Vibration monitoring device and avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system

Abstract

The utility model provides a vibration monitoring device and an avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system, and relates to the technical field of disaster monitoring. The vibration monitoring device comprises a plurality of vibration detection pieces, the vibration detection pieces are used for detecting vibration information of a monitoring area, the plurality of vibration detection pieces are located under the earth surface of a slope surface of the monitoring area, and the plurality of vibration detection pieces are arranged at intervals from the highest point to the lowest point of the slope surface of the monitoring area. And the horizontal heights of the plurality of vibration detection pieces are gradually increased from the highest point to the lowest point of the slope surface of the monitoring area. According to the vibration monitoring device, the vibration detection piece can vibrate or move with the same speed and frequency along with the slope body of the monitoring area when avalanche occurs, so that the probability that the vibration detection piece is moved and damaged can be reduced, and the service life of the vibration monitoring device can be prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of disaster monitoring, and in particular to a vibration monitoring device and an avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system. Background Art

[0002] Avalanche monitoring mainly relies on long-term geological monitoring methods to provide effective early warning and help people improve their response measures. Due to technical and data limitations, early warning mainly relies on vibration monitoring methods. The vibration monitoring method is to embed vibration monitoring devices at monitoring points to measure the ground vibration caused by the sliding of snow carrying a large amount of boulders and debris when an avalanche disaster occurs, so as to understand the dynamic changes and development trends of geological disaster bodies.

[0003] However, since avalanches drive ground vibrations, the vibration sensors of the vibration monitoring devices are easily damaged, resulting in the need for frequent replacement or repair of the vibration monitoring devices and a short overall service life. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and to provide a vibration monitoring device and an avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system, which can enable the vibration detection component to vibrate or move at the same speed and frequency as the slope in the monitoring area when an avalanche occurs, thereby reducing the probability of the vibration detection component being damaged by movement, and is conducive to extending the service life of the vibration monitoring device.

[0005] This application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a vibration monitoring device, the vibration monitoring device comprising:

[0007] A plurality of vibration detectors are provided, wherein the vibration detectors are used to detect vibration information of a monitoring area, the plurality of vibration detectors are located below the surface of a slope of the monitoring area, the plurality of vibration detectors are arranged at intervals from the highest point to the lowest point of the slope of the monitoring area, and the horizontal heights of the plurality of vibration detectors gradually increase from the highest point to the lowest point of the slope of the monitoring area.

[0008] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the vibration monitoring device further includes:

[0009] The pipe fitting has a first wiring harness channel and an insertion end, the first wiring harness channel is extended along the extension direction of the pipe fitting, and the insertion end is passed through the ground of the monitoring area from top to bottom, the vibration detector is connected to the insertion end, and the cable connected to the vibration detector is passed through the first wiring harness channel.

[0010] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the vibration detection component includes a triaxial vibration velocity sensor, and the triaxial vibration velocity sensor is located below the surface of the slope of the monitoring area.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present application also provides an avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system, the avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system comprising a control and early warning device, a temperature monitoring device, a snowfall monitoring device, a wind speed monitoring device and a vibration monitoring device as described in any one of the above embodiments, the temperature monitoring device, the snowfall monitoring device, the wind speed monitoring device and the vibration monitoring device are electrically connected to the control and early warning device respectively; wherein

[0012] The temperature monitoring device is used to monitor the temperature information in the monitoring area;

[0013] The snowfall monitoring device is used to monitor the snow thickness information in the monitoring area;

[0014] The wind speed monitoring device is used to monitor the wind speed information in the monitoring area;

[0015] The control and warning device is used to receive and process the temperature information, the snow thickness information and the wind speed information, and can determine whether to issue a warning message based on the processing results.

[0016] In one embodiment of the second aspect, the avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system further includes:

[0017] A base, the base is arranged in the monitoring area, the base has a reinforcement end, and the reinforcement end is located under the ground of the monitoring area;

[0018] Wherein, the temperature monitoring device, the snowfall monitoring device, the wind speed monitoring device and the vibration monitoring device are installed on the base.

[0019] In one embodiment of the second aspect, the avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system further includes:

[0020] The bracket is installed on the base, and the temperature monitoring device, the snowfall monitoring device, and the wind speed monitoring device are all installed on one end of the bracket that is higher than the base.

[0021] In one embodiment of the second aspect, the snowfall monitoring device includes an ultrasonic detection sensor;

[0022] The wind speed monitoring device comprises an anemometer;

[0023] The air temperature monitoring device includes a temperature sensor;

[0024] The control and early warning device comprises a controller, an early warning module and a wireless communication module. The controller is electrically connected to the early warning module, the vibration monitoring device, the ultrasonic detection sensor, the temperature sensor and the anemometer respectively through the wireless communication module.

[0025] In one embodiment of the second aspect, the bracket is installed with a protection box, the protection box has air holes distributed therein, and the temperature sensor is installed in the protection box.

[0026] In one of the embodiments of the second aspect, the bracket has a second wiring harness hole, which is used to install cables connected to the control and warning device, the temperature monitoring device, the snowfall monitoring device, the wind speed monitoring device and the vibration monitoring device.

[0027] In one embodiment of the second aspect, the avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system further includes:

[0028] A solar power supply device is installed at one end of the bracket that is higher than the base, and the solar power supply device is electrically connected to the control and early warning device, the temperature monitoring device, the snowfall monitoring device, the wind speed monitoring device and the vibration monitoring device respectively.

[0029] The embodiments of the present application have the following advantages:

[0030] The present application provides a vibration monitoring device, in which a plurality of vibration detection parts are arranged at intervals from the highest point to the lowest point along the slope of the monitoring area. This layout strategy can cover the main path of avalanche impact and ensure more comprehensive capture of vibration information caused by avalanche. The position difference between each vibration detection part also helps to distinguish the vibration characteristics of different positions in the subsequent data analysis and improve the accuracy of early warning. Among them, placing the vibration detection part below the surface can reduce the physical impact directly caused by avalanche, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the detection part due to direct external force. In particular, in the event of an avalanche, the energy of the avalanche gradually weakens from the higher part of the slope to the lower part, so the horizontal height of the vibration detection part located at a high place is set lower than the horizontal height of the vibration detection part at a low place, which can effectively reduce the vibration impact damage of the avalanche to the vibration detection part. In addition, the horizontal height of multiple vibration detection parts gradually increases, which means that even if the snow layer is displaced or the terrain changes caused by the avalanche, the detection parts at different heights can still maintain a relatively stable monitoring capability. This gradient design is conducive to obtaining vertical profile information of avalanche movement and helps analyze the dynamic characteristics of avalanches, such as sliding speed, energy distribution, etc.

[0031] Obviously, through the above arrangement, the vibration detection parts can vibrate or move synchronously with the slope when an avalanche occurs, reducing damage caused by direct impact, significantly improving the durability of the equipment and the feasibility of long-term monitoring. In addition, the underground burial and gradient layout strategies reduce the interference of environmental factors on the monitoring data, making the collected vibration data more stable and reliable, improving the quality of the monitoring data; and can further reduce the impact on the vibration detection parts, extend the service life, reduce the frequency of repair and replacement, and reduce maintenance costs.

[0032] The present application also relates to an avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system. Since the above-mentioned vibration monitoring device has the above-mentioned technical effects, the avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system including the vibration monitoring device should have the same technical effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0033] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a vibration monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0036] Figure 2 A flowchart of an avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0037] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of an avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0038] Description of main component symbols:

[0039] 100-air temperature monitoring device; 110-temperature sensor; 120-protection box; 200-snowfall monitoring device; 210-ultrasonic detection sensor; 300-vibration monitoring device; 310-base; 311-reinforcement end; 320-pipe fittings; 330-vibration detection parts; 400-wind speed monitoring device; 410-anemometer; 500-control and early warning device; 510-wireless communication module; 520-controller; 530-early warning module; 600-bracket; 700-solar power supply device; 800-snow layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0041] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" another element, there is no intermediate element. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

[0042] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0043] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the template are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0045] In the related art, an avalanche refers to a phenomenon in which a large amount of snow suddenly collapses and slides down the slope rapidly due to the destruction of the stability of the snow layer 800 on a snow-covered slope due to some inducement (such as earthquakes, additional loads, temperature changes, human activities, etc.). This natural phenomenon has great destructive power and can carry a large amount of snow at a very high speed, causing serious damage to the terrain, vegetation, buildings and any organisms on the avalanche path along the way, and even causing casualties. Avalanches usually occur in mountainous areas with a certain slope, especially after new snowfall, when the temperature rises and causes the snow layer 800 to melt, or when strong winds redistribute the snow surface.

[0046] Avalanche monitoring mainly relies on long-term geological monitoring to provide effective early warnings and help people improve their response measures. Due to technical and data limitations, early warnings mainly rely on vibration monitoring methods. The vibration monitoring method is to embed vibration monitoring devices 300 at monitoring points to measure the ground vibration caused by the sliding of snow carrying a large number of rolling stones and debris when an avalanche disaster occurs, so as to understand the dynamic changes and development trends of geological disaster bodies. However, since avalanches drive ground vibrations, the vibration sensors of the vibration monitoring device 300 are easily damaged, resulting in the need for frequent replacement or maintenance of the vibration monitoring device 300, and a short overall service life.

[0047] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present application provides a vibration monitoring device 300, which includes a plurality of vibration detection components 330. The vibration detection components 330 are used to detect vibration information of a monitoring area. The plurality of vibration detection components 330 are located below the surface of the slope of the monitoring area. The plurality of vibration detection components 330 are arranged at intervals from the highest point to the lowest point of the slope of the monitoring area, and the horizontal heights of the plurality of vibration detection components 330 gradually increase from the highest point to the lowest point of the slope of the monitoring area.

[0048] In this embodiment, multiple vibration detection components 330 are buried under the surface of the slope of the monitoring area, which can effectively reduce the risk of damage to the vibration detection components 330 by direct impact of avalanches, because the position under the surface can provide a layer of natural protection for the vibration detection components 330, avoiding physical damage caused by external forces such as sliding ice and snow, rolling stones, etc., thereby significantly improving the survivability of the equipment.

[0049] The vibration detection parts 330 are arranged at intervals from the highest point to the lowest point along the slope of the monitoring area, which can realize vibration monitoring of multiple positions in the monitoring area, and improve the sensitivity and coverage of the monitoring. In addition, the horizontal height of each vibration detection part 330 gradually increases as the slope surface increases from the highest point to the lowest point. Such a design takes into account the dynamic characteristics of the sliding of the snow body during the avalanche. The vibration detection parts 330 of different heights can record the different stages and characteristics of the avalanche movement, and provide multi-dimensional data for analyzing the intensity, speed, and possible path changes of the avalanche. This highly differentiated layout helps to build a more accurate avalanche movement model and improve the accuracy of the early warning. In addition, in the event of an avalanche, the energy of the avalanche gradually weakens from the higher part of the slope surface to the lower part. Therefore, setting the horizontal height of the vibration detection part 330 located at a high place lower than the horizontal height of the vibration detection part 330 at a low place can effectively reduce the vibration impact damage of the avalanche to the vibration detection part 330.

[0050] Exemplarily, the distance between adjacent vibration detection components 330 is 1m. Of course, in other embodiments, the distance between adjacent vibration detection components 330 is 1.2m, 1.3m, 1.4m, 1.5m, 1.6m, etc., which is not specifically limited here. It should be noted that the distance between adjacent vibration detection components 330 should not be too large. If the distance between adjacent vibration detection components 330 is too large, it will lead to inaccurate vibration monitoring results. In other words, the distance between adjacent vibration detection components 330 is a key parameter, which directly affects the density of the monitoring network, the resolution of the data, and the accuracy of the response to vibration events such as avalanches. Although shorter spacing can provide denser data points and increase the precision of vibration signal capture, it is conducive to more accurate analysis of the dynamic characteristics of avalanches, but it will also increase the cost of deployment and maintenance.

[0051] By using the vibration monitoring device 300 provided in the present application, through the above arrangement, the vibration detection element 330 can vibrate or move synchronously with the slope when an avalanche occurs, reducing damage caused by direct impact, and significantly improving the durability of the equipment and the feasibility of long-term monitoring. In addition, the underground burial and gradient layout strategy reduces the interference of environmental factors on the monitoring data, making the collected vibration data more stable and reliable, and improving the quality of the monitoring data; and can further reduce the impact on the vibration detection element 330, extend the service life, reduce the frequency of repair and replacement, and reduce maintenance costs.

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the vibration monitoring device 300 also includes a pipe 320, the pipe 320 has a first wiring harness channel and an insertion end, the first wiring harness channel is extended along the extension direction of the pipe 320, and the insertion end is passed through the ground of the monitoring area from top to bottom, the vibration detection component 330 is connected to the insertion end, and the cable connected to the vibration detection component 330 is passed through the first wiring harness channel.

[0053] In these embodiments, the vibration monitoring device 300 further enhances the stability and durability of the cable in a complex environment by introducing the pipe 320. The first harness channel provided in the pipe 320 provides a physical protection channel for the cable, so that the cable is protected from damage by external environmental factors (such as soil erosion, animal gnawing, mechanical damage, etc.), especially ground vibration damage, when passing through the ground and extending to the underground vibration detection member 330, thereby ensuring the continuity and reliability of data transmission.

[0054] The insertion end of the pipe 320 is inserted from top to bottom into the ground of the monitoring area, so that the vibration detector 330 can be accurately placed at a predetermined depth during installation, and in the subsequent maintenance or replacement process, the pipe 320 can be used to quickly locate and operate, without large-scale excavation of the ground, thereby reducing environmental disturbance and maintenance costs. For example, by pre-setting a borehole to a preset depth in the ground of the monitoring area, the vibration detector 330 is installed at the end of the insertion end, and the cable connected to the vibration detector 330 is inserted into the first harness channel, and the vibration detector 330 is installed at the set depth by controlling the pipe 320, and then the vibration detector 330 is fixed inside the slope by filling the borehole with original soil (if the slope is rock, concrete is poured in), and when an avalanche occurs, the vibration detector 330 vibrates with the slope at the same speed and frequency to ensure the accuracy of vibration detection.

[0055] For example, the pipe 320 is configured as a steel pipe, and the inner hole of the steel pipe forms the first wire harness channel. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the pipe 320 is configured as a rod body, and the rod body is provided with the first wire harness channel, and so on.

[0056] Of course, the pipe 320 can be made of a material with good sealing properties, such as waterproof plastic or metal pipe, to ensure that the inside of the cable channel is dry and prevent moisture penetration. This is especially important for electronic equipment in underground environments and can effectively avoid line short circuits or corrosion problems caused by moisture.

[0057] Obviously, by integrating the vibration detection component 330 with the pipe 320, the fixation of the vibration detection component 330 can be enhanced, the displacement caused by ground vibration or soil movement can be reduced, and the accuracy and stability of the vibration monitoring data can be ensured, which is crucial for long-term monitoring and data analysis.

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the vibration detection component 330 includes a three-axis vibration velocity sensor, which is located below the surface of the slope of the monitoring area; wherein the vibration monitoring device 300 also includes a blasting vibrometer, the blasting vibrometer and the three-axis vibration velocity sensor are electrically connected, the three-axis vibration velocity sensor is located below the surface of the slope of the monitoring area, and the blasting vibrometer is located on the surface of the slope of the monitoring area.

[0059] In these embodiments, blast vibrometers are typically used to measure high-intensity, short-duration vibration events. In avalanche monitoring, blast vibrometers can capture the huge shock waves and vibration energy generated at the moment of avalanche occurrence through a triaxial vibration velocity sensor, providing important information about the scale of the avalanche and the intensity of energy release. They usually have a high dynamic range and shock resistance to ensure accurate data recording even in extreme events.

[0060] The triaxial vibration velocity sensor can measure the vibration velocity in three directions (i.e., X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis) at the same time, which is crucial for monitoring the omnidirectional dynamics of vibration in complex geological disasters such as avalanches. The arrangement below the surface enables it to directly sense the tiny vibration changes below the surface when the snow slides, providing more comprehensive vibration information, which helps to analyze the movement trajectory, velocity distribution and other characteristics of the avalanche.

[0061] The blasting vibrometer and the triaxial vibration velocity sensor are integrated into the same avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system through electrical connection, which not only optimizes the efficiency of data collection, but also facilitates the comprehensive analysis of monitoring data, and can more accurately judge the occurrence and development process of avalanches.

[0062] Obviously, this application can quickly identify signs of avalanches and issue warnings in a timely manner, buying precious time for evacuation and emergency response.

[0063] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the present application also provides an avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system, which includes a control and early warning device 500, a temperature monitoring device 100, a snowfall monitoring device 200, a wind speed monitoring device 400 and a vibration monitoring device 300 as described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the temperature monitoring device 100, the snowfall monitoring device 200, the wind speed monitoring device 400 and the vibration monitoring device 300 are electrically connected to the control and early warning device 500 respectively; wherein the temperature monitoring device 100 is used to monitor the temperature information in the monitoring area; the snowfall monitoring device 200 is used to monitor the snow thickness information in the monitoring area; the wind speed monitoring device 400 is used to monitor the wind speed information in the monitoring area; the control and early warning device 500 is used to receive and process the temperature information, the snow thickness information and the wind speed information, and can determine whether to issue an early warning information according to the processing results.

[0064] In this embodiment, the control and warning device 500 serves as the core of the avalanche disaster monitoring and warning system, and is responsible for receiving, processing and analyzing data from different monitoring devices, judging the possibility of avalanche occurrence based on preset thresholds and algorithms, and issuing warning signals in a timely manner. The control and warning device 500 not only integrates information, but also includes conventional data analysis and comparison logic algorithms and communication modules to achieve remote monitoring and warning notifications.

[0065] The temperature monitoring device 100 monitors and records the temperature changes in the monitoring area. A sudden change in temperature (such as a rapid increase) is a precursor to an avalanche. For example, a temperature increase can cause the accumulated snow to melt quickly, reducing the stability of the snow layer 800.

[0066] The snowfall monitoring device 200 measures the change in snow thickness to assess the load of the snow layer 800. The reason for this is that a rapid increase in snow thickness will increase the weight of the snow layer 800 and increase the risk of avalanches.

[0067] The wind speed monitoring device 400 obtains the wind speed in the monitoring area. The wind speed has a significant impact on the stability of the snow layer 800. Strong winds can cause erosion of the snow surface, forming a loose snow layer 800 structure and increasing the risk of avalanches. Therefore, wind speed monitoring helps to evaluate the dynamic changes of the surface of the snow layer 800.

[0068] As mentioned above, the vibration monitoring device 300 captures vibration information when an avalanche occurs through a vibration detection member 330 buried under the slope surface, thereby providing direct evidence of avalanche activity.

[0069] It is easy to understand that each monitoring device monitors the temperature, snow thickness, wind speed and vibration information in real time, and sends the data to the control and warning device 500. The control and warning device 500 summarizes and analyzes these data, and uses the existing comparison algorithm model to evaluate the current avalanche risk level. When the analysis results show that the avalanche risk exceeds the preset threshold, the system automatically triggers the warning mechanism. The warning may include different levels, such as warning, alert and emergency evacuation, and take corresponding measures according to the risk level.

[0070] In addition, early warning information is quickly conveyed to relevant departments and personnel through various communication means to ensure timely evacuation and protective measures.

[0071] Exemplarily, the communication means is text messages; of course, in other embodiments, the communication means may also be email, broadcast, alarm system, etc.

[0072] For example, taking the measured avalanche signal as an example, its frequency band range is analyzed to obtain a spectrum analysis diagram. According to the spectrum analysis diagram and the actual occurrence of avalanche, it can be obtained that the frequency band of the avalanche signal is 20~80HZ, which is the first-level warning area; 80~150HZ is the second-level warning area; and after 150HZ is the third-level warning area.

[0073] For example, the frequencies of the same earthquake recorded by receiving points in different radiation directions of seismic waves caused by avalanches are different, and the propagation path has a huge impact on seismic waves. Therefore, the measured data obtained by the vibration detection component 330 is often distributed more dispersedly, so the obtained single data needs to be first analyzed for disaster correlation using a statistical system to determine the fitting function between the frequency band range and the occurrence of disasters under fixed scenes and fixed point locations of the collected monitoring data, and then establish monitoring data coordinates, and then refer to the fitting function for all monitoring data within a period of time to convert the data to obtain quadratic fitting data, and finally draw a dynamic curve between the quadratic fitting of a large amount of data and the frequency band range in the coordinate system to obtain a spectrum analysis diagram, predict the tendency of disasters, and predict the occurrence of disasters. The result will automatically start the early warning and perform early warning operations.

[0074] Based on vibration analysis, the single data obtained must first be analyzed for disaster correlation using a statistical system to determine the fitting function between the frequency band range of the collected monitoring data and the occurrence of disasters in fixed scenes and fixed locations. Then, the monitoring data coordinates are established, and all the monitoring data within a period of time are converted with reference to the fitting function to obtain quadratic fitting data. Finally, a dynamic curve between the quadratic fitting of a large amount of data and the frequency band range is drawn in the coordinate system to obtain a spectrum analysis diagram, predict the tendency of disasters, and divide them into first-level warning areas, second-level warning areas, and third-level warning areas. The predicted disaster results will automatically initiate the warning operation.

[0075] Then the obtained snowfall, wind speed and temperature are used to correct the above partitions. The correction formula is:

[0076] U=0.6*U 降雪量 +0.3*U 气温变化 +0.1*U 风速变化

[0077] When U≥3.5, the original warning value will be increased by two levels; when 3.5>U≥2, the original warning value will be increased by 1 level; when 2>U>1, the original warning value will not be revised; when U≤1, the original warning value will be reduced by 1 level as appropriate.

[0078] Among them, the analysis of snowfall amount (snow layer 800 depth) changes is based on the snowfall speed and is divided into the following four standards.

[0079] Table 1 Snowfall (snow layer 800 depth) change analysis standard

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] Note: If continuous snowfall lasts more than 6 hours, the warning level will be raised by 1 level.

[0083] The analysis of temperature changes is based on the temperature difference change and is divided into the following four standards.

[0084] Table 2 Temperature difference change analysis standard

[0085]

[0086] Note: Temperature change △T is the absolute value of the difference between the measured temperature and the average temperature of the month. Wind speed change analysis is based on wind speed change and is divided into the following four standards.

[0087] Table 3 Wind speed change analysis standards

[0088]

[0089] Note: Wind speed changes as follows:

[0090]

[0091] When in the first-level warning zone, it means that the possibility of avalanche danger is high, and measures must be taken immediately to ensure the safety of people in the area affected by avalanches. When in the second-level warning zone, it means that there is a certain risk of avalanches. At this time, monitoring should be strengthened and preparations should be made according to the avalanche response plan. When in the third-level warning zone, it means that the avalanche risk is low, and industrial and agricultural production activities and entertainment and leisure activities can continue.

[0092] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system also includes a base 310, which is arranged in the monitoring area, and the base 310 has a reinforced end 311, and the reinforced end 311 is located under the ground of the monitoring area; wherein, the temperature monitoring device 100, the snowfall monitoring device 200, the wind speed monitoring device 400 and the vibration monitoring device 300 are installed on the base 310.

[0093] In these embodiments, the base 310 is arranged, especially the reinforcement end 311 thereof is located under the ground, which ensures the firmness and stability of the entire monitoring system, so as to resist the attack of extreme weather conditions, such as strong wind, avalanche impact and other natural forces, reduce the displacement or damage of the monitoring equipment caused by external forces, and ensure the continuity and accuracy of data collection.

[0094] The temperature monitoring device 100, the snowfall monitoring device 200, the wind speed monitoring device 400 and the vibration monitoring device 300 are integrated and installed on the same base 310, which is not only conducive to the coordinated work between the devices, but also convenient for the unified maintenance and management of the system. This centralized layout simplifies the installation and wiring process, reduces external interference, and improves the overall efficiency of the system.

[0095] For example, the base 310 takes into account the topographic and geological conditions of different monitoring areas, and through the deep installation of the underground reinforcement end 311, it can adapt to more diverse environments, including various geological structures such as rock, frozen soil, and soft soil, ensuring the reliable operation of the equipment in various complex environments.

[0096] For example, the base 310 is cast in concrete. Of course, the base 310 can also be formed by setting a foundation in the monitoring area and welding a fixed pedestal on the foundation.

[0097] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system also includes a bracket 600, which is installed on the base 310, and the temperature monitoring device 100, the snowfall monitoring device 200, and the wind speed monitoring device 400 are all installed on one end of the bracket 600 that is higher than the base 310.

[0098] In these embodiments, the bracket 600 provides a unified and stable installation platform for the temperature monitoring device 100, the snowfall monitoring device 200, and the wind speed monitoring device 400. These monitoring devices are installed on the end of the bracket 600 that is higher than the base 310, which helps the equipment avoid direct interference from the ground (such as snow cover, ground moisture, etc.) and ensures the accuracy and long-term stability of the sensor. Exemplarily, the height of the temperature monitoring device 100 is maintained at about 1.5 meters above the ground. Such a setting can reduce the influence of ground thermal radiation and other local environmental factors on the measurement results.

[0099] The height and position of the bracket 600 can be adjusted according to the specific terrain and monitoring requirements, so that the temperature monitoring device 100, the snowfall monitoring device 200, and the wind speed monitoring device 400 can be in the optimal monitoring position. For example, ensure that the temperature monitoring device 100 is not affected by the ground radiant heat, and the wind speed monitoring device 400 avoids interference with the wind direction and wind speed measurement caused by surrounding obstacles.

[0100] At the same time, the structure of bracket 600 provides convenience for future upgrades and expansions of the system. If there are new monitoring requirements, such as monitoring of other environmental parameters such as humidity and light intensity, new sensor modules can be easily added to the bracket 600 to maintain the integrity and integration of the system.

[0101] Exemplarily, the bracket 600 is configured as a column; of course, in other embodiments, the bracket 600 may also be configured as a T-shaped column, or a frame structure, etc.

[0102] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the snowfall monitoring device 200 includes an ultrasonic detection sensor 210; the wind speed monitoring device 400 includes an anemometer 410; the temperature monitoring device 100 includes a temperature sensor 110;

[0103] The control and early warning device 500 includes a controller 520, an early warning module 530 and a wireless communication module 510. The controller 520 is electrically connected to the early warning module 530, the vibration monitoring device 300, the ultrasonic detection sensor 210, the temperature sensor 110 and the anemometer 410 through the wireless communication module 510.

[0104] In these embodiments, the snowfall monitoring device 200: uses an ultrasonic detection sensor 210, which is an automated technology for measuring snow depth based on the reflection time difference of ultrasonic waves. The ultrasonic detection sensor 210 emits ultrasonic pulses, and by calculating the time difference from the emission to the reception of the signal, the thickness of the snow layer 800 is determined, thereby monitoring the snowfall. This technology is non-contact, high-precision, and applicable to various climate conditions.

[0105] Wind speed monitoring device 400: An anemometer 410 is used to monitor wind speed. For example, an anemometer 410 can be an ultrasonic anemometer, a mechanical anemometer, or a thermal anemometer, etc. The specific requirements depend on the required accuracy and application environment. Accurate measurement of wind speed is crucial for assessing avalanche risk, because strong winds can accelerate the erosion of the surface of the snow layer 800 and increase the possibility of avalanches.

[0106] Temperature monitoring device 100: monitors the ambient temperature in real time through temperature sensor 110. Temperature changes have a direct impact on the stability of snow and the occurrence of avalanches. Low temperatures make snow easier to solidify, while temperature fluctuations may cause changes in the internal structure of the snow layer 800, affecting its stability.

[0107] Control warning device 500: Controller 520 is the core of the system. It receives and processes data from various sensors, executes complex algorithms to analyze the data, and determines whether there is a potential risk of avalanche. When the controller 520 analyzes the data and determines that the risk exceeds the preset threshold, the warning module 530 will trigger the warning signal and prepare to send the warning information. The wireless communication module 510 is responsible for the wireless connection between the controller 520 and the temperature monitoring device 100, the snowfall monitoring device 200, the wind speed monitoring device 400 and the vibration monitoring device 300 to transmit data and receive instructions, realize long-distance instant communication, and ensure rapid response.

[0108] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the bracket is installed with a protection box 120 , the protection box 120 is distributed with ventilation holes, and the temperature sensor 110 is installed in the protection box 120 .

[0109] In these embodiments, the special needs of the temperature sensor 110 are taken into consideration, and the use of the protective box 120 is mainly to protect the temperature sensor 110 from external physical damage (such as impact, dust, moisture, etc.), as well as the influence of extreme weather conditions, so as to extend the service life of the temperature sensor 110 and ensure the accuracy of the measurement. Among them, the design of the air vent is to ensure that the temperature sensor 110 can exchange gas with the external environment to a certain extent while being protected. This is crucial for the normal operation of the temperature sensor 110 because it needs to sense the ambient temperature directly or indirectly. The air vent can prevent the environment where the sensor is located from forming a closed space, reduce the error of temperature measurement, and especially avoid misjudgment caused by the difference between the temperature in the box and the actual ambient temperature. In addition, the air vent can also help adjust the humidity inside the protective box 120, avoid the formation of condensed water, and reduce the influence of humidity on the performance of the temperature sensor 110. At the same time, for some sensors that may generate slight heat, the air vent helps to dissipate heat and maintain the stability of the working environment of the temperature sensor 110.

[0110] Exemplarily, the protection box 120 is a shutter box.

[0111] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the bracket 600 has a second wiring harness hole, which is used to install cables connected to the control warning device 500, the temperature monitoring device 100, the snowfall monitoring device 200, the wind speed monitoring device 400 and the vibration monitoring device 300.

[0112] In these embodiments, the second harness channel provides a dedicated channel for the cables connecting the control warning device 500 and each monitoring device, which helps to arrange and protect the cables in an orderly manner. This can prevent the cables from being exposed and reduce damage caused by environmental factors (such as wind and rain, ultraviolet rays, and animal bites).

[0113] Under certain extreme climatic conditions, such as extremely cold or high temperature environments, the second wiring harness channel will have additional sealing and insulation measures to ensure that the cable can still work normally under extreme temperatures, further improving the reliability and stability of the entire monitoring and early warning system.

[0114] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system also includes a solar power supply device 700, which is installed on one end of the bracket 600 that is higher than the base 310, and the solar power supply device 700 is electrically connected to the control and early warning device 500, the temperature monitoring device 100, the snowfall monitoring device 200, the wind speed monitoring device 400 and the vibration monitoring device 300 respectively.

[0115] In these embodiments, the solar power supply device 700 can directly convert solar energy into electrical energy to power the entire monitoring and early warning system without relying on external power grid power supply. It is particularly suitable for remote mountainous areas or high-altitude areas where traditional power supply may be difficult to cover or costly.

[0116] The solar power supply device 700 enables the avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system to continue to operate in the event of extreme weather or power grid failure, thereby improving the independence and continuous operation capability of the system, which is crucial for an avalanche disaster monitoring system that requires continuous monitoring and immediate early warning.

[0117] In addition, if power is provided from the mains to unmanned areas in the wild for the avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system, very long wires need to be laid, which increases costs and limits the distribution and installation of monitoring devices. Therefore, power supply by solar power supply device 700 can replace the laying of long wires and has more flexible layout.

[0118] Illustratively, the solar power supply device 700 includes a solar panel, and the solar panel is installed on a bracket 600 .

[0119] In all examples shown and described herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limiting, and thus other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0120] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0121] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A vibration monitoring device, characterized in that: The vibration monitoring device comprises: A plurality of vibration detectors are provided, wherein the vibration detectors are used to detect vibration information of a monitoring area, the plurality of vibration detectors are located below the surface of a slope of the monitoring area, the plurality of vibration detectors are arranged at intervals from the highest point to the lowest point of the slope of the monitoring area, and the horizontal heights of the plurality of vibration detectors gradually increase from the highest point to the lowest point of the slope of the monitoring area.

2. The vibration monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration monitoring device also includes: The pipe fitting has a first wiring harness channel and an insertion end, the first wiring harness channel is extended along the extension direction of the pipe fitting, and the insertion end is passed through the ground of the monitoring area from top to bottom, the vibration detector is connected to the insertion end, and the cable connected to the vibration detector is passed through the first wiring harness channel.

3. The vibration monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration detection component includes a three-axis vibration velocity sensor, and the three-axis vibration velocity sensor is located below the surface of the slope of the monitoring area.

4. An avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system, characterized in that: The avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system comprises a control and early warning device, a temperature monitoring device, a snowfall monitoring device, a wind speed monitoring device and a vibration monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the temperature monitoring device, the snowfall monitoring device, the wind speed monitoring device and the vibration monitoring device are electrically connected to the control and early warning device respectively; in The temperature monitoring device is used to monitor the temperature information in the monitoring area; The snowfall monitoring device is used to monitor the snow thickness information in the monitoring area; The wind speed monitoring device is used to monitor the wind speed information in the monitoring area; The control warning device is used to receive and process the air temperature information, the snow thickness information and the wind speed information, and can determine whether to issue a warning message based on the processing results.

5. The avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system also includes: A base, the base is arranged in the monitoring area, the base has a reinforcement end, and the reinforcement end is located under the ground of the monitoring area; Wherein, the temperature monitoring device, the snowfall monitoring device, the wind speed monitoring device and the vibration monitoring device are installed on the base.

6. The avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system also includes: The bracket is installed on the base, and the temperature monitoring device, the snowfall monitoring device, and the wind speed monitoring device are all installed on one end of the bracket that is higher than the base.

7. The avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The snowfall monitoring device includes an ultrasonic detection sensor; The wind speed monitoring device comprises an anemometer; The air temperature monitoring device includes a temperature sensor; The control and early warning device comprises a controller, an early warning module and a wireless communication module. The controller is electrically connected to the early warning module, the vibration monitoring device, the ultrasonic detection sensor, the temperature sensor and the anemometer respectively through the wireless communication module.

8. The avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The bracket is installed with a protection box, the protection box is distributed with ventilation holes, and the temperature sensor is installed in the protection box.

9. The avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bracket has a second wiring harness hole, which is used to install cables connected to the control and warning device, the temperature monitoring device, the snowfall monitoring device, the wind speed monitoring device and the vibration monitoring device.

10. The avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The avalanche disaster monitoring and early warning system also includes: A solar power supply device is installed at one end of the bracket that is higher than the base, and the solar power supply device is electrically connected to the control and early warning device, the temperature monitoring device, the snowfall monitoring device, the wind speed monitoring device and the vibration monitoring device respectively.

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