Protection circuit of MOS switching circuit and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to a protection circuit of an MOS switch circuit and a vehicle, the MOS switch circuit is connected with a power battery and electric equipment, the MOS switch circuit is used for transmitting power of the power battery to the electric equipment, and the protection circuit comprises a current acquisition circuit, a switch module and a pre-charging circuit; the input end of the current acquisition circuit is used for being coupled with the MOS switch circuit so as to acquire the output current of the MOS switch circuit, and the output end of the current acquisition circuit is coupled with the switch module; the pre-charging circuit is used for being connected with the MOS switching circuit in parallel, and the output current of the pre-charging circuit is smaller than the output current of the MOS switching circuit. The first output end of the switch module is coupled with the pre-charging circuit, and the second output end of the switch module is used for being coupled with the MOS switch circuit; the current acquired by the current acquisition circuit can trigger the switch module to selectively turn off the MOS switch circuit or the pre-charging circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of circuits, and in particular, to a protection circuit for a MOS switch circuit and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] The function of the short-circuit protection circuit is to immediately shut down the relevant circuits after the short-circuit current comes, to prevent the short-circuit current from causing damage to the load and battery or property loss. The current lithium battery management system (commonly known as the protection board) on the market is extremely easy to cause the MOS tube in the MOS switch circuit to be broken down during the short-circuit protection process. Once the MOS tube is broken down, the lithium battery will lose its protection function. It is well known that the chemical reaction of lithium batteries is quite intense. Once a short circuit occurs, the loss of life and property to the user is considerable.

[0003] The relevant short-circuit protection scheme is to determine whether the large current continues to exist for a certain period of time after the MOS switch circuit starts to output a large current. If the large current continues to exist for a certain period of time, the MOS tube is turned off. Utility Model Content

[0004] The main purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a protection circuit for a MOS switch circuit and a vehicle, so as to solve the problem that the MOS tube is easily broken down in the relevant short-circuit protection scheme.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a protection circuit of a MOS switch circuit, wherein the MOS switch circuit is connected to a power battery and an electric device, and the MOS switch circuit is used to transmit the power of the power battery to the electric device, and the protection circuit includes:

[0006] Current acquisition circuit, switch module and pre-charging circuit;

[0007] The input end of the current acquisition circuit is used to couple with the MOS switch circuit to collect the output current of the MOS switch circuit, and the output end of the current acquisition circuit is coupled with the switch module;

[0008] The pre-charging circuit is used to be connected in parallel with the MOS switch circuit, and the output current of the pre-charging circuit is smaller than the output current of the MOS switch circuit;

[0009] The first output end of the switch module is coupled to the pre-charging circuit, and the second output end of the switch module is used to couple to the MOS switch circuit;

[0010] The current size collected by the current collection circuit can trigger the switch module to selectively shut down the MOS switch circuit or the pre-charging circuit.

[0011] Optionally, the switch module includes a hardware control module, and the hardware control module includes:

[0012] a first comparator and a first latch;

[0013] The input terminal of the first comparator is coupled to the output terminal of the current acquisition circuit;

[0014] The output of the first comparator is coupled to the input of the first latch, the output of the first latch is used to couple with the MOS switch circuit, and the output of the comparator can trigger the first latch to output a latch signal for shutting down the MOS switch circuit.

[0015] Optionally, the output end of the first latch is used to couple with the MOS switch circuit, including:

[0016] The output end of the first latch is electrically connected to the control end of a grounding switch, the first end of the grounding switch is electrically connected to the control end of the MOS transistor in the MOS switch circuit, and the second end of the grounding switch is grounded, so that when the first latch outputs a latch signal, the control end of the MOS transistor in the MOS switch circuit is grounded, thereby disconnecting the MOS switch circuit.

[0017] Optionally, the switch module further includes a first micro control unit, wherein the first micro control unit is electrically connected to the first latch and the pre-charging circuit;

[0018] When the first latch outputs a latch signal for disconnecting the MOS switch circuit, the first latch can trigger the first micro control unit to turn on the pre-charging circuit, so that the pre-charging circuit pre-charges the electrical device;

[0019] The first micro control unit is used to control the first latch to release the latch signal after the pre-charging of the electrical device is completed.

[0020] Optionally, the protection circuit further includes a voltage collection circuit for collecting voltage information at both ends of the electrical device;

[0021] The output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is coupled to the first micro control unit, and the voltage information at both ends of the electrical device acquired by the voltage acquisition circuit can trigger the first micro control unit to control the first latch to release the latch signal to re-turn on the MOS switch circuit.

[0022] Optionally, the switch module includes a software control module, and the software control module includes:

[0023] a second comparator and a second micro control unit;

[0024] The input terminal of the second comparator is coupled to the output terminal of the current acquisition circuit;

[0025] The output end of the second comparator is coupled to the input end of the second micro control unit, and the second micro control unit is coupled to both the MOS switch circuit and the pre-charging circuit. The comparison result output by the second comparator can trigger the second micro control unit to turn off the MOS switch circuit and turn on the pre-charging circuit.

[0026] Optionally, the switch module includes a software control module, and the software control module includes:

[0027] a third comparator, a fourth comparator and a third micro control unit;

[0028] The input end of the third comparator and the input end of the fourth comparator are both coupled to the output end of the current acquisition circuit;

[0029] The output end of the third comparator is coupled to the third micro control unit, and the third comparator is used to trigger the third micro control unit to start timing;

[0030] The output terminal of the fourth comparator is coupled to the third micro control unit, and is used to trigger the third micro control unit to end timing;

[0031] The third micro control unit is coupled to both the MOS switch circuit and the pre-charging circuit, and a timing result of the third micro control unit can trigger the third micro control unit to turn off the MOS switch circuit and turn on the pre-charging circuit;

[0032] With respect to the current collected by the current collection circuit, the current that triggers the third micro control unit to start timing is smaller than the current that triggers the third micro control unit to end timing.

[0033] Optionally, the switch module includes:

[0034] a fifth comparator, a second latch, a sixth comparator and a fourth micro control unit;

[0035] The input end of the fifth comparator and the input end of the sixth comparator are both coupled to the output end of the current acquisition circuit;

[0036] The output end of the fifth comparator is coupled to the input end of the second latch and the first input end of the fourth micro control unit, the output end of the second latch is used to couple with the MOS switch circuit, and the signal release end of the second latch is connected to the first output end of the fourth micro control unit;

[0037] The output end of the sixth comparator is coupled to the second input end of the fourth micro control unit, the second output end of the fourth micro control unit is used to couple to the pre-charging circuit, and the third output end of the fourth micro control unit is coupled to the MOS switch circuit;

[0038] For the current collected by the current collection circuit, the current that triggers the second latch to output a latch signal is smaller than the current that triggers the fourth microcontroller unit to output a target signal, and the target signal is used to turn off the MOS switch circuit and turn on the pre-charging circuit.

[0039] A second aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure further provides a vehicle, comprising a MOS switch circuit, a power battery, an electrical device, and the protection circuit described in any one of the first aspects.

[0040] Optionally, the vehicle includes a plurality of the MOS switch circuits and the protection circuits, and the plurality of protection circuits are coupled to the plurality of protection circuits in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0041] By adopting the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, at least the following technical effects can be achieved:

[0042] Since the MOS switch circuit is connected in parallel with a pre-charging circuit with a smaller output current, and the switch module can selectively shut down the MOS switch circuit or the pre-charging circuit, when the MOS switch circuit outputs a large current, the switch module can immediately shut down the MOS switch circuit, and turn on the pre-charging circuit with a smaller output current to pre-charge the electrical device. If the electrical device can be pre-charged, it means that the large current output by the MOS switch circuit is a large current in the high-power consumption state of the electrical device. In this case, the switch module can turn on the MOS switch circuit again, thereby avoiding the problem of the MOS tube being easily broken down due to the related technology using the method of judging that a large current continues to exist within a certain period of time before shutting down the MOS tube, and also avoiding the problem that once the MOS switch circuit outputs a large current, the power supply of the power battery to the electrical device is disconnected, resulting in the electrical device being unable to be used normally in certain high-power consumption states.

[0043] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the present disclosure but do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure. In the accompanying drawings:

[0045] Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of a protection circuit of a MOS switch circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Figure 2 is a structural block diagram of another protection circuit of a MOS switch circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 3 is a structural block diagram of a protection circuit of another MOS switch circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 4 is a structural block diagram of another protection circuit of a MOS switch circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] Figure 5 is a structural block diagram of another protection circuit of a MOS switch circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 6 It is a detailed circuit diagram of a protection circuit of a MOS switch circuit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The specific implementation of the present disclosure is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described herein is only used to illustrate and explain the present disclosure, and is not used to limit the present disclosure.

[0052] The inventor of the present disclosure has found that in order to accurately identify whether the large current generated by the MOS switch circuit is a short-circuit current or a normal large current in the high-power consumption state of the electrical equipment, the relevant short-circuit protection scheme will not immediately shut down the MOS tube in the MOS switch circuit when the MOS switch circuit generates a large current, but will judge the duration of the large current. When the duration reaches the threshold, if the large current still exists, the MOS tube will be shut down, resulting in the problem that the MOS tube may be broken down due to untimely shutdown. However, if the MOS tube in the MOS switch circuit is immediately shut down when the MOS switch circuit generates a large current, the electrical equipment in the high-power consumption state will not be able to operate normally.

[0053] In order to solve the above problems, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a protection circuit for a MOS switch circuit and a vehicle.

[0054] First, in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a protection circuit for a MOS switch circuit is provided. Figure 1 As shown, the MOS switch circuit is connected to the power battery and the electric device, and the MOS switch circuit is used to transmit the power of the power battery to the electric device. The protection circuit 10 includes:

[0055] Current collection circuit 11, switch module 12 and pre-charging circuit 13;

[0056] The input end of the current acquisition circuit 11 is used to couple with the MOS switch circuit to collect the output current of the MOS switch circuit, and the output end of the current acquisition circuit is coupled with the switch module 12;

[0057] The pre-charging circuit 13 is used to be connected in parallel with the MOS switch circuit, and the output current of the pre-charging circuit 13 is smaller than the output current of the MOS switch circuit;

[0058] The first output end of the switch module 12 is coupled to the pre-charging circuit 13, and the second output end of the switch module 12 is used to couple to the MOS switch circuit;

[0059] The current value collected by the current collection circuit 11 can trigger the switch module 12 to selectively turn off the MOS switch circuit or the pre-charging circuit 13 .

[0060] It is worth noting that those skilled in the art should be aware that the "coupling" described in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be direct coupling, resistor-capacitor coupling, transformer coupling or photoelectric coupling. Those skilled in the art can select the coupling method according to the function implemented by the circuit, and the present disclosure does not limit this. In addition, the output current of the pre-charging circuit is less than the output current of the MOS switching circuit, which can be understood as the resistance of the pre-charging circuit is greater than the MOS switching circuit.

[0061] With the above scheme, since the MOS switch circuit is connected in parallel with the pre-charging circuit 13 with a smaller output current, and the switch module 12 can selectively shut down the MOS switch circuit or the pre-charging circuit 13, when the MOS switch circuit outputs a large current, the switch module 12 can immediately shut down the MOS switch circuit, and turn on the pre-charging circuit 13 with a smaller output current to pre-charge the electrical device. If the electrical device can be pre-charged, it indicates that the large current output by the MOS switch circuit is a large current in the high-power consumption state of the electrical device. In this case, the switch module 12 can turn on the MOS switch circuit again, thereby avoiding the problem of the MOS tube being easily broken down due to the related technology that the MOS tube is turned off only after judging that a large current continues to exist within a certain period of time, and also avoiding the problem that once the MOS switch circuit outputs a large current, the power supply of the power battery to the electrical device is disconnected, resulting in the electrical device being unable to be used normally in certain high-power consumption states.

[0062] Specifically, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide four implementation methods of the above-mentioned switch module.

[0063] Method 1: If Figure 2 As shown, the switch module 12 includes a hardware control module 121, and the hardware control module 121 includes:

[0064] a first comparator and a first latch;

[0065] The input terminal of the first comparator is coupled to the output terminal of the current acquisition circuit;

[0066] The output end of the first comparator is coupled to the input end of the first latch, and the output end of the first latch is used to couple with the MOS switch circuit. The output of the comparator can trigger the first latch to output a latch signal for shutting down the MOS switch circuit.

[0067] Furthermore, if Figure 2 As shown, the hardware control module 121 also includes a first micro control unit, which is electrically connected to the first latch and the pre-charging circuit. Wherein, when the first latch outputs a latch signal for disconnecting the MOS switch circuit, it can trigger the first micro control unit to turn on the pre-charging circuit, so that the pre-charging circuit pre-charges the electrical device; the first micro control unit is used to control the first latch to release the latch signal after the pre-charging of the electrical device is completed.

[0068] In one possible implementation, the protection circuit may further include a voltage collection circuit for collecting voltage information at both ends of the electrical device. The output end of the voltage collection circuit is coupled to the first micro control unit. The voltage information at both ends of the electrical device collected by the voltage collection circuit can trigger the first micro control unit to control the first latch to release the latch signal to re-turn on the MOS switch circuit.

[0069] In another possible implementation, the first microcontroller unit may also time the duration of the pre-charging circuit being turned on, and after the timing reaches a preset duration, control the first latch to release the latch signal to turn on the MOS switch circuit again. In this case, if the current collected by the current collection circuit triggers the first latch to turn off the MOS switch circuit again, the first microcontroller unit may no longer turn on the pre-charging circuit, and the first microcontroller unit may output a prompt message indicating that the electrical device is short-circuited.

[0070] In combination with the above two possible implementation methods, the first microcontroller unit can also time the duration of the pre-charging circuit being turned on. If the voltage increase at both ends of the electrical device collected by the voltage acquisition circuit exceeds a preset voltage value within the preset duration, the first latch is controlled to release the latch signal to re-turn on the MOS switch circuit. If the voltage increase at both ends of the electrical device collected by the voltage acquisition circuit does not exceed the preset voltage value after exceeding the preset duration, a prompt message is output to indicate that the electrical device is short-circuited.

[0071] In addition, the output terminal of the first latch is used to couple with the MOS switch circuit and may specifically include:

[0072] The output end of the first latch is electrically connected to the control end of a grounding switch, the first end of the grounding switch is electrically connected to the control end of the MOS transistor in the MOS switch circuit, and the second end of the grounding switch is grounded, so that when the first latch outputs a latch signal, the control end of the MOS transistor in the MOS switch circuit is grounded, thereby disconnecting the MOS switch circuit.

[0073] By disconnecting the MOS switch circuit in a manner of outputting a latch signal by the first latch, the timeliness of disconnecting the MOS switch circuit is improved and the risk of the MOS switch circuit being broken down is reduced.

[0074] Method 2: Figure 3 As shown, the switch module 12 includes a software control module 122, and the software control module 122 includes:

[0075] a second comparator and a second micro control unit;

[0076] The input terminal of the second comparator is coupled to the output terminal of the current collection circuit;

[0077] The output end of the second comparator is coupled to the input end of the second micro control unit, and the second micro control unit is coupled to both the MOS switch circuit and the pre-charging circuit. The comparison result output by the second comparator can trigger the second micro control unit to turn off the MOS switch circuit and turn on the pre-charging circuit.

[0078] Specifically, the first output end of the second micro control unit can be electrically connected to the control end of the MOS transistor in the MOS switch circuit, and the second output end of the second micro control unit can be electrically connected to the control end of the MOS transistor in the pre-charging circuit. The selective conduction of the MOS switch circuit and the pre-charging circuit by the second micro control unit can specifically refer to the three implementation methods in the first method, which will not be repeated here.

[0079] Compared with the first method, the second method controls the shutdown of the MOS switch circuit through the second micro control unit, thereby improving stability and avoiding the problem of failure of the protection circuit due to hardware damage (such as latch damage).

[0080] Method 3: Figure 4 As shown, the switch module 12 includes a software control module 123, and the software control module 123 includes:

[0081] a third comparator, a fourth comparator and a third micro control unit;

[0082] The input terminal of the third comparator and the input terminal of the fourth comparator are both coupled to the output terminal of the current acquisition circuit;

[0083] The output end of the third comparator is coupled to the third micro control unit, and the third comparator is used to trigger the third micro control unit to start timing;

[0084] The output terminal of the fourth comparator is coupled to the third micro control unit and is used to trigger the third micro control unit to end timing;

[0085] The third micro control unit is coupled to both the MOS switch circuit and the pre-charging circuit, and the timing result of the third micro control unit can trigger the third micro control unit to turn off the MOS switch circuit and turn on the pre-charging circuit;

[0086] With respect to the current collected by the current collection circuit, the current that triggers the third micro control unit to start timing is smaller than the current that triggers the third micro control unit to end timing.

[0087] It is worth noting that the growth slope of the short-circuit current is greater than the growth slope of the normal large current used by the electrical equipment. Therefore, the growth slope threshold can be calibrated in advance according to the growth slope of the short-circuit current and the growth slope of the normal large current used by the electrical equipment. The growth slope threshold can be, for example, less than the growth slope of the short-circuit current and greater than the growth slope of the normal large current used by the electrical equipment. In this way, the calculation result in method three can be the ratio of the difference between the reference current of the fourth comparator and the reference current of the third comparator to the timing duration. The ratio represents the growth slope of the output circuit of the MOS switch circuit. Further, if the growth slope is greater than the pre-calibrated growth slope threshold, the third micro control unit can turn off the MOS switch circuit and turn on the pre-charge circuit.

[0088] The reference currents of the third comparator and the fourth comparator in Method 3 can be smaller than the reference currents of the comparators in Methods 1 and 2. That is, compared with Methods 1 and 2, Method 3 can predict in advance whether the MOS switch circuit will generate a short-circuit current, and immediately turn off the MOS switch circuit when a short-circuit current is generated, further reducing the risk of the MOS tube being broken down.

[0089] Method 4: Figure 5 As shown, the switch module 12 includes:

[0090] a fifth comparator, a second latch, a sixth comparator and a fourth micro control unit;

[0091] The input terminal of the fifth comparator and the input terminal of the sixth comparator are both coupled to the output terminal of the current acquisition circuit;

[0092] The output end of the fifth comparator is coupled to the input end of the second latch and the first input end of the fourth micro control unit, the output end of the second latch is used to couple with the MOS switch circuit, and the signal release end of the second latch is connected to the first output end of the fourth micro control unit;

[0093] The output terminal of the sixth comparator is coupled to the second input terminal of the fourth micro control unit, the second output terminal of the fourth micro control unit is used to couple to the pre-charging circuit, and the third output terminal of the fourth micro control unit is coupled to the MOS switch circuit;

[0094] For the current collected by the current collection circuit, the current that triggers the second latch to output a latch signal is smaller than the current that triggers the fourth micro control unit to output a target signal, and the target signal is used to turn off the MOS switch circuit and turn on the pre-charging circuit.

[0095] Method 4 is a combination of method 1 and method 2. The MOS switch circuit is controlled by both hardware and software methods, which can ensure the timeliness and reliability of the shutdown of the MOS switch circuit.

[0096] It should be noted that those skilled in the art should be aware that in the above-mentioned methods 1 to 4, an amplifier (not shown in the figure) can be set between the current acquisition circuit and the above-mentioned comparator, and the reference current of the comparator can be specifically set according to the amplification factor of the amplifier. And in method 4, by designing the multiple of the amplifier and the size of the reference current of the comparator, the priority order of the actions of the hardware control module and the software control module can be set. For example, for method 4, a 10-fold amplifier can be set between the current acquisition circuit and the fifth comparator, and a 50-fold amplifier can be set between the current acquisition circuit and the sixth comparator. The reference current of the fifth comparator can be 200A, and the reference current of the sixth comparator can be 1200A. In this way, when the MOS switch circuit outputs a large current of 20A, the latch can be preferentially triggered to turn off the MOS tube in the MOS switch circuit. If the second latch fails, when the MOS switch circuit outputs a large current of 24A, the fourth micro control unit can be triggered to turn off the MOS tube in the MOS switch circuit.

[0097] It is worth noting that those skilled in the art should be aware that, according to actual needs, the above-mentioned method three and method one can also be combined, that is, method one and method three share the same microcontroller unit, and the MOS switch circuit is controlled jointly by hardware and software. In this case, the reference currents of the first comparator, the third comparator, and the fourth comparator can be designed separately. If an amplifier is also designed between the current acquisition device and the comparator, the reference currents of the first comparator, the third comparator, and the fourth comparator need to be designed in combination with the amplification factors of each amplifier, so that the software control method (i.e., method three) takes precedence over the hardware control method (method one) in execution.

[0098] A schematic diagram of another protection circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, it shows a detailed circuit diagram of the protection circuit, which can more clearly illustrate some or all of the functions of the method 1, method 2 and method 4 provided in the above embodiments, wherein MCU is a micro control unit.

[0099] The embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a vehicle, which includes a MOS switch circuit, a power battery, an electric device, and Figure 1-5 Any of the protection circuits shown in .

[0100] Those skilled in the art should know that when the vehicle is powered on, the power battery may need to output a large current. Through the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, a pre-charging circuit is adopted. When the vehicle is powered on, the switch module can immediately turn off the MOS switch circuit and turn on the pre-charging circuit for pre-charging. When the pre-charging is completed, the MOS switch circuit is turned on again. This solves the problem of completely turning off the power supply of the power battery to the vehicle when a large current is generated when the vehicle is powered on in order to avoid the breakdown of the MOS tube by a large current.

[0101] In addition, the inventors of the present disclosure have also found that in the related art, since the power current provided by the power battery is relatively large, the protection MOS tubes are usually mostly parallel mechanisms, that is, the same switch signal controls the conduction and shutdown of multiple groups of parallel MOS tubes. However, due to the certain differences in the consistency of each MOS tube itself, when the same switch signal controls the shutdown of multiple MOS tubes, it cannot be guaranteed that each MOS tube is shut down strictly at the same time. This results in that the last group of MOS tubes that are shut down will be subjected to a rated current higher than it can withstand, because other parallel MOS tubes have been shut down, and therefore are more likely to be broken down.

[0102] In view of this, in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the vehicle includes a plurality of MOS switch circuits and a plurality of protection circuits, and the plurality of protection circuits are coupled to the plurality of protection circuits in a one-to-one correspondence. That is to say, each group of MOS switch circuits is protected by a plurality of protection circuits, so that the switch module in each group of MOS switch circuits (such as the switch module 12 in the above embodiment) can calibrate the time of the switch signal issued by the switch module 12 according to the consistency difference of the MOS tubes in each MOS switch circuit, and ensure that after each switch module issues a signal for shutting down the MOS switch circuit, the MOS tubes in each switch circuit can be shut down at the same time, further reducing the problem of MOS tube breakdown.

[0103] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present disclosure, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0104] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0105] In addition, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present disclosure, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A protection circuit for a MOS switch circuit, characterized in that: The MOS switch circuit is connected to the power battery and the power-consuming device, and the MOS switch circuit is used to transmit the power of the power battery to the power-consuming device. The protection circuit includes: Current acquisition circuit, switch module and pre-charging circuit; The input end of the current acquisition circuit is used to couple with the MOS switch circuit to collect the output current of the MOS switch circuit, and the output end of the current acquisition circuit is coupled with the switch module; The pre-charging circuit is used to be connected in parallel with the MOS switch circuit, and the output current of the pre-charging circuit is smaller than the output current of the MOS switch circuit; The first output end of the switch module is coupled to the pre-charging circuit, and the second output end of the switch module is used to couple to the MOS switch circuit; The current size collected by the current collection circuit can trigger the switch module to selectively shut down the MOS switch circuit or the pre-charging circuit.

2. The protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch module includes a hardware control module, and the hardware control module includes: a first comparator and a first latch; The input terminal of the first comparator is coupled to the output terminal of the current acquisition circuit; The output of the first comparator is coupled to the input of the first latch, the output of the first latch is used to couple with the MOS switch circuit, and the output of the first comparator can trigger the first latch to output a latch signal for shutting down the MOS switch circuit.

3. The protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The output end of the first latch is used to couple with the MOS switch circuit, including: The output end of the first latch is electrically connected to the control end of a grounding switch, the first end of the grounding switch is electrically connected to the control end of the MOS transistor in the MOS switch circuit, and the second end of the grounding switch is grounded, so that when the first latch outputs a latch signal, the control end of the MOS transistor in the MOS switch circuit is grounded, thereby disconnecting the MOS switch circuit.

4. The protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The switch module further includes a first micro control unit, wherein the first micro control unit is electrically connected to the first latch and the pre-charging circuit; When the first latch outputs a latch signal for disconnecting the MOS switch circuit, the first latch can trigger the first micro control unit to turn on the pre-charging circuit, so that the pre-charging circuit pre-charges the electrical device; The first micro control unit is used to control the first latch to release the latch signal after the pre-charging of the electrical device is completed.

5. The protection circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The protection circuit also includes a voltage collection circuit for collecting voltage information at both ends of the electrical equipment; The output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is coupled to the first micro control unit, and the voltage information at both ends of the electrical device acquired by the voltage acquisition circuit can trigger the first micro control unit to control the first latch to release the latch signal to re-turn on the MOS switch circuit.

6. The protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch module includes a software control module, and the software control module includes: a second comparator and a second micro control unit; The input terminal of the second comparator is coupled to the output terminal of the current acquisition circuit; The output end of the second comparator is coupled to the input end of the second micro control unit, and the second micro control unit is coupled to both the MOS switch circuit and the pre-charging circuit. The comparison result output by the second comparator can trigger the second micro control unit to turn off the MOS switch circuit and turn on the pre-charging circuit.

7. The protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch module includes a software control module, and the software control module includes: a third comparator, a fourth comparator and a third micro control unit; The input end of the third comparator and the input end of the fourth comparator are both coupled to the output end of the current acquisition circuit; The output end of the third comparator is coupled to the third micro control unit, and the third comparator is used to trigger the third micro control unit to start timing; The output terminal of the fourth comparator is coupled to the third micro control unit, and is used to trigger the third micro control unit to end timing; The third micro control unit is coupled to both the MOS switch circuit and the pre-charging circuit, and a timing result of the third micro control unit can trigger the third micro control unit to turn off the MOS switch circuit and turn on the pre-charging circuit; With respect to the current collected by the current collection circuit, the current that triggers the third micro control unit to start timing is smaller than the current that triggers the third micro control unit to end timing.

8. The protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch module comprises: a fifth comparator, a second latch, a sixth comparator and a fourth micro control unit; The input end of the fifth comparator and the input end of the sixth comparator are both coupled to the output end of the current acquisition circuit; The output end of the fifth comparator is coupled to the input end of the second latch and the first input end of the fourth micro control unit, the output end of the second latch is used to couple with the MOS switch circuit, and the signal release end of the second latch is connected to the first output end of the fourth micro control unit; The output end of the sixth comparator is coupled to the second input end of the fourth micro control unit, the second output end of the fourth micro control unit is used to couple to the pre-charging circuit, and the third output end of the fourth micro control unit is coupled to the MOS switch circuit; For the current collected by the current collection circuit, the current that triggers the second latch to output a latch signal is smaller than the current that triggers the fourth microcontroller unit to output a target signal, and the target signal is used to turn off the MOS switch circuit and turn on the pre-charging circuit.

9. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises a MOS switch circuit, a power battery, an electrical device and a protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that The vehicle includes a plurality of the MOS switch circuits and the protection circuits, and the plurality of protection circuits are coupled to the plurality of protection circuits in a one-to-one correspondence.

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