Soilless culture substrate

Abstract

The utility model provides a soilless culture substrate. The soilless culture substrate comprises a first surface layer, a spacing layer and a second surface layer, the first surface layer is a first knitted fabric layer which is formed by simultaneously weaving first multifilament yarns and one or more rows of warps into loops and mutually intermeshing and weaving; a plurality of meshes are formed in the first surface layer; the spacing layer is arranged at the bottom of the first surface layer; the spacing layer is a second knitted fabric layer formed by knitting monofilament yarns and second multifilament yarns with high water absorption by using independent guide bars; the second surface layer is arranged at the bottom of the spacing layer; and the second surface layer is a third knitted fabric layer which is formed by simultaneously knitting third multifilament yarns and one or more rows of warps into loops and mutually intermeshing and knitting. By means of the method, the problem of coordination of water, fertilizer and gas in the soilless culture technology can be effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soilless cultivation, and in particular to a soilless cultivation substrate. Background Art

[0002] The soilless cultivation technology in the existing technology uses water, gravel, foam plastics, porous expanded clay, etc. as media to cultivate and fix plants, so that the prepared nutrient solution directly contacts the plant roots, thereby artificially creating a good environment and nutritional conditions for the growth of crop roots, promoting the growth and development of plants, and improving the cultivation effect.

[0003] According to the different cultivation media, soilless cultivation technology can be divided into hydroponic technology (such as Figure 1 As shown), aeroponic technology (as Figure 2 as shown) and substrate cultivation techniques (as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, there are three technologies, including hydroponic technology, hydroponic technology, and hydroponic technology. Among them, in hydroponic technology, a floating perforated foam plastic board is usually used as a substrate to float on the nutrient solution, and the roots of the plants are immersed in the nutrient solution through the holes on the foam plastic board to achieve the purpose of soilless cultivation of plants. The advantage of this hydroponic technology is that the roots are directly in full contact with the nutrient solution, and the disadvantage is that since the roots are immersed in the nutrient solution, the concentration and temperature of the nutrient solution formula are high, and it is easy to cause water-gas contradictions due to factors such as power outages, affecting the healthy growth of plants, so there is an oxygen-deficient water-gas contradiction. In fog culture technology, the roots of the plants are usually fixed on a suspended substrate, and then the nutrient solution is atomized into small droplets through a spray device such as an atomizing nozzle, and directly sprayed to the plant roots to provide the water and nutrients required for plant growth. Although this fog culture technology solves the water-gas contradiction, its device requirements are extremely high, which greatly limits the promotion and utilization of this technology; in addition, hydroponic and fog culture technologies also need to use a substrate to fix the roots of crops during seedling cultivation. In substrate cultivation technology, a solid substrate (medium) is usually used to fix the plant roots, and the roots absorb nutrient solution and oxygen through the substrate. In most cases, this substrate cultivation technology (for example, coconut shells, humus, etc.) coordinates water, fertilizer, and air, provides sufficient supply, has low equipment investment, is convenient for local materials, and has excellent and stable production performance. However, the disadvantages are: the substrate is large in volume, and residual root processing is required during filling, disinfection, and reuse, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and difficult.

[0004] Therefore, it can be seen that the choice of substrate for soilless cultivation technology becomes a very critical factor, which will directly affect the quality of crop growth and the benefits of soilless cultivation production. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the utility model provides a soilless culture substrate, thereby effectively improving the coordination problem of water, fertilizer and air in soilless culture technology.

[0006] The technical solution of the utility model is specifically achieved as follows:

[0007] A soilless cultivation substrate, comprising: a first surface layer, a spacer layer and a second surface layer;

[0008] The first surface layer is a first knitted fabric layer formed by knitting a first multifilament yarn and one or more rows of warp yarns into loops and interlacing with each other; a plurality of mesh holes are arranged on the first surface layer;

[0009] The spacer layer is arranged at the bottom of the first surface layer; the spacer layer is a second knitted fabric layer knitted by using a pair of independent combing bars of monofilament yarn and a second multifilament yarn with high water absorption;

[0010] The second surface layer is arranged at the bottom of the spacer layer; the second surface layer is a third knitted fabric layer which is knitted with a third multifilament yarn and one or more rows of warp threads knitted into loops and interlaced with each other.

[0011] Preferably, the first multifilament yarn and the third multifilament yarn are made of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane and polyethylene.

[0012] Preferably, the first multifilament yarn and the third multifilament yarn are polypropylene yarns.

[0013] Preferably, the ratio of the monofilament yarn in the spacer layer to the second multifilament yarn with high water absorption is 1:1.

[0014] Preferably, the weaving structure of the monofilament yarn is V-shaped or X-shaped cross-weaving to form a triangular structure.

[0015] Preferably, the diameter of the monofilament yarn ranges from 0.055 mm to 0.4 mm.

[0016] Preferably, the braiding structure of the second multifilament yarn is I-shaped.

[0017] Preferably, the second multifilament yarn is super absorbent fiber PSA.

[0018] As can be seen above, in the soilless cultivation substrate of the utility model, a plurality of mesh holes are arranged in the first surface layer, so that it is convenient to place or embed seeds and ensure air permeability; the second surface layer is a plane as a whole, and no mesh holes are arranged to prevent seeds from falling; the spacer layer is a combination of monofilament yarn and multifilament yarn, in which a plurality of monofilament yarns can form an upright structure, so that the support, stability and air permeability of the material can be ensured, and a large number of cavities are formed for the growth and fixation of the plant root system; and the multifilament yarn can ensure the water locking property of the material, and the capillary movement of the yarn can evenly transport, disperse and lock the nutrient solution, so as to effectively improve the coordination problem of water, fertilizer and air in the soilless cultivation technology, improve the economic benefit, and it is easy to use, can be used for three-dimensional cultivation, and improve the utilization rate of space. In addition, since the material of the soilless cultivation substrate itself has support, air permeability and water locking properties, it can effectively reduce the equipment investment of soilless cultivation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the hydroponic technology in the prior art.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the aeroponic technology in the prior art.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the substrate cultivation technology in the prior art.

[0022] Figure 4 The structure of the soilless cultivation substrate in the specific embodiment of the utility model is shown in FIG. Figure 1 .

[0023] Figure 5 The structure of the soilless cultivation substrate in the specific embodiment of the utility model is shown in FIG. Figure 2 .

[0024] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a soilless cultivation substrate in a specific embodiment of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] Figures 4 to 6 Schematic diagram of the soilless cultivation substrate in the embodiment of the utility model. Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the soilless cultivation substrate in the embodiment of the present application is a three-dimensional knitted fabric woven in one piece, and the soilless cultivation substrate may include: a first surface layer 11, a spacer layer 12, and a second surface layer 13;

[0027] The first surface layer 11 is a first knitted fabric layer formed by knitting the first multifilament yarn 101 and one or more rows of warp yarns into loops and interlacing with each other; a plurality of meshes 102 are provided on the first surface layer 11;

[0028] The spacer layer 12 is arranged at the bottom of the first surface layer 11; the spacer layer 12 is a second knitted fabric layer knitted by using a pair of independent combs of monofilament yarn 201 and a second multifilament yarn 202 with high water absorption;

[0029] The second surface layer 13 is arranged at the bottom of the spacer layer 12; the second surface layer 13 is a third knitted fabric layer which is knitted with the third multifilament yarn 301 and one or more rows of warp threads knitted into loops and interlaced with each other.

[0030] In the technical solution of the present application, the above-mentioned soilless cultivation substrate is a three-dimensional knitted fabric woven in one piece, with a total of three layers, wherein the first surface layer is woven from the first multifilament yarn and is provided with a plurality of mesh holes (the size of the mesh holes can be pre-designed or set according to the size of the seeds in the actual application scenario), so as to facilitate the placement or embedding of seeds and ensure air permeability; the second surface layer is woven from the first multifilament yarn, and the whole is a plane, without mesh holes to prevent seeds from falling; the spacer layer is a combination of monofilament yarn (i.e., a continuous filament spun by a single-hole spinneret) and the second multifilament yarn, and is woven by an independent comb; the independent comb goes back and forth between the two needle beds to pad the yarn, and on the one hand, it can participate in the weaving of the upper and lower surfaces (i.e., the first surface layer and the second surface layer), and on the other hand, it can make the multiple monofilament yarns in the second knitted fabric layer form an upright structure, and the upper and lower ends of the upright structure are respectively connected to the first surface layer and the second surface layer, thereby connecting the upper and lower first surface layers and the second surface layers. Among them, the use of monofilament yarn can ensure the support, stability and air permeability of the material, and form a large number of cavities for the growth and fixation of the plant roots; while the use of the second type of multifilament yarn with high water absorption can ensure the water-locking property of the material, and the capillary movement of the yarn can evenly transport, disperse and lock the nutrient solution, thereby effectively improving the coordination problem of water, fertilizer and air in soilless cultivation technology.

[0031] Therefore, when using the soilless cultivation substrate in the present application, seeds can be pre-placed in the factory, that is, plant seeds are placed in the mesh with a certain fiber density of the first surface layer in the factory or indoors, and then rolled and transported to the site where they are to be laid. After the soilless cultivation substrate is laid flat, it can be sprayed with water prepared with nutrient solution. The highly water-absorbent multifilament yarn in the soilless cultivation substrate will expand in volume after absorbing water, thereby providing nutrients and fixing the plant roots (such as Figure 6In addition, the overall material of the soilless cultivation substrate is a knitted fabric with gaps between yarns, thereby retaining the air permeability of the knitted fabric.

[0032] In addition, in the technical solution of the present application, the above-mentioned soilless cultivation substrate can be realized through a variety of specific implementation methods. The following will take several specific methods as examples to introduce the technical solution of the present application in detail.

[0033] In addition, as an example, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the material of the first multifilament yarn and the third multifilament yarn can be one or more materials selected from polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane and polyethylene.

[0034] For example, as an example, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the first multifilament yarn and the third multifilament yarn can be polypropylene yarns, or other suitable yarns.

[0035] In addition, in the technical solution of the present application, the ratio of the monofilament yarn and the second multifilament yarn in the spacer layer can be preset according to the needs of the actual application scenario.

[0036] For example, as an example, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the monofilament yarn in the spacer layer to the second multifilament yarn with high water absorption can be 1:1, or other suitable ratios.

[0037] In the technical solution of the present application, the above-mentioned monofilament yarn and the second multifilament yarn with high water absorption can be woven by independent combs to control the yarn inlay.

[0038] In addition, as an example, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the weaving structure of the monofilament yarn can be V-shaped or X-shaped cross-weaving to form a triangular structure.

[0039] The monofilament yarn in the above-mentioned spacer layer is relatively stiff, and its hardness and toughness can produce a bending rebound effect similar to that of an elastic rod. Therefore, a large number of upright monofilament yarns can make the spacer layer support the upper and lower surface layers, which can effectively maintain the stability of the fabric support and form a large number of cavities for the growth and fixation of plant roots.

[0040] In addition, as an example, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the diameter of the monofilament yarn may be in the range of 0.055 millimeters (mm) to 0.4 mm.

[0041] The larger the diameter of the monofilament yarn, the greater its hardness, and the stronger its support performance and bending rebound effect. Therefore, the diameter of the monofilament yarn can be predetermined according to the needs of the actual application scenario.

[0042] In addition, as an example, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the braiding structure of the second multifilament yarn can be I-shaped, so as to save yarn length and cavity volume.

[0043] In addition, as an example, in a specific embodiment of the present application, the second multifilament yarn may be a super absorbent fiber (PSA); the PSA may be obtained by spinning after modification of polyacrylic acid. By using the super absorbent fiber, the water supply can be effectively maintained.

[0044] In summary, in the technical solution of the present application, the soilless cultivation substrate is a three-dimensional knitted fabric woven into an integral shape, and is a soilless cultivation material with a three-dimensional knitted fabric as a matrix, wherein a plurality of mesh holes are arranged in the first surface layer, so that it is convenient to place or embed seeds and ensure air permeability; the second surface layer is a plane as a whole, and no mesh holes are arranged to prevent seeds from falling; the spacer layer is a combination of monofilament yarn and multifilament yarn, wherein a plurality of monofilament yarns can form an upright structure, so that the support, stability and air permeability of the material can be ensured, and a large number of cavities are formed for the growth and fixation of the plant root system; and the multifilament yarn can ensure the water locking property of the material, and the capillary motion of the yarn can evenly transport, disperse and lock the nutrient solution, thereby effectively improving the coordination problem of water, fertilizer and air in the soilless cultivation technology, improving economic benefits, and being easy to use, three-dimensional cultivation can be carried out, and the utilization rate of space can be improved. In addition, since the material of the soilless cultivation substrate itself has support, air permeability and water locking properties, the equipment investment of soilless cultivation can be effectively reduced.

[0045] Therefore, the soilless cultivation substrate in the present application is a three-dimensional textile material with water absorption and water lock functions, which can replace the function of soil and plant various plants. In addition, since textile materials are used, the soilless cultivation substrate in the present application also has the characteristics of easy rolling and easy division, so it is easy to transport and use.

[0046] The soilless cultivation substrate in the present application is particularly suitable for implementing greening projects in urban squares, vertical greening and sites without soil (for example, cement, asphalt, gravel, etc.); in addition, the soilless cultivation substrate in the present application can also pre-design the material's thickness, density, water absorption and other performance parameters according to the root characteristics of different plants, and pre-set the material's thickness, mesh size, spacing, etc., so it is particularly suitable for temporary lawn greening in cities, and it can also be easily removed when it is not needed.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soilless cultivation substrate, characterized in that: The soilless cultivation substrate comprises: a first surface layer, a spacer layer and a second surface layer; The first surface layer is a first knitted fabric layer formed by knitting a first multifilament yarn and one or more rows of warp threads into loops and interlacing with each other; a plurality of mesh holes are arranged on the first surface layer; The spacer layer is arranged at the bottom of the first surface layer; the spacer layer is a second knitted fabric layer knitted by using a pair of independent combing bars of monofilament yarn and a second multifilament yarn with high water absorption; The second surface layer is arranged at the bottom of the spacer layer; the second surface layer is a third knitted fabric layer which is knitted with a third multifilament yarn and one or more rows of warp threads knitted into loops and interlaced with each other.

2. The soilless cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The materials of the first multifilament yarn and the third multifilament yarn are one or more materials selected from the group consisting of polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane and polyethylene.

3. The soilless cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first multifilament yarn and the third multifilament yarn are polypropylene yarns.

4. The soilless cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the monofilament yarn and the second multifilament yarn with high water absorption in the spacer layer is 1:

1.

5. The soilless cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monofilament yarn has a weaving structure of V-shaped or X-shaped cross weaving to form a triangular structure.

6. The soilless cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the monofilament yarn ranges from 0.055 mm to 0.4 mm.

7. The soilless culture substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The braided structure of the second multifilament yarn is I-shaped.

8. The soilless cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second multifilament yarn is a super absorbent fiber PSA.

Images