Self-energy-supplementing hydrogen energy power-driven ship

Abstract

The utility model discloses a self-energy-supplementing hydrogen energy power-driven ship. The core of the ship comprises a self-energy-supplementing unit, a hydrogen storage unit and a hydrogen energy power generation driving unit. The water electrolysis hydrogen production and storage system and the hydrogen fuel battery pack power generation system are combined with the adjusting and buffering lithium battery system, and the self-energy-complementing storage and driving functions are achieved. The photovoltaic panel, the wind power generation system and the shore power ensure hydrogen production and energy storage of the ship, and the hydrogen storage system and the hydrogen fuel cell provide driving capacity. The system has the characteristics of autonomous hydrogen production, low temperature resistance, quick response, zero carbon emission and high energy utilization rate, the long-distance cruising ability of the ship is remarkably improved, and a self-sufficiency energy supplement function is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of new energy ship offshore energy replenishment, in particular to a self-replenishing hydrogen energy powered ship. Background Art

[0002] As an important water transportation vehicle, ships are widely used in inland water transportation and sea transportation. At present, all ship driving methods use diesel, and there are problems and difficulties such as large environmental impact, high energy dependence, low energy efficiency, high maintenance cost, and potential safety hazards in current diesel-powered ships. Diesel-powered ships use fossil fuels to produce a large amount of pollutants, which have an adverse impact on the environment. At the same time, they have a high dependence on limited energy resources, high maintenance costs, and potential safety hazards. Converting waterborne mobile ships to hydrogen energy ships means reducing carbon emissions and air pollution, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, promoting technological innovation, and increasing the sustainability of the shipping industry. This will help improve the environment, improve energy utilization efficiency, and promote the shipping industry to develop in a more sustainable direction. There are mainly two existing ship power systems: diesel power and lithium battery drive; diesel requires refueling at the port and emits polluting gases and particulate matter, which does not meet the requirements of low-carbon environmental protection; for lithium battery-driven ships, there are problems such as low energy density of lithium battery packs, slow charging speed, and too frequent charging, which do not meet the requirements of most ships for long-distance travel with a single energy replenishment; therefore, the existing ship technology cannot fully meet the requirements of green environmental protection, long energy supply time, short energy replenishment time, and no noise. At the same time, due to the lack of fossil energy resources, resulting in regional oil shortages, short lifespan of lithium batteries, low safety of battery cells, and pollution and environmental protection problems in the recycling of old batteries, there is a need for a new ship power energy and a sustainable energy replenishment method. The present invention proposes a self-replenishing hydrogen energy powered ship to solve the pollution problem of marine diesel engines to rivers, solve the self-replenishing energy problems of long-distance ship endurance, difficult refueling, and difficult charging, and solve the technical problems of short endurance time and low cold resistance of actual marine lithium batteries.

[0003] "Onboard Hydrogen Fuel Preparation System and Its Hydrogen Production Method" disclosed in Chinese patent literature, with publication number CN114142061A, discloses an onboard hydrogen fuel preparation system and its hydrogen production method, which relates to the technical field of onboard fuel preparation. By placing a natural gas storage tank for storing liquefied natural gas on the ship, the natural gas evaporator in the natural gas storage tank directly enters the heater. The liquefied natural gas in the natural gas storage tank is turned into low-temperature natural gas through a low-temperature evaporator, and the low-temperature natural gas enters the heater. The heater raises the temperature of the natural gas and transports the heated natural gas to the natural gas hydrogen production device, where the natural gas is converted into hydrogen using the natural gas hydrogen production device, and the hydrogen is used as fuel for the ship's power system or power system. However, although the Chinese patent with publication number CN114142061A has good hydrogen production effects, it needs to replenish compressed natural gas by docking at the shore and cannot solve the problems of a ship producing hydrogen and replenishing energy by itself without docking at the shore. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention proposes a self-supplying energy hydrogen-powered ship to solve the pollution problem of marine diesel engines to rivers, solve the self-supplying energy problems of long-distance ship endurance, difficult refueling, and difficult recharging, solve the technical problems of actual marine lithium batteries with short endurance time and poor cold resistance, and proposes a system and method that uses a ship power generation system, including but not limited to new energy power generation methods such as onboard photovoltaic panels, floating photovoltaic panels on the water surface, wind power generation, and wave power generation, electrolyzes water to produce hydrogen through an alkaline or proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, stores hydrogen through high-pressure gaseous hydrogen, hydrogen liquefaction (liquid hydrogen), hydrogen oil storage, or solid hydrogen storage, and then supplies it to the hydrogen-powered ship. By controlling the new energy hydrogen production system and the hydrogen fuel cell stack to generate electricity and regulating the buffer lithium battery system, it plays the role of producing hydrogen and self-supplying energy offshore, and ensures the energy supply of the hydrogen-powered ship during long-distance voyages at sea.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A self-supplementary energy unit of a hydrogen energy-powered ship includes: a ship power generation system and an electrolytic hydrogen production system; the hydrogen storage unit includes: a purification system for drying and filtering, a pressurization system, and a hydrogen storage system; the hydrogen energy power generation and drive unit includes: a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, a hydrogen fuel engine system, a power control system, and a drive motor, etc. The on-board new energy power generation system is connected to the DC bus, the DC bus is connected with a first DC / DC converter, the first DC / DC converter is connected with an electrolytic cell, and the hydrogen generated after electrolyzing water in the electrolytic cell is purified and then transported to the hydrogen storage system through a pipeline. The hydrogen storage system is connected with a hydrogen fuel cell stack, the hydrogen fuel cell stack is connected with a second DC / DC converter, the second DC / DC converter is respectively connected with a buffer lithium battery system and a ship DC drive motor through the DC bus, the DC bus is also connected with an AC / DC and shore power device, and the buffer lithium battery system is charged and discharged according to the instructions of the centralized control system. All the above connections are controlled by the centralized control system through circuit breaker switches for on-off control; the system also includes a centralized control system, and the centralized control system is used for ship control.

[0006] In the present invention, when the connection with the ship shore power is completed, Q4 and Q5 are closed, and the ship controller can be switched to the "hydrogen production position". The AC shore power is input and incorporated into the DC bus through the AC / DC. The first switch Q1 is closed, and the electrolytic cell is supplied through the first DC / DC to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. The produced hydrogen is dried and purified and then compressed and stored in the hydrogen storage system.

[0007] Preferably, a first switch Q7 is provided between the first DC / DC converter and the electrolytic cell. When the ship controller is switched to the "hydrogen production position", the first switch Q1 is closed.

[0008] In the present invention, when the new energy power generation systems such as ship wind, light, and wave are connected, Q3 is closed, the new energy power generation is incorporated into the DC bus, the ship centralized control system is switched to the "hydrogen production position", the first switch Q1 is closed, and the electrolytic cell is supplied through the first DC / DC to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. The produced hydrogen is dried and purified and then compressed and stored in the hydrogen storage system.

[0009] In the present invention, when the switch Q2 is closed, the ship is switched to the "travel position", the hydrogen fuel cell stack generates electricity, the drive motor travels, and the buffer lithium battery is charged; the centralized monitoring system controls the charging and discharging of the buffer lithium battery system to cope with the high-load and low-load situations of the hydrogen fuel cell stack.

[0010] Preferably, a second switch Q8 is provided between the second DC / DC converter and the hydrogen fuel cell; when the ship controller is switched to the "travel position", the switches Q2 and Q4 are closed.

[0011] In the present invention, switch Q1 is used to control the connection of the first DC / DC to the bus, switch Q7 is used to control the connection of the electrolyzer to the first DC / DC, and switch Q1 is used to control the ship controller to switch to the "hydrogen production position"; after triggering the ship controller to switch to the "hydrogen production position", switches Q1 and Q7 are closed.

[0012] Preferably, the electrolyzer includes an internal DC / AC converter and a control unit, and the electrolyzer receives instructions from the centralized control system through a remote communication module.

[0013] In the present invention, the self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship can use the direct current generated by on-board new energy power generation for hydrogen production and driving the motor. When the shore power is disconnected, the on-board new energy power generation can provide power for hydrogen production in the on-board electrolyzer, direct current driving the motor and the load; the control unit inside the self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship can receive the instruction scheduling of the centralized control system.

[0014] Preferably, the centralized control system further includes a visualization module. The visualization module is used to display the real-time hydrogen production and energy storage information, fuel cell power generation and ship power information of the self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship. The visualization module is also connected to a safety monitoring system for the whole process of hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, power generation and driving of the self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship.

[0015] In the present invention, the hydrogen cylinders of the hydrogen storage system can adopt gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage. The form and quantity are designed and arranged according to actual needs, and the hydrogen storage cylinders are fixed by structural members.

[0016] In the present invention, the centralized control system is the total control center of the emergency power supply, and is respectively connected to the on-board new energy power generation, electrolyzer, buffer lithium battery pack, hydrogen storage system, hydrogen fuel cell pack and DC / DC converter, and corresponding controls are carried out; the centralized control system further includes a visualization module. The visualization module includes several display units, and the real-time power generation information is displayed through the display units. In addition, since the visualization module is also connected to the monitoring system, the data monitored by the monitoring system can also be visually displayed.

[0017] A self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship adopts the above-mentioned self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship control system, and the following steps: S1, connect the self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship to the shore power, automatically trigger the ship controller to switch to the "hydrogen production position", and the shore power can provide power for the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen;

[0018] S2, when the ship stops moving, switches Q1, Q3, and Q7 are closed, the ship controller switches to the "hydrogen production position", and the on-board new energy power generation can provide power for the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen;

[0019] S3. When the ship is powered by hydrogen fuel, switches Q2, Q4, and Q8 are closed, and the ship controller switches to the "running position". The hydrogen fuel cell generates electricity to provide power for the DC drive motor, driving the ship to move forward.

[0020] S4. When the ship is powered by pure electricity, switches Q3 and Q4 are closed, and the ship controller switches to the "running position". The new energy generation and the buffer lithium battery work together to directly provide power for the DC drive motor, driving the ship to move forward. The surplus electric energy can be stored in the buffer lithium battery pack.

[0021] S4. When the mains power returns to normal, the electrolyzer automatically enters the standby mode, and the off-grid switching device closes immediately. Then the electrolyzer automatically enters the grid-connected mode.

[0022] S5. When the self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship stops, disconnect the electrical connection switches of Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q7, and Q8 from the DC bus, and the ship controller enters the "stop position".

[0023] In the present invention, a balance judgment is made between the power supply of the hydrogen fuel cell and the buffer lithium battery pack and the power required by the hydrogen energy ship to ensure the best power supply method.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: For a self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship of the present invention, by controlling the energy supply unit, hydrogen storage unit, hydrogen fuel cell, and drive unit, and adjusting the buffer lithium battery system, it can achieve zero-carbon energy supply and zero-carbon driving for the ship. In addition, the self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship of the present invention can solve the following problems: 1. Solve the pollution problem of marine diesel engines to rivers and seas. 2. Innovatively use sunlight and water to produce hydrogen to solve the self-supplementary energy problem of long-distance navigation of ships. 3. Apply hydrogen fuel cells to solve the problems of short battery life and low cold resistance of actual marine lithium batteries. 4. Innovatively apply the silent characteristics of hydrogen fuel cell power generation to perfectly solve the silent stealth navigation problems of ships and submarines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of a self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a system operation flow chart of a self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is an electrical connection schematic diagram of a system operation flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0028] Example 1:

[0029] This example proposes a self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship, referring to Figures 1 to 3, including a ship controller, a hydrogen production system, and a hydrogen power generation system. The DC bus is connected to a first DC / DC converter, and the first DC / DC converter is connected to an electrolyzer. The hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer is transported through a pipeline, and after drying, purification, and pressurization, it enters the hydrogen storage system. The hydrogen storage system is connected to a hydrogen fuel cell stack, the hydrogen fuel cell stack is connected to a second DC / DC converter, the second DC / DC converter is connected to the DC bus, the DC bus is connected to a buffer lithium battery system, and the DC bus is also connected to a DC drive motor; it also includes a centralized control system, which is used to control the entire process of new energy power generation, hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, power generation, drive, and charging and discharging of the buffer lithium battery system.

[0030] Reference Figure 3 , a first switch Q1 is provided between the DC bus, the first DC / DC converter, and the electrolyzer, and a second switch Q2 is provided between the DC bus, the second DC / DC converter, and the hydrogen fuel cell; when the ship controller switches to the "hydrogen production position", the first switch Q1 closes. When the ship controller switches to the "travel position", the switch Q4 closes, and the hydrogen fuel cell drives to close the switch Q2, and the new energy drive closes Q3, and the buffer lithium battery plays a buffering and regulating role.

[0031] The centralized control system also includes a visualization module, which is used to display the real-time power generation information of the self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship. The visualization module is also connected to the monitoring of the whole process of hydrogen production, power generation, and drive of the self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship. In this embodiment, the visualization module is usually a combination of multiple display units and a controller, and the display unit is generally an LED display screen.

[0032] In this embodiment, when the new energy power generation is incorporated into the DC bus, the ship centralized control system switches to the "hydrogen production position". When the switch Q2 closes, the ship switches to the "travel position", the hydrogen fuel cell stack generates electricity, the drive motor travels, and the buffer lithium battery is charged; the centralized monitoring system controls the charging and discharging of the buffer lithium battery system to cope with the high-load and low-load situations of the hydrogen fuel cell stack.

[0033] In this embodiment, the centralized control system is the total control center of the power supply, which is respectively connected to the electrolyzer, the buffer lithium battery system, the hydrogen storage system, the hydrogen fuel cell stack, and the first and second DC / DC converters, and performs corresponding controls; the centralized control system also includes a visualization module, which includes several display units, and the real-time power generation information is displayed through the display units. In addition, since the visualization module is also connected to the monitoring system, it can also visually display the data monitored by the monitoring system.

[0034] This embodiment also proposes a self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship, reference Figure 2 , using the above-mentioned self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship, including the following steps.

[0035] S1. Connect the self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship to the shore power, which automatically triggers the ship controller to switch to the "hydrogen production position", and the shore power can provide electricity for the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen.

[0036] S2. When the ship stops moving, switches Q1, Q3, and Q7 are closed, and the ship controller switches to the "hydrogen production position". The on-board new energy power generation can provide electricity for the electrolyzer to produce hydrogen.

[0037] S3. When the ship is powered by hydrogen fuel and moving, switches Q2, Q4, and Q8 are closed, and the ship controller switches to the "travel position". The hydrogen fuel cell power generation can provide electricity for the DC drive motor to drive the ship to move.

[0038] S4. When the ship is moving purely electrically, switches Q3 and Q4 are closed, and the ship controller switches to the "travel position". The new energy power generation and the buffer lithium battery work together to directly provide electricity for the DC drive motor to drive the ship to move, and the surplus electric energy can be stored in the buffer lithium battery pack.

[0039] S4. When the mains power resumes normal, the electrolyzer automatically enters the standby mode, and the off-grid switching device immediately closes, and the electrolyzer automatically enters the grid-connected mode.

[0040] S5. When the self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship stops, disconnect the electrical connection switches of Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q7, and Q8 from the DC bus, and the ship controller enters the "stop position".

[0041] In this embodiment, first, the self-supplementary energy hydrogen-powered ship controls the connection of each functional module to the DC bus through the centralized control system. There are two scenarios for the "hydrogen production position": 1. The on-board new energy power generation system is connected to the DC bus; 2. The shore power is connected to the DC bus through AC / DC, triggering the ship controller to switch to the "hydrogen production position". The DC bus is connected with a first DC / DC converter, and the first DC / DC converter is connected with an electrolyzer. The hydrogen generated after the electrolyzer electrolyzes water is purified and then transported to the hydrogen storage system through a pipeline. There are two scenarios for the "travel position": 1. The hydrogen storage system is connected with a hydrogen fuel cell stack, the hydrogen fuel cell stack is connected with a second DC / DC converter, and the second DC / DC converter is respectively connected with a buffer lithium battery system and a ship DC drive motor through the DC bus; 2. The on-board new energy power generation system is connected with the buffer lithium battery system and the ship DC drive motor through the DC bus, so as to drive the ship to move. The buffer lithium battery system is charged and discharged according to the instructions of the centralized control system. All the above connections are controlled by the centralized control system through circuit breaker switches for on-off control.

[0042] The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those of ordinary skill in the art can make many modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative efforts. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art in this technical field based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A self-supplementing hydrogen powered ship, characterized in that: It includes a ship control system, a self-replenishing unit, a hydrogen storage unit, a buffer lithium battery pack and a hydrogen power generation drive unit; The self-replenishing unit is connected to a DC bus, which is connected to a first DC / DC converter, which is connected to an electrolyzer. The hydrogen generated by the electrolyzer after electrolyzing water is purified and then transported to a hydrogen storage system through a pipeline. The hydrogen storage system is connected to a hydrogen fuel cell group, which is connected to a second DC / DC converter. The second DC / DC converter is respectively connected to a buffer lithium battery system and a ship DC drive motor through a DC bus. The DC bus is also connected to an AC / DC and a shore power device. The buffer lithium battery system is charged and discharged according to the instructions of a centralized control system.

2. The self-supplementing hydrogen powered ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-supplementing unit includes one or more combination of shipboard photovoltaic panels, water surface photovoltaic panels, wind power generation systems, and wave power generation systems.

3. The self-supplementing hydrogen powered ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage unit includes one or more combinations of a high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage bottle group, a liquid hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen oil storage device, and a solid hydrogen storage device.

4. The self-supplementing hydrogen powered ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen power generation drive unit includes a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, a hydrogen fuel engine system, a power control system and a drive motor.

5. The self-supplementing hydrogen powered ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a centralized control system for controlling hydrogen production by electrolyzers, hydrogen liquefaction, fuel cell power generation, and charging and discharging of buffer lithium battery systems.

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