Biological heavy oil emulsion combustion device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of heavy oil emulsification, in particular to a biological heavy oil emulsification combustion device which comprises a heavy oil storage tank, a combustion chamber and a combustion chamber. The combustion improver storage tank is used for storing a combustion improver; the water storage tank is used for storing water or an aqueous solution; the heavy oil storage tank and the combustion improver storage tank are connected to the mixer through pipelines, and then are connected to the first side of the dispersion medium in the membrane emulsifier through the mixer; the water storage tank is connected to the second side of the dispersion medium of the membrane emulsifier through a pipeline; moreover, a first flow control device is arranged on a pipeline for connecting the combustion improver storage tank and the mixer; the device further comprises a combustor connected to the first side of the dispersion medium and used for combusting the obtained emulsified oil as fuel, resource utilization of the biological heavy oil is achieved through the device, traditional fossil fuel can be partially replaced, and the contradiction between petroleum resource shortage and demand in China is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy oil film emulsification, and in particular relates to a device for emulsified combustion of biological heavy oil. Background Art

[0002] With the shortage of petroleum resources, biomass conversion technology has received more and more attention. Bio-heavy oil is a by-product of biodiesel production. It is a mixture of various high-boiling oxygen-containing organic substances. At present, there is no research report on the industrial processing and reuse of bio-heavy oil in China. In the actual production process, it is generally treated as industrial waste.

[0003] Bio-heavy oil is a unique fossil fuel. By mixing bio-heavy oil with appropriate emulsifiers to form an emulsion, the heavy oil can be made easier to burn, improve combustion efficiency, and reduce fuel consumption. At the same time, emulsified combustion can also reduce pollutant emissions generated by combustion, such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter, which is beneficial to protecting the environment and improving air quality. Therefore, the bio-heavy oil emulsified combustion process is of great significance in improving energy utilization efficiency and reducing pollution emissions. The main problems in the combustion process are as follows: (1) Difficult ignition. Heavy oil has a high ignition point and is difficult to ignite and burn under normal conditions; (2) Carbon deposition during the combustion process. Due to the high content of high molecular weight hydrocarbons in heavy oil, it is not easy to burn out; (3) High pollution emissions, specifically high SO x 、NO x , and the emission of incomplete combustion products, resulting in the generation of black smoke. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the combustion process of the bio-heavy oil emulsified combustion process, the present invention provides a bio-heavy oil emulsified combustion device, comprising the following steps:

[0005] A device for emulsified combustion of biological heavy oil, comprising:

[0006] Heavy oil storage tank, used to store bio-heavy oil;

[0007] An oxidant storage tank is used to store oxidants;

[0008] Water storage tanks, used to store water or aqueous solutions;

[0009] The heavy oil storage tank and the combustion-supporting agent storage tank are connected to the mixer through pipelines, and the mixer is then connected to the first side of the dispersion medium in the membrane emulsifier;

[0010] The water storage tank is connected to the second side of the dispersion medium of the membrane emulsifier through a pipeline;

[0011] Furthermore, a first flow control device is provided on the pipeline connecting the combustion-supporting agent storage tank and the mixer;

[0012] The invention also comprises a burner connected to the first side of the dispersion medium and used for burning the obtained emulsified oil as fuel.

[0013] A heavy oil pump is provided on the pipeline connecting the heavy oil storage tank and the mixer for conveying biological heavy oil.

[0014] A combustion-aiding agent pump is provided on the pipeline connecting the combustion-aiding agent storage tank and the mixer for conveying the combustion-aiding agent.

[0015] A water pump is provided on the pipeline connecting the water storage tank and the membrane emulsifier for pressurizing and transporting the water.

[0016] A second flow control device is provided on the pipeline connecting the heavy oil storage tank and the mixer.

[0017] A third flow control device is provided on the pipeline connecting the water storage tank and the second side of the dispersion medium.

[0018] The dispersion medium is a porous ceramic membrane, and the pore size range is 10-2000nm.

[0019] Furthermore, the heavy oil storage tank, combustion aid storage tank and water storage tank are jacketed containers.

[0020] The heavy oil storage tank, the combustion-supporting agent storage tank and the water storage tank are all connected with filters.

[0021] The combustion improver is diesel or methanol or ethanol.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention designs a device for emulsified combustion of bio-heavy oil, which effectively solves the problem of black smoke generated during the combustion of heavy oil. The heavy oil is not completely burned when ignited, and the combustion temperature is not high enough, resulting in a large amount of carbon smoke particles, thereby forming black smoke. Under normal circumstances, the flash point range of bio-heavy oil is about 180℃~240℃, while the flash point of diesel is generally 55℃~120℃. By mixing diesel with bio-heavy oil at the initial stage of combustion, the heavy oil is easier to burn. In addition, the small water droplets in the emulsified heavy oil are vaporized by heat, which will produce a "micro-explosion effect" to atomize the oil droplets, increase the specific surface area to achieve the effect of full combustion of the heavy oil, and realize the full utilization of the bio-heavy oil. In addition, urea water or other low-concentration ammonia aqueous solutions are used as emulsified media. During the combustion process, due to the thermal decomposition of ammonia to generate a small amount of H2, the heavy oil can be fully burned, which helps to reduce air pollution and the impact on the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Flow chart of bio-heavy oil emulsified combustion system DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the operation process mainly includes the start-up, operation and shutdown process. The specific contents are as follows: (1) Start-up preparation: During start-up and operation, the liquid levels of the combustion aid, heavy oil tank and water tank must be kept between 30% and 80%, and the exhaust fan must be kept on; (2) Start-up: Heat and maintain the temperature of bio-heavy oil, combustion aid and water in the range of 90℃ to 130℃, 90℃ to 120℃ and 50℃ to 80℃ respectively through the steam pipeline; (3) When entering the emulsifier bypass, adjust the ratio of the heavy oil volume flow rate to 0-50% and directly enter the burner for combustion, and the combustion aid assists the heavy oil combustion; when entering the emulsification system, adjust the ratio of the combustion aid to the heavy oil to 1:1 to 1:5, and the formed heavy oil emulsion enters the burner for combustion; (4) When the system is stable, gradually stop feeding the combustion aid, and the heavy oil is used as the main raw material for emulsified combustion with water; (5) Shutdown: Close the emulsifier outlet valve, stop pumping, and stop.

[0027] The present invention is further described below through specific implementation examples. The figure includes a storage tank device, a control system, and an emulsification system.

[0028] Heavy oil storage tank: including the heavy oil storage tank 100 itself, a feed port 101 is arranged at the upper end of the heavy oil storage tank 100, a liquid level meter 102 is arranged below the feed port 101, a thermometer 103 and a safety valve 104 are arranged at the upper part of the heavy oil tank 100, and a filter 105, an oil pump inlet valve 106, a discharge valve 107, an oil pump 108, an oil pump outlet check valve 109 and a stop valve 110, a pressure instrument 111, a flow meter 112, and a flow regulating valve 113 are arranged at the lower part.

[0029] The combustion-aiding agent storage tank: comprises the combustion-aiding agent storage tank 200 itself, a feed port 201 is arranged at the upper end of the combustion-aiding agent storage tank 200, a liquid level gauge 202 is arranged below the feed port 201, a thermometer 203 and a safety valve 204 are arranged at the upper part of the combustion-aiding agent storage tank 200; the lower part of the combustion-aiding agent storage tank 200 is provided with a filter 205, an oil pump inlet valve 206, a discharge valve 207, an oil pump 208, an oil pump outlet check valve 209 and a stop valve 210, a pressure instrument 211, a flow meter 212, and a flow regulating valve 213.

[0030] Water tank: including the water storage tank 300 itself, a feed port 301 is arranged at the upper end of the water storage tank 300, a liquid level meter 302 is arranged below the feed port 301, a thermometer 303 and a safety valve 304 are arranged at the upper part of the water tank 300; a filter 305, a pump inlet valve 306, a discharge valve 307, a pump 308, a pump outlet check valve 309 and a stop valve 310, a pressure instrument 311, a flow meter 312, and a flow regulating valve 313 are arranged at the lower part of the water storage tank 300.

[0031] The equipment used in the control process includes: (1) temperature control equipment, including a heavy oil storage tank steam heating inlet regulating valve 401, an oxidant storage tank steam heating inlet valve 402, and a water storage tank steam heating inlet valve 403; (2) flow control equipment, including flow regulating valves 113, 213, and 313 that respectively control the flow of heavy oil, oxidant, and water, and can interlock and control the ratio of oxidant to heavy oil.

[0032] Emulsification system: includes an emulsifier bypass pipeline, an emulsifier 501A and a spare emulsifier 501B, wherein the emulsifier 501A includes an outlet valve 502 and a pressure gauge 503; the oil phase inlet and outlet valves 504A / B of the emulsifier 501A and the oil phase inlet and outlet valves 505A / B of the emulsifier 501B cannot be opened or closed at the same time; further, the water phase inlet and outlet valves 506A of the emulsifier 501A and the water phase inlet and outlet valves 507A of the emulsifier 501B cannot be opened or closed at the same time; the emulsification medium used in the emulsifier in this patent is an Al2O3 ceramic membrane with a pore size of 100nm, the membrane tube is placed in the ceramic membrane assembly 9, and the continuous phase flow rate range can be 0.5-2.5m / s.

[0033] Furthermore, the heavy oil tank 100, the combustion-supporting agent storage tank 200, and the water tank 300 are jacketed containers, and the volumes of different storage tanks are designed and adjusted according to production requirements;

[0034] Furthermore, the filters 105, 205, and 305 have different filtering accuracies according to different raw materials;

[0035] Furthermore, the emulsifier is a single-channel membrane tube, one is open and the other is standby under normal conditions, and the main valve and the standby valve of the oil inlet are automatically switched on and off, and the main valve and the standby valve cannot be opened at the same time;

[0036] Furthermore, the oil phase and water phase flow rates and lifts are adaptively adjusted according to different on-site conditions;

[0037] Furthermore, the flow meters 112, 212, 312 are flow meters with remote transmission function and are connected by threads.

[0038] Specifically, the emulsified combustion of bio-heavy oil includes the following processes: start-up preparation, start-up, shutdown, and cleaning:

[0039] The present invention is described more clearly and completely below by a preferred embodiment and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiment described. The implementation content includes the process of starting preparation, starting, parking, and cleaning.

[0040] When starting and operating, it is necessary to ensure that the liquid levels 102, 202, and 302 of the heavy oil, combustion aid storage tanks, and water tanks are maintained at 30% to 80%, and keep the exhaust fan on.

[0041] Start heating of heavy oil and combustion-supporting agent water, and control the temperatures of heavy oil, combustion-supporting agent and water at 90℃~110℃, 90℃~120℃ and 50℃~90℃ respectively through heating steam valves 401, 402 and 403.

[0042] Open the valve of the instrument air pipeline to maintain the pressure of the emulsifier 501A at 0.4-1.6Mpa; at the same time, open the combustion-supporting agent pipeline and the heavy oil pipeline, and control the heavy oil flow ratio from 0 to 50% through the flow regulating valves 113 and 213. After mixing in the mixer M1001, it bypasses the emulsification system and directly enters the burner for combustion until the system is stable.

[0043] The water pipeline pump 308 is turned on, the water pipeline and the automatic switch valve of the water line entering the shell side of the emulsifier A are opened, the emulsified water passes through the emulsifier membrane and enters the shell side, and the bypass valve of the emulsifier is cut off at the same time, the combustion aid is mixed with the heavy oil and enters the emulsifier pipe side, and the heavy oil emulsion is generated and enters the emulsifier for combustion; wherein in the emulsifier, the mixture of the combustion aid and the heavy oil is used as the continuous phase, and the water is used as the dispersed phase, providing pressure for the dispersed phase, pressing the water through the ceramic membrane hole, the pressure range is 0.1Mpa~0.5MPa, pressing the deionized water through the membrane hole, and the water droplets are sheared under the shear force of the oil phase flow to form a W / O emulsion of a certain size. The automatic switch valves 506A and 507A at the inlet of the emulsifier water line are interlocked, and cannot be opened at the same time during operation.

[0044] The pressure gauge 503 at the outlet of the emulsifier shows a stable pressure of 0.16-0.22 MPa, and the valve 502 at the outlet of the emulsifier and the burner is opened.

[0045] After the system is stable (under stable pressure and flow conditions), gradually increase the opening of the heavy oil flow regulating valve to increase the heavy oil flow, and gradually close the opening of the combustion-supporting agent flow regulating valve 213 to reduce the combustion-supporting agent flow until it is 0, and maintain the total flow of heavy oil and combustion-supporting agent at the set value for 5 to 10 minutes. The heavy oil flow valve 113 and the combustion-supporting agent flow valve 213 are in a chain state. When the heavy oil / combustion-supporting agent flow valve is fully opened, the combustion-supporting agent / heavy oil flow valve is fully closed.

[0046] When the combustion-aiding agent flow rate is 0, the system is entirely filled with emulsified heavy oil entering the emulsifier for combustion.

[0047] After emulsification, the heavy oil maintains stable combustion until the vehicle is shut down.

[0048] Close the valve 502 that enters the burner after the emulsifier outlet, close the heavy oil pump 108, the combustion-supporting agent storage pump 208 and the water pump 308, close all steam valves 210, and the valves of the two inlet and outlet pipelines of the emulsifier 501A / B, as well as the valve of the return pipeline after the emulsifier outlet and the valve of the return pipeline entering the combustion-supporting agent storage tank, but keep the valve 502 that enters the burner after the emulsifier outlet closed to form a cleaning loop. The hot combustion-supporting agent circulates for 30-60 minutes to clean the oil line of the emulsifier pipeline. After cleaning, open the valve of the return pipeline entering the heavy oil tank, close the valve of the return pipeline entering the combustion-supporting agent storage tank, and collect the dirty combustion-supporting agent into the heavy oil tank.

[0049] During cleaning, the oil line and water line automatic switch valves 504A / B and 505A / B, 506A / B and 507A / B of the two emulsifiers no longer form an interlock.

[0050] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting from any point of view, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention, and any reference numerals in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

Claims

1. A device for emulsified combustion of bio-heavy oil, characterized in that: include: A heavy oil storage tank (100) for storing bio-heavy oil; An oxidant storage tank (200), used for storing the oxidant; A water storage tank (300) for storing water or an aqueous solution; The heavy oil storage tank (100) and the combustion-aiding agent storage tank (200) are connected to a mixer via pipelines, and the mixer is then connected to a first side of a dispersion medium in a membrane emulsifier; The water storage tank (300) is connected to the second side of the dispersion medium of the membrane emulsifier through a pipeline; Furthermore, a first flow control device is provided on the pipeline connecting the combustion-supporting agent storage tank (200) and the mixer; The invention also comprises a burner connected to the first side of the dispersion medium and used for burning the obtained emulsified oil as fuel.

2. The device for emulsified combustion of bio-heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second flow control device is provided on a pipeline connecting the heavy oil storage tank (100) and the mixer.

3. The device for emulsified combustion of bio-heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third flow control device is provided on a pipeline connecting the water storage tank (300) and the second side of the dispersion medium.

4. The device for emulsified combustion of bio-heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dispersion medium is porous ceramic, and the pore size range is 10-2000nm.

5. The device for emulsified combustion of bio-heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heavy oil storage tank, combustion-supporting agent storage tank and water storage tank are jacketed containers.

6. The device for emulsified combustion of bio-heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heavy oil storage tank, combustion-supporting agent storage tank and water storage tank are all connected with filters; the combustion-supporting agent is diesel or methanol or ethanol.

7. The device for emulsified combustion of bio-heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heavy oil pump (108) is provided on the pipeline connecting the heavy oil storage tank (100) and the mixer for conveying biological heavy oil.

8. The device for emulsified combustion of bio-heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: A combustion-aiding agent pump (208) is provided on the pipeline connecting the combustion-aiding agent storage tank (200) and the mixer for conveying the combustion-aiding agent.

9. The device for emulsified combustion of bio-heavy oil according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water pump (308) is provided on the pipeline connecting the water storage tank (300) and the membrane emulsifier for pressurizing and transporting water.

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