Heating furnace preheater capable of adaptively adjusting heat exchange area

Abstract

A heating furnace preheater capable of adaptively adjusting the heat exchange area is provided with two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes, a medium-temperature section heat exchange box and two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes. A high-load air pipeline is connected with the two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes, the medium-temperature section heat exchange box and the two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes in series to form a high-load air heat exchange channel for flue gas in the heating furnace preheater. The low-load air pipeline is connected with the two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes and the high-temperature section heat exchange box at the upper end in series to form a low-load air heat exchange channel for flue gas in the heating furnace preheater; a console and a control center are arranged on one side of the heating furnace preheater, a first electric baffle valve is arranged in the middle of the high-load air pipeline, and a second electric baffle valve is arranged in the middle of the low-load air pipeline. The heating furnace preheater exchanges heat with air by changing the heat exchange area of the flue gas duct piece group of the heating furnace preheater, and automatically controls the air flow through the control center, so that acidic condensate water is prevented from being generated in a high-temperature section, and the service life of the heating furnace preheater is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the adjustment of a preheater of a heating furnace with an adaptive heat exchange area adjustment, in particular to a preheater of a heating furnace with an adaptive heat exchange area adjustment. Background Art

[0002] At present, during the operation of the preheater of the heating furnace, the high-temperature flue gas and low-temperature air in the preheater of the heating furnace are separated by heat exchange components. In the tube box of the preheater of the heating furnace, a group of flue gas pipe fins is connected from top to bottom. The high-temperature flue gas passes through the group of flue gas pipe fins, and the low-temperature air circulates horizontally between the groups of flue gas pipe fins for heat exchange. The heated air after heat exchange is recycled; usually, the flow rates of the high-temperature flue gas and air in the preheater of the heating furnace are fixed, and the overall heat exchange area of the preheater of the heating furnace remains unchanged; the air cools and exchanges heat with the high-temperature section of the high-temperature flue gas through flow. When the air passes through the high-temperature section, the temperature of the group of flue gas pipe fins in the high-temperature section is relatively high, and the temperature of the air passing through the group of flue gas pipe fins in the high-temperature section is relatively high, and no acidic condensate will be generated in the air; when the flow rate of the high-temperature flue gas passing through the group of flue gas pipe fins in the high-temperature section is relatively low, the temperature of the group of flue gas pipe fins at the inlet of the high-temperature section is relatively high, and the temperature of the group of flue gas pipe fins at the lower part of the high-temperature section decreases. Since the flow rate of the air remains unchanged, during the process of the air passing through the group of flue gas pipe fins at the lower part of the high-temperature section, the moisture in the air cannot be completely evaporated, and a large amount of acidic condensate is generated on the surface of the group of flue gas pipe fins at the lower part of the high-temperature section; due to the relatively weak corrosion resistance of the group of flue gas pipe fins in the high-temperature section of the existing preheater of the heating furnace, the corrosion rate of the acidic condensate condensed on the surface of the group of flue gas pipe fins in the high-temperature section is relatively fast. During the long-term operation, the phenomenon that the group of flue gas pipe fins in the high-temperature section is corroded and penetrated by the acidic condensate and damaged is relatively common, which affects the service life of the preheater of the heating furnace; in view of the above-mentioned many reasons, a preheater of a heating furnace with an adaptive heat exchange area adjustment is now proposed. Summary of the Utility Model

[0003] The purpose of the present utility model is to overcome the problem that when the flow rate of high-temperature flue gas passing through the flue gas pipe sheet group in the high-temperature section is relatively low, during the process of air passing through the flue gas pipe sheet group in the high-temperature area for temperature reduction, the high-temperature flue gas pipe sheet group in the high-temperature section cannot completely evaporate the moisture in the air, and a large amount of acidic condensate is generated on the surface of the high-temperature flue gas pipe sheet group; due to the relatively weak corrosion resistance of the high-temperature flue gas pipe sheet group of the existing heating furnace preheater and the relatively fast corrosion rate of the condensed acidic condensate, during long-term operation, the phenomenon that the flue gas pipe sheet group in the high-temperature section is corroded and penetrated by the acidic condensate and damaged is relatively common, affecting the service life of the heating furnace preheater; through reasonable design, a heating furnace preheater with self-adaptive adjustment of the heat exchange area is provided; the heating furnace preheater of the present utility model exchanges heat by changing the heat exchange area of the flue gas pipe sheet group of the heating furnace preheater and the air flow rate, and can adapt to high-load operation and low-high load operation. During high-load operation, air passes through the high-load air heat exchange channel. During low-high load operation, the air flow rate is automatically controlled by the control center to be reduced to between 80% and 50%. The air between 80% and 50% passes through the low-load air heat exchange channel to ensure a relatively high air temperature, avoid the generation of acidic condensate during heat exchange of the high-temperature flue gas pipe sheet group, ensure that there is no acidic condensate in the high-temperature flue gas pipe sheet group, avoid the phenomenon of corrosion penetration and damage caused by the acidic condensate, and extend the service life of the heating furnace preheater.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present utility model adopts the following technical solutions. A heating furnace preheater with an adaptive heat exchange area adjustment, said heating furnace preheater with an adaptive heat exchange area adjustment is composed of a heating furnace preheater, a high-temperature flue gas inlet header, a low-temperature flue gas outlet header, an air inlet header, a heat exchange air outlet header, a high-load air pipeline, a low-load air pipeline, a first electric damper valve, a first valve plate temperature probe, a first valve plate humidity probe, a first valve plate, a second electric damper valve, a second valve plate temperature probe, a second valve plate humidity probe, a second valve plate, an air distribution header, a high-load header, a first air series box, a third air series box, a second air series box, a high-temperature section heat exchange box, an air partition, a low-temperature section heat exchange box, a console, a touch screen, a control center, a first electric damper valve execution module, a second electric damper valve execution module, a first damper temperature sensing module, a first damper humidity sensing module, a second damper temperature sensing module, and a second damper humidity sensing module; two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes are arranged at the upper part of the heating furnace preheater, two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes are arranged at the lower part of the heating furnace preheater, the middle part of the heating furnace preheater is set as a medium-temperature zone heat exchange box, flue gas tube sheet groups are arranged in both two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes, the medium-temperature zone heat exchange box, and two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes, air partitions are arranged between the box bodies of two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes, the medium-temperature zone heat exchange box, and two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes respectively, holes for flue gas tube sheet groups are evenly distributed on the air partitions, the holes for flue gas tube sheet groups on the air partitions between two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes, the medium-temperature zone heat exchange box, and two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes are arranged up and down corresponding to be a through flue gas channel, high-temperature flue gas is arranged from top to bottom in the flue gas channel; a high-temperature flue gas inlet header is arranged at the upper end of the flue gas channel, and a low-temperature flue gas outlet header is arranged at the lower end of the flue gas channel;

[0005] An air flow gap is evenly reserved between the flue gas tube sheet groups of the two high-temperature heat exchange boxes, the medium-temperature heat exchange box, and the two low-temperature heat exchange boxes. The air flow gap in the transverse direction of the flue gas tube sheet group is set as an air passage; a first air series box is arranged between the air passage openings on one side of the two high-temperature heat exchange boxes. A low-load pipeline inlet is reserved on the upper side of the first air series box, and a heat exchange air outlet pipe box is arranged at the air passage opening on the other side of the upper high-temperature heat exchange box; a high-load pipe box is arranged at the air passage opening of the medium-temperature heat exchange box on the same side of the first air series box, an air shunt pipe box is arranged at the air passage opening of the low-temperature heat exchange box below the high-load pipe box, and an air inlet pipe box is arranged at the air passage opening of the low-temperature heat exchange box below the air shunt pipe box; a third air series box is arranged between the air passage openings on the other side of the two low-temperature heat exchange boxes, and a second air series box is arranged between the air passage openings on the other side of the medium-temperature heat exchange box and the adjacent upper low-temperature heat exchange box; a high-load air pipeline is arranged between the air shunt pipe box and the high-load pipe box, and a low-load air pipeline is arranged between the air shunt pipe box and the low-load pipeline inlet; heat exchange air is arranged in the air passage series-connected by the two high-temperature heat exchange boxes, the medium-temperature heat exchange box, and the two low-temperature heat exchange boxes between the air inlet pipe box and the heat exchange air outlet pipe box; the high-load air pipeline is series-connected with the two high-temperature heat exchange boxes, the medium-temperature heat exchange box, and the two low-temperature heat exchange boxes to form a high-load air heat exchange passage for the flue gas in the heating furnace preheater, and the air in the high-load air heat exchange passage has a matching flow rate; the low-load air pipeline is series-connected with the two low-temperature heat exchange boxes and the upper high-temperature heat exchange box to form a low-load air heat exchange passage for the flue gas in the heating furnace preheater, and the flow rate of the air in the low-load air heat exchange passage is between 80% and 50% of that in the high-load air heat exchange passage;

[0006] A control console is arranged on one side of the heating furnace preheater. A control center is arranged in the middle of the control console. A first electric baffle valve is arranged in the middle of the high-load air pipeline, and a second electric baffle valve is arranged in the middle of the low-load air pipeline; control lines are arranged between the control center and the first electric baffle valve and the second electric baffle valve respectively.

[0007] Operation process: When the high-temperature flue gas enters the flue gas passage of the heating furnace preheater at high load, the heating furnace preheater is in a high-load state. The control center controls the first electric baffle valve to open, and the second electric baffle valve is in a closed state; at the same time, air enters the high-load air heat exchange passage from the air inlet pipe box, and the heating furnace preheater is heat-exchanged at high load through the air; the heat exchange air is discharged from the heat exchange air outlet pipe box;

[0008] When the high-temperature flue gas enters the flue gas passage of the heating furnace preheater at low load, the heating furnace preheater is set to a low-load state. The control center controls the second electric baffle valve to open, and the first electric baffle valve is in a closed state; at the same time, air enters the low-load air heat exchange passage from the air inlet pipe box, and the heating furnace preheater is heat-exchanged at low load through the air; the heat exchange air is discharged from the heat exchange air outlet pipe box.

[0009] A first valve plate is arranged in the first electric baffle valve, and a first valve plate temperature probe and a first valve plate humidity probe are respectively arranged below the first valve plate; a second valve plate is arranged in the second electric baffle valve, and a second valve plate temperature probe and a second valve plate humidity probe are respectively arranged below the second valve plate; a touch screen is arranged below the control center, a data line is arranged between the control center and the touch screen, a control line is arranged between a first electric baffle valve execution module and a second electric baffle valve execution module on one side above the control center, a control line is arranged between the first electric baffle valve execution module and the first electric baffle valve, and a control line is arranged between the second electric baffle valve execution module and the second electric baffle valve;

[0010] A first baffle temperature sensing module and a first baffle humidity sensing module are respectively arranged on one side above the control center. A temperature sensing line is arranged between the first baffle temperature sensing module and the first valve plate temperature probe, and a humidity sensing line is arranged between the first baffle humidity sensing module and the first valve plate humidity probe; a first baffle temperature sensing module and a first baffle humidity sensing module are respectively arranged above the control center. A temperature sensing line is arranged between the first baffle temperature sensing module and the first valve plate temperature probe, and a humidity sensing line is arranged between the first baffle humidity sensing module and the first valve plate humidity probe; a second baffle temperature sensing module and a second baffle humidity sensing module are respectively arranged on the other side above the control center. A temperature sensing line is arranged between the second baffle temperature sensing module and the second valve plate temperature probe, and a humidity sensing line is arranged between the second baffle humidity sensing module and the second valve plate humidity probe.

[0011] Operation process: Before the control center runs, set the temperature and humidity data for starting the first valve plate operation of the first electric baffle valve through the touch screen, and set the temperature and humidity data for starting the second valve plate operation of the second electric baffle valve through the touch screen.

[0012] In the initial operation process of the heating furnace preheater, it is high-load air heat exchange. When the high-temperature flue gas flow passing through the flue gas channel of the heating furnace preheater is large during high-load air heat exchange, and the temperature detected by the first valve plate temperature probe below the first valve plate is higher than the set data, and the humidity detected by the first valve plate humidity probe is lower than the set data; the control center opens the first valve plate and closes the second valve plate through the second electric baffle valve at the same time; at the same time, air enters the high-load air heat exchange channel from the air inlet header box to exchange heat with all the flue gas tube sheet groups of the heating furnace preheater, and the heated air is discharged from the heat exchange air outlet header box.

[0013] During the operation of the preheater of the heating furnace, when the flow rate of the high-temperature flue gas passing through the flue gas passage of the preheater of the heating furnace decreases, and the temperature detected by the first valve plate temperature probe below the first valve plate is lower than the set data, and the humidity detected by the first valve plate humidity probe is higher than the set data, the control center opens the second valve plate through the second electric baffle valve execution module. At the same time, the control center closes the first electric baffle valve through the first electric baffle valve execution module, and the high-load air heat exchange passage is closed; the air entering the air inlet header exchanges heat with the local flue gas tube sheet group through the low-load air heat exchange passage, and the heated air after heat exchange is discharged from the heat exchange air outlet header.

[0014] When the flow rate of the high-temperature flue gas passing through the flue gas passage of the preheater of the heating furnace returns to high-load air heat exchange, the preheater of the heating furnace resumes the initial high-load air heat exchange operation process.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The preheater of the heating furnace of the present invention exchanges heat by changing the heat exchange area of the flue gas tube sheet group of the preheater of the heating furnace and the flow rate of the air, and can adapt to high-load operation and low-high load operation. During high-load operation, the air passes through the high-load air heat exchange passage. During low-high load operation, the control center automatically controls the air flow rate to be reduced to between 80% and 50%. The air between 80% and 50% passes through the low-load air heat exchange passage to ensure a relatively high air temperature, avoid the generation of acidic condensate during the heat exchange of the flue gas tube sheet group in the high-temperature section, ensure that there is no acidic condensate in the flue gas tube sheet group in the high-temperature section, avoid the corrosion penetration and damage caused by acidic condensate, and extend the service life of the preheater of the heating furnace. Description of the Drawings

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 is the overall assembly structure schematic diagram;

[0018] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the partial high- and low-load air pipeline structure schematic diagram of

[0019] Figure 3 is Figure 1 the high- and low-load control system structure schematic diagram of

[0020] Figure 4 is Figure 1 the high-temperature flue gas operation structure schematic diagram of

[0021] Figure 5 is Figure 1 the low-load flue gas air operation state structure schematic diagram of

[0022] Figure 6 is Figure 1Schematic diagram of the air operation state of high-load flue gas;

[0023] Figure 1 and 2 Among 3, 4, 5, and 6: the heating furnace preheater 1, the high-temperature flue gas inlet header 2, the low-temperature flue gas outlet header 3, the air inlet header 4, the heat-exchanged air outlet header 5, the high-load air pipeline 6, the low-load air pipeline 7, the first electric baffle valve 8, the first valve plate temperature probe 8-1, the first valve plate humidity probe 8-2, the first valve plate 8-3, the second electric baffle valve 9, the second valve plate temperature probe 9-1, the second valve plate humidity probe 9-2, the second valve plate 9-3, the air shunt header 10, the high-load header 11, the first air series box 12, the third air series box 13, the second air series box 14, the high-temperature section heat-exchange box 15, the air partition 15-1, the low-temperature section heat-exchange box 16, the control console 17, the touch screen 17-1, the control center 17-2, the first electric baffle valve execution module 17-3, the second electric baffle valve execution module 17-4, the first baffle temperature sensing module 17-5, the first baffle humidity sensing module 17-6, the second baffle temperature sensing module 17-7, the second baffle humidity sensing module 17-8. Detailed implementation mode

[0024] The present utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the detailed implementation mode:

[0025] Two high-temperature section heat-exchange boxes 15 are arranged above the heating furnace preheater 1, two low-temperature section heat-exchange boxes 16 are arranged below the heating furnace preheater 1, and the middle part of the heating furnace preheater 1 is set as a medium-temperature zone heat-exchange box. Flue gas tube sheet groups are arranged in the two high-temperature section heat-exchange boxes 15, the medium-temperature zone heat-exchange box, and the two low-temperature section heat-exchange boxes 16. Air partitions 15-1 are arranged between the boxes of the two high-temperature section heat-exchange boxes 15, the medium-temperature zone heat-exchange box, and the two low-temperature section heat-exchange boxes 16 respectively. Flue gas tube sheet group holes are evenly reserved on the air partitions 15-1. The flue gas tube sheet group holes on the air partitions 15-1 between the two high-temperature section heat-exchange boxes 15, the medium-temperature zone heat-exchange box, and the two low-temperature section heat-exchange boxes 16 are arranged up and down corresponding to form a through flue gas channel. High-temperature flue gas is arranged from top to bottom in the flue gas channel; a high-temperature flue gas inlet header 2 is arranged at the upper end of the flue gas channel, and a low-temperature flue gas outlet header 3 is arranged at the lower end of the flue gas channel.

[0026] There are evenly distributed gaps for air flow reserved between the flue gas tube sheet groups of the two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes 15, the medium-temperature zone heat exchange box, and the two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes 16. The air flow gaps in the transverse direction of the flue gas tube sheet groups are set as air channels; a first air series connection box 12 is arranged between the air channel openings on one side of the two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes 15. A low-load pipeline inlet is reserved on one side of the upper part of the first air series connection box 12, and a heat exchange air outlet pipe box 5 is arranged at the air channel opening on the other side of the upper high-temperature section heat exchange box 15; a high-load pipe box 11 is arranged at the air channel opening of the medium-temperature zone heat exchange box on the same side of the first air series connection box 12, and an air shunt pipe box 10 is arranged at the air channel opening of the low-temperature section heat exchange box 16 below the high-load pipe box 11, and an air inlet pipe box 4 is arranged at the air channel opening of the low-temperature section heat exchange box 16 below the air shunt pipe box 10; a third air series connection box 13 is arranged between the air channel openings on the other side of the two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes 16, and a second air series connection box 14 is arranged between the air channel openings on the other side of the medium-temperature zone heat exchange box and the adjacent upper low-temperature section heat exchange box 16; a high-load air pipeline 6 is arranged between the air shunt pipe box 10 and the high-load pipe box 11, and a low-load air pipeline 7 is arranged between the air shunt pipe box 10 and the low-load pipeline inlet; heat exchange air is arranged in the air channels in series through the two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes 15, the medium-temperature zone heat exchange box, and the two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes 16 between the air inlet pipe box 4 and the heat exchange air outlet pipe box 5; the high-load air pipeline 6 and the two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes 15, the medium-temperature zone heat exchange box, and the two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes 16 are in series to form a high-load air heat exchange channel for the flue gas in the heating furnace preheater 1, and the air in the high-load air heat exchange channel has a matching flow rate; the low-load air pipeline 7 and the two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes 16 and the upper high-temperature section heat exchange box 15 are in series to form a low-load air heat exchange channel for the flue gas in the heating furnace preheater 1, and the flow rate of the air in the low-load air heat exchange channel is between 80% and 50% of that in the high-load air heat exchange channel.

[0027] A control console 17 is arranged on one side of the heating furnace preheater 1. A control center 17-2 is arranged in the middle of the control console 17. A first electric baffle valve 8 is arranged in the middle of the high-load air pipeline 6, and a second electric baffle valve 9 is arranged in the middle of the low-load air pipeline 7; control lines are arranged between the control center 17-2 and the first electric baffle valve 8 and the second electric baffle valve 9 respectively.

[0028] A first valve plate 8-3 is provided in the first electric damper valve 8, and a first valve plate temperature probe 8-1 and a first valve plate humidity probe 8-2 are respectively provided below the first valve plate 8-3; a second valve plate 9-3 is provided in the second electric damper valve 9, and a second valve plate temperature probe 9-1 and a second valve plate humidity probe 9-2 are respectively provided below the second valve plate 9-3; a touch screen 17-1 is provided below the control center 17-2, a data line is provided between the control center 17-2 and the touch screen 17-1, a control line is provided between a first electric damper valve execution module 17-3 and a second electric damper valve execution module 17-4 which are respectively provided on one side above the control center 17-2, a control line is provided between the first electric damper valve execution module 17-3 and the first electric damper valve 8, and a control line is provided between the second electric damper valve execution module 17-4 and the second electric damper valve 9.

[0029] A first baffle temperature sensing module 17-5 and a first baffle humidity sensing module 17-6 are respectively provided on one side above the control center 17-2. A temperature sensing line is provided between the first baffle temperature sensing module 17-5 and the first valve plate temperature probe 8-1, and a humidity sensing line is provided between the first baffle humidity sensing module 17-6 and the first valve plate humidity probe 8-2; a first baffle temperature sensing module 17-5 and a first baffle humidity sensing module 17-6 are respectively provided above the control center 17-2. A temperature sensing line is provided between the first baffle temperature sensing module 17-5 and the first valve plate temperature probe 8-1, and a humidity sensing line is provided between the first baffle humidity sensing module 17-6 and the first valve plate humidity probe 8-2; a second baffle temperature sensing module 17-7 and a second baffle humidity sensing module 17-8 are respectively provided on the other side above the control center 17-2. A temperature sensing line is provided between the second baffle temperature sensing module 17-7 and the second valve plate temperature probe 9-1, and a humidity sensing line is provided between the second baffle humidity sensing module 17-8 and the second valve plate humidity probe 9-2.

Claims

1. A heating furnace preheater capable of adaptively adjusting a heat exchange area, comprising: a heating furnace preheater (1), a high-temperature flue gas inlet pipe box (2), a low-temperature flue gas outlet pipe box (3), an air inlet pipe box (4), a heat exchange air outlet pipe box (5), a high-load air duct (6), a low-load air duct (7), a first electric damper valve (8), a first valve plate temperature probe (8-1), a first valve plate humidity probe (8-2), a first valve plate (8-3), a second electric damper valve (9), a second valve plate temperature probe (9-1), a second valve plate humidity probe (9-2), a second valve plate (9-3), an air diversion pipe box (10), a high-load pipe The invention is composed of a box (11), a first air series box (12), a third air series box (13), a second air series box (14), a high temperature section heat exchange box (15), an air baffle (15-1), a low temperature section heat exchange box (16), a control console (17), a touch screen (17-1), a control center (17-2), a first electric damper valve execution module (17-3), a second electric damper valve execution module (17-4), a first damper temperature sensor module (17-5), a first damper humidity sensor module (17-6), a second damper temperature sensor module (17-7), and a second damper humidity sensor module (17-8); the characteristics are as follows: Two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes (15) are arranged at the upper part of the heating furnace preheater (1), two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes (16) are arranged at the lower part of the heating furnace preheater (1), and a medium-temperature zone heat exchange box is arranged at the middle part of the heating furnace preheater (1). Smoke pipe sheet groups are arranged in the two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes (15), the medium-temperature zone heat exchange box, and the two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes (16). The two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes (15), the medium-temperature zone heat exchange box, and the two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes (16) are respectively arranged between the boxes. An air baffle (15-1), reserved flue gas pipe segment group holes are evenly distributed on the air baffle (15-1), and the flue gas pipe segment group holes of the air baffle (15-1) between the two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes (15), the medium-temperature section heat exchange box, and the two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes (16) are arranged to form a through flue gas passage corresponding to each other from top to bottom, and high-temperature flue gas is arranged in the flue gas passage from top to bottom; a high-temperature flue gas inlet pipe box (2) is arranged at the upper end of the flue gas passage, and a low-temperature flue gas outlet pipe box (3) is arranged at the lower end of the flue gas passage; Gaps for reserved airflow are evenly distributed between the smoke tube sheet groups of the two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes (15), the medium-temperature zone heat exchange box, and the two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes (16), and the airflow gaps in the transverse direction of the smoke tube sheet groups are provided as air channels; a first air series connection box (12) is provided between the air channel openings on one side of the two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes (15), a low-load pipeline inlet is reserved on one side of the upper part of the first air series connection box (12), and a heat exchange air outlet pipe box (5) is provided at the air channel opening on the other side of the upper high-temperature section heat exchange box (15); the first air series connection box ( 12) A high-load pipe box (11) is provided at the air duct opening of the medium-temperature zone heat exchange box on the same side; an air distribution pipe box (10) is provided at the air duct opening of the low-temperature zone heat exchange box (16) below the high-load pipe box (11); an air inlet pipe box (4) is provided at the air duct opening of the low-temperature zone heat exchange box (16) below the air distribution pipe box (10); a third air series connection box (13) is provided between the air duct openings on the other side of the two low-temperature zone heat exchange boxes (16); and the air duct openings on the other side of the medium-temperature zone heat exchange box and the low-temperature zone heat exchange box (16) adjacent to the upper side are connected to each other. A second air series box (14) is arranged between the air channel openings; a high-load air duct (6) is arranged between the air diversion pipe box (10) and the high-load pipe box (11); a low-load air duct (7) is arranged between the air diversion pipe box (10) and the low-load pipe inlet; heat exchange air is arranged in an air channel connected in series between the air inlet pipe box (4) and the heat exchange air outlet pipe box (5) through two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes (15), a medium-temperature zone heat exchange box, and two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes (16); the high-load air duct (6) is connected to the two high-temperature section heat exchange boxes (15), and the medium-temperature zone heat exchange box (16) is connected to the high-load air duct (6). A high-temperature section heat exchange box (15), a medium-temperature section heat exchange box, and two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes (16) are connected in series to form a high-load air heat exchange channel for the flue gas in the heating furnace preheater (1), and the air in the high-load air heat exchange channel has a matching flow rate; a low-load air duct (7) is connected in series with the two low-temperature section heat exchange boxes (16) and a high-temperature section heat exchange box (15) at the upper end to form a low-load air heat exchange channel for the flue gas in the heating furnace preheater (1), and the air flow rate in the low-load air heat exchange channel is between 80% and 50% of that in the high-load air heat exchange channel.

2. The heating furnace preheater with adaptive heat exchange area adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A control console (17) is arranged on one side of the heating furnace preheater (1), a control center (17-2) is arranged in the middle of the control console (17), a first electric damper valve (8) is arranged in the middle of the high-load air duct (6), and a second electric damper valve (9) is arranged in the middle of the low-load air duct (7); control lines are arranged between the control center (17-2) and the first electric damper valve (8) and the second electric damper valve (9), respectively.

3. The heating furnace preheater with adaptive heat exchange area adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first valve plate (8-3) is provided in the first electric damper valve (8), and a first valve plate temperature probe (8-1) and a first valve plate humidity probe (8-2) are provided below the first valve plate (8-3); a second valve plate (9-3) is provided in the second electric damper valve (9), and a second valve plate temperature probe (9-1) and a second valve plate humidity probe (9-2) are provided below the second valve plate (9-3); a touch screen (17-1) is provided below the control center (17-2), a data line is provided between the control center (17-2) and the touch screen (17-1), a first electric damper valve execution module (17-3) and a second electric damper valve execution module (17-4) are provided on one side above the control center (17-2), a control line is provided between the first electric damper valve execution module (17-3) and the first electric damper valve (8), and a control line is provided between the second electric damper valve execution module (17-4) and the second electric damper valve (9).

4. The heating furnace preheater with adaptive heat exchange area adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first baffle temperature sensor module (17-5) and a first baffle humidity sensor module (17-6) are respectively arranged on one side above the control center (17-2); a temperature sensor circuit is arranged between the first baffle temperature sensor module (17-5) and the first valve plate temperature probe (8-1); and a humidity sensor circuit is arranged between the first baffle humidity sensor module (17-6) and the first valve plate humidity probe (8-2); a first baffle temperature sensor module (17-5) and a first baffle humidity sensor module (17-6) are respectively arranged on one side above the control center (17-2); and a temperature sensor circuit is arranged between the first baffle temperature sensor module (17-5) and the first valve plate temperature probe (8-1); and a humidity sensor circuit is arranged between the first baffle humidity sensor module (17-6) and the first valve plate humidity probe (8-2). A temperature sensing circuit is arranged between the first baffle plate temperature probe (8-1), and a humidity sensing circuit is arranged between the first baffle plate humidity sensing module (17-6) and the first valve plate humidity probe (8-2); a second baffle plate temperature sensing module (17-7) and a second baffle plate humidity sensing module (17-8) are arranged on the other side above the control center (17-2), a temperature sensing circuit is arranged between the second baffle plate temperature sensing module (17-7) and the second valve plate temperature probe (9-1), and a humidity sensing circuit is arranged between the second baffle plate humidity sensing module (17-8) and the second valve plate humidity probe (9-2).

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