Tunable resonator and filter comprising same

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tunable resonator and a filter comprising the same, the tunable resonator comprises a metal cavity and a resonant cavity sleeve connected with one end of the metal cavity, and the metal cavity is communicated with the cavity of the resonant cavity sleeve; the tuning column is arranged in the metal cavity and the resonant cavity sleeve in a left-right moving mode, the right end of the tuning column is movably and fixedly arranged in the metal cavity, and the left end of the tuning column extends into the pipe cavity. The length of the right end of the tuning column in the metal cavity can be adjusted by moving the tuning column left and right, the length of the left end of the tuning column in the resonant cavity sleeve can be controlled, and when the tuning column moves from left to right, the distance between the outer wall surface of the tuning column and the inner wall surface of the resonant cavity sleeve is gradually increased, so that the length of the tuning column in the resonant cavity sleeve is the longest at the lowest frequency, and the length of the tuning column in the resonant cavity sleeve is smaller. The capacitive loading is maximum, and the power is maximum; at the highest frequency, the length of the tuning column in the resonant cavity sleeve is minimum, the capacitance loading is minimum, but the distance between the tuning column and the inner wall surface of the resonant cavity sleeve is maximum, so that the power capacity is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a tunable resonator and a filter containing the same. Background Art

[0002] A filter is an important component for signal processing, which achieves the filtering effect by filtering or enhancing signals within a specific frequency range. A resonator refers to an electronic component that generates a resonant frequency and is the core component of a filter.

[0003] VHF (Very High Frequency) filters or UHF (Ultra High Frequency) filters are different from general filters. They need to be tunable in units of channels across the entire VHF or UHF frequency band. Taking the VHF filter as an example, the designed bandwidth of the filter, that is, the channel bandwidth, is 1.54 MHz, and the frequency modulation range is from 174 MHz to 240 MHz.

[0004] Traditional filters often achieve frequency tuning by adjusting the depth of the tuning screw entering the resonant cavity. For example, tuning to a frequency of 174 MHz requires a resonator length of about 430 mm for a 1 / 4 wavelength. In this way, the height of the filter designed with a traditional resonator needs to be at least 450 mm (plus the external cavity). Thus, the filter size is too large.

[0005] To avoid an overly large filter size, an improved resonator uses capacitive loading. For example, a tunable filter disclosed in patent application CN117712647A has an elastic skin provided at the first end of a metal resonant column. After the tuning rod enters from the second end of the metal resonant column, as the depth of the tuning rod changes, the tuning rod generates pressure on the elastic skin, causing the elastic skin to deform, and thus changing the capacitance to achieve tuning of the resonant frequency. This capacitive loading method belongs to mushroom-shaped capacitive loading. The mushroom-shaped capacitive loading method can effectively reduce the length of the resonator, thereby reducing the size of the filter product and achieving the effect of cost reduction. However, the frequency modulation range of the resonator is small, reducing the Q value (quality factor) and power capacity of the resonator, and the temperature drift of the resonator is large.

[0006] The tubular capacitor-loaded resonator can reduce the influence on the Q value and power capacity. For example, a coaxial cavity filter disclosed in Patent CN220731764U sets a frequency-down resonant cavity sleeve in the radial gap between the tuning screw and the resonant rod. The dielectric constant of the frequency-down resonant cavity sleeve is greater than that of air, which can effectively reduce the length of the resonator, and the influence on the Q value and power capacity is smaller than that of the mushroom-shaped capacitive loading. The temperature drift of the resonator can be greatly improved. However, at the same size, the power capacity of the tubular capacitor loading decreases as the tuning frequency increases, and the power capacity cannot be unified throughout the frequency band.

[0007] Therefore, the above prior art has at least the following technical problems: The power capacity of the resonator in the prior art decreases as the tuning frequency increases, and the power capacity cannot be unified throughout the frequency band. Summary of the Utility Model

[0008] By providing a tunable resonator and a filter containing the same in an embodiment of the present application, the technical problem that the power capacity of the resonator in the prior art decreases as the tuning frequency increases and the power capacity cannot be unified throughout the frequency band is solved.

[0009] To solve the above technical problem, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a tunable resonator. The resonator includes a metal cavity and a resonant cavity sleeve connected to one end of the metal cavity, and the cavity of the metal cavity is communicated with the cavity of the resonant cavity sleeve. Define the end where the resonant cavity sleeve is located as the left end, and the end where the metal cavity is located as the right end;

[0010] The resonator further includes a tuning column movably disposed in the metal cavity and the cavity. The right end of the tuning column is movably and fixably disposed in the metal cavity, and the left end of the tuning column extends into the cavity;

[0011] By moving the tuning column left and right, the length of the right end of the tuning column in the metal cavity can be adjusted to control the length of the left end of the tuning column in the cavity. When the tuning column moves from left to right, the distance between the outer wall surface of the tuning column and the wall surface of the cavity gradually increases.

[0012] Further, the left end of the resonant cavity sleeve is closed, and the right end of the resonant cavity sleeve is inserted into the metal cavity through the cavity opening at the left end of the metal cavity and is detachably connected to the metal cavity.

[0013] Further, the cavity gradually expands and thickens from left to right, and the part of the tuning column located in the cavity has a constant thickness.

[0014] Further, the lumen of the resonator sleeve is frustum-shaped or conical, the diameter of the cross-section of the lumen gradually increases from left to right, and the part of the tuning post located in the lumen is cylindrical.

[0015] Alternatively, the lumen has a uniform thickness from left to right, and the part of the tuning post located in the lumen gradually becomes thicker from left to right.

[0016] Further, the lumen is cylindrical, the part of the tuning post located in the lumen is frustum-shaped or conical, and the diameter of the cross-section of the tuning post gradually increases from left to right.

[0017] Further, a support member for supporting the tuning post is provided at the rightmost end of the resonator sleeve in the lumen.

[0018] Further, a resonator base is fixedly provided in the metal cavity, and an installation long hole extending in the left-right direction is formed in the resonator base;

[0019] A hole opening is provided at the left end of the installation long hole, and after the tuning post is inserted into the installation long hole through the hole opening to reach the target length, it is threadedly connected to the installation long hole.

[0020] Further, a constraint member for restricting the moving direction of the tuning post is provided at the hole opening of the installation long hole.

[0021] Further, the resonator further includes a limit structure for restricting the moving distance of the tuning post, and the limit structure is used to define the maximum length or the minimum length of the tuning post in the lumen.

[0022] Furthermore, the limit structure includes a first limit portion, the first limit portion includes a first contact surface provided on the inner wall of the installation long hole, and a second contact surface provided on the tuning post. When the tuning post is at the maximum length in the lumen, the first contact surface abuts against the second contact surface to restrict the tuning post from moving further to the left;

[0023] The limit structure further includes a second limit portion, the second limit portion includes a third contact surface provided on the tuning post, and a fourth contact surface formed on the constraint member. When the tuning post is at the minimum length in the lumen, the fourth contact surface abuts against the third contact surface to restrict the tuning post from moving further to the right.

[0024] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a filter, including the resonator according to any one of the first aspect.

[0025] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0026] In the resonator described in the embodiments of the present application, a metal cavity, a resonator sleeve, and a tuning post are provided. Among them, the tuning post and the resonator sleeve form a capacitive loading. By moving the tuning post left and right, the length of the tuning post in the lumen of the resonator sleeve can be adjusted. The distance between the tuning post and the wall surface of the lumen determines the power capacity. When the distance between the tuning post and the inner wall surface of the resonator sleeve is fixed, the higher the frequency, the smaller the power capacity. When the tuning post is at the leftmost end of the moving track, it is at the lowest frequency (174 MHz). The length of the tuning post in the resonator sleeve is the longest, obtaining the maximum capacitive loading. At this time, the adaptive capacitive loading is also the largest. Due to being at the lowest frequency, the resonator design can obtain a maximum power value. When the tuning post moves from left to right to the rightmost end of the moving track, it is at the highest frequency (240 MHz), and it is also the state with the least capacitive loading. However, the distance between the left end of the tuning post and the wall surface of the lumen is the largest, which improves the power capacity. It can be seen that through the adaptive capacitive loading design of the resonator in the embodiments of the present application, the power capacity of the filter in different frequency bands can be effectively improved, rather than only reducing the size of the filter as in the traditional capacitive loading resonator, and the power capacity decreases significantly with the increase of frequency. Therefore, the present utility model can not only effectively reduce the size of the filter, but also effectively improve the power capacity of the filter, achieving the unity of power capacity in the entire frequency band.

[0027] In addition, since the capacitive loading of the resonator is on the side, the temperature stability is better compared with the mushroom-shaped capacitive loading.

[0028] In summary, the embodiments of the present application effectively solve the technical problem that the power capacity of the resonator in the prior art decreases with the increase of the tuning frequency and cannot achieve the unity of power capacity in the entire frequency band. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a tunable resonator and a filter containing the same at the lowest frequency in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a tunable resonator and a filter containing the same at the highest frequency in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0032] Figure 3Schematic diagram of a tunable resonator and a filter containing the same at the lowest frequency in another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] By providing a tunable resonator and a filter containing the same in the embodiments of the present application, the technical problem in the prior art that the power capacity of the resonator decreases as the tuning frequency increases and the power capacity cannot be unified throughout the frequency band is solved.

[0034] To better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification and specific implementation manners.

[0035] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, in one or more embodiments of the present application, a tunable resonator is provided. The resonator includes a metal cavity 100 and a resonator cavity sleeve 200 connected to one end of the metal cavity 100, and the cavity of the metal cavity 100 communicates with the cavity of the resonator cavity sleeve 200. Define the end where the resonator cavity sleeve 200 is located as the left end, and the end where the metal cavity 100 is located as the right end;

[0036] The resonator further includes a tuning post 300 movably disposed in the metal cavity 100 and the cavity. Among them, the right end of the tuning post 300 is movably and fixably disposed in the metal cavity 100, and the left end of the tuning post 300 extends into the cavity. By moving the tuning post 300 left and right, the length of the right end of the tuning post 300 in the metal cavity 100 is adjusted, and the length of the left end of the tuning post 300 in the cavity can be controlled. When the tuning post 300 moves from left to right, the distance between the outer wall surface of the tuning post 300 and the wall surface of the cavity gradually increases.

[0037] From the above description, it can be seen that the resonator described in the embodiments of the present application is provided with a metal cavity 100, a resonator cavity sleeve 200, and a tuning post 300. Among them, the tuning post 300 forms a capacitive loading with the resonator cavity sleeve 200. By moving the tuning post 300 left and right, the length of the tuning post 300 in the cavity of the resonator cavity sleeve 200 can be adjusted. The distance between the tuning post 300 and the wall surface of the cavity determines the size of the power capacity. When the distance between the tuning post 300 and the inner wall surface of the resonator cavity sleeve 200 is fixed, the higher the frequency, the smaller the power capacity. Since the distance between the outer wall surface of the tuning post 300 and the wall surface of the cavity gradually increases when the tuning post 300 moves from left to right, when the tuning post 300 is at the leftmost end of the moving track, it is at the lowest frequency (174 MHz), as Figure 1As shown, the tuning post 300 has the longest length within the resonator sleeve 200, resulting in the maximum capacitive loading. At this time, the adaptive capacitive loading is also the largest. Since it is at the lowest frequency, the resonator design can obtain a maximum power value; when the tuning post 300 moves from left to right to the rightmost end of the movement trajectory, it is at the highest frequency (240 MHz), as Figure 2 shown. This is also the state with the least capacitive loading, but the distance between the tuning post 300 and the wall surface of the cavity is the largest, which improves the power capacity. It can be seen that through the adaptive capacitive loading design of the resonator in the embodiments of the present application, the power capacity of the filter can be effectively improved in different frequency bands, rather than only reducing the size of the filter as in the traditional capacitive loading resonator, while the power capacity decreases significantly with the increase in frequency. Therefore, the present utility model can not only effectively reduce the size of the filter, but also effectively improve the power capacity of the filter. And because the capacitive loading of the resonator is on the side, compared with the mushroom-shaped capacitive loading, the temperature stability is better, effectively solving the technical problem in the prior art that the power capacity of the resonator decreases with the increase in the tuning frequency and it is impossible to achieve a unified power capacity throughout the frequency band.

[0038] It can be understood that: Figure 1 、 Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram when the tuning post 300 is at the deepest part of the resonator sleeve 200 (that is, the tuning post 300 has the longest length within the resonator sleeve 200), which is the lowest frequency (174 MHz). Due to the lowest frequency, the power capacity is the largest within the entire VHF band. At this time, the distance between the left end of the tuning post 300 and the wall surface of the cavity is the smallest, and the capacitive loading reaches the maximum value, effectively shortening the length of the resonator;

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram when the tuning post 300 is at the shallowest part of the resonator sleeve 200 (that is, the tuning post 300 has the shortest length within the resonator sleeve 200), which is the highest frequency (240 MHz). Due to the highest frequency, the power capacity is the smallest within the entire VHF band. At this time, the distance between the left end of the tuning post 300 and the wall surface of the cavity is the largest, and the capacitive loading is the least, effectively increasing the power capacity of the filter.

[0040] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, the terms indicating the orientation or position relationship such as "left" and "right" are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present application.

[0041] In an embodiment of the present application, the left end of the resonant cavity sleeve 200 is closed, and the right end of the resonant cavity sleeve 200 is inserted into the metal cavity 100 through the cavity opening at the left end of the metal cavity 100 and is detachably connected to the metal cavity 100.

[0042] It should be understood that the present application does not limit the detachable connection manner between the resonant cavity sleeve 200 and the metal cavity 100. Those skilled in the art can choose threaded connection, snap connection (for example, the right end of the resonant cavity sleeve 200 is pressed into the metal cavity 100 for elastic connection), etc. Those skilled in the art can selectively set according to actual needs, and the embodiments of the present application do not impose too many restrictions on this. In addition, the resonant cavity sleeve 200 is detachably connected to the metal cavity 100, so as to facilitate removing the resonant cavity sleeve 200 to move the tuning post 300.

[0043] Specifically, since the resonant cavity sleeve 200 is inserted into the metal cavity 100 for connection, the overall length of the resonator can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the size.

[0044] Exemplarily, a press-in section 210 is connected to the second end of the resonant cavity sleeve 200, and the press-in section 210 is pressed into the metal cavity 100 to be detachably connected to the metal cavity 100.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present application, as Figures 1 to 2 shown, the lumen gradually expands and thickens from left to right, and the thickness of the part of the tuning post 300 located in the lumen remains unchanged. In this way, when the tuning post 300 moves from left to right, the distance between the outer wall surface of the tuning post 300 and the wall surface of the lumen gradually increases.

[0046] Exemplarily, the lumen of the resonant cavity sleeve 200 can be frustum-shaped or conical, and the diameter of the cross-section of the lumen gradually increases from left to right. The part of the tuning post 300 located in the resonant cavity sleeve 200 is cylindrical.

[0047] Or, in another embodiment of the present application, as Figure 3 shown, the thickness of the lumen remains unchanged, and the part of the tuning post 300 located in the lumen gradually thickens from left to right. In this way, when the tuning post 300 moves from left to right, the distance between the outer wall surface of the tuning post 300 and the wall surface of the lumen gradually increases.

[0048] Exemplarily, the lumen of the resonant cavity sleeve 200 is cylindrical, and the part of the tuning post 300 located in the resonant cavity sleeve 200 can be frustum-shaped or conical, and the diameter of the cross-section of the tuning post 300 gradually increases from left to right.

[0049] In an embodiment of the present application, a support member for supporting the tuning post 300 is provided at the rightmost end of the lumen.

[0050] Exemplarily, the support member is fixed within the lumen, and the tuning post 300 passes through the support member and extends into the lumen.

[0051] It can be understood that the distance between the tuning post 300 and the inner wall surface at the rightmost end of the lumen is the largest, that is, the power capacity is the largest. Therefore, setting the support member here can effectively improve the power stability of the tuning post 300 and prevent the tuning post 300 from being damaged due to breakdown caused by excessive power here.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present application, a resonance post base 110 is fixedly provided within the metal cavity 100, and an installation long hole extending in the left - right direction is formed within the resonance post base 110;

[0053] A hole opening is provided at the left end of the installation long hole, and after the tuning post 300 is inserted into the installation long hole through the hole opening and reaches the target length, it is fixedly connected to the installation long hole.

[0054] Exemplarily, an external thread is provided on the right end of the tuning post 300, and an internal thread is provided on the inner wall of the installation long hole. After the right end of the tuning post 300 is inserted into the installation long hole and reaches the target length, it is fixed to each other through the cooperation of the external thread and the internal thread.

[0055] It can be understood that by rotating the tuning post 300 and adjusting the insertion depth of the right end of the tuning post 300 within the installation long hole, the length of the left end of the tuning post 300 within the lumen can be controlled, thereby adjusting the capacitance loading to achieve tuning.

[0056] For example, the metal cavity 100 is a hollow cylinder, and the resonance post base 110 is coaxially arranged within the metal cavity 100.

[0057] In an embodiment of the present application, the tuning post 300 is coaxially arranged with the installation long hole, and a constraint member 112 for restricting the movement direction of the tuning post 300 is provided at the hole opening of the installation long hole.

[0058] Exemplarily, the constraint member 112 includes a plurality of elastic flaps arranged at intervals around the opening of the installation long hole. The right end of the elastic flap is fixed to the opening of the installation long hole, and the left end of the elastic flap converges towards the center of the installation long hole. When the tuning post 300 passes through the constraint member 112 and is inserted into the installation long hole, each elastic flap acts on the tuning post 300 to make the tuning post 300 coaxially arranged with the installation long hole.

[0059] In an embodiment of the present application, the resonator further includes a limiting structure for restricting the moving distance of the tuning post 300. The limiting structure is used to define the maximum length or the minimum length of the tuning post 300 in the lumen, so as to prompt the user that the rotation is in place when tuning the tuning post 300.

[0060] Exemplarily, the limiting structure includes a first limiting portion. A swelling head 310 is provided at the right end of the tuning post 300. The first limiting portion includes a first abutting surface 113 provided on the inner wall of the mounting long hole, and a second abutting surface 320 provided on the swelling head 310. When the tuning post 300 is at the maximum length in the lumen, the first abutting surface 113 abuts against the second abutting surface 320 to restrict the tuning post 300 from continuing to move leftward;

[0061] The limiting structure further includes a second limiting portion. The second limiting portion includes a third abutting surface 330 provided on the tuning post 300, and a fourth abutting surface 114 formed on the restraint member 112. When the tuning post 300 is at the minimum length in the lumen, the fourth abutting surface 114 abuts against the third abutting surface 330 to restrict the tuning post 300 from continuing to move rightward.

[0062] Using the resonator described in the examples of the present application to form a filter, generally speaking, the filter includes at least two such resonators. Since the resonator can not only effectively reduce the size of the filter, but also effectively improve the power capacity of the filter, the filter also has this advantage, effectively solving the technical problem that the power capacity of the filter in the prior art decreases as the tuning frequency increases and the power capacity cannot be unified throughout the frequency band.

[0063] It should be understood that although terms such as "first" and "second" may be used herein to describe various units, these units should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one unit from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, the first unit may be referred to as the second unit, and similarly the second unit may be referred to as the first unit.

[0064] The outer, middle, inner and other orientation terms mentioned or possibly mentioned in this specification are defined relative to the structures shown in the respective drawings. They are relative concepts and may therefore change accordingly depending on their different positions and different usage states. Therefore, these or other orientation terms should not be construed as restrictive terms.

[0065] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not impose any formal or substantial restrictions on the present application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the method of the present application, several improvements and supplements can still be made, and these improvements and supplements should also be regarded as within the protection scope of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, when making some equivalent changes such as minor modifications, decorations and evolutions by using the technical content disclosed above, are all equivalent embodiments of the present application; at the same time, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made to the above embodiments based on the substantial technology of the present application still fall within the scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A tunable resonator, characterized in that: The resonator comprises a metal cavity and a resonant cavity sleeve connected to one end of the metal cavity, and the metal cavity is in communication with the cavity of the resonant cavity sleeve, and the end where the resonant cavity sleeve is located is defined as the left end, and the end where the metal cavity is located is defined as the right end; The resonator further comprises a tuning column disposed in the metal cavity and the tube cavity and movable leftward and rightward, wherein the right end of the tuning column is movably and fixedly disposed in the metal cavity, and the left end of the tuning column extends into the tube cavity; By moving the tuning column left and right, the length of the right end of the tuning column in the metal cavity can be adjusted to control the length of the left end of the tuning column in the tube cavity, and when the tuning column moves from left to right, the distance between the outer wall of the tuning column and the wall of the tube cavity gradually increases.

2. A tunable resonator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The left end of the resonant cavity sleeve is closed, and the right end of the resonant cavity sleeve is inserted into the metal cavity through the cavity opening at the left end of the metal cavity and is detachably connected to the metal cavity.

3. A tunable resonator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The lumen gradually expands and thickens from left to right, and the thickness of the portion of the tuning column located in the lumen remains unchanged.

4. A tunable resonator as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The cavity of the resonant cavity sleeve is in a truncated cone or conical shape, the diameter of the cross section of the cavity gradually increases from left to right, and the portion of the tuning column located in the cavity is in a cylindrical shape.

5. A tunable resonator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The lumen has a constant thickness from left to right, and the portion of the tuning column located in the lumen gradually becomes thicker from left to right.

6. A tunable resonator as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The tube cavity is cylindrical, the portion of the tuning column located in the tube cavity is truncated cone or conical, and the diameter of the cross section of the tuning column gradually increases from left to right.

7. A tunable resonator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The tube cavity is provided with a support member for supporting the tuning column at the rightmost end of the tube cavity.

8. A tunable resonator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A resonant column base is fixedly arranged in the metal cavity, and a long installation hole extending in the left-right direction is opened in the resonant column base; The left end of the long installation hole is provided with an orifice, and the tuning column is inserted into the long installation hole through the orifice to reach the target length and then is threadedly connected with the long installation hole.

9. A tunable resonator as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: A restraining member for restraining the moving direction of the tuning column is provided at the opening of the mounting long hole; The resonator further comprises a limiting structure for constraining the moving distance of the tuning column, wherein the limiting structure is used to limit the maximum length or the minimum length of the tuning column in the tube cavity; The limiting structure includes a first limiting portion, the first limiting portion includes a first contact surface arranged on the inner wall of the mounting long hole, and a second contact surface arranged on the tuning column, when the tuning column is at a maximum length in the tube cavity, the first contact surface conflicts with the second contact surface to limit the tuning column from continuing to move leftward; The limiting structure also includes a second limiting portion, which includes a third contact surface arranged on the tuning column and a fourth contact surface formed on the restraining member. When the tuning column is at a minimum length in the lumen, the fourth contact surface contacts the third contact surface to limit the tuning column from continuing to move to the right.

10. A filter, characterized in that: Comprising the resonator according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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