Hidden rubble wall external high-strength steel / FRP (Fiber Reinforce Plastic) rib anti-lateral combined frame

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hidden rubble wall body external high-strength steel / FRP (Fiber Reinforce Plastic) rib lateral-resistant combined frame, which comprises a steel frame, the steel frame is arranged on the four inner walls of a hidden rubble wall body in a fitting manner, and the bottom end of the steel frame is fixed with the ground through a pre-embedded ground anchor; and the prestressed tendons are arranged on the side face of the steel frame in an inclined crossing mode to form a trigram shape, two sets of prestressed tendons are arranged on one side of the steel frame, and the prestressed tendons are attached to the inner wall of the hidden type rubble wall body. According to the external high-strength steel / FRP rib lateral-resistant combined frame for the hidden rubble wall body, the problems that the surface of the hidden rubble wall body can be damaged by an existing reinforcing mode of embedding FRP ribs, and morphological characteristics of a hidden building are damaged are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of civil engineering structure reinforcement, in particular to a Tibetan rubble stone wall externally mounted high-strength steel / FRP reinforcement side-resisting composite frame. Background Art

[0002] Traditional Tibetan rubble stone masonry houses with stone and wood structures are widely distributed in Tibet and its surrounding Tibetan areas. They are still used today because of their simple masonry technology, convenient materials, and unique regional culture. This type of structure is mainly built according to experience. The outer wall is made of rubble stone and yellow mud to bear the weight of the building, and the internal wooden beam structure is used to transfer the load. On the whole, a coordinated force mode is formed with rubble stone masonry walls as the main load-bearing and wooden structure as the auxiliary force transmission.

[0003] Due to the material defects such as the irregular shape of the rubble and the poor mechanical properties of the yellow mud, the Tibetan rubble stone wall has a large weight and poor integrity, and has not been designed for earthquake resistance, making it prone to overall or partial collapse.

[0004] In order to solve this problem, the application number is: CN219931328U A Tibetan rubble stone wall, which has the function of applying FRP prestressed tendons to the assembled Tibetan rubble stone wall, improving the structural ductility of the Tibetan rubble stone wall, and improving the integrity of the Tibetan rubble stone wall through the ECC layer. However, the reinforcement method of embedding FRP tendons in the structure will damage the surface of the Tibetan rubble stone wall, and there is a problem of damaging the morphological characteristics of Tibetan buildings. Utility Model Content

[0005] An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and / or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages to be described below.

[0006] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages according to the utility model, a Tibetan rubble stone wall external high-strength steel / FRP reinforcement side-resisting composite frame is provided, comprising:

[0007] A steel frame is fitted on the four inner walls of the Tibetan rubble stone wall, and the bottom end of the steel frame is fixed to the foundation by pre-buried anchors;

[0008] Prestressed tendons are arranged on the side of the steel frame in an obliquely crossed "yao" shape, with two groups arranged on one side. The prestressed tendons are attached to the inner wall of the Tibetan rubble stone wall.

[0009] Preferably, the structure of the steel frame includes:

[0010] A vertical steel column is vertically arranged on the inner side of the Tibetan rubble stone wall;

[0011] A transverse steel beam is transversely arranged inside the Tibetan rubble stone wall and is bolted to the vertical steel column.

[0012] Preferably, the vertical steel column comprises:

[0013] A vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column is vertically arranged at the inner wall corner of the Tibetan rubble stone wall;

[0014] A vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column is vertically fitted at the center of the inner wall of one side of the Tibetan rough stone wall, and multiple groups of triangular steel ribs are evenly welded on the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column and the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column;

[0015] The bottom end of the vertical steel column is provided with bolts and is anchored to the ground through pre-buried anchors.

[0016] Preferably, the transverse steel beam comprises:

[0017] A transverse plane steel beam, which is transversely arranged at the base of the inner wall of the Tibetan rubble stone wall;

[0018] A transversely ribbed L-shaped steel beam is transversely arranged at the upper edge of the inner wall of the Tibetan rubble stone wall, and a plurality of groups of triangular steel ribs are welded to the transversely ribbed L-shaped steel beam;

[0019] The transverse plane steel beam and the transverse ribbed L-shaped steel beam are bolted between the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column and the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column by high-strength bolts.

[0020] Preferably, the structure of the prestressed tendons includes:

[0021] FRP prestressed tendons;

[0022] Prestressed tendon sleeve anchors are arranged at both ends of the FRP prestressed tendons. The FRP prestressed tendons are anchored and connected to the vertical steel columns through the prestressed tendon sleeve anchors, and form an oblique cross "yao" shape between the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel columns and the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel columns.

[0023] Preferably, the structure of the prestressed tendon sleeve anchor comprises:

[0024] Reinforcement anchors, which are arranged at both ends of the FRP prestressed reinforcement;

[0025] A leveling gasket is sleeved on the tendon anchor, and the FRP prestressed tendons and the triangular steel ribs are anchored and connected through the tendon anchor.

[0026] The utility model at least has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The utility model can carry out non-destructive reinforcement of existing Tibetan rubble stone wall houses; through the support of the internal steel frame, new lateral resistance is provided for the existing Tibetan rubble stone wall houses, the ductility and stress deformation mode of the original structure of the Tibetan rubble stone wall are improved, and the seismic performance of the Tibetan rubble stone wall houses is improved; through the tensioning of prestressed tendons, the inward collapse of the wall is avoided, the overturning trend and destruction time of the Tibetan rubble stone wall houses are delayed, the integrity of the Tibetan rubble stone wall houses is improved, and then the seismic performance of the Tibetan rubble stone wall houses is improved, thereby realizing the reinforcement of the existing Tibetan rubble stone wall houses, and having the beneficial effects of improving the structural ductility and enhancing the overall seismic performance.

[0028] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through research and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a single-side front view of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a single-sided steel frame of the utility model;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a single-side top view of the utility model;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom connection of the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom connection of the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column of the utility model;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the top connection of the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column of the utility model;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the top connection of the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column of the utility model;

[0037] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the prestressed tendon structure of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0039] It should be understood that the terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0040] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the orientation or position relationship indicated by the term is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] In the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "sleeved / connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. It can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] In addition, in the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0043] The following is a detailed description of this experimental novelty with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0044] Figure 1-9 The utility model shows a Tibetan rubble stone wall external high-strength steel / FRP reinforcement side-resisting composite frame, comprising:

[0045] A steel frame 10 is fitted on the four inner walls of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1, and the bottom end of the steel frame 10 is fixed to the foundation by a pre-buried anchor 6;

[0046] The prestressed tendons 2 are arranged on the side of the steel frame 10 in an obliquely crossed manner in a "yao" shape, and two groups are arranged on one side. The prestressed tendons 2 are attached to the inner wall of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1.

[0047] Working principle:

[0048] In actual operation, the steel frame 10 is fitted on the four inner walls of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1. The steel frame 10 is fixed to the ground by anchoring the bottom bolts with the pre-buried anchors 6 pre-set on the foundation of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1 to achieve the stability of the steel frame.

[0049] Two groups of prestressed tendons 2 are arranged on the side of the steel frame 10, which are cross-shaped in a 'yao' shape and fit the inner wall of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1. The shear resistance of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1 is relatively weak. The prestressed tendons 2 cross-shaped in a 'yao' shape can enhance the crack resistance of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1 and improve its shear resistance.

[0050] The design of two groups of 'yao' type prestressed tendons 2 improves the bearing capacity of the inner wall side structure of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1, improves the integrity and seismic resistance of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1, and further increases the restraint capacity of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1;

[0051] When the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1 deforms out of the plane toward the interior (such as an earthquake, the wall is damaged and collapses toward the interior), the utility model provides a Tibetan rubble stone wall external high-strength steel / FRP reinforcement lateral resistance composite frame, which can provide new lateral resistance capacity to effectively reduce the damage to the building under force majeure, specifically through:

[0052] The steel frame 10 provides bearing capacity from the inside to prevent the wall from tilting and deforming. The pre-buried anchor 6 ensures the overall stability of the steel frame 10. Two sets of "yao" type prestressed tendons 2 fit the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1, and the force from both ends further constrains the deformation of the wall.

[0053] The Tibetan rubble stone wall 1 has an external high-strength steel / FRP tendon lateral anti-combined frame, a three-dimensional structure composed of a steel frame 10 and prestressed tendons 2. The prestressed tendons 2 are tied to prevent the wall from collapsing inward, delay its overturning trend and destruction time, improve the integrity of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1 house, and then improve its seismic performance, thereby achieving the reinforcement effect of the existing Tibetan rubble stone wall house 1, improving the structural ductility, thereby improving the integrity and seismic performance of the Tibetan rubble stone wall (building), and protecting people's lives and property.

[0054] As in the above solution, the structure of the steel frame 10 includes:

[0055] A vertical steel column 3, which is vertically fitted on the inner side of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1;

[0056] The transverse steel beam 4 is transversely arranged inside the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1 and is bolted to the vertical steel column 3 .

[0057] Working principle:

[0058] A plurality of vertical steel columns 3 and a plurality of transverse steel beams 4 are bolted together to form a steel frame 10, which is fitted on the inner side of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1 and can cooperate with the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1 to bear force, thereby providing new lateral resistance for the existing Tibetan rubble stone wall 1 house, improving the original structural ductility and stress deformation mode of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1, and improving the seismic performance;

[0059] In the present invention, the steel strength of the steel frame 10 is Q460 or above. Compared with traditional steel, high-strength steel has higher yield strength and tensile strength and can withstand greater loads and pressures;

[0060] At the same time, it has good toughness and ductility. When subjected to external force, it can absorb more energy and is not easy to break, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the structure (the specific steel selection is as mentioned above. If the same steel material is mentioned later, no further elaboration will be given). The use of high-strength steel has an excellent effect on improving the integrity and seismic resistance of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1.

[0061] As in the above solution, the vertical steel column 3 includes:

[0062] A vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column 31 is vertically arranged at the inner corner of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1;

[0063] A vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column 32 is vertically fitted at the center of the inner wall of one side of the Tibetan rough stone wall 1, and multiple groups of triangular steel ribs 9 are evenly welded on the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column 31 and the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column 32;

[0064] The bottom end of the vertical steel column 3 is provided with a bolt 5 which is anchored to the ground via a pre-buried anchor 6 .

[0065] As in the above solution, the transverse steel beam 4 includes:

[0066] A transverse plane steel beam 41, which is transversely arranged at the inner wall foundation of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1;

[0067] A transverse ribbed L-shaped steel beam 42 is transversely arranged at the upper edge of the inner wall of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1, and a plurality of triangular steel ribs 9 are welded to the transverse ribbed L-shaped steel beam 42;

[0068] The transverse plane steel beam 41 and the transverse ribbed L-shaped steel beam 42 are bolted between the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column 31 and the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column 32 by high-strength bolts 7 .

[0069] Working principle:

[0070] The utility model provides that four vertical ribbed L-shaped steel columns 31 are arranged at four wall corner positions of the inner wall of the Tibetan rough stone wall 1, and four vertical ribbed T-shaped steel columns 32 are arranged at the center position of the single-sided inner wall of the Tibetan rough stone wall 1, and the bottom ends of the four vertical ribbed L-shaped steel columns 31 and the four vertical ribbed T-shaped steel columns 32 are anchored and connected with the embedded anchors 6 through bolts 5 to increase stability, and multiple sets of triangular steel ribs 9 are welded to ensure the bearing capacity of the steel frame;

[0071] Then, a transverse plane steel beam 41 is arranged at the base of the inner wall of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1, and a transverse ribbed L-shaped steel beam 42 is arranged at the upper edge of the inner wall of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1, and these are grouped together;

[0072] A set of transverse steel beams 4 are connected to the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel columns 31 and the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel columns 32 by high-strength bolts 7, and a total of eight sets are provided. Multiple sets of triangular steel ribs 9 are welded on the transverse ribbed L-shaped steel beams to increase the bearing capacity of the transverse steel beams 4.

[0073] In summary, the steel frame 10 of the inner wall fitting surface of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1 is assembled by four vertical ribbed L-shaped steel columns 31, four vertical ribbed T-shaped steel columns 32 and eight groups of transverse steel beams 4, and the multiple vertical steel columns 3 and the multiple transverse steel beams 4 in the steel frame 10 are connected by high-strength bolts 7 (the high-strength bolts 7 are connected by a double nut fastening method with flat washers, which has the advantages of strong anti-loosening, convenient installation, easy adjustment, high reliability, etc., and improves the safety performance of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1), which can improve the integrity of the high steel frame 10, and then improve the bearing capacity and seismic performance of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1;

[0074] The size of the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column 31 is ∠150mm×150mm×20mm, and the size of the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column 32 is 200mm×100mm×20mm×20mm. The use of such a size of the steel column 3 can ensure the bearing capacity of the steel frame 10, thereby ensuring the seismic performance and safety of the Tibetan rough stone wall 1;

[0075] The cross-sectional dimensions of the transverse plane steel beam 41 are 100mm×20mm, and the dimensions of the transverse ribbed L-shaped steel beam 42 are ∠100mm×50mm×20mm. The use of such steel beam 4 dimensions can ensure the bearing capacity of the steel frame 10, thereby ensuring the seismic performance and safety of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1.

[0076] As in the above solution, the structure of the prestressed tendon 2 includes:

[0077] FRP prestressed tendons 80;

[0078] The prestressed tendon sleeve anchor 8 is arranged at both ends of the FRP prestressed tendon 80. The FRP prestressed tendon 80 is anchored and connected to the vertical steel column 3 through the prestressed tendon sleeve anchor 8, and forms an oblique cross "yao" shape between the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column 32 and the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column 31.

[0079] Working principle:

[0080] The FRP prestressed tendons 80 are obliquely anchored between the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column 31 and the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column 32 through the prestressed tendon sleeve anchor 8, and form an oblique cross "yao" shape;

[0081] The oblique FRP prestressed tendons 80 and the vertical steel columns 3 form an independent additional substructure system, strengthen the connection between the vertical steel columns, form an additional lateral force resistance system, improve the entire lateral force resistance reinforcement structure and lateral resistance capacity, thereby ensuring the lateral resistance capacity and seismic performance of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1;

[0082] Since Tibetan rubble stone walls mostly adopt a "tapering" design, the bottom width of the wall is greater than the top width, the indoor wall is a vertical wall, and the outdoor wall is an inclined wall. When an earthquake occurs, the wall tends to deform inward more. Therefore, the use of multiple sets of FRP prestressed tendons 80 can effectively prevent the wall from deforming out of the plane indoors, avoid the wall from collapsing inwards, delay the overturning trend of the wall, improve the integrity of the Tibetan rubble stone wall, and thus improve its seismic performance;

[0083] The diameter of the FRP prestressed tendons 80 is 20 mm. The FRP prestressed tendons 80 with a diameter of 20 mm can give full play to their high-quality properties of light weight, high strength and corrosion resistance, ensuring that the FRP prestressed tendons 80 can enhance the stability of the structure against lateral force reinforcement, thereby limiting the lateral deformation of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1 and improving the lateral resistance of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1.

[0084] In actual material selection, the FRP prestressed tendons 80 are any one of glass fiber tendons, carbon fiber tendons, and aramid fiber tendons. The use of various types of FRP prestressed tendons 80 can fully utilize the high-quality properties of FRP materials, such as light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, low relaxation, and strong designability, to ensure the reinforcement effect and durability, thereby ensuring the seismic performance and safety of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1.

[0085] As in the above scheme, the structure of the prestressed tendon sleeve anchor 8 includes:

[0086] tendon anchors 82, which are arranged at both ends of the FRP prestressed tendons 80;

[0087] The leveling gasket 81 is sleeved on the tendon anchor 82 , and the FRP prestressed tendons 80 and the triangular steel ribs 9 are anchored and connected via the tendon anchor 82 .

[0088] Working principle:

[0089] FRP prestressed tendons 80, with tendon anchors 82 at both ends (the tendon anchor 82 refers to a permanent anchoring device used in prestressed concrete, which is an anchoring tool for maintaining the tension of the FRP prestressed tendons 80 and transmitting it to the inside of the steel frame 10);

[0090] A leveling gasket 81 is sleeved at the bottom end (the leveling gasket 81 increases the contact area between the FRP prestressed tendons 80 and the triangular steel ribs 9, reduces pressure, prevents loosening, and protects parts. The leveling gasket 81 is a mechanical seal between two objects, usually used to prevent pressure, corrosion, and natural thermal expansion and contraction leakage between the two objects. Since the surface of the fittings cannot be perfect, the gasket can be used to fill the irregularities);

[0091] A plurality of groups of triangular steel ribs 9 are arranged on the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column 31 and the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column 32, and a plurality of FRP prestressed tendons 80 are obliquely and symmetrically anchored and connected through the triangular steel ribs 9 to form a "yao" shape, which further reinforces the wall and limits the lateral deformation of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1;

[0092] Among them, the triangular steel ribs 9 are connected to the steel columns by welding, with a thickness of 20mm to 30mm and an arrangement spacing of 300mm to 600mm. Adding triangular steel ribs 9 of the same material in the steel columns can ensure the bearing capacity of the steel frame, thereby ensuring the seismic performance and safety of the Tibetan rubble stone wall 1.

[0093] Although the implementation scheme of the utility model has been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the specification and implementation modes. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the utility model. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the utility model is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A Tibetan rubble stone wall with external high-strength steel / FRP reinforcement side-resistance composite frame, characterized in that: include: A steel frame is fitted on the four inner walls of the Tibetan rubble stone wall, and the bottom end of the steel frame is fixed to the foundation by pre-buried anchors; Prestressed tendons are arranged on the side of the steel frame in an obliquely crossed "yao" shape, with two groups arranged on one side. The prestressed tendons are attached to the inner wall of the Tibetan rubble stone wall.

2. The Tibetan rubble stone wall external high-strength steel / FRP reinforcement side-resisting composite frame according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The structure of the steel frame includes: A vertical steel column is vertically arranged on the inner side of the Tibetan rubble stone wall; A transverse steel beam is transversely arranged inside the Tibetan rubble stone wall and is bolted to the vertical steel column.

3. The Tibetan rubble stone wall external high-strength steel / FRP reinforcement side-resisting composite frame according to claim 2 is characterized in that The vertical steel column comprises: A vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column is vertically arranged at the inner wall corner of the Tibetan rubble stone wall; A vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column is vertically fitted at the center of the inner wall of one side of the Tibetan rough stone wall, and multiple groups of triangular steel ribs are evenly welded on the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column and the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column; The bottom end of the vertical steel column is provided with bolts and is anchored to the ground through pre-buried anchors.

4. The Tibetan rubble stone wall external high-strength steel / FRP reinforcement side-resisting composite frame according to claim 3 is characterized in that The transverse steel beam comprises: A transverse plane steel beam, which is transversely arranged at the base of the inner wall of the Tibetan rubble stone wall; A transversely ribbed L-shaped steel beam is transversely arranged at the upper edge of the inner wall of the Tibetan rubble stone wall, and a plurality of groups of triangular steel ribs are welded to the transversely ribbed L-shaped steel beam; The transverse plane steel beam and the transverse ribbed L-shaped steel beam are bolted between the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel column and the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel column by high-strength bolts.

5. The Tibetan rubble stone wall external high-strength steel / FRP reinforcement side-resisting composite frame according to claim 3 is characterized in that The structure of the prestressed tendons includes: FRP prestressed tendons; Prestressed tendon sleeve anchors are arranged at both ends of the FRP prestressed tendons. The FRP prestressed tendons are anchored and connected to the vertical steel columns through the prestressed tendon sleeve anchors, and form an oblique cross "yao" shape between the vertical ribbed L-shaped steel columns and the vertical ribbed T-shaped steel columns.

6. The Tibetan rubble stone wall external high-strength steel / FRP reinforcement side-resistance composite frame according to claim 5 is characterized in that The structure of the prestressed tendon sleeve anchor comprises: Reinforcement anchors, which are arranged at both ends of the FRP prestressed reinforcement; A leveling gasket is sleeved on the tendon anchor, and the FRP prestressed tendons and the triangular steel ribs are anchored and connected through the tendon anchor.

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