Hail prefabrication equipment for engine hail absorption test

Abstract

The utility model relates to hail prefabricating equipment for an engine hail absorption test. The hail prefabricating equipment comprises a cylinder body and a driving mechanism for driving the cylinder body to rotate around the axis of the cylinder body, a prefabricated cavity is formed in the cylinder body, a plurality of openings are formed in the side portion of the cylinder body, a plurality of throwing openings are formed in one end of the cylinder body, a plurality of launching openings are formed in the other end of the cylinder body, and the openings, the throwing openings and the launching openings are all communicated with the prefabricated cavity; the device further comprises an opening and closing piece capable of closing or opening the launching opening. According to the hail prefabricating equipment for the engine hail absorption test, hail required by the test can be conveniently produced in real time, when the hail prefabricating equipment is used, the launching opening of the cylinder body is right opposite to an air inlet of an engine, finished hail produced in the prefabricating cavity can quickly enter the air inlet of the engine, the hail does not need to be transferred, and operation is convenient. And the hail is effectively prevented from being damaged in the transfer process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of engine hail absorption test, in particular to hail prefabrication equipment used for engine hail absorption test. Background Art

[0002] Civil aircraft often encounter hail weather during operation. When the engine inhales hail, it may suffer mechanical damage and unacceptable power or thrust loss, posing a danger to the safe operation of the aircraft.

[0003] In order to verify the ability of aircraft engines to operate normally under severe weather conditions such as rain and hail, Article 33.78 of my country's airworthiness regulations "Aircraft Engine Airworthiness Regulations" stipulates the technical requirements for the airworthiness certification of engines inhaling large hail particles and engines encountering hailstorms. This requirement puts forward clear size requirements for hail in the engine hail inhalation test. The assessment objectives of the engine inhalation of large hail particles test are mainly aimed at mechanical damage caused by insufficient structural strength of the engine compressor, especially the fan, as well as power or thrust loss caused by mechanical damage or requiring engine shutdown.

[0004] The manufacturing method and size of large hail particles are important factors that affect the impact energy of hail on engine compressor parts, and directly affect the severity of the test. The assessment objectives of the engine encountering hailstorm tests mainly include two aspects: on the one hand, the assessment is the impact of cold working fluid formed by the engine suddenly and continuously inhaling a large amount of hail, causing engine flameout, downshifting, surge and stall, etc. On the other hand, the assessment is the sudden and continuous inhalation of a large amount of hail by the engine, causing ice accumulation in the compressor or a large amount of hail blocking the compressor bleed valve, causing mechanical damage to the engine, abnormal operation, power or thrust loss, etc. The manufacturing method and size of hail directly affect the amount of water inhaled into the engine compressor when the engine encounters a hailstorm. At the same time, the larger the size of the hail, the greater the risk of ice accumulation in the compressor or blocking the compressor bleed valve. Therefore, the manufacturing method and size of hail are important factors affecting the engine hail absorption airworthiness certification test.

[0005] The formation of hail in nature is a complex process. Generally, when hail falls, there is often "thunderstorm" weather accompanying it. Hail is born in a strong cumulonimbus cloud, which is called a hail cloud. Hail clouds are composed of water droplets, ice crystals and snowflakes, and are generally divided into three layers: the bottom layer is above 0℃ and is composed of water droplets; the middle layer is -20~0℃ and is composed of supercooled water droplets, ice crystals and snowflakes; the top layer is below -20℃ and is basically composed of ice crystals and snowflakes. In a hail cloud, the updraft is unpredictable, sometimes strong and sometimes weak. When the updraft is strong, it brings the water droplets at the bottom of the cloud to the middle and upper layers of the cloud, and the water droplets quickly cool and solidify into small ice crystals. During the descent, the small ice crystals collide with the supercooled water droplets and freeze on the small ice crystals to form an opaque ice nucleus, forming a hail embryo. As the air flow in the hail cloud changes dramatically, the hail embryos continue to roll up and down in the air, attaching more supercooled water droplets and growing in a snowball manner. When the rising air flow can no longer support the growing hail, it falls to the ground and forms hail.

[0006] Therefore, the conditions for the formation of hail in nature can be summarized as follows: 1. There must be a fairly thick unstable layer in the atmosphere; 2. Cumulonimbus clouds must develop to a height where individual large water droplets can freeze (generally believed to be a temperature of -16 to -12°C); 3. There must be strong wind shear; 4. The vertical thickness of the cloud cannot be less than 6 to 8 kilometers; 5. Cumulonimbus clouds are rich in water, generally 3 to 8 grams per cubic meter, and there is an accumulation zone of liquid supercooled water above the maximum ascent speed; 6. There should be inclined, strong and uneven updrafts in the cloud, generally 10 to 20 meters per second or more.

[0007] At present, engine manufacturers around the world usually use molds of different diameters to hold water and freeze it in a refrigerator to form hail for hail suction tests. This manufacturing method is different from the formation principle of hail in nature, resulting in differences in the internal structure of hail used in hail suction airworthiness certification tests and hail sucked into the aircraft engine during flight. At the same time, this hail manufacturing method must be completed before the hail suction airworthiness certification test, and the size of the sucked hail cannot be adjusted in real time during the hail suction airworthiness certification test. There is also a risk of hail damage during the transportation of hail from the refrigerator to the hail launcher.

[0008] Therefore, in order to truly simulate the impact of hail weather on the normal operation of the engine, it is necessary to study a hail prefabrication equipment for engine hail absorption test based on the formation principle of hail in nature. Utility Model Content

[0009] In view of the defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a hail prefabrication device for engine hail absorption test, so as to produce the hail required for the test in real time.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a hail prefabrication device for engine hail absorption test, including a cylinder and a driving mechanism for driving the cylinder to rotate around its own axis; the cylinder has a prefabricated cavity inside, the side of the cylinder is provided with a plurality of openings, one end of the cylinder is provided with a plurality of delivery ports, the other end is provided with a plurality of launch ports, the openings, the delivery ports and the launch ports are all connected with the prefabricated cavity; and also includes an opening and closing member capable of closing or opening the launch port.

[0011] Preferably, the opening is a strip-shaped opening, and a plurality of the openings are evenly distributed around the circumference of the axis of the cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, a launching sleeve is installed at the launching port, the inner circumference of the launching sleeve forms a launching cavity, and the launching cavity is gradually contracted in a direction away from the prefabricated cavity; the opening and closing member is connected to the launching sleeve.

[0013] Preferably, the launching sleeve is detachably connected to the barrel.

[0014] Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises a rotating shaft and a motor driving the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft is coaxially connected to the cylinder in a non-rotatable manner.

[0015] Preferably, the rotating shaft passes through both ends of the cylinder.

[0016] Preferably, the cylinder body includes a cylindrical side plate with the opening provided on the side plate; cone sleeves are connected to both ends of the side plate, and the cone sleeves are gradually tapered in a direction away from the side plate, and two ends of the cone sleeves away from the side plate are connected to end plates, and the two end plates are respectively provided with the delivery port and the launch port.

[0017] The utility model has the following beneficial effects: the hail prefabrication equipment for engine hail absorption test of the utility model is convenient for real-time production of hail required for the test. When in use, the launch port of the cylinder is directly opposite to the air intake of the engine, and the finished hail produced in the prefabrication cavity can quickly enter the air intake of the engine without the need to transport the hail, which effectively avoids the situation where the hail is damaged during transportation. In addition, the utility model can simulate the formation process of hail in nature, so that the hail used in the test is closer to the naturally generated hail in nature. During production, frozen ice nuclei are dropped into the prefabrication cavity from the drop-in port. When the ice nuclei are dropped,

[0018] When entering the prefabricated cavity, the cold and humid air enters the prefabricated cavity and contacts the ice nucleus. When the cylinder rotates, the cold and humid air entering the prefabricated cavity through the opening can form an inclined airflow, that is, wind shear, which can simulate the real hail formation environment. The ice nucleus rolls up and down in the prefabricated cavity and continues to grow in a low temperature environment. The hail formed by this method will have a layered structure similar to the hail produced in nature. Finally, the hail that meets the size specified by the test conditions is discharged from the launch port and sucked into the engine, completing the hail suction test. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation of the utility model or the technical solution in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific implementation or the prior art description. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, each element or part is not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0020] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the hail prefabrication equipment used for engine hail absorption test according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the hail prefabrication equipment for engine hail absorption test according to the embodiment of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 The utility model is a cross-sectional view of a hail prefabrication device for engine hail absorption test according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0023] Reference numerals:

[0024] 1-cylinder; 11-side plate; 111-opening; 12-cone sleeve; 13-end plate; 131-dropping port; 14-prefabricated cavity; 15-launching sleeve; 151-launching cavity; 2-rotating shaft; 3-motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Here, it should be noted that the functions and methods involved in the present invention are merely conventional adaptive applications of the prior art. Therefore, the improvement of the present invention on the prior art is essentially the connection relationship between the hardware, rather than the functions and methods themselves. That is, although the present invention involves some functions and methods, it does not include improvements to the functions and methods themselves. The description of the functions and methods in the present invention is to better illustrate the present invention so as to better understand the present invention.

[0026] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the utility model are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the utility model.

[0027] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should have the common meanings understood by technicians in the field to which the utility model belongs.

[0028] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a hail prefabrication device for engine hail absorption test, including a cylinder 1 and a driving mechanism for driving the cylinder 1 to rotate around its own axis, the driving mechanism specifically includes a rotating shaft 2 and a motor 3 for driving the rotating shaft 2 to rotate, the rotating shaft 2 is coaxially connected to the cylinder 1 and fixedly connected, the motor 3 can drive the rotating shaft 2 to rotate, and then drive the cylinder 1 to rotate around its own axis.

[0029] The above-mentioned cylinder 1 includes a cylindrical side plate 11, and conical sleeves 12 are connected to both ends of the side plate 11. The conical sleeves 12 are gradually arranged in a direction away from the side plate 11, and one end of the two conical sleeves 12 away from the side plate 11 is connected to an end plate 13. The above-mentioned rotating shaft 2 passes through both ends of the cylinder 1 and is connected to the two end plates 13 to prevent rotation.

[0030] The cylinder 1 is a rotating body, and has a prefabricated cavity 14 inside, and a plurality of strip-shaped openings 111 communicating with the prefabricated cavity 14 are provided on the side plate 11, and the plurality of openings 111 are evenly distributed around the axis of the cylinder 1. A delivery port 131 and a launch port communicating with the prefabricated cavity 14 are respectively provided on the two end plates 13, and the delivery port 131 is located on the side close to the motor 3.

[0031] A conical launching sleeve 15 is installed at the launching port. The inner circumference of the launching sleeve 15 forms a launching cavity 151 . The launching cavity 151 is gradually contracted in a direction away from the prefabricated cavity 14 .

[0032] Furthermore, an opening and closing member (not shown in the figure) is connected to the end of the launching sleeve 15 away from the prefabricated cavity 14, and the opening and closing member is used to open or close the above-mentioned launching port. The opening and closing member can be a sealing plug inserted into the launching sleeve 15, or a sealing cover threadedly connected to the end of the launching sleeve 15. In practice, opening and closing members of other structures can also be used as long as they can meet the function of opening or closing the launching port.

[0033] The hail prefabrication equipment for engine hail absorption test of this embodiment is convenient for real-time production of hail required for the test, and can simulate the formation process of hail in nature, so that the hail used in the test is closer to the hail naturally produced in nature.

[0034] When the ice nucleus is dropped into the prefabricated cavity 14, cold and humid air enters the prefabricated cavity 14 from bottom to top through the opening 111 and contacts the ice nucleus. When the cylinder 1 rotates, the cold and humid air entering the prefabricated cavity 14 through the opening 111 can form an inclined airflow, that is, wind shear, which can simulate the real hail formation environment. In addition, the ice nucleus rolls up and down in the prefabricated cavity 14 and continues to grow in a low temperature environment. The hail formed by this method will have a layered structure similar to the hail produced in nature. Finally, the opening and closing parts are opened, the launch port is opened, and the formed hail is blown into the engine through the launch sleeve 15 by the axial airflow blowing toward the launch sleeve 15. The size of the small diameter end of the launch cavity 151 is limited to the hail of the size specified by the test conditions to be discharged from the launch port and sucked into the engine, completing the hail suction test, while hail of larger size cannot pass through the launch cavity 151. The hail produced by this equipment can quickly enter the engine air intake after being formed, without the need to transport the hail, effectively preventing the hail from being damaged during transportation.

[0035] Of course, in practice, in order to facilitate the screening of hailstones that meet the specified size, the launch sleeve 15 can be designed to be detachably connected to the barrel 1, so as to facilitate the replacement of launch sleeves 15 of different sizes. Specifically, the launch sleeve 15 can be designed to be threadedly connected to the launch port of the barrel 1 to achieve detachability. In addition, in practice, the launch sleeve 15 can also be designed to be telescopic, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the launch amount of hailstones. The structure of the telescopic launch sleeve can refer to the launch sleeve structure disclosed in the utility model patent CN212007803U.

[0036] Furthermore, the prefabrication process of the hail prefabrication equipment for the engine hail absorption test in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:

[0037] (1) Freezing to generate multiple ice nuclei;

[0038] (2) The motor 3 is started, driving the cylinder 1 to rotate, and at the same time, releasing cold and moist air into the prefabricated cavity 14 through the opening 111;

[0039] (3) placing the ice core into the prefabricated cavity 14 through the delivery port 131;

[0040] (4) After the predetermined time has elapsed, the opening and closing member is opened, and an axial airflow is introduced into the prefabricated cavity 14, so that the finished hail in the prefabricated cavity 14 is ejected from the ejection sleeve 15;

[0041] (5) Turn off the motor.

[0042] Specifically, the diameter of the ice nucleus generated by freezing in this embodiment does not exceed 50% of the diameter of the finished hail, and the ice nucleus cannot pass through the opening 111, that is, the width of the opening 111 is smaller than the diameter of the ice nucleus. The design of the opening 111 can facilitate the passage of cold and humid air and screen out smaller hail. During the rotation of the cylinder 1, if the hail is accidentally hit and broken, the small pieces of hail can be discharged from the opening 111.

[0043] In addition, in this embodiment, the cold and humid air enters the prefabricated cavity 14 from the bottom of the cylinder 1 to form an upward airflow. The cold and humid air can be generated by an industrial air cooler, and the axial airflow that blows the finally formed hail out of the launching sleeve 15 can be generated by a fan or an air cannon.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the utility model, rather than to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the utility model.

Claims

1. A hail prefabrication device for engine hail absorption test, characterized in that: include: A cylinder and a driving mechanism for driving the cylinder to rotate around its own axis; The cylinder has a prefabricated cavity inside, and a plurality of openings are arranged on the side of the cylinder. One end of the cylinder is provided with a plurality of delivery ports, and the other end is provided with a plurality of launch ports, and the openings, the delivery ports and the launch ports are all connected to the prefabricated cavity; It also includes an opening and closing member capable of closing or opening the launch port.

2. The hail prefabrication equipment for engine hail absorption test according to claim 1 is characterized by: The opening is a strip-shaped opening, and a plurality of the openings are evenly distributed around the circumference of the axis of the cylinder.

3. The hail prefabrication equipment for engine hail absorption test according to claim 1, characterized in that: A launching sleeve is installed at the launching port, and the inner circumference of the launching sleeve forms a launching cavity, which is gradually contracted in the direction away from the prefabricated cavity; the opening and closing member is connected to the launching sleeve.

4. The hail prefabrication equipment for engine hail absorption test according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The launching sleeve is detachably connected to the barrel.

5. The hail prefabrication equipment for engine hail absorption test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a rotating shaft and a motor for driving the rotating shaft to rotate, and the rotating shaft is coaxially connected with the cylinder body to prevent rotation.

6. The hail prefabrication equipment for engine hail absorption test according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotating shaft passes through both ends of the cylinder.

7. The hail prefabrication equipment for engine hail absorption test according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder comprises a cylindrical side plate, and the side plate is provided with the opening; Both ends of the side plates are connected with cone sleeves which are gradually contracted in a direction away from the side plates, and one end of the two cone sleeves away from the side plates is connected with end plates, on which the delivery port and the launching port are respectively provided.

Images