Anchoring and shotcreting lining type open cut tunnel structure
By setting up the back arch steel bars and steel arch frames in the open-hole structure and adopting the layer-by-layer anchor spraying process, the problems of poor flowability and structural stability of the sprayed concrete during anchor spraying construction are solved, and the safe and stable construction of the open-hole structure and the expansion of the application scope are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421625324.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-10
AI Technical Summary
When constructing an open hole structure using anchor spraying technology, the sprayed concrete has almost no fluidity and cannot be vibrated, resulting in a large number of holes that will inevitably be created between the steel bars, which will not ensure the safety of the open hole structure. At the same time, the overall stability of the structure is also challenging.
An anchor spray-lining open-hole structure is designed. By setting up a back arch steel bar on the base of the open-hole and performing layer-by-layer anchor spraying on the steel arch frame, the first and second anchor spraying support and limit connections are used to provide support and ensure the uniform distribution of concrete.
The stability and construction safety of the open hole structure are achieved, and the open hole structure is allowed to be constructed using anchor spraying technology, which expands the application scope of the anchor spraying technology, saves costs and construction periods, and reduces overlapping seams at the junction of light and dark.
Smart Images
Figure CN222797517U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to an anchor-sprayed lining type open hole structure, belonging to the technical field of open hole anchor-sprayed. Background Art
[0002] Tunnel engineering occupies an important position in modern transportation infrastructure. As a key technology in tunnel engineering, anchor spraying lining technology has the advantages of giving full play to the self-stabilizing ability of surrounding rock, being suitable for various special-shaped sections, reducing the construction process of secondary lining, saving investment, and improving construction speed. It can be applied to various types of tunnel engineering. However, there are also disadvantages such as poor impermeability and easy cracking of shotcrete, and there are also pain points in the treatment of groundwater. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of shotcrete construction technology and material properties, the strength and deformation control ability of shotcrete structure have been significantly improved, and anchor spraying lining structure has been widely used. As an important part of tunnel engineering, open hole structure has the following functions: First, protect the road surface of the tunnel entrance from the threat of natural disasters such as falling rocks and landslides, and ensure driving safety. The backfill soil on the top can be used as a buffer layer for falling rocks above, effectively preventing the collapse, falling rocks, mudslides, landslides and other disasters that may occur on the slopes and back slopes of the tunnel entrance or the cutting section; Second, the open hole structure can solve the construction difficulties of the tunnel entrance due to complex terrain and geological conditions, which is difficult to be built by dark excavation. Normally, open-cut structures are cast using molded lining. When casting using molded lining, a secondary lining trolley or a bracket is required for casting using a small formwork. When the tunnel uses anchor spraying lining, the tunnel's inclined shaft, drainage tunnel and other structures do not have a secondary lining trolley or it is difficult to use a small formwork cast-in-place process, it is necessary to consider the construction of the open-cut structure using the anchor spraying process. In conventional design, the open-cut structure of the tunnel usually adopts a double-layer steel bar arrangement, and the double-layer steel bars are connected and fixed with stirrups. After the steel bars are tied, the mold is closed and cast directly. When the mold is closed and cast, the fluidity of the concrete can be used to make the entire structure dense. However, when using the anchor spraying process to construct the open-cut structure, it must be considered that the sprayed concrete has almost no fluidity and cannot be vibrated, and can only be sprayed in layers. If the steel bars are tied first and then the concrete is sprayed, a large number of voids will inevitably be generated between the steel bars, and the safety of the open-cut structure cannot be guaranteed. At the same time, the two layers of steel bars are tied separately, and the overall stability of the structure must be considered.
[0003] In order to solve the compaction problem and structural stability problem of shotcrete, it is of great significance to design an open hole structure design and construction scheme for anchor shotcrete lining. Summary of the invention
[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the utility model is to provide an anchor-sprayed lining type open hole structure, so that the open hole structure can also be constructed using the anchor-sprayed process, and the application scope of the anchor-sprayed process is further expanded, which has important practical significance and broad application prospects; it can overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology.
[0005] The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0006] The utility model discloses an anchor-sprayed lining type open tunnel structure, which comprises an inverted arch steel bar arranged on the open tunnel foundation, a reinforced concrete inverted arch is cast on the inverted arch steel bar, mounting seats of a steel arch frame are arranged at the left and right ends of the reinforced concrete inverted arch, the steel arch frames are arranged on the mounting seats, the steel arch frames are distributed along the longitudinal direction of the open tunnel, and longitudinal connecting devices are arranged between the steel arch frames; a first anchor-sprayed support is arranged on the steel arch frame, a first sprayed concrete layer is arranged on the first anchor-sprayed support, a limiting connector extending to the outside of the first sprayed concrete layer is arranged on the first anchor-sprayed support, a second anchor-sprayed support is arranged at the end of the limiting connector, and a second sprayed concrete layer is arranged on the second anchor-sprayed support.
[0007] As mentioned above, the longitudinal connecting device is a longitudinal connecting steel bar which is staggered and connected with the steel arch frame.
[0008] As mentioned above, the first anchor spray support includes inner longitudinal reinforcement and inner annular main reinforcement provided on the inner side of the steel arch frame, the limiting connector is connected to the inner annular main reinforcement, and a wire mesh serving as an outer formwork is provided on the outer side of the steel arch frame.
[0009] In the above-mentioned, the limiting connecting member is a limiting steel bar, and the second anchor spray support includes an outer longitudinal steel bar and an outer annular main bar connected to the limiting steel bar.
[0010] As mentioned above, the mounting seat is a steel arch frame B unit fixed to the first sprayed concrete layer, and a steel arch frame A unit is provided on the steel arch frame B unit, which is spliced with each other to form an arch frame.
[0011] As mentioned above, the inverted arch reinforcement is composed of annular reinforcements on the outer side of the inverted arch, annular reinforcements on the inner side of the inverted arch, stirrups connecting the annular reinforcements on the outer side of the inverted arch and the annular reinforcements on the inner side of the inverted arch, and longitudinal reinforcements.
[0012] As mentioned above, a double-layer waterproof board is provided on the outside of the second sprayed concrete layer.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:
[0014] 1. The structure of the utility model adds a steel arch frame as the main frame to the original open hole structure, and uses the first anchor spraying support and the second anchor spraying support as auxiliary support frames to provide support for the first sprayed concrete layer and the second sprayed concrete layer respectively, and can carry out anchor spraying layer by layer, that is, the open hole structure can also be constructed by the anchor spraying process, and the application scope of the anchor spraying process is further expanded, which has important practical significance and broad application prospects.
[0015] 2. The first anchor spraying support includes an inner longitudinal steel bar 1 and an inner annular main reinforcement provided on the inner side of the steel arch frame. The limiting connector is connected to the inner annular main reinforcement. A wire mesh serving as an outer formwork is provided on the outer side of the steel arch frame. In this way, the wire mesh serves as the outer formwork, and the first anchor spraying support serves as a supporting skeleton, thereby facilitating the spraying of the first sprayed concrete layer.
[0016] 3. The second anchor spraying support includes the outer longitudinal reinforcement 1 and the outer annular main reinforcement connected to the limiting reinforcement. The second anchor spraying support realizes the spraying anchor of the second sprayed concrete layer.
[0017] 4. The mounting seat is a steel arch frame B unit fixed to the first shotcrete layer, and the steel arch frame B unit is provided with outer annular main reinforcements of the steel arch frame A unit 1 which are spliced together to form the arch frame. In this way, the transportation and installation of the steel arch frame in the form of a unit body can be facilitated.
[0018] 5. Use anchor spraying technology to construct open hole structure. After solving the structural stability and construction technology, there is no need to splice the second lining trolley or set up formwork support, which saves cost and construction period and has great economic value.
[0019] 6. Both the open hole structure and the dark hole lining adopt the anchor spraying technology, which can reduce the overlap joints between the open and dark junctions.
[0020] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and research, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention to some extent. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be achieved and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model clearer, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure of the utility model.
[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the utility model steel arch frame installation.
[0024] Figure 3 This is the large-scale installation drawing of the utility model steel arch frame.
[0025] Figure 4 The utility model is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the open hole steel bar arrangement.
[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the steel frame and steel bars of the utility model.
[0027] Among them, the inverted arch reinforcement 1; the outer annular reinforcement of the inverted arch 1-1; the inner annular reinforcement of the inverted arch 1-2; the stirrups 1-3; the longitudinal reinforcement 1-4; the mounting seat 2; the steel arch frame 3; the longitudinal connecting device 4; the first anchor spraying support 5; the inner longitudinal reinforcement 5-1; the inner annular main reinforcement 5-2; the wire mesh 5-3; the first sprayed concrete layer 6; the limiting connector 7; the second anchor spraying support 8; the outer longitudinal reinforcement 8-1; the outer annular main reinforcement 8-2; the second sprayed concrete layer 9; the steel arch frame A unit 10; the reinforced concrete inverted arch 11; the mortar-laid rubble backfill 12; the soil and stone backfill 13; the waterproof clay layer 14. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than for limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
[0029] like Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, the utility model discloses an anchor-sprayed lining type open tunnel structure, which includes an inverted arch steel bar 1 arranged on the open tunnel foundation, specifically, the inverted arch steel bar 1 is composed of an outer annular steel bar 1-1 of the inverted arch, an inner annular steel bar 1-2 of the inverted arch, a stirrup 1-3 connecting the outer annular steel bar 1-1 of the inverted arch and the inner annular steel bar 1-2 of the inverted arch, and a longitudinal steel bar 1-4; a reinforced concrete inverted arch is cast on the inverted arch steel bar 1, and the left and right ends of the reinforced concrete inverted arch are both provided with a mounting seat 2 of a steel arch frame 3, and the mounting seat 2 has a steel arch frame 3, and the steel The arch frames 3 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the open hole, and longitudinal connection devices 4 are arranged between the steel arch frames 3. Specifically, the longitudinal connection devices 4 are longitudinal connection steel bars staggeredly connected to the steel arch frames 3; a first anchor spraying support 5 is arranged on the steel arch frame 3, a first sprayed concrete layer 6 is arranged on the first anchor spraying support 5, a limiting connection piece 7 extending to the outside of the first sprayed concrete layer 6 is arranged on the first anchor spraying support 5, a second anchor spraying support 8 is arranged at the end of the limiting connection piece 7, and a second sprayed concrete layer 9 is arranged on the second anchor spraying support 8. This structure adds the steel arch frame 3 as the main skeleton to the original open hole structure, and uses the first anchor spraying support 5 and the second anchor spraying support 8 as auxiliary support skeletons to provide support for the first sprayed concrete layer 6 and the second sprayed concrete layer 9 respectively, and can perform anchor spraying layer by layer, that is, the open hole structure can also be constructed by anchor spraying technology, and the application scope of the anchor spraying technology is further expanded, which has important practical significance and broad application prospects.
[0030] Furthermore, the first anchor spraying support 5 includes an inner longitudinal steel bar 5-1 and an inner annular main bar 5-2 provided on the inner side of the steel arch frame 3, and a limit connector 7 is connected to the inner annular main bar 5-2. A wire mesh 5-3 serving as an outer formwork is provided on the outer side of the steel arch frame 3. In this way, the wire mesh 5-3 serves as an outer formwork, and the first anchor spraying support 5 serves as a supporting skeleton, thereby facilitating the spraying of the first sprayed concrete layer 6.
[0031] Furthermore, the limiting connector 7 is a limiting steel bar, and the second anchor spraying support 8 includes an outer longitudinal steel bar 8-1 and an outer annular main bar 8-2 connected to the limiting steel bar. The second anchor spraying support 8 is used to realize the spraying anchor of the second sprayed concrete layer 9.
[0032] Furthermore, the mounting seat 2 is a steel arch frame B unit fixed to the first shotcrete layer 6, and a steel arch frame A unit 10 is provided on the steel arch frame B unit, which are spliced together to form an arch frame. Specifically, the steel arch frame A unit 10 and the steel arch frame B unit are both made of I-beams and are fixed by welding. In this way, the steel arch frame 3 can be easily transported and installed in the form of a unit body.
[0033] After the construction of the open hole is completed, a double-layer waterproof board is hung on the outside of the open hole, and then mortar-laid stone backfill 12, earth and stone backfill 13, and waterproof clay layer 14 are constructed to complete the construction of the anchor-sprayed open hole.
[0034] During construction, 1) open-cut foundation is excavated, and after the foundation meets the bearing capacity requirements, the inverted arch reinforcement is tied, including the inverted arch outer ring reinforcement 1-1, the inverted arch inner ring reinforcement 1-2, stirrups 1-3, and longitudinal reinforcement 1-4, and then the reinforced concrete inverted arch 11 is cast in situ;
[0035] 2) Before pouring concrete for the open hole invert, the mounting seat 2, i.e. the steel arch frame B unit, is pre-buried to facilitate the assembly of the steel arch frame 3;
[0036] 3) After the construction of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete inverted arch 11 is completed, the steel arch frame 3 is erected, including the steel arch frame A unit 10 and the longitudinal connecting device 4, i.e., the longitudinal connecting steel bars, so that the steel arch frame 3 forms a whole. 20 longitudinal connecting steel bars, with a spacing of 100 cm, are welded to the web of the I-beam, so that the I-beam forms a whole;
[0037] 4) After the construction of the steel arch frame 3 is completed, the inner longitudinal steel bars 5-1 are installed, and the inner longitudinal steel bars 5-1 are welded to the inner side of the steel arch frame 3, so that the steel arch frame 3 and the inner longitudinal steel bars 5-1 form a whole;
[0038] 5) Then install the inner annular main reinforcement 5-2, which is installed on the outer side of the inner longitudinal reinforcement 5-1, and then install the limiting connector 7, i.e., the limiting reinforcement, on the inner annular main reinforcement 5-2 to fix the outer annular main reinforcement 8-2 and the outer longitudinal reinforcement 8-1;
[0039] 6) After the installation of the limiting steel bars is completed, the wire mesh 5-3 is installed on the outside of the steel arch frame 3 as an outer formwork, and then the first layer of shotcrete is constructed on the inside of the steel arch frame;
[0040] 7) Construction of the first layer of 24.9cm thick C30 shotcrete on the inner side of Myeongdong;
[0041] 8) After the shotcrete construction on the inner side of the open hole is completed, the outer annular main reinforcement 8-2 and the outer longitudinal reinforcement 8-1 are installed based on the limit reinforcement;
[0042] 9) Construction of the second layer of 35.1m thick C30 shotcrete outside the Myeongdong;
[0043] 11) After the construction of the open hole is completed, a double-layer waterproof board is hung on the outside of the open hole, and then mortar-laid stone backfill 12, soil and stone backfill 13, and waterproof clay layer 14 are constructed to complete the construction of the anchor-sprayed open hole.
[0044] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model, and does not limit the confidentiality of the utility model in any form. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the utility model without departing from the technical solution of the utility model still falls within the scope of the technical solution of the utility model.
Claims
1. An anchor-sprayed lining open-cut structure, comprising an inverted arch steel bar (1) arranged on an open-cut foundation, characterized in that: A reinforced concrete inverted arch is cast on an inverted arch steel bar (1); a mounting seat (2) for a steel arch frame (3) is provided at both the left and right ends of the reinforced concrete inverted arch; the steel arch frames (3) are provided on the mounting seat (2); the steel arch frames (3) are distributed along the longitudinal direction of the open hole; longitudinal connection devices (4) are provided between the steel arch frames (3); a first anchor spraying support (5) is provided on the steel arch frame (3); a first sprayed concrete layer (6) is provided on the first anchor spraying support (5); a limiting connector (7) extending toward the outside of the first sprayed concrete layer (6) is provided on the first anchor spraying support (5); a second anchor spraying support (8) is provided at the end of the limiting connector (7); and a second sprayed concrete layer (9) is provided on the second anchor spraying support (8).
2. The anchor-sprayed lining open hole structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The longitudinal connection device (4) is a longitudinal connection steel bar which is staggeredly connected to the steel arch frame (3).
3. The anchor-sprayed lining open hole structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first anchor spray support (5) comprises inner longitudinal reinforcement (5-1) and inner annular main reinforcement (5-2) provided on the inner side of the steel arch frame (3), the limiting connector (7) is connected to the inner annular main reinforcement (5-2), and a wire mesh (5-3) serving as an outer formwork is provided on the outer side of the steel arch frame (3).
4. The anchor-sprayed lining open hole structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The limiting connecting piece (7) is a limiting steel bar, and the second anchor spray support (8) comprises an outer longitudinal steel bar (8-1) and an outer annular main steel bar (8-2) connected to the limiting steel bar.
5. The anchor-sprayed lining open hole structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mounting seat (2) is a steel arch frame B unit fixed to the first sprayed concrete layer (6), and steel arch frame A units (10) are provided on the steel arch frame B unit and are spliced to form an arch frame.
6. The anchor-sprayed lining open hole structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inverted arch reinforcement (1) is composed of an inverted arch outer annular reinforcement (1-1), an inverted arch inner annular reinforcement (1-2), stirrups (1-3) connecting the inverted arch outer annular reinforcement (1-1) and the inverted arch inner annular reinforcement (1-2), and longitudinal reinforcement (1-4).
7. The anchor-sprayed lining open-cut structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A double-layer waterproof board is provided on the outer side of the second sprayed concrete layer (9).