Reactor for preparing carbon by depositing biomass pyrolysis gas in laboratory

Abstract

The utility model discloses a reactor for preparing carbon by depositing biomass pyrolysis gas in a laboratory. The reactor comprises a reaction tube main body and an oil-gas collecting device at the rear end, a layer of silicon wool and a circular ring are arranged in the reaction tube; two ends of the reaction tube are connected with the gas path through sealing rings and flanges. A movable metal push rod is arranged on a flange cover at the front end of the reaction tube; the joint of the metal push rod and the flange cover is sealed by rubber; the flange pipeline at the rear end of the reaction pipe is connected with a vacuum meter and a vacuum pump; the tail end of the flange pipeline is sequentially connected with a U-shaped pipe, a drying pipe, a flow meter and an air bag through guide pipes. According to the biomass pyrolysis and pyrolysis gas deposition experiment device, biomass pyrolysis and pyrolysis gas deposition experiments can be achieved in one step, the reaction mechanism of the pyrolysis process can be explored by collecting and analyzing biochar, carbon nanomaterials, tar and pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis, and the reaction conditions are continuously improved. According to the utility model, the process is simplified, the energy consumption is reduced, the experiment flexibility and the data accuracy are improved, and the scientific research requirements of a laboratory can be better met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of biomass pyrolysis equipment and relates to a laboratory biomass pyrolysis gas deposition carbon reactor. Background Technique

[0002] Biomass is an abundant renewable resource. In recent years, the resource utilization of waste biomass has received extensive attention in the academic community. Compared with incineration, pyrolysis is a more effective method for recycling waste biomass. The main products of biomass pyrolysis include biochar, bio-oil, and pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas generated by biomass pyrolysis is usually discharged into the atmosphere together with an inert carrier gas, causing environmental pollution. The pyrolysis gas is rich in small-molecule hydrocarbons. Using it as a carbon source to synthesize carbon nanomaterials through chemical vapor deposition can not only realize the resource utilization of pyrolysis gas but also reduce the economic cost of preparing carbon nanomaterials by traditional chemical vapor deposition methods.

[0003] Existing patents related to laboratory pyrolysis gas deposition mainly involve biomass pyrolysis devices and chemical vapor deposition devices. Patent CN202211081172.7 discloses a device for preparing mixed gas and biomass carbon by biomass pyrolysis, which can effectively realize the in-situ disposal of agricultural and forestry waste and pyrolyze it into biomass carbon-based fertilizer and mixed gas. However, the composition of biomass pyrolysis gas is complex, and impurities and harmful substances need to be removed through purification. The existing gas purification technologies are costly and have limited efficiency, which restricts the wide application of pyrolysis gas. Patent CN202110372818.6 discloses a chemical vapor deposition device, which improves the film formation uniformity by optimizing the gas flow distribution in the pipeline. However, this device only includes the gas-phase deposition part. If biomass pyrolysis gas is to be used for deposition, an additional set of biomass pyrolysis devices must be configured at its front end, increasing the complexity and economic cost of the system configuration.

[0004] Using the components of pyrolysis gas generated by biomass pyrolysis to prepare carbon nanomaterials usually requires the serial use of two pyrolysis furnaces (for generating pyrolysis gas and gas-phase deposition respectively). For example, in the thesis "Research on the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics to Prepare Carbon Nanotubes and Their Adsorption Properties" (Jiang Jingxia, Master's Thesis of Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 2022): The volatile gases decomposed from plastics in the first pyrolysis furnace enter the second pyrolysis furnace, where the gases are adsorbed, dissolved, and precipitated on the catalyst, and finally carbon nanomaterials are formed. However, this pyrolysis gas-gas-phase deposition combined process is complex, and the serial use of two pyrolysis furnaces leads to a significant increase in energy consumption. Under general laboratory conditions, the investment in equipment transformation is large, and the experimental device occupies a large amount of space. The complex process flow and equipment increase the safety risks in operation.

[0005] In summary, the existing devices need to synthesize carbon nanomaterials through a two-step method of pyrolysis gas-gas-phase deposition, with a complex process and high energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a laboratory biomass pyrolysis gas deposition carbon reactor, which realizes the one-step synthesis of carbon nanomaterials by simple transformation of the existing horizontal tube pyrolysis furnace in the laboratory.

[0007] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a laboratory biomass pyrolysis gas deposition carbon reactor, which includes a reaction tube; a silicon wool for removing particulate impurities in the pyrolysis gas is arranged inside the reaction tube, and a ring for enabling the pyrolysis gas to flow centrally through the surface of the catalyst is also arranged inside the reaction tube to improve the deposition efficiency of the pyrolysis gas; both ends of the reaction tube are connected and sealed through gaskets and flanges, and a conduit passes through one end of the flange and is communicated with the reaction tube.

[0008] A material dish is arranged inside the reaction tube on the side close to the silicon wool, and a metal push rod connected to the material dish extends outside the flange, and the metal push rod is in sliding fit and sealed with the flange.

[0009] A vacuum gauge and a vacuum pump are arranged on the conduit, the vacuum gauge is close to one end of the reaction tube, and the vacuum pump is located behind the vacuum gauge.

[0010] A U-shaped tube, a gas flow meter and an air bag are sequentially arranged on the conduit behind the vacuum pump, and the air bag is communicated with the reaction tube.

[0011] The reaction tube is a cylindrical quartz tube.

[0012] The material of the metal push rod is iron, aluminum or copper.

[0013] The thickness of the silicon wool is 3 - 6 mm, and the temperature resistance is 1200 °C; the position of the silicon wool is 0 - 50 mm to the left of the center of the reaction tube.

[0014] The ring is made of quartz; the ring is welded to the inner wall of the reaction tube; the thickness of the ring is 3 - 5 mm, and the diameter of the central small hole is 10 - 30 mm; the position of the ring is 0 - 100 mm to the right of the center of the reaction tube.

[0015] The calibers of the series connection points of the U-shaped tube, the conduit, the flow meter, the air bag and the drying tube are all 4 - 6 mm.

[0016] The main beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0017] One-step synthesis of carbon nanomaterials by biomass pyrolysis: The utility model can effectively realize the one-step synthesis of carbon nanomaterials by biomass pyrolysis through arranging silicon cotton in the reaction tube and setting a circular ring partition. Biomass pyrolyzes at the front end of the reaction tube to generate pyrolysis gas. When the pyrolysis gas flows through the silicon cotton, the silicon cotton can remove impurities such as particles in the pyrolysis gas, thereby improving the quality of the carbon nanomaterials. The circular ring in the reaction tube makes the pyrolysis gas flow through the catalyst more concentratedly, improving its deposition efficiency. The device has a simple process, occupies a small area, saves energy consumption, and is easy to be modified and realized on the basis of a laboratory horizontal tube furnace.

[0018] Flexible adjustment of pyrolysis rate: The utility model sets a movable metal push rod on the front flange cover of the reaction tube. By moving the movable metal push rod, the position of the material in the reaction tube can be adjusted, so as to control the material to perform rapid pyrolysis or slow pyrolysis to meet different experimental requirements.

[0019] Efficient extraction and collection of pyrolysis gas: The utility model connects a vacuum pump to the flange pipeline at the rear end of the reaction tube. It can not only extract the air in the reaction tube before the pyrolysis reaction, reduce the reaction exhaust time and save gas, but also completely extract and collect the pyrolysis gas in the reaction tube after the pyrolysis reaction, reducing the experimental error in the process of collecting pyrolysis gas.

[0020] There is a certain improvement in terms of process simplification, energy consumption reduction, experimental flexibility and data accuracy, and it can better meet the scientific research needs of the laboratory. Description of the Drawings

[0021] The following further describes the utility model in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the utility model.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the circular ring of the utility model.

[0024] In the figure: 1, metal push rod; 2, sealing flange; 3, material dish; 4, silicon cotton; 5, circular ring; 6, catalyst; 8, vacuum gauge; 9, vacuum pump; 10, U-shaped tube; 11, conduit; 12, drying tube; 13, gas flowmeter; 14, gas bag. Detailed Embodiment

[0025] Such as Figures 1 to 2As shown in the figure, a carbon deposition reactor for pyrolysis gas of laboratory biomass includes a reaction tube. Inside the reaction tube, a silica wool 4 is provided for removing particulate impurities in the pyrolysis gas. A circular ring 5 is also provided inside the reaction tube to make the pyrolysis gas flow centrally through the surface of the catalyst 6, improving the deposition efficiency of the pyrolysis gas. Both ends of the reaction tube are connected and sealed through gaskets and flanges 2, and a conduit 11 passes through one end of the flange 2 and communicates with the reaction tube. During use, the circular ring 5 can make the pyrolysis gas flow more centrally through the surface of the catalyst 6, improving the deposition efficiency of the pyrolysis gas.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, a material dish 3 is arranged inside the reaction tube near the silica wool 4. The metal push rod 1 connected to the material dish 3 extends outside the flange 2, and the metal push rod 1 is slidably fitted and sealed with the flange 2. During use, the connection between the metal push rod 1 and the flange 2 cover is sealed with rubber. During the pyrolysis of the material, the material is pushed to different positions in the reaction tube through the metal push rod 1, enabling rapid pyrolysis and slow pyrolysis of the material.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, a vacuum gauge 8 and a vacuum pump 9 are arranged on the conduit 11. The vacuum gauge 8 is close to one end of the reaction tube, and the vacuum pump 9 is located behind the vacuum gauge 8.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, a U-shaped tube 10, a gas flowmeter 13, and an air bag 14 are sequentially arranged on the conduit 11 behind the vacuum pump 9, and the air bag 14 communicates with the reaction tube.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the reaction tube is a cylindrical quartz tube. During production, the quartz tube is made of a material resistant to high temperature, high pressure, and acid-base corrosion, with a pipe diameter of 50 - 100 mm, a wall thickness of 3 - 5 mm, and a length of 800 - 1200 mm.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the material of the metal push rod 1 is iron, aluminum, or copper. During production, the diameter is 3 - 8 mm, and the length is 600 - 800 mm.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the silica wool 4 is 3 - 6 mm, and the temperature resistance is 1200 °C; the position of the silica wool 4 is 0 - 50 mm to the left of the center of the reaction tube.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the circular ring 5 is made of quartz; the circular ring 5 is welded to the inner wall of the reaction tube; the thickness of the circular ring 5 is 3 - 5 mm, and the diameter of the central small hole is 10 - 30 mm; the position of the circular ring 5 is 0 - 100 mm to the right of the center of the reaction tube.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the calibers of the U-shaped tube 10, the conduit 11, the gas flowmeter 13, the air bag 14, and the series connection of the conduit 11 are all 4 - 6 mm. During use, the U-shaped tube 10, the conduit 11, the gas flowmeter 13, the air bag 14, and the drying tube 12 have the same caliber interfaces, facilitating disassembly and assembly.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] First, place the materials in the material dish 3, and connect the entire reactor pipeline according to Figure 1 shown, and check its airtightness.

[0036] After confirmation, start the vacuum pump 9 to pump out the air in the pipeline. When the vacuum gauge reading is stable, turn off the vacuum pump and start introducing nitrogen into the pipeline.

[0037] Next, set the temperature increase program and start the pyrolysis of biomass and the deposition experiment of pyrolysis gas. The materials are pyrolyzed in the material dish 3, and the generated gas is transported to the silica wool 4 by the carrier gas. Particles and other impurities in the pyrolysis gas are intercepted and removed by the silica wool, and the remaining components continue to flow through the ring 5.

[0038] The converging effect of the ring 5 enables more pyrolysis gas to flow through the catalyst 6, and part of the hydrocarbon gas is deposited on the surface of the catalyst to obtain carbon nanomaterials and hydrogen.

[0039] After deposition, the gas continues to flow through the U-shaped tube 10 and the conduit 11. The U-shaped tube is placed in an ice bath pot, and silica gel is placed in the drying tube, which can respectively collect and remove tar and water vapor in the gas.

[0040] Finally, the gas passes through the gas flowmeter 13 and the gas bag 14 to calculate and collect the pyrolysis gas generated during the experiment. After the experiment, disassemble the reactor, collect and analyze the biochar, carbon nanomaterials, tar and pyrolysis gas obtained in turn, explore the reaction process and its mechanism, and continuously improve the reaction conditions according to the reaction results to achieve the experimental objectives.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Perform the biomass pyrolysis and pyrolysis gas deposition process as in Example 1, and collect the generated biochar, carbon nanomaterials, tar and pyrolysis gas. The difference is that:

[0043] The material dish is at the front end of the reaction tube during programmed temperature increase. When the temperature in the reaction tube rises to the set temperature, use a metal push rod to push the material dish to the high-temperature zone for rapid pyrolysis of the materials.

[0044] The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limitations to the present invention. The embodiments and the features in the embodiments in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention should be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including the equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, the equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laboratory biomass pyrolysis gas deposition carbon production reactor, characterized by: It includes a reaction tube; silicon wool is arranged inside the reaction tube for removing particulate impurities in the pyrolysis gas, and a ring is also arranged inside the reaction tube for making the pyrolysis gas flow through the catalyst surface in a concentrated manner to improve the deposition efficiency of the pyrolysis gas; both ends of the reaction tube are sealed by a sealing ring and a flange connection, and a conduit passes through one end of the flange and is connected to the reaction tube.

2. The laboratory biomass pyrolysis gas deposition carbon production reactor according to claim 1 is characterized by: A material dish is arranged in the reaction tube near the silicon wool side, and a metal push rod connected to the material dish extends out of the flange, and the metal push rod is slidably matched with the flange and sealed.

3. The laboratory biomass pyrolysis gas deposition carbon production reactor according to claim 1 is characterized by: A vacuum gauge and a vacuum pump are arranged on the conduit, the vacuum gauge is close to one end of the reaction tube, and the vacuum pump is located behind the vacuum gauge.

4. The laboratory biomass pyrolysis gas deposition carbon production reactor according to claim 3 is characterized by: A U-shaped tube, a drying tube, a gas flow meter and an air bag are arranged in sequence on the conduit behind the vacuum pump, and the air bag is connected with the reaction tube.

5. The laboratory biomass pyrolysis gas deposition carbon production reactor according to claim 1 is characterized by: The reaction tube is a cylindrical quartz tube.

6. The laboratory biomass pyrolysis gas deposition carbon production reactor according to claim 2 is characterized by: The metal push rod is made of iron, aluminum or copper.

7. The laboratory biomass pyrolysis gas deposition carbon production reactor according to claim 1 is characterized by: The silicon wool has a thickness of 3 to 6 mm and a temperature resistance of 1200°C; the silicon wool is located 0 to 50 mm to the left of the center of the reaction tube.

8. The laboratory biomass pyrolysis gas deposition carbon production reactor according to claim 1 is characterized by: The ring is made of quartz; the ring is welded to the inner wall of the reaction tube; the thickness of the ring is 3-5 mm, the diameter of the central hole is 10-30 mm; the position of the ring is 0-100 mm to the right of the center of the reaction tube.

9. The laboratory biomass pyrolysis gas deposition carbon production reactor according to claim 4 is characterized by: The diameters of the U-shaped tube, the conduit, the flow meter, the air bag and the drying tube at the serial connection point are all 4-6 mm.

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