Thermal runaway protection structure and power supply device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a thermal runaway protection structure and a power supply device, belongs to the technical field of unmanned aircrafts, and is suitable for thermal runaway protection of a battery cell, the thermal runaway protection structure comprises a shell and a separation membrane, the shell is provided with an accommodating cavity for accommodating the battery cell, a gap is arranged between the battery cell and the inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity, and the separation membrane is arranged in the accommodating cavity. High-temperature flue gas generated during thermal runaway of the battery cell can be gathered in the gap, the pressure relief opening in the shell is communicated with the outside, the two ends of the flue are communicated with the gap and the pressure relief opening respectively, so that the high-temperature flue gas is guided to the pressure relief opening from the gap through the flue, and the separation membrane covering the pressure relief opening can be heated and melted during thermal runaway of the battery cell. Therefore, the pressure relief opening is communicated with the outside, high-temperature smoke can be discharged to the outside from the pressure relief opening, and the situation that the high-temperature smoke is excessively gathered in the shell is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, and in particular to a thermal runaway protection structure and a power supply device. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread use of low-altitude manned aircraft, the safety of its battery packs has become a focus of great concern within and outside the industry. Especially in terms of thermal runaway protection, traditional designs usually rely on pressure relief valves as the main safety release mechanism.

[0003] Inside the battery pack, a thermal runaway event of a single cell will generate a large amount of heat and gas, causing the pressure inside the battery pack to rise sharply. Although the pressure relief valve is designed to automatically open when the pressure exceeds the safety threshold to release the pressure inside the battery pack, the high-temperature smoke generated by the thermal runaway cell may quickly spread to the adjacent normal cells before the high pressure actually triggers the pressure relief valve to open. The invasion of this high-temperature smoke is enough to induce thermal runaway of normal cells, thus forming a chain reaction, leading to the failure of the entire battery pack, seriously threatening the flight safety of the aircraft and the lives of the occupants. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present utility model is to provide a thermal runaway protection structure and a power supply device to solve the problem that the high-temperature smoke of the current battery pack cannot be discharged in time.

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A thermal runaway protection structure, suitable for thermal runaway protection of a battery cell, comprising a shell and a separator;

[0007] The shell is provided with a containing cavity, a flue and a pressure relief port;

[0008] The accommodating cavity is used to accommodate the battery core, and a gap is provided between the battery core and the inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity;

[0009] The pressure relief port is connected to the outside, and the two ends of the flue are respectively connected to the gap and the pressure relief port;

[0010] The separation membrane cover is arranged on the pressure relief port, and the separation membrane is melted by heat when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell.

[0011] Preferably, an aerogel layer is provided on the inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity.

[0012] Preferably, the inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity is provided with a concave cavity arranged adjacent to the pressure relief port, and the flue is formed between the concave cavity and the battery core.

[0013] Preferably, a projection of the gap on the inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity provided with the concave cavity partially overlaps or completely overlaps with the concave cavity.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of brackets are provided on the inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity, and the brackets are detachably connected to the battery core.

[0015] Preferably, the shell includes a plurality of side panels and a top panel and a bottom panel parallel to each other, the top panel is connected to the top of the side panels, the bottom panel is connected to the bottom of the side panels, and the plurality of side panels are respectively arranged at the edges of the bottom panel;

[0016] The top plate, the bottom plate and a plurality of side plates enclose the accommodating cavity, and the pressure relief port is opened on the bottom plate.

[0017] Preferably, the shell is made of carbon fiber material.

[0018] Preferably, a protection net covering the pressure relief port is provided on the shell, and the separation membrane is located between the protection net and the battery cell.

[0019] Preferably, the pressure relief port is arranged toward the direction of gravity.

[0020] In order to achieve the same technical effect, the utility model also provides a power supply device, including the thermal runaway protection structure as described above.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] The shell is provided with a accommodating cavity for accommodating the battery cell, and a gap is provided between the battery cell and the inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity. High-temperature flue gas generated by the battery cell during thermal runaway will gather in the gap. The pressure relief port on the shell is connected to the outside world, and the two ends of the flue are respectively connected to the gap and the pressure relief port to guide the high-temperature flue gas from the gap through the flue to the pressure relief port. The separation membrane covering the pressure relief port will melt due to heat when the battery cell is thermally runaway, thereby connecting the pressure relief port with the outside world, and the high-temperature flue gas can be discharged from the pressure relief port to the outside world to prevent excessive accumulation of high-temperature flue gas in the shell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the thermal runaway protection structure of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the thermal runaway protection structure of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the thermal runaway protection structure of the utility model;

[0026] In the figure: 10, shell; 11, accommodating cavity; 111, aerogel layer; 112, concave cavity; 113, bracket; 12, flue; 13, pressure relief port; 14, top plate; 15, bottom plate; 16, side plate; 17, protective net; 20, separator; 30, battery cell; 40, gap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. The drawings provide preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0028] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art in the technical field of the present invention. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] Combination Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the thermal runaway protection structure of the present invention is schematically shown, which is suitable for thermal runaway protection of a battery cell 30, and includes a housing 10 and a separator 20, wherein the separator 20 is preferably an ePTFE waterproof and breathable membrane.

[0032] like Figure 2 The housing 10 is provided with a receiving chamber 11, a flue 12 and a pressure relief port 13. The receiving chamber 11 is located inside the housing 10, and is used to receive the battery cell 30. The battery cell 30 and the receiving chamber 11 may be detachably connected. A gap 40 is provided between the battery cell 30 and the inner wall surface of the receiving chamber 11, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the battery cell 30 during thermal runaway may be discharged into the gap 40.

[0033] The pressure relief port 13 is provided on the housing 10 and is connected to the accommodating chamber 11. The pressure relief port 13 is also connected to the outside. The two ends of the flue 12 are respectively connected to the gap 40 and the pressure relief port 13, and the high-temperature flue gas can flow from the gap 40 through the flue 12 to the pressure relief port 13. The separation membrane 20 is covered on the pressure relief port 13 to cover the pressure relief port 13. The separation membrane 20 and the edge of the pressure relief port 13 can be connected by adhesive.

[0034] When thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 30, the high-temperature flue gas can flow from the gap 40 through the flue 12 to the pressure relief port 13, and the separator 20 is baked and melted by the high-temperature flue gas, so that the pressure relief port 13 is connected to the outside world, thereby allowing the high-temperature flue gas to be discharged to the outside world in time through the pressure relief port 13 to prevent the high-temperature flue gas from affecting other normally operating battery cells 30.

[0035] Specifically, combined Figure 2 and Figure 3 The inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity 11 is provided with an aerogel layer 111, which plays a role of thermal insulation and can isolate the high temperature of the high-temperature flue gas in a short time to avoid affecting other electronic components around the shell 10, thereby buying more time for the emergency and safe landing of the aircraft.

[0036] Furthermore, the inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity 11 is provided with a concave cavity 112 adjacent to the pressure relief port 13, the opening of the concave cavity 112 is arranged opposite to the outer wall surface of the battery cell 30, specifically, the opening of the concave cavity 112 is arranged opposite to the bottom surface of the battery cell 30, the flue 12 is formed between the concave cavity 112 and the battery cell 30, and the high-temperature flue gas rushes into the concave cavity 112 from the gap 40, and the concave cavity 112 can buffer the high-temperature flue gas to a certain extent. Among them, the projection of the gap 40 on the inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity 11 provided with the concave cavity 112 partially overlaps or completely overlaps with the concave cavity 112, so that the high-temperature flue gas can flow from the gap 40 to the concave cavity 112 more smoothly.

[0037] The inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity 11 is provided with a plurality of brackets 113, which are detachably connected to the battery cell 30. In this embodiment, the brackets 113 are connected to the bottom surface of the battery cell 30. The brackets 113 can not only be used to connect the accommodating cavity 11 with the battery cell 30, but also improve the strength and rigidity of the housing 10. Figure 3The shell 10 includes four side panels 16 and a top panel 14 and a bottom panel 15 which are parallel to each other. The top panel 14 is connected to the top of the side panels 16, and the bottom panel 15 is connected to the bottom of the side panels 16. The four side panels 16 are respectively arranged at the four edges of the bottom panel 15. The top panel 14, the bottom panel 15 and the four side panels 16 enclose a receiving cavity 11 of a rectangular structure. The pressure relief port 13 is opened on the bottom panel 15, and the concave cavity 112 is also arranged on the bottom panel 15. In this embodiment, the pressure relief port 13 is arranged toward the direction of gravity. When the pressure relief port 13 discharges high-temperature and high-pressure high-temperature flue gas, the high-temperature flue gas will be ejected toward the direction of gravity, thereby minimizing the impact on the attitude of the aircraft.

[0038] The housing 10 is preferably made of carbon fiber material, which can take into account both protection and lightweight design. The housing 10 is also provided with a protective net 17 covering the pressure relief port 13, and the separator 20 is located between the protective net 17 and the battery cell 30. The protective net 17 can prevent foreign objects from impacting the separator 20 at the pressure relief port 13, causing the separator 20 to break accidentally, which will cause water vapor to invade the interior of the housing 10.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] This embodiment provides a power supply device, including a plurality of battery cells 30 and the thermal runaway protection structure as described above. The plurality of battery cells 30 are disposed in the accommodating cavity 11 , and the battery cells 30 are detachably connected to the bracket 113 .

[0041] To summarize, the shell 10 is provided with a accommodating cavity 11 for accommodating the battery cell 30, and a gap 40 is provided between the battery cell 30 and the inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity 11. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the battery cell 30 during thermal runaway will gather in the gap 40. The pressure relief port 13 on the shell 10 is connected to the outside world, and the two ends of the flue 12 are respectively connected to the gap 40 and the pressure relief port 13 to guide the high-temperature flue gas from the gap 40 through the flue 12 to the pressure relief port 13. The separation membrane 20 covering the pressure relief port 13 will melt due to heat when the battery cell 30 is thermally runaway, thereby connecting the pressure relief port 13 with the outside world, and the high-temperature flue gas can be discharged from the pressure relief port 13 to the outside world to prevent excessive accumulation of high-temperature flue gas in the shell 10.

[0042] The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway protection structure, suitable for thermal runaway protection of battery cells, characterized in that: comprising a shell and a separator membrane; The shell is provided with a containing cavity, a flue and a pressure relief port; The accommodating cavity is used to accommodate the battery core, and a gap is provided between the battery core and the inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity; The pressure relief port is connected to the outside, and the two ends of the flue are respectively connected to the gap and the pressure relief port; The separation membrane cover is arranged on the pressure relief port, and the separation membrane is melted by heat when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell.

2. The thermal runaway protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An aerogel layer is provided on the inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity.

3. The thermal runaway protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity is provided with a concave cavity arranged adjacent to the pressure relief port, and the flue is formed between the concave cavity and the battery core.

4. The thermal runaway protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The projection of the gap on the inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity provided with the concave cavity partially overlaps with or completely overlaps with the concave cavity.

5. The thermal runaway protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall surface of the accommodating cavity is provided with a plurality of brackets, and the brackets are detachably connected to the battery core.

6. The thermal runaway protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell includes a plurality of side plates and a top plate and a bottom plate parallel to each other, wherein the top plate is connected to the top of the side plates, the bottom plate is connected to the bottom of the side plates, and the plurality of side plates are respectively arranged at each edge of the bottom plate; The top plate, the bottom plate and a plurality of side plates enclose the accommodating cavity, and the pressure relief port is opened on the bottom plate.

7. The thermal runaway protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell is made of carbon fiber material.

8. The thermal runaway protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell is provided with a protection net covering the pressure relief port, and the separation membrane is located between the protection net and the battery core.

9. The thermal runaway protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief port is arranged toward the direction of gravity.

10. A power supply device, characterized in that: Comprising the thermal runaway protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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