Biomass carbonization and gasification coupling system with low pollution emission

Abstract

The utility model discloses a biomass carbonization and gasification coupling system with low pollution emission, relates to the technical field of biomass resources, and aims to solve the problem of developing a system which can efficiently utilize the biomass resources and has low pollution emission. The output end of the feeding device is connected with a coupling device, the coupling device is communicated with a storage device and a collection box, the storage device is used for collecting gasified synthesis gas, the collection box is used for collecting wood vinegar and wood tar, the output end of the coupling device is connected with a gasification furnace, and the output end of the gasification furnace is connected with a heating device. A steam inlet of the gasification furnace is communicated with the coupling device through a steam pipeline, and a gasification outlet of the gasification furnace is communicated with the coupling device through a gasification pipeline.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of biomass resources, in particular to a biomass carbonization and gasification coupling system with low pollution emission. Background Art

[0002] Biomass waste, especially herbaceous biomass, has a huge output in my country, but due to its low energy and mass density, there is an obvious bottleneck in its utilization. By heating biomass under anaerobic or hypoxic conditions to achieve carbonization pretreatment, its moisture content, ash and volatile matter can be reduced, its subsequent utilization characteristics can be improved, and its energy storage stability can be enhanced, providing high-quality raw materials for subsequent biomass gasification.

[0003] Releasing biomass with oxygen, water vapor or other oxidants to gasify the biomass and produce a certain proportion of combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane is a way to utilize biomass waste for energy. Through biomass gasification, biomass resources can be pre-processed and utilized efficiently and quickly, and converted into high-value-added combustible gases, providing a basis for the preparation of liquid fuels, synthetic natural gas, power generation, etc.

[0004] The synthesis gas produced by biomass gasification is subjected to a series of purification treatments to remove impurities, tar and other pollutants, and to improve its purity and calorific value. How to achieve gas purification coupling utilization while utilizing biomass gasification conversion is the development direction to further improve the biomass gasification process. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a system that utilizes biomass for gasification and purification coupling to achieve efficient utilization of biomass resources and reduce the impact of the biomass utilization process on the environment. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, that is, to develop a system that can efficiently utilize biomass resources and has low pollution emissions, the utility model proposes a biomass carbonization and gasification coupling system with low pollution emissions, which includes a feeding device, the output end of the feeding device is connected to a coupling device, the coupling device is connected to a storage device and a collecting box, the storage device is used to collect gasification synthesis gas, the collecting box is used to collect wood vinegar and wood tar, the output end of the coupling device is connected to a gasifier, the steam inlet of the gasifier is connected to the coupling device through a steam pipe, and the gasification outlet of the gasifier is connected to the coupling device through a gasification pipe.

[0006] The utility model is further configured as follows: it also includes a control unit, the output end of the control unit is electrically connected to the driving device of the coupling device to control the feeding speed in the coupling device, and the coupling device is also equipped with a temperature sensor and a humidity controller, and the control unit is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the humidity controller.

[0007] The utility model also proposes a process using the above-mentioned low-pollution biomass carbonization and gasification coupling system, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: The biomass raw material is pretreated and then transported into the coupling device through a feeding device for semi-carbonization treatment to generate semi-carbonized raw material and wood vinegar;

[0009] Step 2: transporting the semi-carbonized raw material into the gasifier for pyrolysis and gasification to generate gasification synthesis gas;

[0010] Step 3: transporting the gasified syngas through a gasification pipeline into the coupling device, so as to semi-carbonize the biomass raw material by using the heat of the gasified syngas, and at the same time, using the semi-carbonized raw material to adsorb tar, moisture and impurities in the gasified syngas;

[0011] Step 4: The gasified synthesis gas adsorbed in step 3 is transmitted to the storage device for storage.

[0012] The utility model is further configured as follows: the biomass raw material transported to the coupling device in step 1 needs to be crushed and briquette-pressed in advance, and preheated by a heat exchange device.

[0013] The utility model is further configured as follows: in step 1, the temperature in the coupling device is controlled at 340° C., and the proportion of tar composite moisture in the biomass raw material is controlled at 4%.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0015] By using the gasification pipeline, the gasification synthesis gas generated in the gasifier can be transmitted to the coupling device, so that the heat of the gasification synthesis gas itself can be used to semi-carbonize the biomass raw materials, and the heat in the gasification synthesis gas can be fully recycled and utilized to avoid heat loss and waste. At the same time, the semi-carbonized raw materials can also adsorb tar, moisture and impurities in the gasification synthesis gas, and purify the gasification synthesis gas, effectively integrating carbonization treatment, energy regulation and purification of gasification synthesis gas, improving conversion efficiency and reducing pollution emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A system diagram of the utility model is shown.

[0017] Figure 2 The utility model process flow chart is shown.

[0018] Figure numerals: 1. conveying device; 11. conveying cylinder; 12. hopper; 2. coupling device; 21. temperature sensor; 22. humidity sensor; 23. spray nozzle; 3. storage device; 4. collecting box; 5. gasifier; 51. steam pipe; 52. gasification pipe; 6. control unit; 7. heat exchanger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] The utility model proposes a low-pollution biomass carbonization and gasification coupling system, comprising a conveying device 1, the conveying device 1 comprises a conveying cylinder 11, one end of which is equipped with a hopper 12 for adding biomass raw materials into the conveying cylinder 11, and the other end of the conveying cylinder 11 is connected with a coupling device 2, the coupling device 2 is a drum-type carbonization furnace, the biomass raw materials are conveyed into the coupling device 2 through the conveying cylinder 11, and the biomass raw materials are semi-carbonized through the coupling device 2, and the reaction process is as follows:

[0022] Biomass→BioChar+H2O+Wood Vi negar.

[0023] The coupling device 2 is connected to a storage device 3 and a collecting box 4 . The storage device 3 is used to collect gasified synthesis gas, and the collecting box 4 is used to collect wood vinegar and tar produced in the coupling device 2 .

[0024] The output end of the coupling device 2 is connected to the gasifier 5, so that the semi-carbonized raw materials generated in the coupling device 2 are transported into the gasifier 5 for pyrolysis and gasification to generate gasification synthesis gas. The reaction formula is:

[0025] Biomass→BioChar+H2O+Tar+CO+H2+CH4.

[0026] The steam inlet of the gasifier 5 is connected to the coupling device 2 through the steam pipe 51, so that the water vapor generated in the coupling device 2 is transported into the gasifier 5 for use in pyrolysis and gasification. The gasification outlet of the gasifier 5 is connected to the coupling device 2 through the gasification pipe 52, and the gasification synthesis gas generated in the gasifier 5 is transported into the coupling device 2.

[0027] It also includes a control unit 6, which uses a PLC programming controller. The output end of the control unit 6 is electrically connected to the driving device of the coupling device 2, that is, the output end of the control unit 6 is electrically connected to the motor on the coupling device 2, so as to output a control signal to the driving device, thereby controlling the start and stop and rotation speed of the driving device.

[0028] A temperature sensor and a humidity controller are also installed on the coupling device 2. The input ends of the control unit 6 are electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the humidity controller to detect the temperature signal and the humidity signal in the coupling device 2, thereby controlling the temperature and humidity in the coupling device 2.

[0029] It should be noted that a spray port 23 is also provided on the coupling device 2 to spray water vapor into the coupling device 2, and control valves are also installed on the spray port 23 and the gasification pipeline 52. The output end of the control unit 6 is electrically connected to the installed valve. The control unit 6 outputs control signals to the two control valves respectively based on the temperature signal of the temperature sensor 21 and the humidity signal of the humidity sensor 22, thereby controlling the opening of the control valve to control the water vapor and gasification synthesis gas sprayed into the coupling device 2, thereby achieving control of the temperature and humidity in the coupling device 2.

[0030] Because the gasified syngas produced by pyrolysis and gasification contains a large amount of heat, the gasified syngas is charged into the coupling device 2, which can achieve the heating effect on the biomass raw material and then achieve semi-carbonization treatment. When the gasified syngas passes through the semi-carbonized raw material, the semi-carbonized raw material can adsorb the gasified syngas and adsorb the tar, moisture and impurities in the gasified syngas, thereby purifying the gasified syngas. The purified high-quality gasified syngas is extracted into the storage device 3 through the induced draft fan for storage.

[0031] It should be noted that a heat exchanger 7 is provided between the conveying cylinder 11 and the gasification pipeline 52. The heat emitted from the gasification pipeline 52 is replaced into the conveying cylinder 11 through the heat exchanger 7, so that the conveying pipe can preheat the biomass raw material.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] The utility model proposes a process for using the low-pollution biomass carbonization and gasification coupling system disclosed in Example 1, comprising the following steps:

[0034] Step 1: The biomass raw material is pretreated and then transported into the coupling device 2 through the feeding device for semi-carbonization treatment to generate semi-carbonized raw material and wood vinegar;

[0035] Step 2: transporting the semi-carbonized raw material into the gasifier 5 for pyrolysis and gasification to generate gasification synthesis gas;

[0036] Step 3: The gasified syngas is transported into the coupling device 2 through the gasification pipeline 52, so as to semi-carbonize the biomass raw material by using the self-heat of the gasified syngas, and at the same time, the semi-carbonized raw material is used to adsorb tar, moisture and impurities in the gasified syngas;

[0037] Step 4: The gasified synthesis gas adsorbed in step 3 is transmitted to the storage device 3 for storage.

[0038] The wood vinegar produced in step 1 is collected in the collecting box 4, and the biomass raw materials transported into the coupling device 2 need to be crushed and briquette in advance, and preheated through the conveying cylinder 11 for easy transportation and semi-carbonization. At the same time, the temperature in the coupling device 2 is controlled by the control unit 6 to be 340°C, and the proportion of tar composite water in the biomass raw materials in the coupling device 2 is controlled to be 4%.

[0039] Experimental Example 1

[0040] Corn stalks were used as biomass raw materials. The corn stalks were crushed into 2 cm particle size raw materials and pressed into blocks. The system of Example 1 was used to process the process of Example 2. The main components of the gasification synthesis gas produced in the gasifier 5 were H2, CO, CH4, CO2, and N2, and the low calorific value was 11.5 MJ / Nm 3 The main components of the purified and adsorbed gasification synthesis gas are H2, CO, CH4, and CO2, and its low calorific value is 13.2 MJ / Nm 3 The recycling rate of gasification synthesis gas is 95%.

[0041] It should be noted that the recycling rate (%) = (volume of gasified synthesis gas after purification / volume of gasified synthesis gas generated in the gasifier 5) × 100%.

[0042] Experimental Example 2

[0043] Rice straw is used as biomass raw material, which is crushed into 2 cm particle size raw material and pressed into blocks. The system of Example 1 is used and the process of Example 2 is used for processing. The main components of the gasification synthesis gas generated in the gasifier 5 are H2, CO, CH4, CO2, and N2, and its low calorific value is 10.8 MJ / Nm 3 The main components of the gasified synthesis gas after purification and adsorption are H2, CO, CH4, and CO2, and its low calorific value is 12.5MJ / Nm 3 The recycling rate of gasification synthesis gas is 90%.

[0044] The calculation method of recycling is the same as that of Experimental Example 1.

[0045] In summary, the utility model can realize the transmission of the gasification synthesis gas generated in the gasification furnace 5 into the coupling device 2 by utilizing the gasification pipeline 52, so that the heat of the gasification synthesis gas itself can be used to carbonize the biomass raw materials, and the heat in the gasification synthesis gas can be fully recovered and utilized to avoid the loss and waste of heat. At the same time, the semi-carbonized raw materials can also adsorb the tar, moisture and impurities in the gasification synthesis gas, realize the purification of the gasification synthesis gas, effectively integrate the carbonization treatment, energy regulation and purification of the gasification synthesis gas, improve the conversion efficiency, and reduce pollution emissions.

[0046] Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made thereto and parts thereof may be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0049] The term "comprise" or any other similar term is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus / device that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, article, or apparatus / device.

[0050] So far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-pollution biomass carbonization and gasification coupling system, characterized by: The invention comprises a feeding device, wherein the output end of the feeding device is connected to a coupling device (2), the coupling device (2) is connected to a storage device (3) and a collecting box (4), the storage device (3) is used to collect gasified synthesis gas, the collecting box (4) is used to collect wood vinegar and wood tar, the output end of the coupling device (2) is connected to a gasifier (5), the steam inlet of the gasifier (5) is connected to the coupling device (2) through a steam pipeline (51), and the gasification outlet of the gasifier (5) is connected to the coupling device (2) through a gasification pipeline (52).

2. The low-pollution biomass carbonization and gasification coupling system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The device also comprises a control unit (6), wherein an output end of the control unit (6) is electrically connected to a driving device of the coupling device (2) so as to control a feeding speed in the coupling device (2); a temperature sensor (21) and a humidity sensor (22) are also installed on the coupling device (2); and the control unit (6) is electrically connected to the temperature sensor (21) and the humidity sensor (22).

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