A fixture capable of quickly switching positioning modes

Abstract

The utility model relates to a clamp that can quickly switch positioning modes, which solves the problem that existing clamps use a large number of hydraulic parts, are costly, and have a relatively complex structure. The utility model is provided with three groups of positioning areas on the bottom plate of the clamp, and the fixed station in the first positioning area is equipped with a side positioning mechanism, and the mobile station is equipped with a side tightening mechanism; in the two fixed stations in the second positioning area, any one is equipped with a side positioning mechanism, and the other is equipped with a side tightening mechanism; in the two mobile stations in the third positioning area, any one is equipped with a side positioning mechanism, and the other is equipped with a side tightening mechanism; the three side positioning mechanisms and the three side tightening mechanisms together constitute the first positioning mode, which is used to clamp the upper cover shell of the gearbox without precast pin holes; or, all stations in the first, second, and third positioning areas are equipped with side tightening mechanisms; the six side tightening mechanisms together with the round pin seat and the diamond pin seat constitute the second positioning mode, which is used to clamp the upper cover shell of the gearbox with precast pin holes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a clamp, in particular to a clamp capable of quickly switching positioning modes. Background Art

[0002] At present, there are many varieties of gearbox cover shells produced by gearbox manufacturers, and each gearbox cover shell requires the use of a special fixture during assembly, and the fixtures are incompatible with each other. During assembly, if an assembly station needs to assemble multiple types of gearbox cover shells, the on-site assemblers will need to switch fixtures frequently, resulting in increased labor intensity. In addition, these fixtures are heavy, and lifting equipment in the workshop is required when switching, which results in a long switching time each time, affecting production efficiency.

[0003] Existing transmission upper cover shells can be roughly divided into two categories according to their size: large upper cover and small upper cover. Transmission upper cover shells of the same size can be divided into two positioning methods according to whether there are precast pin holes. The ones without precast pin holes adopt the shape positioning method, and the ones with precast pin holes adopt the "one side two pins" positioning method.

[0004] The Chinese invention patent with application publication number CN109093427A discloses a clutch housing compatibility fixture and its working method, including a body, a positioning seat is provided on the body, the clutch housing bearing hole sleeve is seated on the positioning seat, the positioning seat upper end cover is provided with a conical pin matched therewith, and a pull-down mechanism connected to the conical pin is provided in the cavity of the positioning seat; a fixed support block for positioning the stop of the clutch housing is also provided on the body; and a target terminal driven by a hydraulic system for positioning the circumference, upper end and edge of the clutch housing is also provided on the body. Although the fixture is compatible with different clutch housings, it uses a large number of hydraulic parts, has a high cost, and has a relatively complex structure. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model aims to solve the problem that the existing clamps use a large number of hydraulic components, are costly and have a complex structure, and to provide a clamp capable of quickly switching positioning modes.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A clamp capable of quickly switching positioning modes, which is special in that it comprises a clamp bottom plate of a rectangular structure, three side positioning mechanisms, six side pressing mechanisms, a plurality of support seats, a round pin seat and a diamond pin seat; the side positioning mechanism and the side pressing mechanism are both used to abut against the side wall of the upper cover shell of the gearbox to be clamped;

[0008] The fixture bottom plate is provided with a plurality of threaded mounting holes, and the plurality of threaded mounting holes are used to mount a round pin seat, a diamond pin seat, a side positioning mechanism, a side tightening mechanism and a support seat on the fixture bottom plate;

[0009] The round pin seat, diamond pin seat and multiple support seats are all installed on the fixture bottom plate; the top surfaces of all support seats are located in the same horizontal plane, and are used to support the gearbox upper cover shell; the round pin seat and diamond pin seat are respectively arranged corresponding to the precast round pin hole and precast diamond pin hole of the gearbox upper cover shell to be clamped;

[0010] The fixture bottom plate is provided with three groups of positioning areas; the first positioning area has two workstations, which are respectively located in the middle of the two short sides of the fixture bottom plate, one of which is a fixed workstation and the other is a movable workstation; the second positioning area and the third positioning area each have two workstations; the two workstations in the second positioning area are both fixed workstations, which are respectively arranged on the two long sides of the fixture bottom plate and close to the position of the fixed workstation in the first positioning area; the two workstations in the third positioning area are both movable workstations, which are respectively arranged on the two long sides of the fixture bottom plate and close to the position of the movable workstation in the first positioning area;

[0011] A side positioning mechanism is installed at the fixed station in the first positioning area, and a side pressing mechanism is installed at the movable station; a side positioning mechanism is installed at any one of the two fixed stations in the second positioning area, and a side pressing mechanism is installed at the other; a side positioning mechanism is installed at any one of the two movable stations in the third positioning area, and a side pressing mechanism is installed at the other; the three side positioning mechanisms and the three side pressing mechanisms together constitute a first positioning mode, which is used to clamp the gearbox upper cover housing without precast pin holes;

[0012] Alternatively, all workstations in the first positioning area, the second positioning area and the third positioning area are equipped with side clamping mechanisms; the six side clamping mechanisms together with the round pin seat and the diamond pin seat constitute the second positioning mode, which is used to clamp the gearbox upper cover shell with precast pin holes.

[0013] Furthermore, the rhombus pin seat includes a base, the top surface of the base is lower than the top surface of the support seat, the base is provided with a blind hole in the vertical direction, the opening of the blind hole is located at the top surface of the base, the rhombus pin is located in the blind hole and a spring is arranged between the rhombus pin and the bottom of the blind hole, the rhombus pin is used to cooperate with the precast rhombus pin hole; a slide groove is axially provided on the outer wall of the rhombus pin, and a locking hole is radially provided at the top of the slide groove; a threaded hole is radially provided on the side wall of the base corresponding to the position of the slide groove, a locking screw is screwed into the threaded hole, the end of the locking screw abuts against the slide groove, and the locking hole is adapted to the locking screw, when the locking screw extends into the locking hole, the top surface of the rhombus pin is lower than the top surface of the support seat, and the base is installed on the fixture bottom plate by the screw and the mounting threaded hole; the round pin seat has the same structure as the rhombus pin seat, and the cylindrical pin of the round pin seat is used to cooperate with the precast round pin hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the side positioning mechanism includes a positioning base and a positioning block arranged on the positioning base, and the positioning block is used to abut against the side wall of the gearbox upper cover housing;

[0015] Four mounting holes are symmetrically distributed on the positioning bases on both sides of the positioning block, and screws for connecting with mounting threaded holes on the fixture bottom plate are arranged in the mounting holes.

[0016] Furthermore, two first pin holes are symmetrically arranged on the positioning bases on both sides of the positioning block, a second pin hole for cooperating with the first pin hole is arranged on the fixture bottom plate, and a plurality of second pin holes on the movable workstation for installing the side positioning mechanism in the third positioning area are arranged at equal intervals along the long side extension direction of the fixture bottom plate, the spacing between two adjacent second pin holes is the same as the spacing between the two first pin holes, and a positioning pin for cooperating with the second pin hole is arranged in the first pin hole.

[0017] Furthermore, the side tightening mechanism comprises a tightening base, a mounting platform is arranged on the tightening base, a threaded hole is opened in the horizontal direction on the mounting platform, a tightening screw is screwed in the threaded hole, one end of the tightening screw is rotatably connected to a lift block, and the other end is connected to a hand wheel, and the lift block is used to abut against the side wall of the gearbox upper cover shell;

[0018] Four tightening installation holes are symmetrically distributed on the tightening bases on both sides of the top block, and screws for connecting with the installation threaded holes on the fixture bottom plate are arranged in the tightening installation holes.

[0019] Furthermore, a plurality of groups of threaded mounting holes are arranged at equal intervals along the extension direction of the long side of the fixture bottom plate at the moving station in the third positioning area, the spacing between each group of threaded mounting holes is equal to the spacing between the mounting holes on the same side of the positioning block or the top tightening mounting holes on the same side of the top block, and the spacing between two adjacent groups of threaded mounting holes is equal to the spacing between the mounting holes on both sides of the positioning block or the top tightening mounting holes on both sides of the top block;

[0020] A plurality of groups of mounting threaded holes are arranged at equal intervals along the long side extension direction of the fixture base plate on the moving station in the first positioning area, the spacing between each group of mounting threaded holes is equal to the spacing between the top tightening mounting holes on both sides of the top block, and the spacing between two adjacent groups of mounting threaded holes is equal to the spacing between the top tightening mounting holes on the same side of the top block.

[0021] Furthermore, an intermediate clamping mechanism is arranged at the center of the clamp bottom plate, and the intermediate clamping mechanism includes a pressure strip and a screw installed at the center position of the clamp bottom plate, the pressure strip is sleeved on the screw, and a clamping nut is screwed on the top of the screw, and the bottom surface of the clamping nut abuts against the top surface of the pressure strip, and an intermediate support for supporting the gearbox upper cover shell is arranged on the clamp bottom plate corresponding to the pressure strip, and the intermediate support is installed on the clamp bottom plate through screws and the mounting threaded holes.

[0022] Furthermore, a plurality of floating supports for supporting the gearbox upper cover housing are arranged on the fixture bottom plate, and are mounted on the fixture bottom plate through screws and the mounting threaded holes.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0024] (1) The utility model provides a fixture capable of quickly switching positioning modes, wherein three groups of positioning areas are arranged on a bottom plate of the fixture, wherein a side positioning mechanism is installed at a fixed station in the first positioning area, and a side pressing mechanism is installed at a movable station; any one of the two fixed stations in the second positioning area is installed with a side positioning mechanism, and the other is installed with a side pressing mechanism; any one of the two movable stations in the third positioning area is installed with a side positioning mechanism, and the other is installed with a side pressing mechanism; the three side positioning mechanisms and the three side pressing mechanisms together constitute a first positioning mode, which is used to clamp a gearbox upper cover shell without precast pin holes; or, all stations in the first positioning area, the second positioning area and the third positioning area are installed with side pressing mechanisms; the six side pressing mechanisms together with a round pin seat and a diamond pin seat constitute a second positioning mode, which is used to clamp a gearbox upper cover shell with precast pin holes, and the overall structure is simple and easy to operate.

[0025] (2) The utility model provides a fixture capable of quickly switching positioning modes. The cylindrical pin seat and the diamond pin seat are both configured as retractable structures. When the cylindrical pin and the diamond pin are required to participate in positioning, they can be extended. When they are not required to participate in positioning, they can be pressed down so that the top surfaces of the two are lower than the top surface of the support seat. In this way, the normal clamping of the gearbox upper cover shell will not be affected.

[0026] (3) The utility model provides a clamp capable of quickly switching positioning modes, which is provided with an intermediate clamping mechanism. Through the cooperation of a screw, a pressure strip and a clamping nut, the vertical movement of the gearbox upper cover shell is restricted, thereby ensuring stability during subsequent assembly.

[0027] (4) The utility model provides a fixture capable of quickly switching positioning modes. By setting a plurality of floating supports on the fixture bottom plate, the support points of the gearbox upper cover shell can be increased to prevent uneven force during subsequent assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a top view of an embodiment of the fixture capable of quickly switching positioning modes of the utility model in the first positioning mode of clamping a large gearbox upper cover housing without precast pin holes;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a top view of an embodiment of the utility model in a second positioning mode of a large gearbox upper cover housing with precast pin holes clamped therein;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a top view of an embodiment of the utility model in a first positioning mode of clamping a small gearbox upper cover housing without precast pin holes;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a top view of an embodiment of the utility model in a second positioning mode of a small gearbox upper cover housing with precast pin holes clamped therein;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the diamond pin seat in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0033] The following are the descriptions of the reference numerals:

[0034] 1-side positioning mechanism, 101-positioning base, 102-positioning block; 2-clamp base, 3-round pin seat, 4-positioning pin, 5-side tightening mechanism, 51-tightening base, 52-tightening screw, 53-lifting block, 54-handwheel; 6-floating support, 7-support seat, 8-middle clamping mechanism, 81-pressure strip, 82-screw, 83-middle support; 9-diamond pin seat, 91-base, 92-diamond pin, 93-locking screw, 94-spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Reference Figure 1-Figure 5 The utility model is a fixture capable of quickly switching positioning modes, comprising a fixture bottom plate 2 of a rectangular structure, three side positioning mechanisms 1, six side tightening mechanisms 5, a plurality of support seats 7 for supporting a gearbox upper cover shell, a round pin seat 3 and a rhombus pin seat 9. The side positioning mechanism 1 and the side tightening mechanism 5 are used to abut against the side wall of the gearbox upper cover shell to be clamped to achieve positioning and clamping. The gearbox upper cover shell to be clamped has precast pin holes and does not have precast pin holes. The precast pin holes generally have two types of precast pin holes, including precast round pin holes and precast rhombus pin holes. The round pin seat 3 and the rhombus pin seat 9 are respectively arranged to correspond to the precast round pin holes and precast rhombus pin holes of the gearbox upper cover shell to be clamped, and the cylindrical pin of the round pin seat 3 and the rhombus pin 92 of the rhombus pin seat 9 are respectively matched with the precast round pin holes and precast rhombus pin holes of the gearbox upper cover shell to be clamped, so as to meet the "two pins" requirement in the "one side two pins" positioning requirement. The top end surfaces of the plurality of support seats 7 are located in the same plane, satisfying the requirement of “one surface” in the positioning requirement of “one surface and two pins”.

[0037] In order to install the round pin seat 3, diamond pin seat 9, side positioning mechanism 1, side tightening mechanism 5 and support seat 7 on the clamp base plate 2, a plurality of mounting threaded holes are opened on the clamp base plate 2. The installation and fixation of each component can be achieved by cooperating with the screws and the mounting threaded holes.

[0038] Three groups of positioning areas are arranged on the fixture base plate 2, and two workstations are arranged relatively in each group of positioning areas. The two workstations in the first positioning area are located in the middle of the two short sides of the fixture base plate 2, one of which is a fixed workstation and the other is a movable workstation. The two workstations in the second positioning area are both fixed workstations, which are respectively arranged on the two long sides of the fixture base plate 2 and close to the positions of the fixed workstations in the first positioning area; the two workstations in the third positioning area are both movable workstations, which are respectively arranged on the two long sides of the fixture base plate 2 and close to the positions of the movable workstations in the first positioning area.

[0039] The fixed station in the first positioning area is equipped with a side positioning mechanism 1, and the movable station is equipped with a side tightening mechanism 5; in the two fixed stations in the second positioning area, any one is equipped with the side positioning mechanism 1, and the other is equipped with the side tightening mechanism 5; in the two movable stations in the third positioning area, any one is equipped with the side positioning mechanism 1, and the other is equipped with the side tightening mechanism 5; the three side positioning mechanisms 1 and the three side tightening mechanisms 5 together constitute the first positioning mode, which is used to clamp the gearbox upper cover shell without precast pin holes. Because there are no precast pin holes, the positioning can only be completed by using the side positioning mechanism 1 and the side tightening mechanism 5 in cooperation.

[0040] Alternatively, all workstations in the first positioning area, the second positioning area and the third positioning area are installed with side clamping mechanisms 5; the six side clamping mechanisms 5 together with the round pin seat 3 and the diamond pin seat 9 constitute a second positioning mode, which is used to clamp the gearbox upper cover shell with precast pin holes.

[0041] The side tightening mechanism 5 includes a tightening base 51, and four tightening mounting holes are symmetrically distributed on the tightening base 51 on both sides of the top block 53, and screws for connecting with the mounting threaded holes on the clamp bottom plate 2 are arranged in the tightening mounting holes. A mounting platform is arranged on the tightening base 51, and a threaded hole is opened in the horizontal direction of the mounting platform, and a tightening screw 52 is screwed in the threaded hole. One end of the tightening screw 52 is rotatably connected to the top block 53, and the other end is connected to the hand wheel 54. When it is necessary to tighten the side wall of the upper cover shell of the gearbox, the hand wheel 54 is rotated to convert the rotational motion of the tightening screw 52 into the linear motion of the top block 53, so that the top block 53 abuts against the side wall of the upper cover shell of the gearbox to achieve tightening. By adjusting the angle of the rotating hand wheel 54, the clamping force can be adjusted. The structure is simple and easy to operate.

[0042] The side positioning mechanism 1 includes a positioning base 101 and a positioning block 102 arranged on the positioning base 101. The positioning block 102 is used to abut against the side wall of the gearbox upper cover shell to achieve positioning. Four mounting holes are symmetrically distributed on the positioning base 101 on both sides of the positioning block 102. Screws for connecting with mounting threaded holes on the fixture bottom plate 2 are arranged in the mounting holes. In order to facilitate switching of the positioning mode, the distribution structure and size of the mounting holes and the top tightening mounting holes are the same.

[0043] The side positioning mechanism 1 or the side tightening mechanism 5 arranged on the fixed station is immovable, while the side positioning mechanism 1 or the side tightening mechanism 5 arranged on the mobile station can be moved along the long side extension direction of the fixture base plate 2. In order to achieve the movement along the long side extension direction of the fixture base plate 2, a plurality of groups of mounting threaded holes are arranged at equal intervals along the long side extension direction of the fixture base plate 2 at the mobile station of the third positioning area. The spacing between each group of mounting threaded holes is equal to the spacing between the mounting holes on the same side of the positioning block 102 or the tightening mounting holes on the same side of the top block 53. The spacing between two adjacent groups of mounting threaded holes is equal to the spacing between the mounting holes on both sides of the positioning block 102. The spacing between the mounting holes or the tightening mounting holes on both sides of the top block 53; a plurality of groups of mounting threaded holes are arranged at equal intervals along the extension direction of the long side of the fixture base plate 2 on the moving station in the first positioning area. Because the moving station on the first positioning area is provided with a side tightening mechanism 5 regardless of whether it is in the first positioning mode or the second positioning mode, the spacing between each group of mounting threaded holes is equal to the spacing between the tightening mounting holes on both sides of the top block 53, and the spacing between two adjacent groups of mounting threaded holes is equal to the spacing between the tightening mounting holes on the same side of the top block 53. By cooperating with different groups of mounting threaded holes, movement on the moving station can be achieved.

[0044] Because the side positioning mechanism 1 is used for positioning the gearbox upper cover shell, its positioning accuracy is very important. However, the positioning base 101 and the fixture base plate 2 are connected by screws. The screws will shake slightly in the mounting threaded holes on the fixture base plate 2 due to the existence of gaps, resulting in low positioning accuracy and failing to meet the positioning requirements. Therefore, two first pin holes are symmetrically arranged on the positioning base 101 on both sides of the positioning block 102, and a second pin hole for cooperating with the first pin hole is arranged on the fixture base plate 2. A plurality of second pin holes on the movable station for installing the side positioning mechanism 1 in the third positioning area are arranged at equal intervals along the long side extension direction of the fixture base plate 2. The spacing between two adjacent second pin holes is the same as the spacing between the two first pin holes, and a positioning pin 4 for cooperating with the second pin hole is arranged in the first pin hole. In this way, even if the side positioning mechanism 1 in the third positioning area moves back and forth along the long side extension direction of the fixture base plate 2, its positioning accuracy can be guaranteed by the second pin holes arranged at equal intervals.

[0045] The positioning of the whole set of clamps is to realize the positioning and clamping of the entire gearbox upper cover shell in the horizontal direction. In order to ensure that the gearbox upper cover shell will not move in the vertical direction during the subsequent processing, an intermediate clamping mechanism 8 is arranged at the center of the clamp bottom plate 2 in this embodiment. The intermediate clamping mechanism 8 includes a pressure strip 81 and a screw 82 installed at the center of the clamp bottom plate 2. The pressure strip 81 is sleeved on the screw 82, and a clamping nut is screwed on the top of the screw 82. The bottom surface of the clamping nut abuts against the top surface of the pressure strip 81. An intermediate support 83 for supporting the gearbox upper cover shell is arranged on the clamp bottom plate 2 corresponding to the pressure strip 81. The intermediate support 83 is installed on the clamp bottom plate 2 through screws and mounting threaded holes. In this way, the movement of the gearbox upper cover shell in the vertical direction is restricted to ensure stability during subsequent assembly. The clamping force can also be adjusted by adjusting the clamping nut. The structure is simple and easy to operate.

[0046] In order to better support the gearbox upper cover shell, a plurality of floating supports 6 are also provided on the fixture base plate 2, which are installed on the fixture base plate 2 through screws and mounting threaded holes. This can increase the support points of the gearbox upper cover shell and prevent uneven force during processing.

[0047] Because the round pin seat 3 and the diamond pin seat 9 participate in positioning only in the second positioning mode, in the first positioning mode, the cylindrical pins and diamond pins 92 on the round pin seat 3 and the diamond pin seat 9 may interfere with the gearbox upper cover housing falling onto the support seat 7. In order to prevent this from happening, the cylindrical pins and diamond pins 92 in this embodiment are designed as telescopic structures, extending when needed and retracting when not needed. Figure 5As shown, the rhombus pin seat 9 includes a base 91, which is mounted on the fixture base plate 2 by means of screws and mounting threaded holes. The top surface of the base 91 is lower than the top surface of the support seat 7, so that when the rhombus pin seat 9 is not needed to participate in positioning, the base 91 will not interfere with the normal clamping of the gearbox upper cover shell. The base 91 is provided with a blind hole in the vertical direction, and the opening of the blind hole is located at the top end surface of the base 91. The diamond pin 92 is located in the blind hole and a spring 94 is arranged between the diamond pin 91 and the bottom of the blind hole. A sliding groove is axially provided on the outer wall of the diamond pin 92, and a locking hole is radially provided at the top end of the sliding groove. A threaded hole is radially provided on the side wall of the base 91 corresponding to the position of the sliding groove, and a locking screw 93 is screwed into the threaded hole. The end of the locking screw 93 abuts on the sliding groove, and the locking screw 93 limits the rotation of the diamond pin 92 in the blind hole. The locking hole is adapted to the locking screw 93. When the diamond pin 92 is no longer needed to participate in positioning, the diamond pin 92 is pressed down to make the locking screw 93 extend into the locking hole. At this time, the position of the diamond pin 92 is restricted, so that the top end surface of the diamond pin 92 is lower than the top end surface of the support seat 7, so that it will no longer affect the clamping of the gearbox upper cover shell. The round pin seat 3 has the same structure as the diamond pin seat 9, and the cylindrical pin of the round pin seat 3 is used to cooperate with the precast round pin hole. Because the working principles of the two are the same, they will not be described here.

[0048] When in use, if you need to clamp a large gearbox upper cover housing without precast pin holes, the entire fixture is in the following position: Figure 1 In the first positioning mode shown, a side positioning mechanism 1 is set on the fixed station of the first positioning zone, and a side tightening mechanism 5 is set on the movable station; a side positioning mechanism 1 is set on one of the fixed stations of the second positioning zone, and a side tightening mechanism 5 is set on the other; a side positioning mechanism 1 is set on one of the movable stations of the third positioning zone, and a side tightening mechanism 5 is set on the other. The positioning block 102 of the side positioning mechanism 1 and the top block 53 of the side tightening mechanism 5 are both in contact with the side wall of the large gearbox upper cover shell without precast pin holes, and the bottom of the gearbox upper cover shell is supported by the support seat 7, completing the shape positioning and clamping of the large gearbox upper cover shell without precast pin holes. At this time, it is also necessary to press the cylindrical pin and the diamond pin 92 to limit the positions of the two so that the top surfaces of the two are lower than the top surface of the support seat 7, which does not affect the clamping of the large gearbox upper cover shell without precast pin holes.

[0049] If a large gearbox upper cover housing with precast pin holes is to be clamped next, the side positioning mechanism 1 in the first positioning mode of clamping the large gearbox upper cover housing without precast pin holes is replaced with the side pressing mechanism 5. At this time, the entire fixture will be in the following state: Figure 2The second positioning mode is shown, and all the workstations in the first positioning area, the second positioning area and the third positioning area are all set with a side clamping mechanism 5, and the top block 53 of the side clamping mechanism 5 abuts against the side wall of the large gearbox upper cover shell with precast pin holes, and the bottom of the gearbox upper cover shell is supported by the support seat 7. At this time, it is also necessary to release the cylindrical pin and the diamond pin 92 so that the two can extend into the precast circular pin hole and the precast diamond pin hole respectively to complete the positioning and clamping of "one side and two pins".

[0050] In this way, the entire fixture meets the two positioning requirements of the large gearbox upper cover shell, and the difference between the small gearbox upper cover shell and the large gearbox upper cover shell lies in their different outer sizes. Because the side positioning mechanism 5 or the side tightening mechanism 1 arranged on the moving station can be moved along the length direction of the fixture bottom plate 2, by moving the side positioning mechanism 5 or the side tightening mechanism 1, it can adapt to the outer size of the small gearbox upper cover shell.

[0051] If you need to clamp a small gearbox cover without precast pin holes, the entire fixture will be in the following position: Figure 3 In the first positioning mode shown, the setting mode of the side positioning mechanism 5 and the side tightening mechanism 1 is the same as the first positioning mode of clamping the large gearbox upper cover shell without precast pin holes, but the outer size of the small gearbox upper cover shell is smaller than that of the large gearbox upper cover shell, so the side tightening mechanism 5 located on the moving station of the first positioning area moves along the extension direction of the long side of the fixture base plate 2 and toward the fixed station side of the first positioning area, and the side positioning mechanism 1 and the side tightening mechanism 5 located on the two moving stations of the third positioning area also move along the length direction of the fixture base plate 2 and toward the fixed station side of the first positioning area, so that the overall positioning and clamping range is narrowed, which is just suitable for the outer size of the small gearbox upper cover shell, the positioning block 102 of the side positioning mechanism 1 and the top block 53 of the side tightening mechanism 5 are both abutted against the side wall of the small gearbox upper cover shell without precast pin holes, and the bottom of the gearbox upper cover shell is supported by the support seat 7, completing the outer shape positioning and clamping of the small gearbox upper cover shell without precast pin holes. At this time, it is also necessary to press down the cylindrical pin and the diamond pin 92 to limit their positions so that their top surfaces are lower than the top surface of the support seat 7, without affecting the clamping of the small gearbox upper cover shell without precast pin holes.

[0052] If the small gearbox upper cover housing with precast pin holes is to be clamped next, the side positioning mechanism 1 in the first positioning mode of clamping the small gearbox upper cover housing without precast pin holes is replaced with the side pressing mechanism 5. At this time, the whole fixture will be in the following state: Figure 4The second positioning mode is shown, and all the workstations in the first positioning area, the second positioning area and the third positioning area are all set to the side clamping mechanism 5, the top block 53 of the side clamping mechanism 5 abuts against the side wall of the small gearbox upper cover shell with the precast pin hole, and the bottom of the gearbox upper cover shell is supported by the support seat 7. At this time, it is also necessary to release the cylindrical pin and the diamond pin 92 so that the two can extend into the precast circular pin hole and the precast diamond pin hole respectively to complete the positioning and clamping of the "one side and two pins".

[0053] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of the specific implementation methods of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fixture capable of quickly switching positioning modes, characterized in that: The clamp comprises a rectangular body structure bottom plate (2), three side positioning mechanisms (1), six side pressing mechanisms (5), a plurality of support seats (7), a round pin seat (3) and a diamond pin seat (9); the side positioning mechanism (1) and the side pressing mechanism (5) are used to abut against the side wall of the upper cover shell of the gearbox to be clamped; The fixture bottom plate (2) is provided with a plurality of threaded mounting holes, and the plurality of threaded mounting holes are used to mount a round pin seat (3), a diamond pin seat (9), a side positioning mechanism (1), a side tightening mechanism (5) and a support seat (7) on the fixture bottom plate (2); The round pin seat (3), the rhombus pin seat (9), and the plurality of support seats (7) are all mounted on the fixture bottom plate (2); the top end surfaces of all the support seats (7) are located in the same horizontal plane and are used to support the gearbox upper cover shell; the round pin seat (3) and the rhombus pin seat (9) are respectively arranged corresponding to the precast round pin hole and the precast rhombus pin hole of the gearbox upper cover shell to be clamped; The fixture bottom plate (2) is provided with three groups of positioning areas; the first positioning area has two workstations, which are respectively located at the middle positions of the two short sides of the fixture bottom plate (2), one of which is a fixed workstation and the other is a movable workstation; the second positioning area and the third positioning area each have two workstations; the two workstations in the second positioning area are both fixed workstations, which are respectively arranged at the two long sides of the fixture bottom plate (2) and close to the positions of the fixed workstations in the first positioning area; the two workstations in the third positioning area are both movable workstations, which are respectively arranged at the two long sides of the fixture bottom plate (2) and close to the positions of the movable workstations in the first positioning area; A side positioning mechanism (1) is installed at a fixed station in the first positioning zone, and a side pressing mechanism (5) is installed at a movable station; any one of the two fixed stations in the second positioning zone is installed with a side positioning mechanism (1), and the other is installed with a side pressing mechanism (5); any one of the two movable stations in the third positioning zone is installed with a side positioning mechanism (1), and the other is installed with a side pressing mechanism (5); the three side positioning mechanisms (1) and the three side pressing mechanisms (5) together constitute a first positioning mode, which is used to clamp a gearbox upper cover housing without precast pin holes; Alternatively, all workstations in the first positioning zone, the second positioning zone and the third positioning zone are equipped with side clamping mechanisms (5); the six side clamping mechanisms (5) together with the round pin seat (3) and the diamond pin seat (9) form a second positioning mode for clamping a gearbox upper cover housing with precast pin holes.

2. The fixture capable of quickly switching positioning modes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rhombus pin seat (9) comprises a base (91), the top surface of the base (91) is lower than the top surface of the support seat (7), the base (91) is provided with a blind hole in the vertical direction, the opening of the blind hole is located at the top surface of the base (91), the rhombus pin (92) is located in the blind hole and a spring (94) is provided between the rhombus pin (92) and the bottom of the blind hole, the rhombus pin (92) is used to cooperate with the precast rhombus pin hole, a slide groove is provided in the axial direction on the outer wall of the rhombus pin (92), and a locking hole is provided in the radial direction at the top of the slide groove; the side wall of the base (91) A threaded hole is radially opened corresponding to the position of the slide groove, and a locking screw (93) is screwed into the threaded hole. The end of the locking screw (93) abuts against the slide groove, and the locking hole is adapted to the locking screw (93). When the locking screw (93) extends into the locking hole, the top end surface of the rhombus pin (92) is lower than the top end surface of the support seat (7), and the base (91) is installed on the fixture bottom plate (2) through the screw and the mounting threaded hole; the round pin seat (3) has the same structure as the rhombus pin seat (9), and the cylindrical pin of the round pin seat (3) is used to cooperate with the precast round pin hole.

3. The fixture capable of quickly switching positioning modes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side positioning mechanism (1) comprises a positioning base (101) and a positioning block (102) arranged on the positioning base (101), wherein the positioning block (102) is used to abut against a side wall of a gearbox upper cover housing; Four mounting holes are symmetrically distributed on the positioning base (101) on both sides of the positioning block (102), and screws for connecting with mounting threaded holes on the fixture bottom plate (2) are arranged in the mounting holes.

4. The fixture capable of quickly switching positioning modes according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two first pin holes are symmetrically arranged on the positioning base (101) on both sides of the positioning block (102), a second pin hole for cooperating with the first pin hole is arranged on the fixture base plate (2), and a plurality of second pin holes located in the third positioning area on the movable station for installing the side positioning mechanism (1) are arranged at equal intervals along the long side extension direction of the fixture base plate (2), the spacing between two adjacent second pin holes is the same as the spacing between the two first pin holes, and a positioning pin (4) for cooperating with the second pin hole is arranged in the first pin hole.

5. The fixture capable of quickly switching positioning modes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The side tightening mechanism (5) comprises a tightening base (51), a mounting platform is arranged on the tightening base (51), a threaded hole is opened in the horizontal direction on the mounting platform, a tightening screw (52) is screwed in the threaded hole, one end of the tightening screw (52) is rotatably connected to a lifting block (53), and the other end is connected to a hand wheel (54), and the lifting block (53) is used to abut against the side wall of the gearbox upper cover shell; Four tightening mounting holes are symmetrically distributed on the tightening base (51) on both sides of the top block (53), and screws for connecting with the mounting threaded holes on the clamp bottom plate (2) are arranged in the tightening mounting holes.

6. The fixture capable of quickly switching positioning modes according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of groups of mounting threaded holes are arranged at equal intervals along the direction of extension of the long side of the fixture bottom plate (2) at the moving station in the third positioning zone, the spacing between each group of mounting threaded holes being equal to the spacing between the mounting holes located on the same side of the positioning block (102) or the top tightening mounting holes located on the same side of the top block (53), and the spacing between two adjacent groups of mounting threaded holes being equal to the spacing between the mounting holes located on both sides of the positioning block (102) or the top tightening mounting holes located on both sides of the top block (53); A plurality of groups of mounting threaded holes are arranged at equal intervals along the long side extension direction of the fixture bottom plate (2) at the moving station in the first positioning area, the spacing between each group of mounting threaded holes being equal to the spacing between the top tightening mounting holes on both sides of the top block (53), and the spacing between two adjacent groups of mounting threaded holes being equal to the spacing between the top tightening mounting holes on the same side of the top block (53).

7. The fixture capable of quickly switching positioning modes according to claim 1, characterized in that: An intermediate clamping mechanism (8) is arranged at the center of the clamp base plate (2), and the intermediate clamping mechanism (8) comprises a pressure strip (81) and a screw rod (82) installed at the center position of the clamp base plate (2). The pressure strip (81) is sleeved on the screw rod (82), and a clamping nut is screwed on the top of the screw rod (82), and the bottom surface of the clamping nut abuts against the top surface of the pressure strip (81). An intermediate support (83) for supporting the gearbox upper cover shell is arranged on the clamp base plate (2) corresponding to the pressure strip (81), and the intermediate support (83) is installed on the clamp base plate (2) by means of screws and the mounting threaded holes.

8. The fixture capable of quickly switching positioning modes according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: A plurality of floating supports (6) for supporting the gearbox upper cover housing are arranged on the fixture bottom plate (2), and are mounted on the fixture bottom plate (2) via screws and the mounting threaded holes.

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