Precise ventilation system for granary

Abstract

The utility model discloses an accurate ventilation system for a granary, which relates to the technical field of granary ventilation and comprises a plurality of ventilation openings and a plurality of circles of ventilation ducts, the ventilation ducts are arranged at the bottom of a round granary and comprise a first ventilation duct, a second ventilation duct, a third ventilation duct and a fourth ventilation duct which are arranged from outside to inside, and the first ventilation duct and the second ventilation duct are divided into upper pipelines and lower pipelines. The ventilation openings comprise the first ventilation opening, the second ventilation opening, the third ventilation opening and the fourth ventilation opening which are evenly distributed in the outer wall of the round bin. According to the utility model, by improving the existing ventilation opening form and air duct arrangement of the circular granary, the fans at different ventilation openings can be selected to be started according to different working condition requirements, the partitioned ventilation temperature control of grains in the granary is realized, and the ventilation cooling efficiency of the grains close to the granary wall is improved by increasing the ventilation area close to the granary wall; and the temperature heat exchange mode of the granary core and the granary wall is enhanced, precise ventilation is achieved, and therefore the problems that the granary ventilation process is low in efficiency, large in energy consumption, uneven, large in moisture loss and the like are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of grain silo ventilation, and specifically relates to a grain silo precision ventilation system. Background Art

[0002] The research on ventilation technology for grain storage began in the 1950s. After decades of research, my country has made great achievements and progress in mechanical ventilation technology and equipment for grain storage. In the 1980s, my country's ventilation technology entered a rapid development stage. The National Seventh Five-Year Plan Project established a systematic study on grain storage ventilation and formulated the "Technical Regulations for Mechanical Ventilation of Grain Storage". Since the construction of the National Grain Reserve in 1998, grain ventilation technology has become an essential technology for newly built warehouses. With the increasing requirements for grain storage technology, new technologies such as horizontal ventilation of flat warehouses and radial ventilation of shallow silos have been studied and applied in recent years. However, there are still problems such as low energy utilization, unreasonable ventilation system design, and low ventilation efficiency. In particular, how to improve the ventilation system of large and shallow silos, improve ventilation effects, and reduce grain moisture loss and energy consumption during ventilation are the directions and problems that need to be studied in grain storage ventilation technology. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the problems of low ventilation efficiency, high energy consumption, uneven ventilation, and high moisture loss in the existing shallow circular silo air duct layout, the utility model provides a precise ventilation system for granaries. According to the phenomenon of "hot skin and cold core" in the grain temperature zoning of the grain in the granary during grain storage, precise ventilation is achieved by improving the existing air duct layout, increasing the ventilation area at the silo wall, and strengthening the heat exchange between the silo core and the silo wall, thereby solving the problems of low efficiency, high energy consumption, uneven ventilation, and high moisture loss in the granary ventilation process.

[0004] The solution adopted by the utility model to solve its technical problems is: a precise ventilation system for a granary, including multiple ventilation openings and multiple circles of ventilation ducts, the ventilation ducts are arranged at the bottom of the round silo, including ventilation duct one, ventilation duct two, ventilation duct three and ventilation duct four arranged from the outside to the inside, the ventilation duct one and ventilation duct two are divided into an upper pipe and a lower pipe, the ventilation openings include ventilation opening one, ventilation opening two, ventilation opening three and ventilation opening four evenly distributed on the outer wall of the round silo, wherein ventilation opening one is connected with ventilation duct three and ventilation duct four, ventilation opening two is connected with the upper pipes of ventilation duct one and ventilation duct two, ventilation opening three is connected with ventilation duct one and ventilation duct two as a whole, and ventilation Port four is connected with the lower pipes of ventilation duct one and ventilation duct two, and axial flow fans are installed at the ventilation ports. Different ventilation effects can be achieved by turning on the fans at different ventilation ports. An in-warehouse ventilation trough is arranged under the granary, and the ventilation duct and the in-warehouse ventilation trough share one ventilation port. A ventilation guide adjustment plate is arranged inside the ventilation port, and the ventilation guide adjustment plate can rotate at an angle to adjust the ventilation size of the ventilation duct and the in-warehouse ventilation trough. It also includes a temperature measuring component, which includes a plurality of temperature measuring cables arranged in the warehouse, and temperature measuring sensors are evenly distributed and installed on the temperature measuring cables for real-time collection of grain temperatures at various parts of the warehouse.

[0005] Furthermore, the ventilation duct one is composed of the upper ventilation duct one and the lower ventilation duct one, forming an outermost annular air duct, the ventilation duct two is composed of the upper ventilation duct two and the lower ventilation duct two, forming an annular air duct located in the inner circle of ventilation duct one, the ventilation port two is connected with the upper ventilation duct one and the upper ventilation duct two, and the ventilation port four is connected with the lower ventilation duct one and the lower ventilation duct two.

[0006] Furthermore, a plurality of circulation pipes are arranged outside the granary, the head ends of the circulation pipes are connected to the vents through circulation pipe interfaces, an airtight butterfly valve is installed at the ends of the circulation pipes inside the granary, and the circulation pipes are double-layer insulation pipes on which circulation fans are installed.

[0007] Furthermore, a shaft is rotatably mounted in the vent, and the ventilation guide adjustment plate is rotatably mounted in the vent through the shaft. A turning handle is fixedly mounted on the outer end of the shaft, and a positioning bolt is inserted into the far end of the turning handle, and the turning handle can be positioned by the positioning bolt.

[0008] Furthermore, a vertical ventilation duct is arranged above the ventilation duct one at a certain distance, and the vertical ventilation duct is connected to the ventilation duct one.

[0009] Furthermore, a heat-insulating sealed door is installed at the ventilation opening.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0011] The utility model improves the form of existing ventilation holes and the arrangement of air ducts in a circular granary. Through multiple circles of ventilation ducts and multiple ventilation holes, with the cooperation of the ventilation ducts and the ventilation holes, fans at different ventilation holes can be selected to be opened according to different working conditions, thereby realizing zoned ventilation and temperature control of grain in the granary. By increasing the ventilation area close to the granary wall, the ventilation and cooling efficiency of grain close to the granary wall is improved, and the heat exchange method between the granary core and the granary wall is strengthened to realize precise ventilation, thereby solving the problems of low efficiency, high energy consumption, unevenness and high water loss in the ventilation process of the granary. Through the unique arrangement of air ducts, precise ventilation functions such as slow water-retaining ventilation and cooling, rapid whole-granary ventilation and precipitation with large air volume, circulation temperature uniformity in the granary, and side wall temperature control are realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 This is a plan view of the ventilation duct of the utility model;

[0013] Figure 2 This is a elevational layout diagram of the ventilation system of the utility model;

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the vent of the utility model;

[0015] Figure 4 It is an external schematic diagram of the vent of the utility model.

[0016] In the figure: 1. ventilation duct; 1-1. ventilation duct one; 1-11. upper ventilation duct one; 1-12. lower ventilation duct one; 1-2. ventilation duct two; 1-21. upper ventilation duct two; 1-22. lower ventilation duct two; 1-3. ventilation duct three; 1-4. ventilation duct four; 2. vent; 2-1. vent one; 2-2. vent two; 2-3. vent three; 2-4. vent four; 21. circulation pipe interface; 22. thermal insulation sealing door; 23. ventilation guide adjustment plate; 24. turning handle; 25. positioning bolt; 26. positioning screw hole; 3. circulation pipe; 31. airtight butterfly valve; 4. vertical ventilation duct; 5. temperature measuring component; 51. temperature measuring cable; 52. temperature measuring sensor; 6. ventilation trough in warehouse. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] See also Figure 1-4 The utility model provides a technical solution for a precise ventilation system for a granary: Example

[0019] according to Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the bottom of the silo is composed of four circles of ventilation ducts, including ventilation duct one 1-1, ventilation duct two 1-2, ventilation duct three 1-3 and ventilation duct four 1-4 arranged from the outside to the inside, wherein ventilation duct one 1-1 is composed of an upper ventilation duct one 1-11 and a lower ventilation duct one 1-12 which are closely attached to the silo wall, and the upper ventilation duct one 1-11 and the lower ventilation duct one 1-12 together form a circular ventilation duct one 1-1, ventilation duct two 1-2 is arranged in the inner circle of ventilation duct one 1-1, and is surrounded by an upper ventilation duct two 1-21 and a lower ventilation duct two 1-22 to form a circular duct, ventilation duct three 1-3 is arranged in the inner circle of ventilation duct two 1-2, and ventilation duct four 1-4 is arranged in the inner circle of ventilation duct three 1-3, and a plurality of ventilation openings 2 are evenly arranged around the silo wall on the outside of the silo, and four ventilation openings are taken as an example here, including ventilation opening one 2 -1, ventilation port two 2-2, ventilation port three 2-3 and ventilation port four 2-4, an insulated sealing door 22 is installed at the ventilation port 2, wherein the ventilation port one 2-1 is connected with the ventilation duct three 1-3 and the ventilation duct four 1-4, the ventilation port two 2-2 is connected with the upper ventilation duct one 1-11 and the upper ventilation duct two 1-21, the ventilation port three 2-3 is connected with the upper ventilation duct one 1-11, the lower ventilation duct one 1-12, the upper ventilation duct two 1-21 and the lower ventilation duct two 1-22, the ventilation port four 2-4 is connected with the lower ventilation duct one 1-12 and the lower ventilation duct two 1-22, and an axial flow fan is installed at each ventilation port 2, and a vertical ventilation duct 4 connected with the ventilation duct one 1-1 is annularly arranged at a certain distance above the ventilation duct one 1-1. By arranging the vertical ventilation duct 4, the ventilation range in the granary can be improved. In the ventilation system, by turning on the axial flow fans connected to the ventilation opening 1 2-1 and the ventilation opening 3 2-3, the ventilation duct 1 1-1, the ventilation duct 2 1-2, the ventilation duct 3 1-3 and the ventilation duct 4 1-4 can realize ventilation and cooling of the grain in the whole warehouse with a small air volume; by turning on the fans connected to the ventilation openings 1 to 4 at the same time, the ventilation duct 1 1-1, the ventilation duct 2 1-2, the ventilation duct 3 1-3 and the ventilation duct 4 1-4 can realize ventilation and cooling of the grain in the whole warehouse with a large air volume; by turning on the fans connected to the ventilation opening 2-2 and the ventilation opening 4 2-4, the ventilation duct 1 1-1 and the ventilation duct 2 1-2 can realize ventilation and cooling of the grain near the outer wall area of ​​the warehouse; by turning on the fans connected to the ventilation opening 1 2-1, the ventilation duct 3 1-3 and the ventilation duct 4 1-4 can realize ventilation and cooling of the grain near the warehouse core area. By turning on the axial flow fans of different ventilation openings 2, different positions in the circular warehouse can be ventilated, and the air volume can be adjusted to achieve different ventilation effects.

[0020] A plurality of circulation pipes 3 are arranged outside the silo, and a circulation pipe interface 21 is arranged on the side of the vent 2. The head end of the circulation pipe 3 is connected to the vent 2 through the circulation pipe interface 21. The circulation pipe 3 is a double-layer insulation pipe, and an airtight butterfly valve 31 is installed at the end of the silo part. A circulation fan is installed on the circulation pipe 3. Similar to the above ventilation path, the circulation fan of each vent 2 can be turned on to achieve uniform temperature of grain circulation in the silo. The ventilation system can select fans connected to different ventilation ducts 1 according to different working conditions to achieve flexible and precise ventilation of different areas of grain in the silo.

[0021] In specific use, the utility model provides a precise ventilation system for a granary. First, an axial flow fan and a circulating flow fan are respectively installed at each ventilation opening 2. Then, the fans at different ventilation openings 2 are selected to be opened according to the temperature of each area in the granary. When the axial flow fans connected to ventilation opening 2-1 and ventilation opening 2-3 are opened, the two fans ventilate ventilation duct 1-1, ventilation duct 2 1-2, ventilation duct 3 1-3 and ventilation duct 4 1-4, so as to realize ventilation and cooling of grain in the whole warehouse with a small air volume. When the axial flow fans connected to all ventilation openings 2 are opened, the four fans ventilate ventilation duct 1-1, ventilation duct 2 1-2, ventilation duct 3 1-3 and ventilation duct 4 1-4 at the same time, so as to realize ventilation and cooling of grain in the whole warehouse with a large air volume. The grain in the warehouse is ventilated and cooled. When the axial flow fans connected to the ventilation port 2-2 and the ventilation port 4-2-4 are turned on, the ventilation duct 1-1 and the ventilation duct 2 1-2 are ventilated to realize ventilation and cooling of the grain near the outer wall area of ​​the warehouse. When the axial flow fan connected to the ventilation port 1 2-1 is turned on, the ventilation duct 3 1-3 and the ventilation duct 4 1-4 are ventilated to realize ventilation and cooling of the grain near the warehouse core area. By turning on the axial flow fans of different ventilation ports 2, different positions in the circular warehouse can be ventilated, and the air volume can be adjusted to achieve different ventilation effects. In the process of ventilation, the circulation fan corresponding to the ventilation port 2 can also be turned on to realize circulation in the warehouse through the circulation pipe 3 to improve the ventilation effect. Example

[0022] On the basis of the first embodiment, a silo ventilation trough 6 is provided under the granary, the ventilation duct 1 and the silo ventilation trough 6 share a vent 2, a ventilation guide adjustment plate 23 is provided inside the vent 2, a shaft is provided through the vent 2 for rotation, the ventilation guide adjustment plate 23 is fixed on the shaft, a handle 24 is provided on the outer end of the shaft, a positioning bolt 25 is inserted through the far end of the handle 24, and a plurality of positioning screw holes 26 are provided on the outer surface of the vent 2, the handle 24 can be fixed in the designated positioning screw hole 26 by the positioning bolt 25, and the silo ventilation system can drive the ventilation guide by rotating the handle 24 The adjustment plate 23 rotates in the vent 2, and the ventilation guide adjustment plate 23 can be rotated to different angles. By rotating the ventilation guide adjustment plate 23 to different angles, the ventilation size of the vent 2 and the ventilation size of the ventilation trough 6 in the warehouse can be adjusted, and the ventilation guide adjustment plate 23 can also be rotated to a position where the ventilation duct 1 is completely closed or the ventilation trough 6 in the warehouse is completely closed, so that the granary can choose to use the ventilation method of the ventilation duct 1 or the ventilation trough 6 in the warehouse according to the ventilation requirements, and can also ventilate the ventilation duct 1 and the ventilation trough 6 in the warehouse at the same time to form a multi-level ventilation system to achieve better ventilation effect. Example

[0023] On the basis of the first embodiment, a temperature measuring component 5 is provided in the circular silo, including a plurality of temperature measuring cables 51 vertically arranged in the silo, the temperature measuring cables 51 on the same cylindrical surface form a circle of temperature measuring surface, the plurality of circles of temperature measuring cables 51 are respectively distributed between adjacent ventilation ducts 1, and temperature measuring sensors 52 are evenly installed on the temperature measuring cables 51. The temperature measuring component 5 can collect the grain temperature of various parts in the silo in real time through the temperature measuring sensor 52, and the temperature measurement result fed back by the temperature measuring component 5 can control the ventilation state of each vent 2, so that the silo can achieve precise ventilation according to the grain temperature in various parts of the silo. During the ventilation process, when it is detected that the grain temperature reaches the expected target temperature, it can be fed back to the control system to realize automatic start and stop of the fan. Combined with the temperature measuring component in the silo, intelligent ventilation of the grain in the silo can be realized, thereby solving the problems of low efficiency, high energy consumption, unevenness and high water loss in the ventilation process of the silo.

[0024] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grain silo precision ventilation system, comprising a plurality of ventilation openings (2) and a plurality of ventilation ducts (1), characterized in that: The ventilation duct (1) is arranged at the bottom of the silo, and includes ventilation duct one (1-1), ventilation duct two (1-2), ventilation duct three (1-3) and ventilation duct four (1-4) arranged from the outside to the inside, wherein the ventilation duct one (1-1) and ventilation duct two (1-2) are divided into an upper pipe and a lower pipe, and the ventilation opening (2) includes ventilation opening one (2-1), ventilation opening two (2-2), ventilation opening three (2-3) and ventilation opening four (2-4) uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the silo, wherein the ventilation opening one (2-1) is connected with the ventilation duct three (1-3) and ventilation duct four (1-4), the ventilation opening two (2-2) is connected with the upper pipes of the ventilation duct one (1-1) and the ventilation duct two (1-2), the ventilation opening three (2-3) is generally connected with the ventilation duct one (1-1) and the ventilation duct two (1-2), and the ventilation opening four (2-4 ) is connected to the lower pipes of ventilation duct 1 (1-1) and ventilation duct 2 (1-2), an axial flow fan is installed at the ventilation opening (2), and different ventilation effects can be achieved by turning on the fans at different ventilation openings (2); an in-garbage ventilation trough (6) is arranged below the granary, the ventilation duct (1) and the in-garbage ventilation trough (6) share a ventilation opening (2), a ventilation guide adjustment plate (23) is arranged inside the ventilation opening (2), and the ventilation guide adjustment plate (23) can rotate to adjust the ventilation size of the ventilation duct (1) and the in-garbage ventilation trough (6); and also includes a temperature measuring component (5), the temperature measuring component (5) includes a plurality of temperature measuring cables (51) arranged in the granary, and temperature measuring sensors (52) are evenly distributed and installed on the temperature measuring cables (51) for real-time collection of grain temperatures at various locations in the granary.

2. A grain silo precision ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation duct one (1-1) is composed of an upper ventilation duct one (1-11) and a lower ventilation duct one (1-12), forming an outermost annular air duct; the ventilation duct two (1-2) is composed of an upper ventilation duct two (1-21) and a lower ventilation duct two (1-22), forming an annular air duct located in the inner circle of the ventilation duct one (1-1); the ventilation opening two (2-2) is connected to the upper ventilation duct one (1-11) and the upper ventilation duct two (1-21); the ventilation opening four (2-4) is connected to the lower ventilation duct one (1-12) and the lower ventilation duct two (1-22).

3. A grain silo precision ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of circulation pipes (3) are arranged outside the granary. The head ends of the circulation pipes (3) are connected to the vents (2) via circulation pipe interfaces (21). An airtight butterfly valve (31) is installed at the ends of the circulation pipes (3) in the granary. The circulation pipes (3) are double-layer insulation pipes, and circulation fans are installed on the circulation pipes (3).

4. The grain silo precision ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shaft is rotatably mounted in the ventilation opening (2), and the ventilation guide adjustment plate (23) is rotatably mounted in the ventilation opening (2) via the shaft. A rotating handle (24) is fixedly mounted on the outer end of the shaft, and a positioning bolt (25) is inserted into the far end of the rotating handle (24). The rotating handle (24) can be positioned by the positioning bolt (25).

5. The grain silo precision ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vertical ventilation duct (4) is arranged above the ventilation duct one (1-1) at a certain distance, and the vertical ventilation duct (4) is connected to the ventilation duct one (1-1).

6. The grain silo precision ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat-insulating sealing door (22) is installed at the ventilation opening (2).

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