Shell structure, battery cell and battery pack

Abstract

The utility model provides a shell structure, a battery cell and a battery pack, the shell structure comprises a shell main body, the shell main body is provided with an accommodating cavity, and an interlayer body is arranged in the accommodating cavity; the interlayer body comprises a first material layer, a second material layer and a third material layer which are stacked together, the first material layer is made of carbon fibers or hard alloy, the second material layer is made of a phase change heat absorption material, and the third material layer is made of a heat insulation material. According to the shell structure, the overall structural strength of the shell can be improved, the heat management function can be enhanced, the cycle service life of a battery can be prolonged when the shell structure is applied to a battery cell or a battery pack, and the good using effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of power battery packs, and in particular to a shell structure. The utility model also relates to a battery cell and a battery pack provided with the shell. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the new energy vehicle industry, all walks of life have put forward higher requirements for the performance of battery packs. As for the battery cell shell or battery pack shell, multiple functionalities are also pursued. However, in the prior art, the functions of the battery cell shell or battery pack shell are relatively single, which cannot better meet the use requirements and urgently needs further improvement. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a housing structure to improve the strength of the housing and increase the thermal management function.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the utility model is implemented as follows:

[0005] A shell comprises a shell body, wherein a accommodating cavity is provided on the shell body, and a sandwich body is provided in the accommodating cavity; the sandwich body comprises a first material layer, a second material layer and a third material layer stacked together, the first material layer is made of carbon fiber or cemented carbide, the second material layer is made of phase change heat-absorbing material, and the third material layer is made of heat-insulating material.

[0006] Furthermore, the accommodating cavity runs through the thickness direction of the shell body, and the interlayer body is embedded in the accommodating cavity.

[0007] Furthermore, the projection of the sandwich body on the shell body is rectangular, circular, I-shaped or irregular polygonal, and the first material layer, the second material layer and the third material layer are stacked from the inside to the outside of the sandwich body.

[0008] Furthermore, the accommodating cavities are multiple and spaced apart along the length direction of the shell body, and / or the accommodating cavities are multiple and spaced apart along the width direction of the shell body; the number of the interlayer bodies matches the number of the accommodating cavities.

[0009] Furthermore, the shell body has an upper plate body and a lower plate body arranged relatively to each other, and a side plate body connected between the upper plate body and the lower plate body, and the side plate body is arranged along the circumference of the shell body; the accommodating cavity is formed between the upper plate body and the lower plate body and each of the side plate bodies, the interlayer body is fixedly connected in the accommodating cavity, and the first material layer, the second material layer and the third material layer are stacked along the thickness direction of the shell body.

[0010] Further, a first isolation layer is provided between the first material layer and the second material layer; and / or a second isolation layer is provided between the second material layer and the third material layer.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:

[0012] The shell described in the utility model, through the cavity arranged on the shell body and the interlayer body arranged in the cavity, when applied to the battery cell or battery pack, can not only utilize the characteristics of carbon fiber or cemented carbide materials to improve the overall structural strength of the shell, but also utilize the characteristics of phase change heat absorption material and heat insulation material to reduce the temperature rise of the battery cell or battery module in the shell, enhance the thermal management function, thereby prolonging the battery cycle service life, and has a very good use effect.

[0013] In addition, a receiving cavity is provided to penetrate the thickness direction of the shell body, and the interlayer body is embedded in the receiving cavity, so that the local structure of the shell can be strengthened, and the local structural thermal management function of the shell can be improved. Moreover, the interlayer body is embedded in the receiving cavity, which is also convenient for improving the reliability of the connection between the interlayer body and the shell body. The projection of the interlayer body on the shell body is rectangular, circular, I-shaped or irregular polygonal, which has a simple structure and is easy to process and prepare.

[0014] In addition, the accommodating cavity is defined by the upper plate body, the lower plate body and each side plate body, and the sandwich body is fixedly connected in the accommodating cavity, which can be processed and prepared by condensing the molten liquid. The first isolation layer and the second isolation layer can prevent interference between adjacent material layers.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery core, in which the housing structure as described above is provided.

[0016] In addition, the utility model also proposes a battery pack, in which the housing structure as described above is provided.

[0017] The battery cell and battery pack of the utility model, by adopting the above-mentioned shell structure, can not only improve the structural strength of the shell, but also make the shell have a heat exchange effect, which is also beneficial to improving the thermal management of the battery cell and the battery pack, and has a good use effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the housing structure described in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the sandwich body described in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the housing structure described in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the sandwich body described in the embodiment of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the housing structure described in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0024] Description of reference numerals:

[0025] 1. Shell body; 11. Interlayer body; 111. First material layer; 112. Second material layer; 113. Third material layer; 10. Mould; 20. Positioning frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer" and the like indicating orientation or positional relationship, they are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, if there are terms such as "first" and "second", they are also used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection" and "connector" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in combination with specific circumstances.

[0029] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] The present embodiment relates to a shell structure, which can not only improve the overall structural strength of the shell, but also enhance the thermal management function and, when applied to a battery cell or a battery pack, can increase the battery cycle life.

[0032] In terms of overall composition, Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the shell structure of this embodiment includes a shell body 1, a housing cavity is provided on the shell body 1, and a sandwich body 11 is provided in the housing cavity. The sandwich body 11 includes a first material layer 111, a second material layer 112 and a third material layer 113 stacked together, the first material layer 111 is made of carbon fiber or hard alloy, the second material layer 112 is made of phase change heat absorbing material, and the third material layer 113 is made of heat insulating material.

[0033] At this time, by utilizing the characteristics of carbon fiber or cemented carbide materials, the overall structural strength of the shell can be improved, and by utilizing the characteristics of phase change heat absorption materials and heat insulation materials, the thermal management function can be enhanced. When applied to battery cells or battery packs, the temperature rise of the battery cells or battery modules in the shell can be reduced, thereby increasing the battery cycle life.

[0034] It should be noted that the first material layer 111, the second material layer 112 and the third material layer 113 in the interlayer body 11 can be stacked in sequence, or can be stacked in the order of the second material layer 112, the first material layer 111 and the third material layer 113. This embodiment does not limit the stacking order of the first material layer 111, the second material layer 112 and the third material layer 113.

[0035] In addition, it is worth noting that in this embodiment, the phase change endothermic material can be, for example, the prior art, composed of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, potassium chloride, sodium metasilicate nonahydrate and graphite, with a phase change temperature of about 25°C and a phase change latent heat of 170 J / g. Alternatively, a liquid metal phase change endothermic material in the prior art, such as a gallium-tin alloy, is used, with a melting point of 20 to 40°C. The above materials are all fully in line with the service temperature range of the battery. The thermal insulation material can be, for example, a resin composition of silicon dioxide, aerogel or cycloolefin composition in the prior art. It is also worth noting that the carbon fiber or cemented carbide used in the first material layer, and the thermal insulation material of the oil driller in the third material layer are all existing materials.

[0036] Based on the above overall structure, for details, see Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, as an exemplary structure, in this embodiment, the accommodating cavity runs through the thickness direction of the shell body 1, and the interlayer body 11 is embedded in the accommodating cavity. The setting of the accommodating cavity can be conducive to strengthening the local structure of the shell and improving the thermal management function of the local structure of the shell, so that not only the local structure of the shell can be strengthened, but also the local structural thermal management function of the shell can be improved. In addition, the interlayer body 11 is embedded in the accommodating cavity, which is also convenient for improving the reliability of the connection between the interlayer body 11 and the shell body 1.

[0037] In this embodiment, the projection of the sandwich body 11 on the shell body 1 is rectangular, circular, I-shaped or irregular polygonal, and the first material layer 111, the second material layer 112 and the third material layer 113 are stacked from the inside to the outside of the sandwich body 11. The structural design of the sandwich body 11 has a simple structure and is easy to process and prepare. The sandwich body 11 is fixed in the cavity by riveting, which can also improve the connection reliability between the sandwich body 11 and the shell body 1.

[0038] See also Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the projection of the sandwich body 11 on the shell body 1 is rectangular or I-shaped. The sandwich body 11 is designed as an I-shaped structure, which can increase the specific surface area between the shell body 1 and the sandwich body 11, increase the reliability between the sandwich body 11 and the shell body 1, and the I-shaped cross-sectional structure can also enable the sandwich to obtain a higher load-bearing capacity with less material. In a specific implementation, the first material layer, the second material layer and the third material layer in the sandwich body are stacked from the inside of the sandwich body to the outside.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment, in this embodiment, the accommodating cavities are multiple and spaced along the length direction of the shell body 1, and the accommodating cavities are also multiple and spaced along the width direction of the shell body 1, that is, the accommodating cavities are multiple and spaced in both the length direction and the width direction of the shell body 1. At this time, the number of interlayer bodies 11 matches the number of accommodating cavities. By riveting the interlayer bodies 11 in each accommodating cavity, the shell formed thereby can make the local position of the shell corresponding to the interlayer body 11 have higher structural strength and thermal management function. This structural design is conducive to meeting the demand for improving the local function of the shell.

[0040] It is worth mentioning that, in order to prevent interference between adjacent material layers, in this embodiment, a first isolation layer is provided between the first material layer 111 and the second material layer 112, and a second isolation layer is provided between the second material layer 112 and the third material layer 113. It can be understood that when the interlayer body 11 of this embodiment is specifically prepared, the first isolation layer and the second isolation layer can be provided according to needs.

[0041] In the specific implementation, the material of the shell body 1 is preferably an aluminum alloy with high strength. First, each sandwich body 11 and the shell body 1 with a cavity are prepared. The preparation can be carried out by condensing a molten liquid. During the preparation process, it is necessary to wait for the previous material layer to be completely condensed, and then stack another material layer on the upper surface of the material layer. After condensing into a solid, each sandwich body 11 is embedded in each cavity by riveting or pressing.

[0042] As another exemplary structure, in this embodiment, the shell body 1 has an upper plate body and a lower plate body arranged relatively, and a side plate body connected between the upper plate body and the lower plate body, and the side plate body is arranged along the circumference of the shell body 1. In addition, a receiving cavity is formed between the upper plate body, the lower plate body and each side plate body, and the sandwich body 11 is fixedly connected in the receiving cavity, and the first material layer 111, the second material layer 112 and the third material layer 113 are stacked along the thickness direction of the shell body 1. At this time, the receiving cavity is surrounded by the upper plate body, the lower plate body and each side plate body, and the sandwich body 11 is fixedly connected in the receiving cavity, which can also improve the overall structural strength and thermal management function of the shell.

[0043] In the specific implementation, the sandwich body 11 is a plate-like structure as a whole, a receiving cavity is formed inside the shell body 1, and one of the side ends of the shell body 1 is open. The sandwich body 11 is placed in the receiving cavity through the opening, and then the receiving cavity is filled with liquid consistent with the material of the shell body 1. After the liquid is cooled, the sandwich body 11 is fixed inside the receiving cavity, that is, the sandwich body 11 is wrapped in the shell. Among them, the material of the shell body 1 is preferably an aluminum alloy with high strength.

[0044] like Figure 5 The structure shown in the figure is specifically prepared by first forming the sandwich unit, then embedding the sandwich unit into the positioning frame 20, placing the positioning frame 20 embedded with the sandwich unit into the casting mold 10, pouring aluminum liquid, cooling and demoulding to complete the molding of the shell, at which time the aluminum liquid wraps the outside of each sandwich unit. Among them, the melting point of the positioning frame 20 material should be higher than the aluminum liquid temperature, and maintain a certain strength at high temperature. It is preferred to use a high-temperature alloy to avoid melting and softening of the aluminum liquid during casting, causing the sandwich block to deviate from the preset position. In addition, the spacing between adjacent sandwich units should not be too small to avoid the sandwich units being too dense to affect the fluidity of the aluminum liquid and produce additional cavities.

[0045] The shell structure of this embodiment, by utilizing the material properties of the sandwich body, can not only improve the overall structural strength of the shell, but also enhance the thermal management function and, when applied to a battery cell or a battery pack, can increase the battery cycle life.

[0046] Embodiment 2

[0047] This embodiment relates to a battery cell, the shell of which adopts the shell structure described in Embodiment 1. At the same time, this embodiment also relates to a battery pack, the shell of which adopts the shell structure described in Embodiment 1.

[0048] It is worth noting that the shell of the battery cell may be a shell structure of the first embodiment for the entire shell, or a shell structure of the first embodiment may be adopted in part of the shell. That is, the shell structure of the first embodiment can be applied not only to the entire shell of the battery cell, but also to the local structure in the shell of the battery cell. Similarly, the shell of the battery pack may be a shell structure of the first embodiment for the entire shell, or a shell structure of the first embodiment may be adopted in part of the shell. That is, the shell structure of the first embodiment can be applied not only to the entire shell of the battery pack, but also to the local structure in the shell of the battery pack. In this way, the material characteristics of the sandwich body are utilized to improve the structural strength and heat exchange effect of the entire shell or a part of the shell.

[0049] The battery cell and battery pack of this embodiment, by adopting the above-mentioned shell structure, can not only improve the structural strength of the shell, but also make the shell have a heat exchange effect, which is also beneficial to improving the thermal management of the battery cell and the battery pack, and has a good use effect.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A housing structure, characterized in that: It includes a shell body, a containing cavity is provided on the shell body, and a sandwich body is provided in the containing cavity; the sandwich body includes a first material layer, a second material layer and a third material layer stacked together, the first material layer is made of carbon fiber or cemented carbide, the second material layer is made of phase change heat-absorbing material, and the third material layer is made of heat-insulating material.

2. The housing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The accommodating cavity runs through the thickness direction of the shell body, and the interlayer body is embedded in the accommodating cavity.

3. The housing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The projection of the sandwich body on the shell body is rectangular, circular, I-shaped or irregular polygonal, and the first material layer, the second material layer and the third material layer are stacked from the inside of the sandwich body to the outside.

4. The housing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The accommodating cavities are multiple and spaced apart along the length direction of the shell body, and / or the accommodating cavities are multiple and spaced apart along the width direction of the shell body; The number of the interlayer bodies matches the number of the accommodating cavities.

5. The housing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell body has an upper plate body and a lower plate body arranged opposite to each other, and a side plate body connected between the upper plate body and the lower plate body, and the side plate body is arranged along the circumference of the shell body; The accommodating cavity is formed between the upper plate body, the lower plate body and each of the side plates, the sandwich body is fixedly connected in the accommodating cavity, and the first material layer, the second material layer and the third material layer are stacked along the thickness direction of the shell body.

6. The housing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: A first isolation layer is provided between the first material layer and the second material layer; and / or a second isolation layer is provided between the second material layer and the third material layer.

7. A battery cell, characterized in that: The battery core is provided with the shell structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A battery pack, characterized in that: The battery pack is provided with the housing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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