Jet type hydraulic impactor

Abstract

The utility model discloses a jet type hydraulic impactor, which relates to the field of rotary percussion drilling and particularly comprises an outer pipe, an inner pipe, a jacking mechanism and an adjusting mechanism. The jacking mechanism is mounted between the upper joint and the adjusting mechanism, and is used for ensuring jacking among internal parts and preventing excessive deformation of the cylinder body; the adjusting mechanism is installed on one side of the jet flow element and adjusts the flowing-in drilling fluid by controlling the flow. The inner pipe is installed in the outer pipe, the jet flow element is installed in the inner pipe, a main flow channel is formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, and when drilling fluid passes through the adjusting mechanism, one part of the drilling fluid enters the main flow channel, and the other part of the drilling fluid enters the jet flow element. The drilling fluid can generate a strong erosion effect on the valve plate, and the drilling fluid in the outer pipe can erode internal parts once part of the drilling fluid leaks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of rotary percussion drilling, and particularly relates to a jet-type hydraulic impactor. Background Art

[0002] As the core equipment of rotary percussion drilling, the working performance of the hydraulic impactor plays a very important role in drilling efficiency. The jet-type hydraulic impactor has the advantages of high back pressure resistance, simple structure, and good deep well working stability. The hydraulic rotary percussion drilling technology continuously provides impact force to the drill string on the basis of the traditional rotary drilling technology, and has significantly improved the rock breaking effect compared with the traditional drilling method. The hydraulic rotary percussion technology has a relatively high mechanical drilling speed, especially in hard formations, it can greatly improve the mechanical drilling speed, and has become an effective method to solve the problem of slow drilling speed in hard formations. In some hard formations, such as granite, sandstone, limestone, and dolomite formations, etc., the mechanical drilling speed of the hydraulic rotary percussion drilling technology is significantly higher than that of the traditional drilling technology.

[0003] The traditional jet impactor uses a flow distribution plate located below the upper sub to split the drilling fluid. Most of the drilling fluid enters the gap flow channel between the outer tube and the internal components and flows out, and is discharged through the anvil to reach the bottom of the well for well flushing. This structure has the following problems: First, the flow rate of the drilling fluid passing through the upper sub is large and the pressure is high, which has a strong erosion effect on the flow distribution plate. And due to the relatively fixed structure shape and flow channel of the flow distribution plate, it is difficult to improve itself. Generally, technical means such as increasing the hardness of the flow channel surface are used, but the effect is limited. Second, the flow distribution channel of the flow distribution plate adopts the gap flow channel between the outer tube. Once part of the drilling fluid inside the outer tube leaks, it will erode the internal parts, affect the fit between the parts, and further affect the performance and service life of the impactor. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a jet-type hydraulic impactor to solve the problems that when the flow rate and pressure of the drilling fluid are large, the drilling fluid will have a strong erosion effect on the flow distribution plate, and once part of the drilling fluid inside the outer tube leaks, it will erode the internal parts.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the utility model is: a jet-type hydraulic impactor, including an upper sub, a lower sub, a jet element, a cylinder body, and a piston mechanism. The upper sub is used to connect the drill pipe, and the lower sub is used to connect the drill bit. The drilling fluid enters the impactor from the upper sub, enters the cylinder body through the jet element, drives the piston mechanism in the cylinder body to reciprocate, and thus drives the drill bit to move up and down. It also includes an outer tube, an inner tube, a tightening mechanism, and an adjusting mechanism;

[0006] The tightening mechanism is installed between the upper sub and the adjusting mechanism, and the tightening mechanism is used to ensure the tightening between internal parts and prevent excessive deformation of the cylinder body;

[0007] The regulating mechanism is installed on one side of the jet element, and the regulating mechanism adjusts the inflowing drilling fluid by controlling the flow rate.

[0008] The inner pipe is installed inside the outer pipe, the jet element is installed inside the inner pipe, and a main flow channel is formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe. When the drilling fluid passes through the regulating mechanism, a part of the drilling fluid enters the main flow channel, and the other part of the drilling fluid enters the jet element.

[0009] Further, the regulating mechanism includes an upper valve seat, a lower valve seat and a valve core. The upper valve seat is connected to the lower valve seat. An over-flow channel is provided on the side of the upper valve seat. The valve core is installed between the upper valve seat and the lower valve seat. One side of the valve core is provided with a regulating spring. The inflowing drilling fluid exerts a force on the valve core to make the valve core move in the first direction. The regulating spring exerts a reverse force on the valve core to make the valve core move in the reverse direction. The valve core adjusts the size of the over-flow channel under the action of the regulating spring. When the inflowing drilling fluid passes through the regulating mechanism, a part of the drilling fluid enters the main flow channel through the over-flow channel, and the other part of the drilling fluid enters the jet element.

[0010] Further, it further includes a flow distribution plate. The jet element includes two drain holes. The flow distribution plate is installed on the side of the jet element away from the regulating mechanism, and drain channels corresponding to the drain holes are provided on the flow distribution plate.

[0011] Further, the piston mechanism includes a piston, a piston rod and a cylinder block. The piston is connected to the piston rod. The piston and the piston rod are installed inside the cylinder block. An adjusting column is provided at the top of the piston, and the adjusting column is used to adjust the movement process of the piston.

[0012] Further, a groove is provided on the side of the piston, and a sealing ring is provided in the groove.

[0013] Further, it further includes a buffer mechanism. The buffer mechanism is installed on the top of the piston, and the buffer mechanism buffers the return movement of the piston.

[0014] Further, it further includes a bottom cover. The bottom cover is installed at the bottom of the cylinder block. The bottom cover is provided with a central hole. The piston rod passes through the central hole, and the central hole is a spiral groove.

[0015] Further, a snap ring is provided at the upper end of the lower joint. The snap ring is composed of two semi-circular rings, and the two semi-circular rings are fastened by a snap spring.

[0016] Further, it further includes a lower body, a bushing is provided between the lower body and the lower joint, the lower joint is connected to the lower body through the bushing, and a water receiving groove is provided between the lower body and the bushing.

[0017] Further, the tightening mechanism is a disc spring group.

[0018] The beneficial effects achieved by the present utility model are mainly as follows: The present utility model changes the flow distribution plate into an adjustment mechanism, which can control the flow rate of important components such as the jet element while distributing the fluid, reduce the jet velocity of the element, reduce the erosion degree, and protect important components; at the same time, the main flow channel of the drilling fluid is specially designed. By designing an inner tube inside the outer tube and forming a certain gap between the outer tube and the inner tube as the main flow channel, the influence of a large amount of drilling fluid on the internal parts is reduced, and it is also convenient for processing; in addition, when the impactor tool works at the bottom of the well thousands of meters away from the ground, the drill string is under the action of alternating torque, bending moment and axial force, resulting in changes in the tightening force of the components assembled in the outer cylinder, and the original assembly relationship changes. If the assembly is too tight, deformation occurs between the components; if the assembly is too loose, an axial assembly gap is generated, and the drilling fluid leaks, causing erosion to the end faces of the components, resulting in a short working life and working failure. By setting the tightening mechanism, the tightening mechanism can deform according to the magnitude of the load and generate different axial distance changes to ensure the tightening between the internal components and prevent excessive deformation of the cylinder block. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the jet-type hydraulic impactor in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the jet-type hydraulic impactor in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cylinder block structure of the jet-type hydraulic impactor in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the jet-type hydraulic impactor in the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0023] Wherein: 1 - upper joint; 2 - lower joint; 3 - jet element; 4 - cylinder block; 5 - piston mechanism; 501 - piston; 502 - piston rod; 503 - adjusting column; 6 - outer tube; 7 - inner tube; 8 - tightening mechanism; 9 - adjusting mechanism; 901 - upper valve seat; 902 - lower valve seat; 903 - valve core; 904 - adjusting spring; 10 - main flow channel; 11 - flow distribution plate; 12 - drain hole; 13 - groove; 14 - buffer mechanism; 15 - bottom cover; 16 - snap ring; 17 - bushing; 18 - lower body.

[0024] The accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present patent. To better illustrate the embodiments, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, which do not represent the dimensions of the actual product. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted. Identical or similar reference numerals correspond to identical or similar components. The terms describing the positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present patent. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] For the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand, the present utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] The overall structure diagram of the jet - type hydraulic impactor of the present utility model is as Figure 1 shown. The jet - type hydraulic impactor includes an upper sub 1, a lower sub 2, a jet element 3, a cylinder body 4, and a piston mechanism 5. The upper sub 1 is used to connect the drill pipe, and the lower sub 2 is used to connect the drill bit. The drilling fluid enters the impactor from the upper sub 1, passes through the jet element 3 and enters the cylinder body 4, driving the piston mechanism 5 in the cylinder body 4 to reciprocate, thereby driving the drill bit to move up and down. Among them, the nozzle flow passage at the upper end of the jet element 3 becomes extremely small. After the drilling fluid passes through the nozzle of the jet element 3, a high - speed jet is formed. The high - speed and high - pressure fluid is controlled by an internal feedback signal inside the jet element 3 to perform periodic wall - attachment switching, driving the piston mechanism 5 to reciprocate in the cylinder body.

[0027] Since the impactor tool works at the bottom of the well several kilometers away from the ground, during the working process, the drill string is under the action of alternating torque, bending moment, and axial force. By setting, the tightening force of each component assembled in the outer cylinder changes, and the original assembly relationship changes. If the assembly is too tight, deformation occurs between the components; if the assembly is too loose, an axial assembly gap is generated, and the drilling fluid leaks, causing erosion to the end faces of each component, resulting in a short working life and working failure. In this embodiment, by setting a tightening mechanism 8, the tightening mechanism 8 can deform according to the magnitude of the load, generating different axial distance changes, ensuring the tightening between internal parts and preventing excessive deformation of the cylinder body. Specifically, the tightening mechanism 8 is a disc spring group.

[0028] During the drilling process, in addition to considering the work of the impactor, the slag discharge problem of the impactor must also be considered. In actual use, the pump volume may be more than 1 times the flow rate of the impactor. The fluid medium with a flow rate higher than the normal flow rate enters the impactor, and the water pump will be subjected to a large pressure fluctuation. In addition, what is more serious for the impactor is that it will cause strong erosion to the components in the impactor, especially the jet element and the cylinder body, which seriously affects the life of the impactor. In view of the sudden change in pump volume and unstable drilling pressure that may occur during the drilling process, based on the protection of the components, the utility model is provided with an adjustment mechanism 9 to adjust the flow input and reduce the erosion of the components due to the sudden change in pump volume.

[0029] Specifically, the regulating mechanism 9 includes an upper valve seat 901, a lower valve seat 902 and a valve core 903. The upper valve seat 901 is connected to the lower valve seat 902. A flow channel is provided on the side of the upper valve seat 901. The valve core 903 is installed between the upper valve seat 901 and the lower valve seat 902. An adjusting spring 904 is provided on one side of the valve core 903. The inflowing drilling fluid exerts a force on the valve core 903 to move the valve core 903 along a first direction. The adjusting spring 904 exerts a reverse force on the valve core 903 to move the valve core 903 in the reverse direction. The valve core 903 adjusts the size of the flow channel under the action of the adjusting spring 904. When the inflowing drilling fluid passes through the regulating mechanism 9, a part of the drilling fluid enters the main channel 10 through the flow channel, and the other part of the drilling fluid enters the jet element 3.

[0030] During operation, when the pump volume increases, the flow rate at the top of the regulating mechanism 9 increases, and the pressure rises accordingly. The opening degree of the regulating mechanism 9 also increases accordingly, and the area of ​​the flow passage on the side of the upper valve seat 901 increases. The excess fluid flows out of the flow passage and is discharged through the anvil, achieving the purpose of protecting important parts such as the jet element 3 by controlling the excess fluid flow. When the flow rate is large, the valve core 903 moves to the bottom dead center, the flow area of ​​the valve core 903 flow channel is constant, and the area of ​​the flow passage on the side of the upper valve seat 901 reaches the maximum. This flow cross section has reached the flow cross section area of ​​the upper joint, so the flow rate is controlled. Through the improved regulating mechanism, the adverse effects of large pump volume on components in drilling engineering are solved, and the life of the components is greatly extended.

[0031] Among them, the jet element 3 is an assembly composed of three parts, two cover plates and two base plates. The base plate includes structures such as the flow channel of the main jet, control holes, drain holes 12, and drain hole flow channels. The cover plate includes structures such as control flow channels and wedges. When assembling, four socket head cap screws are required to connect the two cover plates and the base plate together. In this embodiment, a distribution plate 11 is provided. The distribution plate 11 is installed on the side of the jet element 3 away from the adjustment mechanism 9. The distribution plate 11 is provided with drain channels corresponding to the drain holes 12. The drilling fluid flows into the distribution plate 11 from the drain holes 12 of the jet element 3 and is discharged through the drain channels on the distribution plate 11.

[0032] Further, the piston mechanism 5 includes a piston 501 and a piston rod 502. The piston 501 is connected to the piston rod 502. The piston 501 makes a reciprocating motion driven by the cyclic pulse pressure in the cylinder. An adjustment column 503 is provided at the top of the piston 501. The adjustment column 503 is used to adjust the movement process of the piston 501. In this embodiment, the piston 501 serves to isolate the cylinder block 4 into two sealed chambers. When the pressure in the lower chamber of the cylinder increases, the fluid pressure acts on the lower surface of the piston 501, pushing the piston 501 upward and compressing the spring on the stroke adjustment column 503 to absorb part of the energy during the upward movement of the piston. When the pressure in the lower chamber of the piston decreases, the high-pressure drilling fluid enters the upper chamber, and the fluid pressure acts on the upper surface of the piston 501. At the same time, the compressed spring releases energy, pushing the piston 501 downward. In this way, under the mechanism of the jet element 3 periodically changing the wall attachment position, the drill bit is driven to move up and down, providing active impact energy during the drilling process and improving the drilling mechanical efficiency.

[0033] Among them, for the design of the cylinder block, the cylinder block has two liquid inlet flow channels. One liquid inlet flow channel is provided at the top of the cylinder block, and the other liquid inlet flow channel is provided on the side wall of the cylinder block. To prevent leakage at the side wall liquid inlet, a sealing structure is provided at the side wall liquid inlet.

[0034] Further, in this embodiment, the piston 501 and the piston rod 502 are integrally designed. For the high-pressure, high-load, high-frequency, and high-impact environment in the impactor, designing the piston 501 and the piston rod 502 as one body can reduce failures during the working process and has good working performance.

[0035] Further, the side surface of the piston 501 is provided with a groove 13, and a sealing ring is provided in the groove 13 for the sealing structure.

[0036] Further, it further includes a buffer mechanism 14. The buffer mechanism 14 is installed on the top of the piston 501, and the buffer mechanism 14 buffers the return movement of the piston 501. For the conventional jet impactor, during the reciprocating movement of the piston 501 up and down, the energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the impactor during the downstroke. After a part of the energy during the upstroke is carried away by the fluid, the rest is borne by the upper end of the piston cylinder. Such high-frequency impacts are detrimental to the normal operation of the piston cylinder. By providing the buffer mechanism 14 on the top of the piston 501, the energy during the upstroke is stored. When the downstroke starts, the energy is released to increase the impact kinetic energy on the anvil, achieving the effect of increasing the impact work. Specifically, in this embodiment, the buffer mechanism 14 is a spring.

[0037] Further, it further includes a bottom cover 15. The bottom cover 15 is installed at the bottom of the cylinder block 4. The bottom cover 15 is provided with a central hole, and the piston rod 502 passes through the central hole. The central hole is a spiral groove. The bottom cover 15 is used to close the inner hole of the cylinder body and cooperate with the cylinder block 4 to form a complete closed chamber. The central hole of the bottom cover 15 and the piston rod 502 form a kinematic pair. It is required that the inner hole of the bottom cover 15 has good sealing performance and wear resistance. The previous sealing form using a sealing ring will wear out and fail, while the spiral groove sealing can reduce the friction between the piston rod 502 and the bottom cover 15, and simplifies the sealing structure.

[0038] Further, it further includes a lower body 18. There is a bushing 17 between the lower body 18 and the lower sub 2. The lower sub 2 is connected to the lower body 18 through the bushing 17. There is a water storage groove between the lower body 18 and the bushing 17. A snap ring is provided at the upper end of the lower sub 2. To cooperate with the axial movement and axial rotation of the lower sub 2, in this embodiment, the bushing 17 is provided to connect with the lower body 18 to transmit the torque to the lower sub 2. Since there is an axially displaceable mating part between the lower body 18 and the bushing 17, a water storage groove is opened between the two structures to prevent high-pressure drilling fluid carrying sediment from entering and accumulating to wear the mating surface and change the movement direction. At the same time, a sealing structure is designed between the lower body 18 and the bushing 17.

[0039] Further, a radially positioned snap ring 16 is installed at the upper end of the lower sub 2 to enhance the overall structural strength. The snap ring 16 is composed of two semi-circular rings, and the semi-circular snap ring is fastened with a circlip. To prevent the drilling fluid from leaking and eroding the threads to damage the thread fit, an O-ring is used for sealing here.

[0040] During assembly, first install the adjusting column 503 and the buffer mechanism 14 on the piston 501. Then, insert the piston 501 into the cylinder block 4, and use countersunk screws to firmly connect the bottom cover 15 and the cylinder block 4. Install the sealing ring on the cylinder side wall and insert it into the inner tube 7. According to the mating relationships on each component, install the flow distribution disk 11, the jet element 3, and the adjusting mechanism 9 into the inner tube 7. Place the whole assembly into the outer tube 6, install the tightening mechanism 8 into the outer tube 6, and install the upper joint 1. Install the lower joint 2, the snap ring 16, the bushing 17, and the sealing structure at the lower end, and connect the lower main body 18 and the bushing 17.

[0041] Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, rather than limitations on the implementation manners of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A jet hydraulic impactor, characterized in that: The device comprises an upper joint (1), a lower joint (2), a fluidic element (3), a cylinder (4) and a piston mechanism (5); the upper joint (1) is used to connect a drill pipe, the lower joint (2) is used to connect a drill bit, the drilling fluid enters the impactor through the upper joint (1), enters the cylinder (4) through the fluidic element (3), drives the piston mechanism (5) in the cylinder (4) to perform reciprocating motion, thereby driving the drill bit to perform up and down motion; the device also comprises an outer tube (6), an inner tube (7), a tightening mechanism (8) and an adjusting mechanism (9); The tightening mechanism (8) is installed between the upper joint (1) and the adjusting mechanism (9), and the tightening mechanism (8) is used to ensure the tightening between the internal parts and prevent the cylinder body (4) from excessive deformation; The regulating mechanism (9) is installed on one side of the jet element (3), and the regulating mechanism (9) regulates the inflowing drilling fluid by controlling the flow rate; The inner tube (7) is installed in the outer tube (6), and the jet element (3) is installed in the inner tube (7). A main flow channel (10) is formed between the inner tube (7) and the outer tube (6). When the drilling fluid passes through the regulating mechanism (9), a portion of the drilling fluid enters the main flow channel (10) and another portion of the drilling fluid enters the jet element (3).

2. A jet hydraulic impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regulating mechanism (9) comprises an upper valve seat (901), a lower valve seat (902) and a valve core (903); the upper valve seat (901) is connected to the lower valve seat (902); a flow passage is provided on the side of the upper valve seat (901); the valve core (903) is installed between the upper valve seat (901) and the lower valve seat (902); an regulating spring (904) is provided on one side of the valve core (903); the inflowing drilling fluid exerts a force on the valve core (903) so that The valve core (903) moves in a first direction, and the regulating spring (904) applies a reverse force to the valve core (903), causing the valve core (903) to move in the reverse direction. The valve core (903) adjusts the size of the flow passage under the action of the regulating spring (904). When the inflowing drilling fluid passes through the regulating mechanism (9), a portion of the drilling fluid enters the main flow passage (10) through the flow passage, and another portion of the drilling fluid enters the jet element (3).

3. A jet hydraulic impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a distribution plate (11), the jet element (3) comprises two drain holes (12), the distribution plate (11) is mounted on a side of the jet element (3) away from the regulating mechanism (9), and the distribution plate (11) is provided with drain channels corresponding to the drain holes (12).

4. A jet hydraulic impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston mechanism (5) comprises a piston (501) and a piston rod (502), wherein the piston (501) is connected to the piston rod (502), and the piston (501) and the piston rod (502) are installed in the cylinder body (4). An adjusting column (503) is provided on the top of the piston (501), so that the adjusting column (503) is used to adjust the movement process of the piston (501).

5. A jet hydraulic impactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: A groove (13) is provided on the side surface of the piston (501), and a sealing ring is provided in the groove (13).

6. A jet hydraulic impactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also comprises a buffer mechanism (14), wherein the buffer mechanism (14) is mounted on the top of the piston (501), and the buffer mechanism (14) buffers the return movement of the piston (501).

7. A jet hydraulic impactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also comprises a bottom cover (15), the bottom cover (15) being mounted on the bottom of the cylinder body (4), the bottom cover (15) being provided with a center hole, the piston rod (502) passing through the center hole, and the center hole being a spiral groove.

8. A jet hydraulic impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A clamping ring (16) is provided at the upper end of the lower joint (2), and the clamping ring (16) is two semicircular rings, and the two semicircular rings are fastened by a clamping spring.

9. A jet hydraulic impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a lower body (18), a shaft sleeve (17) being provided between the lower body (18) and the lower joint (2), the lower joint (2) being connected to the lower body (18) via the shaft sleeve (17), and a water tank being provided between the lower body (18) and the shaft sleeve (17).

10. A jet hydraulic impactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tightening mechanism (8) is a disc spring group.

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