of one end of the connecting seat cylinder is inclined; the middle part of the supporting plate is an inclined disc, and the centers of both sides of the disc respectively extend a supporting upper shaft and a positioning lower shaft vertically outward, the length of the supporting upper shaft is greater than the length of the positioning lower shaft, and the area of ​​the disc is greater than the inclined end face area of ​​one end of the connecting seat cylinder; the turntable is a combination of an upper frustum body and a lower cylinder, the supporting upper shaft is clearance-matched with the central hole of the turntable, the upper end of the supporting upper shaft passes through the central hole of the turntable, and the bottom of the turntable is pressed tightly by several locking nuts. On the upper side surface of the disc of the supporting disc, the positioning lower shaft extends into the inclined center countersunk hole at the other end of the tailstock connecting seat, and transitionally cooperates with the inclined center countersunk hole, and the other end of the tailstock connecting seat and the supporting disc are fixedly connected as a whole by a positioning pin that crosses the connecting seat cylinder and the positioning lower shaft; a number of tool holder fixed inner tapered holes are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the upper frustum of the rotating disc, and the tapered shank tool rods at the rear end of the hole processing tool are respectively fixed in the tool holder fixed inner tapered holes, and the intersection point of the axes of the several tool holder fixed inner tapered holes is located on the axis of the tailstock connecting seat; the rotating disc rotation locking mechanism is located at the lower corner of the disc of the supporting disc, and is arranged between the supporting disc and the rotating disc, and the center plane of the rotating disc rotation locking mechanism is coplanar with the center plane of a tool holder fixed inner tapered hole.

2. The multi-station hole machining tool fixing fixture based on a lathe as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The turntable rotation locking mechanism includes a positioning cone bushing, a cone-end positioning spindle, a positioning outer sleeve, a spring and a handle. The positioning cone bushings are respectively fixed in the positioning cone sleeve mounting holes. The positioning cone sleeve mounting holes are evenly distributed on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the lower cylindrical body of the turntable. The number of the positioning cone sleeve mounting holes is equal to the number of the inner cone holes fixed to the tool handle; the positioning outer sleeve is embedded in the outer sleeve step hole of the support plate corresponding to the position of the positioning cone sleeve mounting hole, the middle part of the cone-end positioning spindle is inserted into the positioning outer sleeve, the spring sleeved in the middle part of the cone-end positioning spindle is located in the positioning outer sleeve, and the screw at the lower end of the cone-end positioning spindle passes through the positioning outer sleeve and is vertically fixedly connected to the handle; when a hole processing tool is in the working position, the cone head of the cone-end positioning spindle extends into the cone hole of the positioning cone bushing at the corresponding position, so that the turntable is positioned in the required working position.

3. The multi-station hole machining tool fixing fixture based on a lathe as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The taper of the tapered head of the tapered end positioning spindle and the taper of the tapered hole of the positioning outer sleeve match, and the taper is 1:

12.

4. The multi-station hole machining tool fixing fixture based on a lathe as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the end surface of one end of the connecting seat cylinder of the tailstock connecting seat and the inclination angle of the conical surface of the upper frustum body are both 45°.

5. The multi-station hole machining tool fixing fixture based on a lathe as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A countersunk hole is arranged on the upper side of the circular disc of the supporting disc, and the lower side of the rotating disc is pressed tightly against the annular surface of the circular disc.

6. The multi-station hole machining tool fixing fixture based on a lathe as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning cone bushing, cone end positioning spindle and positioning outer shaft sleeve are all made of medium carbon steel that has been subjected to quenching and tempering heat treatment. The cone hole surface of the positioning cone bushing, the inner hole surface of the positioning outer shaft sleeve and the cone surface of a section of the cone end positioning spindle are all subjected to high frequency quenching. The high frequency quenching hardness is HRC40-50 and the depth of the hardened layer is 1.0-1.5mm.

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