Battery charging and discharging device suitable for steep slope slow descent of electric vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery charging and discharging device suitable for steep slope slow descent of an electric vehicle. The battery charging and discharging device comprises a box body, a battery, a battery circuit board, a master control circuit board, a charger and a controller. The battery, the battery circuit board and the master control circuit board are arranged in the box body; the battery circuit board is electrically connected with the battery and is used for acquiring use state information of the battery and controlling the battery to charge and discharge; the master control circuit board is electrically connected with the battery circuit board and is used for mutually transmitting information with the battery circuit board and transmitting an operation instruction to the battery circuit board; the master control circuit board is electrically connected with the controller and is used for mutually transmitting information and operation instructions with the controller; the charger is electrically connected with the battery and used for transmitting electric energy to the battery. According to the battery charging and discharging device, RS485 circuit communication is carried out through the master control circuit board and the control circuit board of the battery, the 51 single-chip microcomputer is used for controlling the large current generated by the motor to charge the battery in the steep slope slow descending process of the electric vehicle, effective collection of electric energy is completed, and the operation safety of an electric vehicle controller is protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of steep slope descent control for electric vehicles, in particular to a battery charging and discharging device suitable for steep slope descent control for electric vehicles. Background Art

[0002] Hill descent control technology is an auxiliary function of electric vehicles during driving. When the vehicle is going downhill, this function can assist the mechanical brakes, allowing the loaded vehicle to go downhill at a stable and slow speed on the downhill section.

[0003] The process of electric vehicles descending a steep slope is also the process of the motor generating electricity. When in the state of the steep slope descent function:

[0004] When the vehicle's running speed is lower than the set speed, the vehicle's mechanical energy is small, the motor's power generation is small, and a small current and voltage are generated, driving the vehicle to travel at a constant speed, and the vehicle is charged slowly;

[0005] When the vehicle running speed is greater than the set speed, the vehicle's mechanical energy is large, the motor generates a large amount of power, and can generate a large current and voltage, driving the vehicle speed to reduce to the set speed range, and the vehicle battery is quickly charged, thereby realizing the steep slope descent function.

[0006] However, in a steep slope environment, the vehicle speed may be much greater than the maximum allowed speed of the vehicle, and the lithium battery installed in the vehicle has voltage and current protection functions. The voltage and current generated by the motor in this process are much greater than the battery's protection voltage and protection current. Therefore, the lithium battery cannot be charged, causing the controller to be damaged due to high voltage, large current and other reasons. Utility Model Content

[0007] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a battery charging and discharging device suitable for electric vehicles to slowly descend on a steep slope.

[0008] The technical solution of the utility model is:

[0009] A battery charging and discharging device suitable for electric vehicles to descend a steep slope, comprising a box, a battery, a battery circuit board, a master control circuit board, a charger and a controller; the battery, the battery circuit board and the master control circuit board are fixedly arranged inside the box; the battery circuit board is electrically connected to the battery, and is used to obtain the battery usage status information and control the battery to perform charging and discharging operations; the master control circuit board is electrically connected to the battery circuit board, and is used to exchange information with the battery circuit board and transmit operation instructions to the battery circuit board; the master control circuit board is electrically connected to the controller, and is used to exchange information and operation instructions with the controller; the charger is electrically connected to the battery, and is used to transmit electric energy to the battery.

[0010] Furthermore, the master control circuit board includes a third PCB circuit board, and a third 51 single-chip microcomputer and a third RS485 circuit arranged on the third PCB circuit board; the third 51 single-chip microcomputer is electrically connected to the third RS485 circuit via a UART serial port.

[0011] Furthermore, the controller is provided with a fourth RS485 circuit and an MCU microcontroller chip; the fourth RS485 circuit is electrically connected to the MCU microcontroller chip; the fourth RS485 circuit is electrically connected to the third RS485 circuit.

[0012] Furthermore, the battery includes a main battery and a sub-battery, and the main battery and the sub-battery are connected in parallel; the battery circuit board includes a main battery circuit board and a sub-battery circuit board; the main battery circuit board is electrically connected to the main battery, and is used to collect power information of the main battery and control the charging and discharging operations of the main battery; the sub-battery circuit board is electrically connected to the sub-battery, and is used to collect power information of the sub-battery and control the charging and discharging operations of the sub-battery.

[0013] Furthermore, the main battery circuit board includes a first PCB circuit board, and a first 51 single-chip microcomputer and a first RS485 circuit arranged on the first PCB circuit board; the first 51 single-chip microcomputer is electrically connected to the main battery, and is electrically connected to the first RS485 circuit through a UART serial port; the first RS485 circuit is electrically connected to the third RS485 circuit.

[0014] Furthermore, the auxiliary battery circuit board includes a second PCB circuit board, and a second 51 single-chip microcomputer and a second RS485 circuit arranged on the second PCB circuit board; the second 51 single-chip microcomputer is electrically connected to the auxiliary battery, and is electrically connected to the second RS485 circuit through a UART serial port; the second RS485 circuit is electrically connected to the third RS485 circuit.

[0015] Furthermore, the box is provided with an input / output port; the part of the input / output port located inside the box is electrically connected to the battery; the part of the input / output port located outside the box is electrically connected to the charger and the power consumption unit of the electric vehicle.

[0016] Furthermore, the battery charging and discharging device also includes a display instrument, which is electrically connected to the master control circuit board and is used to receive and display information transmitted by the master control circuit board.

[0017] Furthermore, the battery charging and discharging device also includes a monitoring device, which is arranged inside the box and electrically connected to the battery and the battery circuit board respectively, for obtaining battery usage status information and transmitting the information to the battery circuit board.

[0018] Furthermore, the monitoring device includes but is not limited to a temperature sensor, a voltage sensor and a current sensor.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0020] 1. The battery charging and discharging device recorded in the utility model is provided with a control circuit board for the battery, and further performs RS485 circuit communication with the control circuit board of the battery through the master control circuit board, and utilizes the powerful processing capability of the 51 single-chip microcomputer to complete the charging of the battery by the large current generated by the motor of the electric vehicle during the steep slope descent, complete the effective collection of electric energy, protect the operating safety of the electric vehicle controller, enable the controller to operate stably, and effectively extend its service life.

[0021] 2. The battery charging and discharging device recorded in the utility model is provided with a main battery and a sub-battery, and can allocate the power of the main battery and the sub-battery according to actual operation requirements, and further use the 51 single-chip microcomputer to control the main battery and the sub-battery to complete different charging and discharging operations, and can automatically cancel the steep slope descent function when the main battery and the sub-battery are fully charged, thereby avoiding damage to the battery such as heating caused by overcharging and improving the endurance of the electric vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the battery charging and discharging device in the exemplary embodiment.

[0023] 1-Box, 101-Input / Output Ports

[0024] 201-main battery, 202-secondary battery;

[0025] 3-main battery circuit board, 301-first PCB circuit board, 302-first 51 single chip microcomputer, 303-first RS485 circuit;

[0026] 4-secondary battery circuit board, 401-second PCB circuit board, 402-second 51 single chip microcomputer, 403-second RS485 circuit;

[0027] 5- master control circuit board, 501- third PCB circuit board, 502- third 51 single chip microcomputer, 503- third RS485 circuit;

[0028] 6- Charger;

[0029] 7-controller, 701-fourth RS485 circuit, 702-MCU microcontroller chip;

[0030] 8- Power consumption unit;

[0031] 901 - temperature sensor, 902 - voltage sensor, 903 - current sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] It should be noted that:

[0033] 1. Certain words are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art should understand that technicians may use different nouns to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not use the difference in nouns as a way to distinguish components, but use the difference in components' functions as the criterion for distinction.

[0034] 2. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "setting", "connection", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0035] 3. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the common meanings understood by persons with ordinary skills in the field to which this disclosure belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components.

[0036] The present invention is described in detail below by way of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] As attached Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment records a battery charging and discharging device suitable for electric vehicles to slowly descend a steep slope, including a box body 1, a main battery 201, an auxiliary battery 202, a main battery circuit board 3, an auxiliary battery circuit board 4, a master control circuit board 5, a charger 6, and a controller 7.

[0038] The box body 1 is used to load and fix the main battery 201 and the auxiliary battery 202 arranged therein. The main battery 201 and the auxiliary battery 202 are both configured as lithium batteries and are connected in parallel through wires.

[0039] When the total battery power of the electric vehicle is set, the capacity of the main battery 201 can be set to 80% of the total battery power, and the capacity of the auxiliary battery 202 can be set to 20% of the total battery power; or, the battery power distribution can be set according to actual operation requirements.

[0040] The housing 1 is provided with an input / output port 101 , the portion of the input / output port 101 located inside the housing 1 is electrically connected to the main battery 201 and the sub-battery 202 , and the portion located outside the housing 1 is electrically connected to the charger 6 and the power consumption unit 8 .

[0041] During the steep descent of the electric vehicle, the motor generates back electromotive force and back charging current, and the current is transmitted to the main battery 201 and / or the sub-battery 202 through the charger 6 and the input / output port 101 to charge the main battery 201 and / or the sub-battery 202; the power stored in the main battery 201 and / or the sub-battery 202 is transmitted to the power consumption unit 8 through the input / output port 101.

[0042] The main battery circuit board 3 is disposed inside the housing 1 and is electrically connected to the main battery 201 . It is used to collect battery information including but not limited to the power level of the main battery 201 and control the charging and discharging operations of the main battery 201 .

[0043] The main battery circuit board 3 includes a first PCB circuit board 301, and a first 51 single chip microcomputer 302, a first RS485 circuit 303, and other basic electronic components arranged on the first PCB circuit board 301.

[0044] The first 51 single chip microcomputer 302 is electrically connected to the main battery 201, and is electrically connected to the first RS485 circuit 303 through the UART serial port.

[0045] The first 51 single chip microcomputer 302 is used to collect the power information of the main battery 201, communicate with the main control circuit board 5 through the first RS485 circuit 303, receive and execute the operation instructions of the main control circuit board 5; and control the main battery 201 to perform charging and discharging operations through the written control program.

[0046] The auxiliary battery circuit board 4 is disposed inside the housing 1 and is electrically connected to the auxiliary battery 202 , and is used to collect battery information including but not limited to the power level of the auxiliary battery 202 , and to control the charging and discharging operations of the auxiliary battery 202 .

[0047] The auxiliary battery circuit board 4 includes a second PCB circuit board 401, and a second 51 single chip microcomputer 402, a second RS485 circuit 403, and other basic electronic components arranged on the second PCB circuit board 401.

[0048] The second 51 single chip microcomputer 402 is electrically connected to the secondary battery 202, and is electrically connected to the second RS485 circuit 403 via the UART serial port.

[0049] The second 51 single chip microcomputer 402 is used to collect the power information of the auxiliary battery 202, communicate with the main control circuit board 5 through the second RS485 circuit 403, receive and execute the operation instructions of the main control circuit board 5; and control the charging and discharging operations of the auxiliary battery 202 through the written control program.

[0050] The master control circuit board 5 is arranged inside the box, and includes a third PCB circuit board 501, and a third 51 single chip computer 502, a third RS485 circuit 503, and other basic electronic components arranged on the third PCB circuit board 501. The third 51 single chip computer 502 is electrically connected to the third RS485 circuit 503 through a UART serial port.

[0051] The controller 7 is provided with a fourth RS485 circuit 701 , and the fourth RS485 circuit 701 is electrically connected to an MCU microcontroller chip 702 built into the controller 7 .

[0052] The master control circuit board 5 is electrically connected to the controller 7 and performs information communication via the third RS485 circuit 503 and the fourth RS485 circuit 701 to obtain the operating status of the controller 7, including but not limited to power on, start, pause, steep slope descent, etc.

[0053] The third 51 single-chip microcomputer 502 analyzes the operating status of the controller 7 through the burned control program, and transmits operating instructions to the first 51 single-chip microcomputer 302 and the second 51 single-chip microcomputer 402 through the synchronous information communication between the third RS485 circuit 503 and the first RS485 circuit 303 and the second RS485 circuit 403, thereby controlling the main battery 201 and the auxiliary battery 202 to perform related operating operations, such as charging and discharging operations.

[0054] During the process of the vehicle descending a steep slope, based on the real-time communication of the RS485 circuit, the third 51 single-chip microcomputer 502 receives and determines the power levels of the main battery 201 and the auxiliary battery 202, and sequentially performs the charging operations of the main battery 201 and the auxiliary battery 202, that is, the auxiliary battery 202 is charged after the main battery 201 is fully charged.

[0055] After the main battery 201 and the auxiliary battery 202 are fully charged, or when the vehicle is driving normally, the third 51 single-chip microcomputer 502 transmits an operation instruction to the controller 7 to drive the controller 7 to turn off the steep slope descent function, and give priority to controlling the discharge operation of the auxiliary battery 202. When the power of the auxiliary battery 202 is less than 10%, it switches to the main battery 201 for discharge.

[0056] The above RS485 communication circuit can also be replaced by a CAN communication circuit.

[0057] As a preference,

[0058] 1. The battery charging and discharging device described in this embodiment also includes a display instrument, which can be provided separately or shared with the instrument panel carried by the electric vehicle. The display instrument is electrically connected to the main control circuit board 5 and is used to receive and display the power information of the main battery 201 and the auxiliary battery 202 transmitted by the main control circuit board 5.

[0059] 2. The third 51 single-chip computer 502 adopts the Lingou LKS32 control chip, which can adjust the protection thresholds of the main battery 201 and the auxiliary battery 202 according to the actual operation requirements of the vehicle, ensuring that the vehicle can be charged normally during different steep slope descent processes.

[0060] 3. The third 51 single-chip computer 502 is recorded with a switch function program for controlling the discharge operation of the main battery 201 and the auxiliary battery 202. Specifically, according to the information transmitted by the third RS485 circuit 503, it determines and outputs the main battery 201 or the auxiliary battery 202 separate discharge operation instructions, or the main battery 201 and the auxiliary battery 202 simultaneous discharge operation instructions. This program can ensure the battery performance and prevent the battery from being fully charged when descending a steep slope, thereby protecting the controller and the battery.

[0061] 4. The battery charging and discharging device recorded in this embodiment has a third single-chip microcomputer 502 of the main control circuit board which is also written with a MOS tube on-off function program, so that the main battery 201 and the auxiliary battery 202 can play a battery cut-off function. When the vehicle is not started, the battery cut-off function can prevent the main battery 201 and the auxiliary battery 202 from generating a pressure difference, thereby preventing the main battery 201 and the auxiliary battery 202 from charging each other.

[0062] 5. The battery charging and discharging device described in this embodiment also includes monitoring sensors, including but not limited to a temperature sensor 901, a voltage sensor 902, and a current sensor 903. The monitoring sensor is fixedly installed inside the box, electrically connected to the main battery and / or the auxiliary battery, and is used to obtain the temperature, voltage and current monitoring information of the main battery and the auxiliary battery, and transmit the monitoring information to the first 51 single-chip microcomputer 302 and / or the second 51 single-chip microcomputer 402.

[0063] The above shows and describes the basic principle, main features and advantages of the utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that the utility model is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principle of the utility model. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, the utility model may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the utility model to be protected.

Claims

1. A battery charging and discharging device suitable for electric vehicles to descend steep slopes, characterized in that: Including box, battery, battery circuit board, master control circuit board, charger and controller; The battery, battery circuit board and master control circuit board are fixedly arranged inside the box; The battery circuit board is electrically connected to the battery and is used to obtain the usage status information of the battery and control the battery to perform charging and discharging operations; The master control circuit board is electrically connected to the battery circuit board, and is used to transmit information to and from the battery circuit board, and transmit operation instructions to the battery circuit board; The master control circuit board is electrically connected to the controller and is used to transmit information and operation instructions to and from the controller; The charger is electrically connected to the battery and is used for transmitting electrical energy to the battery.

2. A battery charging and discharging device suitable for electric vehicles for slow descent on steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The master control circuit board includes a third PCB circuit board, and a third 51 single-chip microcomputer and a third RS485 circuit arranged on the third PCB circuit board; The third 51 single chip microcomputer is electrically connected to the third RS485 circuit via the UART serial port.

3. A battery charging and discharging device suitable for electric vehicles for slow descent on steep slopes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The controller is provided with a fourth RS485 circuit and an MCU microcontroller chip; The fourth RS485 circuit is electrically connected to the MCU microcontroller chip; The fourth RS485 circuit is electrically connected to the third RS485 circuit.

4. A battery charging and discharging device suitable for electric vehicles for slow descent on steep slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The battery comprises a main battery and a sub-battery, wherein the main battery and the sub-battery are connected in parallel; The battery circuit board includes a main battery circuit board and a sub-battery circuit board; The main battery circuit board is electrically connected to the main battery, and is used to collect power information of the main battery and control the charging and discharging operation of the main battery; The auxiliary battery circuit board is electrically connected to the auxiliary battery and is used to collect power information of the auxiliary battery and control the charging and discharging operation of the auxiliary battery.

5. A battery charging and discharging device suitable for electric vehicles for slow descent on steep slopes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main battery circuit board includes a first PCB circuit board, and a first 51 single chip microcomputer and a first RS485 circuit arranged on the first PCB circuit board; The first 51 single chip microcomputer is electrically connected to the main battery, and is electrically connected to the first RS485 circuit via a UART serial port; The first RS485 circuit is electrically connected to the third RS485 circuit.

6. A battery charging and discharging device suitable for electric vehicles for slow descent on a steep slope according to claim 4, characterized in that: The auxiliary battery circuit board includes a second PCB circuit board, and a second 51 single-chip microcomputer and a second RS485 circuit arranged on the second PCB circuit board; The second 51 single chip microcomputer is electrically connected to the secondary battery, and is electrically connected to the second RS485 circuit via a UART serial port; The second RS485 circuit is electrically connected to the third RS485 circuit.

7. A battery charging and discharging device suitable for electric vehicles for slow descent on a steep slope according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The box is provided with an input / output port; The portion of the input / output port located inside the box is electrically connected to the battery; The portion of the input / output port located outside the box is electrically connected to the charger and the power unit of the electric vehicle.

8. A battery charging and discharging device suitable for electric vehicles for slow descent on a steep slope according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The battery charging and discharging device also includes a display instrument, which is electrically connected to the master control circuit board and is used to receive and display information transmitted by the master control circuit board.

9. A battery charging and discharging device suitable for electric vehicles for slow descent on a steep slope according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The battery charging and discharging device also includes a monitoring device, which is arranged inside the box and electrically connected to the battery and the battery circuit board respectively, and is used to obtain battery usage status information and transmit the information to the battery circuit board.

10. A battery charging and discharging device suitable for electric vehicles for slow descent on a steep slope according to claim 9, characterized in that: The monitoring device includes a temperature sensor, a voltage sensor and a current sensor.

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