Energy-saving and environment-friendly biomass boiler

Abstract

The energy-saving and environment-friendly biomass boiler comprises a shell and a jacket arranged on the outer side of the shell, the inner space of the shell is divided into a combustion chamber and an ash storage chamber through a fire grate, an ash pushing plate is arranged at the bottom in the ash storage chamber, and a driving mechanism for pushing the ash pushing plate to move back and forth is arranged outside the ash storage chamber. A plurality of spiral coil pipes which are communicated end to end are arranged on the upper portion in the combustion chamber at intervals up and down, the inlet end of the lowermost spiral coil pipe is connected with a water inlet pipe, the outlet end of the uppermost spiral coil pipe is connected with an air outlet pipe, a plurality of vertical pipes with the upper ends blocked are evenly distributed on the lower portion in the combustion chamber, and a plurality of branch pipes are arranged on the vertical pipes. A plurality of gas distribution pipes are arranged at the upper part in the ash storage chamber, two ends of each gas distribution pipe are communicated with the jacket, the lower ends of the vertical pipes are communicated with the corresponding gas distribution pipes, and gas inlet pipes are arranged at the tops of the jackets. In conclusion, the boiler has the advantages that combustion is sufficient, smoke waste heat can be recycled, and ash is convenient to clean.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of biomass boilers, in particular to an energy-saving and environment-friendly biomass boiler. Background Art

[0002] Biomass energy is a renewable energy source obtained by pressing and molding crops such as rice straw, wheat straw, sorghum, corn, cotton or soybean straw. A biomass boiler is a boiler that uses biomass energy as fuel. Compared with traditional boilers that use coal as the main fuel, the use of biomass boilers can greatly reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources such as coal, reduce the pollution of smoke to the environment, and has the advantages of energy saving, low practical cost and low environmental pollution.

[0003] The current biomass boilers still have the following problems during use: First, the fuel is not burned sufficiently, which will not only reduce the combustion efficiency, but also produce a large amount of flue gas, and these flue gases are often discharged without purification, causing pollution to the environment; second, the flue gas waste heat generated after the fuel is burned is not well recycled, and there is a problem of energy waste; third, a large amount of ash will fall after the fuel is burned, and these ashes are inconvenient to clean up. If they are not cleaned in time, they are easy to clog the flame head and affect the combustion rate of the biomass fuel. Therefore, it is an objective need to develop an energy-saving and environmentally friendly biomass boiler that burns fully, can recycle flue gas waste heat, and is easy to clean up. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to provide an energy-saving and environment-friendly biomass boiler which has sufficient combustion, can recover flue gas waste heat, and is convenient for ash cleaning.

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is achieved in this way, comprising a shell and a jacket arranged on the outside of the shell, the internal space of the shell is divided into an upper combustion chamber and a lower ash storage chamber by a grate, an ash pushing plate is arranged at the bottom of the ash storage chamber, and a driving mechanism for pushing the ash pushing plate to move back and forth is arranged outside the ash storage chamber, an ash outlet is arranged on the side wall of the ash storage chamber opposite to the driving mechanism, a plurality of spiral coils connected end to end are arranged at intervals in the upper and lower parts of the combustion chamber, the inlet end of the lowest spiral coil is connected to a water inlet pipe, and the outlet end of the highest spiral coil is connected to an air outlet pipe, a plurality of vertical pipes with blocked upper ends are evenly distributed in the lower part of the combustion chamber, a plurality of branch pipes are arranged on the vertical pipes, a plurality of air distribution pipes are arranged in the upper part of the ash storage chamber, both ends of the air distribution pipes are connected to the jacket, the lower ends of the vertical pipes are connected to the corresponding air distribution pipes, and an air inlet pipe is arranged on the top of the jacket.

[0006] Furthermore, an upper ring tube and a lower ring tube are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the combustion chamber, and a plurality of heat absorbing tubes are evenly distributed on the side walls of the combustion chamber. The upper ends of the heat absorbing tubes are connected to the upper ring tubes, and the lower ends of the heat absorbing tubes are connected to the lower ring tubes. The lower ring tubes are connected to the water inlet pipe, and an exhaust pipe is provided on the upper ring tube.

[0007] Furthermore, a steam drum is arranged on the outside of the shell, the ends of the air outlet pipe and the exhaust pipe are connected to the air inlet of the steam drum, and the condensate outlet of the steam drum is connected to the water inlet pipe through a pipeline.

[0008] Furthermore, a smoke exhaust pipe is provided on the top of the shell, and an air-water heat exchanger, a dust collector and a gas purifier are sequentially connected to the smoke exhaust pipe. The hot water outlet of the air-water heat exchanger is connected to the water inlet pipe through a pipeline.

[0009] Furthermore, a smoke return pipe is provided on the smoke exhaust pipe between the dust collector and the gas purifier, and the smoke return pipe is connected to the air inlet pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, a feeding pipe is obliquely arranged in the middle of the combustion chamber, a hopper is arranged at the higher end of the feeding pipe, a feeding plate is movably arranged in parallel at the bottom of the feeding pipe, and a cylinder is arranged on the feeding pipe to drive the feeding plate to move back and forth.

[0011] When the utility model is in operation, biomass fuel is put into the combustion chamber so that it is located on the grate and distributed around each vertical pipe. After the biomass fuel is ignited, air is introduced into the jacket from the air inlet pipe. The air first fills the jacket space and absorbs part of the heat emitted by the combustion chamber. The air is preheated to a certain extent and enters the air distribution pipe. Then, the air is introduced into each vertical pipe through the air distribution pipe and finally discharged through the branch pipe and blown to various positions in the combustion chamber to fill the pores between the biomass fuel particles, so that the biomass fuel can contact with sufficient air, thereby ensuring that the biomass fuel can be fully burned, improving the combustion efficiency, reducing the amount of smoke generated, and reducing the pollution of the smoke to the surrounding environment; secondly, the biomass fuel is burned in the combustion chamber, and the high-temperature smoke generated flows upward. The high-temperature smoke carries a large amount of heat. In the process of flowing upward, the heat contacts with each spiral coil in turn. Cold water is introduced into the spiral coil. When the cold water flows in the spiral coil, it continuously absorbs the heat in the high-temperature flue gas and evaporates to obtain water vapor. The water vapor is discharged from the exhaust pipe. The heat in the high-temperature flue gas is absorbed by the cold water, which improves the recovery and utilization of the flue gas waste heat. It not only improves the utilization rate of the flue gas waste heat and reduces the waste of heat, but also can obtain water vapor and increase the output of water vapor. In addition, a large amount of ash will be generated after the biomass fuel is burned. These ashes will fall from the pores of the grate into the ash storage chamber. The ash pusher plate is driven to move horizontally by the driving mechanism, and the ash pusher plate pushes the ash to move and discharge it from the ash outlet. Then the ash pusher plate is reset. The above method can realize the automatic cleaning of the ash without manual processing. The cleaning process is more convenient and the cleaning effect is better. It can effectively prevent the problems of the flame head clogging caused by excessive ash accumulation and the reduction of the combustion rate of biomass fuel. In summary, the utility model has the advantages of sufficient combustion, recycling of flue gas waste heat, and convenient ash cleaning. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0013] In the figure: 1-shell, 2-grate, 3-ash pusher, 4-driving mechanism, 5-spiral coil, 6-water inlet pipe, 7-air outlet pipe, 8-vertical pipe, 9-branch pipe, 10-air distribution pipe, 11-jacket, 12-air inlet pipe, 13-upper ring pipe, 14-lower ring pipe, 15-heat absorption pipe, 16-exhaust pipe, 17-steam drum, 18-gas-water heat exchanger, 19-dust collector, 20-gas purifier, 21-return smoke pipe, 22-feeding pipe, 23-feeding plate, 24-cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0015] like Figure 1 As shown, the utility model comprises a shell 1 and a jacket 11 arranged on the outside of the shell 1. The internal space of the shell 1 is divided into an upper combustion chamber and a lower ash storage chamber by a grate 2. The grate 2 is a prior art and is used to carry biomass fuel and ensure that the ash after the biomass fuel is burned can fall from its gap. The biomass fuel burns in the combustion chamber and the ash falls into the ash storage chamber. An ash pushing plate 3 is arranged at the bottom of the ash storage chamber, and a driving mechanism 4 for pushing the ash pushing plate 3 to move back and forth is arranged outside the ash storage chamber. The driving mechanism 4 is an existing structure, and a cylinder or hydraulic cylinder pushing structure can be selected, and other structures that are convenient for pushing the ash pushing plate 3 can also be selected. An ash outlet is arranged on the side wall of the ash storage chamber opposite to the driving mechanism 4. A plurality of spiral coils 5 connected end to end are arranged at intervals in the upper and lower parts of the combustion chamber, and the lowest spiral coil 5 is connected end to end. The inlet end of the coil 5 is connected to the water inlet pipe 6, and the outlet end of the top spiral coil 5 is connected to the air outlet pipe 7. A number of vertical pipes 8 with blocked upper ends are evenly distributed in the lower part of the combustion chamber, and a number of branch pipes 9 are arranged on the vertical pipes 8. In actual use, in order to expand the distribution range of air and make the air more evenly distributed in the combustion chamber, the length of the branch pipes 9 is continuously lengthened from the top to the bottom of the vertical pipes 8, so that the air can be more evenly distributed on the horizontal cross-section in the combustion chamber, better meeting the oxygen demand during the combustion of biomass fuel, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the biomass fuel. A number of air distribution pipes 10 are arranged in the upper part of the ash storage chamber, and both ends of the air distribution pipes 10 are connected to the jacket 11, the lower end of the vertical pipe 8 is connected to the corresponding air distribution pipe 10, and an air inlet pipe 12 is arranged on the top of the jacket 11.

[0016] When the utility model is in operation, biomass fuel is put into the combustion chamber so that it is located on the grate 2 and distributed around each vertical pipe 8. After the biomass fuel is ignited, air is introduced into the jacket 11 from the air inlet pipe 12. The air first fills the space of the jacket 11 and absorbs part of the heat emitted by the combustion chamber. The air is preheated to a certain extent and enters the air distribution pipe 10. Then, the air distribution pipe 10 is introduced into each vertical pipe 8, and finally discharged through the branch pipe 9 and blown to various positions in the combustion chamber to fill the pores between the biomass fuel particles, so that the biomass fuel can contact with sufficient air, thereby ensuring that the biomass fuel can be fully burned, improving the combustion efficiency, reducing the amount of smoke generated, and reducing the pollution of the smoke to the surrounding environment; secondly, the biomass fuel is burned in the combustion chamber, and the high-temperature smoke generated flows upward. The high-temperature smoke carries a large amount of heat. In the process of flowing upward, this heat is successively mixed with each spiral coil 5, and cold water is passed into the spiral coil 5. When the cold water flows in the spiral coil 5, it continuously absorbs the heat in the high-temperature flue gas and evaporates to obtain water vapor. The water vapor is discharged from the exhaust pipe 7. The cold water absorbs the heat in the high-temperature flue gas, thereby improving the recovery and utilization of the flue gas waste heat, which not only improves the utilization rate of the flue gas waste heat and reduces the heat waste, but also can obtain water vapor and increase the water vapor production. In addition, a large amount of ash will be generated after the biomass fuel is burned. These ashes will fall into the ash storage chamber from the pores of the grate 2. The ash pushing plate 3 is driven by the driving mechanism 4 to move horizontally. The ash pushing plate 3 pushes the ash to move and discharge it from the ash outlet, and then the ash pushing plate 3 is reset. The above method can realize automatic cleaning of the ash without manual processing. The cleaning process is more convenient and the cleaning effect is better. It can effectively prevent the problems of flame head blockage and reduced biomass fuel combustion rate caused by excessive ash accumulation.

[0017] An upper annular tube 13 and a lower annular tube 14 are respectively arranged at the top and bottom of the combustion chamber, and a plurality of heat absorbing tubes 15 are evenly distributed on the side walls of the combustion chamber. The upper end of the heat absorbing tube 15 is connected to the upper annular tube 13, and the lower end of the heat absorbing tube 15 is connected to the lower annular tube 14. The lower annular tube 14 is connected to the water inlet pipe 6, and an exhaust pipe 16 is arranged on the upper annular tube 13. Cold water enters the lower annular tube 14, and then enters each heat absorbing tube 15, absorbs the heat around the combustion chamber and generates water vapor, which is then collected in the upper annular tube 13 and finally discharged through the exhaust pipe 16. The arrangement of a plurality of heat absorbing tubes 15 improves the absorption rate of flue gas waste heat, prevents the flue gas waste heat from being lost to the outside through the side walls of the combustion chamber, and thus reduces the waste of flue gas waste heat.

[0018] A steam drum 17 is arranged on the outside of the shell 1, and the ends of the air outlet pipe 7 and the exhaust pipe 16 are connected to the air inlet of the steam drum 17, and the condensate outlet of the steam drum 17 is connected to the water inlet pipe 6 through a pipeline. The cold water absorbs the heat in the flue gas in the spiral coil 5 and the heat absorbing pipe 15, evaporates to form water vapor, and the water vapor enters the steam drum 17, and the steam and water are separated in the steam drum 17. The water vapor is reasonably utilized after being output, and the separated condensed water returns to the spiral coil 5 and the heat absorbing pipe 15 through the water inlet pipe 6 to continue to be heated, and quickly generates water vapor.

[0019] A smoke exhaust pipe is provided on the top of the shell 1, and an air-water heat exchanger 18, a dust collector 19 and a gas purifier 20 are connected to the smoke exhaust pipe in sequence. The hot water outlet of the air-water heat exchanger 18 is connected to the water inlet pipe 6 through a pipeline. The air-water heat exchanger 18, the dust collector 19 and the gas purifier 20 are all existing technologies. The air-water heat exchanger 18 is used to heat cold water using the waste heat in the flue gas, which can improve the recovery rate of the waste heat of the flue gas. At the same time, the cold water is preliminarily heated so that the steam generation efficiency can be improved more quickly after the cold water enters the combustion chamber. The air-water heat exchanger 18 can adopt a shell and tube heat exchange structure or other forms of structure. The dust collector 19 is used to remove impurities such as dust and ash in the flue gas. The gas purifier 20 is used to perform desulfurization, denitrification, dehumidification and other purification treatments on the flue gas, so that the flue gas meets the national emission standards and reduces the pollution of the flue gas emissions to the surrounding environment.

[0020] A smoke return pipe 21 is provided on the smoke exhaust pipe between the dust collector 19 and the gas purifier 20, and the smoke return pipe 21 is connected to the air intake pipe 12. After the biomass fuel is burned, high-temperature flue gas is generated. The high-temperature flue gas first passes through the air-water heat exchanger 18 to heat the cold water, and then passes through the dust collector 19 for dust removal. At this time, the flue gas still contains a certain amount of heat. Part of the flue gas is returned to the air intake pipe 12 through the smoke return pipe 21 and mixed with the air in the air intake pipe 12, which can increase the temperature of the air to a certain extent and preheat the air preliminarily, which can reduce the waste of residual heat in the flue gas and increase the air temperature, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the biomass fuel.

[0021] A feeding pipe 22 is obliquely arranged in the middle of the combustion chamber, a hopper is arranged at the higher end of the feeding pipe 22, a feeding plate 23 is arranged in parallel and movable at the bottom of the feeding pipe 22, and a cylinder 24 is arranged on the feeding pipe 22 to drive the feeding plate 23 to move back and forth. Considering that in the feeding process of the biomass boiler in actual use, a large amount of biomass fuel will be accumulated in the combustion chamber on the side below the discharge end of the feeding pipe 22, while there is less biomass fuel in the combustion chamber far away from the feeding pipe 22, which causes the problem of uneven distribution of biomass fuel in the combustion chamber, and the combustion space in the combustion chamber cannot be fully utilized, which reduces the combustion efficiency of biomass fuel. In order to solve this problem, a feeding plate 23 is arranged. In the process of feeding, the feeding plate 23 is driven to translate by the cylinder 24, so that the lower end of the feeding plate 23 extends into the combustion chamber and moves, so that the biomass fuel can fall to various positions in the combustion chamber, improve the uniformity of the distribution of biomass fuel in the combustion chamber, and then make full use of the combustion space in the combustion chamber to improve the combustion efficiency of biomass fuel.

Claims

1. An energy-saving and environment-friendly biomass boiler, comprising a shell (1) and a jacket (11) arranged outside the shell (1), characterized in that The internal space of the shell (1) is divided into an upper combustion chamber and a lower ash storage chamber by a grate (2); an ash pushing plate (3) is arranged at the bottom of the ash storage chamber; a driving mechanism (4) for pushing the ash pushing plate (3) to move back and forth is arranged outside the ash storage chamber; an ash outlet is arranged on the side wall of the ash storage chamber opposite to the driving mechanism (4); a plurality of spiral coils (5) connected end to end are arranged at intervals in the upper part of the combustion chamber; the inlet end of the lowest spiral coil (5) is connected to a water inlet pipe (6), the outlet end of the topmost spiral coil (5) is connected to an air outlet pipe (7), a plurality of vertical pipes (8) with blocked upper ends are evenly distributed in the lower part of the combustion chamber, a plurality of branch pipes (9) are arranged on the vertical pipes (8), a plurality of air distribution pipes (10) are arranged in the upper part of the ash storage chamber, both ends of the air distribution pipes (10) are connected to the jacket (11), the lower end of the vertical pipe (8) is connected to the corresponding air distribution pipe (10), and an air inlet pipe (12) is arranged on the top of the jacket (11).

2. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly biomass boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that An upper annular tube (13) and a lower annular tube (14) are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the combustion chamber, and a plurality of heat absorbing tubes (15) are evenly distributed on the side walls of the combustion chamber. The upper ends of the heat absorbing tubes (15) are connected to the upper annular tube (13), and the lower ends of the heat absorbing tubes (15) are connected to the lower annular tube (14). The lower annular tube (14) is connected to the water inlet pipe (6), and an exhaust pipe (16) is arranged on the upper annular tube (13).

3. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly biomass boiler according to claim 2 is characterized in that A steam drum (17) is arranged on the outside of the shell (1), the ends of the air outlet pipe (7) and the exhaust pipe (16) are connected to the air inlet of the steam drum (17), and the condensate outlet of the steam drum (17) is connected to the water inlet pipe (6) through a pipeline.

4. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly biomass boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that A smoke exhaust pipe is provided on the top of the shell (1), and an air-water heat exchanger (18), a dust collector (19) and a gas purifier (20) are connected to the smoke exhaust pipe in sequence. The hot water outlet of the air-water heat exchanger (18) is connected to the water inlet pipe (6) through a pipeline.

5. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly biomass boiler according to claim 4 is characterized in that A smoke return pipe (21) is provided on the smoke exhaust pipe between the dust collector (19) and the gas purifier (20), and the smoke return pipe (21) is connected to the air inlet pipe (12).

6. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly biomass boiler according to claim 1 is characterized in that A feeding pipe (22) is obliquely arranged in the middle of the combustion chamber, a hopper is arranged at the higher end of the feeding pipe (22), a feeding plate (23) is movably arranged in parallel at the bottom of the feeding pipe (22), and a cylinder (24) is arranged on the feeding pipe (22) to drive the feeding plate (23) to move back and forth.

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