Device for sampling root system of single corn plant in spinning period

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of crop root sampling equipment, and particularly relates to a single corn root sampling device in a spinning period, which comprises a moving table and a root sampling mechanism arranged below the moving table, and a moving frame is arranged on the moving table; the root system sampling mechanism comprises a root frame, the root frame is connected with the moving table through a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, brake cavities are symmetrically formed in the left side and the right side of the root frame, an operation plate is arranged above the root frame, rectangular holes are symmetrically formed in the left end and the right end of the operation plate, the rectangular holes are located over the brake cavities, and a push rod mechanism is arranged on the operation plate. A rake is arranged below the push rod mechanism, a rake handle of the rake is located in the brake cavity, a rake head of the rake is located below the root frame orbit wall, and the bottom of the rake handle of the rake is hinged to the inner side wall of the bottom of the brake cavity through a hinge piece. The root taking device is large in root taking radius and deep in root taking depth, a large amount of surrounding soil is not damaged, and the original structure of the soil and the topological structure of a root system can be kept in the sampling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of crop root sampling equipment, and particularly relates to a single-plant root sampling device for maize at the silking stage. Background Technique

[0002] Root research has always been a core topic in the fields of soil science, breeding science, crop cultivation science, etc., and has attracted much attention from scholars. The root system structure includes the topological structure and geometric morphology of the root system, which plays an extremely important role in crop nutrient and water absorption. Maize, as an important food and feed crop with the highest total global output, is rich in nutrients such as protein, fat, vitamins, and trace elements. Its root system is a fibrous root system, composed of seminal roots and nodal roots, which penetrate deep into the soil. As a key organ for absorbing and transporting water and nutrients, the maize root system not only undertakes the important tasks of synthesizing and transforming nutrients and fixing the above-ground part, but also directly determines the utilization efficiency and potential of underground resources. It is not only the connection link between plants and the soil, but also an important organ for perceiving changes in the soil environment, and can respond to nutrient, water gradients, and other characteristics in the soil. Its distribution pattern in the soil has a profound impact on the entire soil ecosystem. Therefore, the excavation and research of maize roots are of great significance.

[0003] Since maize roots grow underground, it is difficult to observe and study them. Therefore, choosing a suitable root sampling device is crucial for field maize root research. At present, the common root sampling methods in maize root research mainly include potted plant flushing roots, root drilling, and root digging. Among them, the potted plant method is likely to limit the natural growth of maize roots and is difficult to simulate the real field state; the range of root drilling is small, and it is impossible to completely obtain maize roots, making it difficult to comprehensively understand the spatial distribution of roots. In contrast, the root digging method is a commonly used root sampling method, which can relatively completely present the spatial distribution of maize roots.

[0004] Currently, there are also related designs that disclose root sampling devices for sampling maize roots. However, the maximum horizontal length of root digging for most root sampling devices does not exceed 50 cm, and the root digging depth does not exceed 50 cm. It is impossible to obtain the complete roots of a single maize plant at the silking stage in one go because the horizontal length and depth distribution of the roots of a single maize plant at the silking stage will be greater than 50 cm. Multiple samplings, on the other hand, cannot obtain the complete topological structure of the roots. In addition, when lifting the root frame, specific equipment is required to horizontally cut the bottom of the soil column with a flat plate and fix it to the bottom of the sampling frame to prevent the soil column from detaching from the root frame and falling when the root frame is lifted. At the same time, when excavating the soil column of the target roots, a large amount of surrounding soil is often damaged, and the damaged volume far exceeds the volume of the target soil column, which also means an increase in the cost of the experimental land and affects the continuous experimental work in this field in the future. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method and equipment with a large sampling diameter (50 cm), low cost, time-saving, easy to operate, small equipment volume, which can ensure that the original structure of the soil and the topological structure of the roots are maintained during the sampling process, and at the same time cause little damage to the soil around the target soil column to solve the above difficulties. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a single maize plant root sampling device at the silking stage. The root sampling mechanism can achieve a root digging horizontal length and depth greater than 50 cm, can excavate and obtain the complete roots of a single maize plant at the silking stage, does not damage a large amount of surrounding soil, and the sampling process can maintain the original structure of the soil and the topological structure of the roots.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A single-plant root sampling device for maize at the silk stage, comprising a mobile platform and a root sampling mechanism arranged below the mobile platform. A mobile frame is provided on the mobile platform, and the mobile frame is used to move the mobile platform to operate above the roots. The root sampling mechanism includes a root frame, and the root frame is connected to the mobile platform through a telescopic hydraulic cylinder (the telescopic hydraulic cylinder refers to a double-acting hydraulic cylinder). Brake chambers are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the root frame, and the brake chambers are used to brake the rake handles placed therein. An operation board is arranged above the root frame, and the root frame is fixedly connected to the operation board through a support column. Rectangular holes are symmetrically arranged at the left and right ends of the operation board, and the rectangular holes are located directly above the brake chambers. A push rod mechanism is arranged on the operation board to push the rake through the push rod mechanism. The push rod mechanism includes an execution motor, a bidirectional screw rod rotatably arranged above the rectangular hole, and a push plate. The execution motor is installed on the operation board through a motor base, and the output shaft of the execution motor is connected to the bidirectional screw rod through a coupling. The push plates are threadedly connected to the left and right ends of the bidirectional screw rod, and the lower part of the push plate is slidably arranged in the rectangular hole. A brake plate is closely attached to the outer side wall of the push plate, and a through hole is arranged on the brake plate. The bidirectional screw rod passes through the through hole of the brake plate. A rake is arranged below the brake plate, and the bottom of the brake plate is fixedly connected to the top of the rake handle of the rake. The rake handle of the rake is located in the brake chamber, and the rake head of the rake is located below the wall of the root frame. The bottom of the rake handle of the rake is hinged to the inner side wall of the bottom of the brake chamber through a hinge.

[0008] Further, the upper ends of the rake handles at both ends are connected with tension springs, and the position where the tension springs are arranged is higher than the root frame. The tension springs are used to tighten the rake handles to prevent the rake handles from moving towards the outside of the brake chamber when the root frame is pressed into the soil.

[0009] Further, the brake chamber is designed as a triangular structure, which can reduce the resistance when the root frame is pressed into the soil.

[0010] Further, the mobile frame includes support legs and casters. The support legs are arranged around the bottom of the mobile platform, and the casters are arranged at the bottom of the support legs.

[0011] Further, water flow holes are arranged on the operation board, and the water flow holes are located above the inside of the root frame.

[0012] Further, a vibration motor is arranged on the mobile platform, and the whole device is driven to vibrate through the vibration of the vibration motor.

[0013] Further, the horizontal length and horizontal width of the rectangular hole are respectively greater than the horizontal length and horizontal width of the brake chamber.

[0014] Further, the aperture of the through hole of the brake plate is larger than the diameter of the bidirectional screw. In this way, when the push plate pushes the brake plate to drive the movement of the rake handle, it is ensured that the rake handle does not deform.

[0015] Further, the rake teeth of the rake are in an arc-shaped structure, and the length is greater than the radius of the root frame. The rake teeth of the rakes at both ends are arranged staggeredly.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0017] 1. The present utility model adopts a mechatronic design, which combines the mobile platform with the root sampling mechanism. It has a large root sampling radius and a deep root sampling depth, and has the advantages of high excavation efficiency, complete excavation of root hairs, few broken roots, the ability to clean the soil on the root hair part, and reduced labor intensity of workers.

[0018] 2. During the sampling process, the original structure of the soil and the topological structure of the root system can be maintained, and the soil around the target soil column is not damaged. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 is a front view structural schematic diagram of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the root sampling mechanism of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the rake and the brake chamber of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 is an effect diagram of the use state of the present utility model.

[0024] In the figure: 1. Mobile platform; 2. Working board; 3. Leg; 4. Support pillar; 5. Telescopic hydraulic cylinder; 6. Root frame; 7. Caster; 8. Rake; 9. Brake chamber; 10. Tension spring; 11. Actuating motor; 12. Bidirectional screw; 13. Brake plate; 14. Push plate; 15. Water flow hole; 16. Vibration motor; 17. Rectangular hole; 18. Hinge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0026] Such as Figures 1-5As shown in the figure, a single-plant root sampling device for maize at the silking stage designed by the utility model includes a moving platform 1 and a root sampling mechanism arranged below the moving platform 1. A moving frame is arranged on the moving platform 1. The moving frame includes legs 3 and casters 7. The legs 3 are arranged around the bottom of the moving platform 1. There are 4 legs 3, which are arranged in a corresponding manner. The casters 7 are arranged at the bottom of the legs 3. The casters 7 are universal casters. The moving frame is used to move the moving platform 1 above the roots for operation; a vibration motor 16 is arranged on the moving platform, and the whole device can be driven to vibrate by the vibration motor 16; the root sampling mechanism includes a root frame 6. The root frame 6 is circular in shape, and its diameter should be greater than 100 cm. The root frame 6 is connected to the moving platform 1 through a telescopic hydraulic cylinder 5. The root frame 6 can be pressed down or lifted up by the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 5. The extended length of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 5 should meet the depth of root sampling; braking chambers 9 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the root frame 6. The braking chambers 9 are used to brake the rake handles of the rakes 8 placed therein. The braking chambers 9 are triangular structures with a wider top and a narrower bottom to reduce the resistance when the root frame is pressed into the soil; an operation board 2 is arranged above the root frame 6. The root frame 6 and the operation board 2 are fixedly connected through columns 4. The operation board 2 rises and falls as the root frame 6 rises and falls; rectangular holes 17 are arranged at the left and right ends of the operation board 2. The rectangular holes 17 are located directly above the braking chambers 9. The horizontal length and width of the rectangular holes 17 are respectively greater than the horizontal length and width of the braking chambers 9; a push rod mechanism is arranged on the operation board 2. The push rod mechanism includes an execution motor 11, a bidirectional screw 12 rotatably arranged above the rectangular hole 17, and a push plate 14; the execution motor 11 is installed on the operation board 2 through a motor base. The output shaft of the execution motor 11 is connected to the bidirectional screw 12 through a coupling. The push plates 14 are threadedly connected to the left and right ends of the bidirectional screw 12. The lower part of the push plate 14 is slidably arranged in the rectangular hole; a braking plate 13 is closely attached to the outer side wall of the push plate 14. Through holes are arranged on the braking plate 13. The bidirectional screw passes through the through holes of the braking plate. The aperture of the through holes of the braking plate 13 is greater than the diameter of the bidirectional screw 12. In this way, when the push plate 14 pushes the braking plate to drive the movement of the rake handle, it is ensured that the rake handle does not deform; a rake 8 is arranged below the braking plate 13. The bottom of the braking plate 13 is fixedly connected to the top of the rake handle of the rake 8. The rake handle of the rake 8 is located in the braking chamber 9. Tension springs 10 are connected to the upper ends of the rake handles at both ends. The position where the tension springs 10 are arranged is higher than the root frame 6. The tension springs 10 are used to tighten the rake handles to prevent the rake handles from moving towards the outside of the braking chamber 9 when the root frame 6 is pressed into the soil; the rake heads of the rake 8 are located below the wall of the root frame 6. The bottom of the rake handle of the rake 8 is hinged to the inner side wall of the bottom of the braking chamber 9 through a hinge 18; the rake teeth of the rake 8 are in an arc-shaped structure, and the length is greater than the radius of the root frame 6. The rake teeth of the rake 8 at both ends are arranged staggeredly.

[0027] Further, according to requirements, water flow holes 15 may be provided on the operation board 2. The water flow holes 15 are located above the inside of the root frame 6. Insert a water pipe into the water flow holes 15 and connect to external water to flush the area within the range of the lower root frame 6, which is beneficial to flushing and softening the dug root soil column and removing the sand and soil attached to the roots.

[0028] The working principle and usage process of the present utility model are as follows:

[0029] When sampling, first cut off the stalk of the corn plant and only retain about 10 cm of the above-ground part. Move the mobile platform 1 above the corn plant, start the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 5 to press the root frame 6 downward. The bottom of the root frame 6 presses the head of the harrow 8 below, and presses the harrow teeth and the root frame 6 into the soil to an appropriate depth (the surface where the bottom end of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 5 is located is always higher than the soil surface). Subsequently, start the actuating motor 11. Under the action of the thread of the bidirectional screw 12, the push plate 14 pushes the harrow handle 8 connected to the lower part of the brake plate 13 outward to move outward. Under the hinge action at the bottom of the harrow handle 8 of the harrow 8, the head of the harrow 8 tilts inward and upward to support the root soil column (as Figure 5 shown). Subsequently, lift the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 5 to lift the root frame 6 out of the ground. At the same time, start the vibration motor 16 to vibrate the root frame 6 to shake the corn roots and shake off the soil on the corn roots; at the same time, insert a water pipe into the water flow holes 15 and spray water on the root soil column to wash off the soil on the corn roots. In the case where the planting soil is relatively hard, the operator can apply pressure to the mobile platform 1 to ensure that the root frame 6 can enter the soil.

[0030] After taking the roots, reverse-rotate the actuating motor 11, the push plate 14 moves inward, and at the same time, the brake plate 13 returns to its position under the action of the tension spring 10.

[0031] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprises", "comprising" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0032] Although the embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present utility model. The scope of the present utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A root sampling device for individual corn plants in the silking stage, characterized in that: It comprises a moving platform and a root sampling mechanism arranged below the moving platform, wherein a moving frame is arranged on the moving platform; the root sampling mechanism comprises a root frame, wherein the root frame is connected to the moving platform through a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, brake chambers are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the root frame, a working plate is arranged above the root frame, and the root frame and the working plate are fixedly connected through pillars; rectangular holes are symmetrically arranged on the left and right ends of the working plate, wherein the rectangular holes are located directly above the brake chambers, a push rod mechanism is arranged on the working plate, and the push rod mechanism comprises an executing motor, a bidirectional screw rod rotating above the rectangular hole, and a push plate; a The execution motor, the output shaft of the execution motor is connected to the bidirectional screw through a coupling, the push plates are threadedly connected to the left and right ends of the bidirectional screw, the lower part of the push plate is slidably arranged in the rectangular hole, the outer wall of the push plate is tightly attached to a brake plate, the brake plate is provided with a through hole, the bidirectional screw passes through the brake plate through hole, a spike rake is provided below the brake plate, the bottom of the brake plate is fixedly connected to the top of the rake handle of the spike rake, the rake handle of the spike rake is located in the brake chamber, the rake head of the spike rake is located below the root frame orbital wall, and the bottom of the rake handle of the spike rake is hinged to the inner wall of the bottom of the brake chamber through a hinge.

2. The root sampling device for individual corn plants in the silking stage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper ends of the rake handles at both ends are connected with tension springs, and the tension springs are arranged at a position higher than the root frame.

3. The root sampling device for individual corn plants in the silking stage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brake chamber is designed as a triangular structure.

4. The root sampling device for individual corn plants in the silking stage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile frame comprises legs and casters. The legs are arranged around the bottom of the mobile platform, and the casters are arranged at the bottom of the legs.

5. The root sampling device for individual corn plants in the silking stage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water flow hole is provided on the working plate, and the water flow hole is located above the inside of the root frame.

6. The root sampling device for individual corn plants at the silking stage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving platform is provided with a vibration motor.

7. The root sampling device for individual corn plants at the silking stage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transverse length and transverse width of the rectangular hole are respectively greater than the transverse length and transverse width of the brake chamber.

8. The root sampling device for individual corn plants in the silking stage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The through hole diameter of the brake plate is larger than the diameter of the bidirectional screw.

9. The root sampling device for individual corn plants in the silking stage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rake teeth of the spike rake are in an arc-shaped structure, and the length thereof is greater than the radius of the root frame, and the rake teeth of the spike rakes at the two ends are staggered.

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