Tunnel low-disturbance tunneling upper step hole arrangement structure through cooperation of drilling and blasting method and gas rock breaking

Abstract

The utility model provides a tunnel low-disturbance tunneling upper step hole arrangement structure with a drilling and blasting method cooperating with gas rock breaking, which comprises a central compensation hole, a plurality of underholing fracturing holes, a plurality of auxiliary fracturing holes, a plurality of auxiliary blasting holes, a plurality of peripheral blasting holes and a plurality of bottom plate blasting holes, and can combine the drilling and blasting method and a high-pressure gas expansion method to break rock. Compared with a hole arrangement structure of an explosive blasting method independently used, the hole arrangement structure can partially replace explosives through the expansion pipe to conduct slotting rock breaking, the total explosive amount and the maximum explosive amount of a single section are reduced, the vibration peak value and the vibration duration are reduced, the noise is reduced, and low-disturbance tunnel tunneling is achieved; the technical problems that a non-explosive rock breaking method is low in excavation efficiency and high in cost are solved, the method has the advantages of being high in rock breaking efficiency, low in cost and the like, and safe, efficient and low-disturbance construction of the hard rock tunnel in the environment sensitive area is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a hole pattern arrangement structure for low-disturbance tunneling of the upper bench in a tunnel with combined drilling and blasting method and gas rock breaking. Background Art

[0002] With the increase and development of the scale of highway tunnel construction, it is particularly important to overcome the problems in the construction of highway projects under complex geological conditions, especially the construction problems of highway tunnels in environmentally sensitive areas, and to ensure the project quality and construction safety. During the traditional drilling and blasting method for tunnel construction, blasting vibration, as one of the main hazards caused by engineering blasting, has a great impact on surrounding buildings (structures). Reducing the harm brought by blasting vibration to buildings (structures) and ensuring the safety of buildings, infrastructures, etc. around the blasting area are the key points in tunnel boring construction. The high-pressure gas expansion method mainly uses the gas-generating agent in the expansion tube to react to generate a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas products, which expand and do work on the rock around the fracture holes to break the rock. The vibration and noise generated are small, and the impact on the surrounding rock, buildings and the environment is small. Moreover, the rock-breaking efficiency is relatively high, which is suitable for hard rock excavation projects near important buildings or in areas with dense population and buildings in the city. With the popularization and application of the high-pressure gas expansion method, a tunnel excavation method combining controlled blasting and high-pressure gas expansion rock breaking is adopted to reduce the impact of construction on the surrounding environment, providing a new idea for the safe, efficient and low-disturbance construction of hard rock tunnels in environmentally sensitive areas. Content of the Utility Model

[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to provide, in view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned background art, a hole pattern arrangement structure for low-disturbance tunneling of the upper bench in a tunnel with combined drilling and blasting method and gas rock breaking, and to realize the low-disturbance excavation of the upper bench of a hard rock tunnel in an environmentally sensitive area by combining the drilling and blasting method and the high-pressure gas expansion method.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a hole pattern arrangement structure for low-disturbance tunneling of the upper bench in a tunnel with combined drilling and blasting method and gas rock breaking, which includes a central compensation hole, a plurality of cut fracture holes, a plurality of auxiliary fracture holes, a plurality of auxiliary blasting holes, a plurality of perimeter blasting holes and a plurality of floor blasting holes. The central compensation hole, the cut fracture holes and the auxiliary fracture holes are arranged in the gas rock-breaking area of the tunnel upper bench face, and the auxiliary blasting holes, the perimeter blasting holes and the floor blasting holes are arranged in the blasting area outside the gas rock-breaking area of the tunnel upper bench face;

[0005] The central compensation hole is arranged at the center of the gas rock-breaking area. The cut cracking holes are arranged annularly and evenly around the central compensation hole. The auxiliary cracking holes are arranged evenly along the boundary of the gas rock-breaking area. The peripheral blasting holes are arranged evenly along the tunnel excavation contour line. The floor blasting holes are arranged evenly along the floor of the tunnel upper bench face. The auxiliary blasting holes are arranged evenly in the blasting area between the peripheral blasting holes and the floor blasting holes;

[0006] The central compensation hole is an empty hole. The cut cracking holes and the auxiliary cracking holes are used to place expansion tubes. The auxiliary blasting holes, the peripheral blasting holes and the floor blasting holes are used to load explosives.

[0007] Further, the width of the gas rock-breaking area is 1.2 - 1.8 m, and the height is 1.2 - 1.8 m.

[0008] Further, the aperture of the central compensation hole is 1 / 5 - 1 / 4 of the width of the gas rock-breaking area, and the direction is perpendicular to the tunnel upper bench face.

[0009] Further, the cut cracking holes are inclined holes, and the directions are all inclined towards the central compensation hole, with an inclination angle of 84 - 85°.

[0010] Further, the hole distance between the cut cracking holes and the central compensation hole is 0.5 - 0.6 m, and the hole distance between adjacent cut cracking holes is 0.5 - 0.6 m.

[0011] Further, the auxiliary cracking holes are parallel straight holes, which are respectively distributed at the boundary vertices and the midpoints of the side lines of the gas rock-breaking area, and the directions are all perpendicular to the tunnel upper bench face.

[0012] Further, the hole distance between adjacent peripheral blasting holes is 0.3 - 0.5 m, the direction is inclined outward by 2 - 3° along the tunnel axis direction, the distance between the peripheral blasting holes and the tunnel excavation contour line is 0.1 - 0.2 m, and the thickness of the smooth blasting layer formed between the peripheral blasting holes and the adjacent auxiliary blasting holes is 0.4 - 0.6 m.

[0013] Further, the auxiliary blasting holes are parallel straight holes, the direction is perpendicular to the tunnel upper bench face, the hole distance between adjacent auxiliary blasting holes in each row is 0.6 - 0.9 m, and the row distance is 0.5 - 0.8 m.

[0014] Further, the hole distance between adjacent floor blasting holes is 0.6 - 1.0 m, the distance between the floor blasting holes and the boundary line of the tunnel upper bench floor is 0.1 - 0.2 m, and the direction is inclined outward by 2 - 3° along the tunnel axis direction.

[0015] The above solution of the present utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The hole arrangement structure for the upper bench of low-disturbance tunneling by the combined drill-blasting and gas rock-breaking method provided by the present utility model can combine the drill-blasting method and the high-pressure gas expansion method for rock-breaking through the arrangement of a central compensation hole, multiple cut cracking holes, multiple auxiliary cracking holes, multiple auxiliary blasting holes, multiple perimeter blasting holes and multiple floor blasting holes. Compared with the hole arrangement structure of the single explosive blasting method, it can partially replace the explosive with an expansion tube for cut rock-breaking, reduce the total amount of explosives and the maximum amount of explosives in a single section, reduce the peak value and duration of vibration, and also reduce the noise level, realizing low-disturbance tunneling. Compared with the completely non-explosive rock-breaking method, it solves the technical problems of low excavation efficiency and high cost of the non-explosive rock-breaking method, and has the advantages of high rock-breaking efficiency and low cost. Generally speaking, it realizes safe, efficient and low-disturbance construction of hard rock tunnels in environmentally sensitive areas, and can be applied to complex construction environments close to important buildings or areas with dense population and buildings in the city;

[0017] Other beneficial effects of the present utility model will be described in detail in the subsequent specific implementation part. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the hole arrangement for the upper bench of the tunnel of the present utility model.

[0019]

Description of the Reference Numerals

[0020] 1 - Central compensation hole; 2 - Cut cracking hole; 3 - Auxiliary cracking hole; 4 - Auxiliary blasting hole; 5 - Perimeter blasting hole; 6 - Floor blasting hole. Specific Embodiment

[0021] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present utility model clearer, the following will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model. In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present utility model described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0022] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a locking connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] In the prior art, the explosive blasting method has three major "public nuisances" of shock waves, vibrations, and noises. Especially when a newly built tunnel is adjacent to important buildings or close to a densely populated residential area, the vibrations generated by blasting will have a great impact on the structural safety of the buildings (structures). Non-explosive rock-breaking methods such as the splitting method, the expansive agent method, the rock breaker method, the milling excavation method, the CO 2 blasting method, etc. Although they have overcome the technical problem of large vibrations, they have disadvantages such as low excavation efficiency, high cost, and cumbersome operation processes. As a new supplement to the non-explosive rock-breaking method, the high-pressure gas expansion method has the advantages of small vibrations, low noise, simple operation, high rock-breaking efficiency, etc., but the economic cost is higher than that of explosives. The embodiment of the present utility model provides a hole layout structure for low-disturbance tunneling of the upper bench in a drill-blasting method coordinated with gas rock-breaking in a tunnel, which uses the drill-blasting method and the high-pressure gas expansion method to jointly achieve low-disturbance excavation of the upper bench of a hard rock tunnel in an environmentally sensitive area.

[0025] As Figure 1 shown, the hole layout structure for low-disturbance tunneling of the upper bench in a drill-blasting method coordinated with gas rock-breaking provided in this embodiment includes a central compensation hole 1, a cut cracking hole 2, an auxiliary cracking hole 3, an auxiliary blasting hole 4, a perimeter blasting hole 5, and a floor blasting hole 6. Among them, the central compensation hole 1, the cut cracking hole 2, and the auxiliary cracking hole 3 are arranged in the gas rock-breaking area of the tunnel upper bench face, and the auxiliary blasting hole 4, the perimeter blasting hole 5, and the floor blasting hole 6 are arranged in the blasting area outside the gas rock-breaking area of the tunnel upper bench face.

[0026] Furthermore, the central compensation hole 1 is arranged at the center of the gas rock-breaking area. The cut cracking holes 2 are arranged in a circular and uniform pattern around the central compensation hole 1. The auxiliary cracking holes 3 are arranged uniformly along the (square) boundary of the gas rock-breaking area. The peripheral blasting holes 5 are arranged uniformly along the tunnel excavation contour line. The floor blasting holes 6 are arranged uniformly along the floor of the tunnel upper bench face. The auxiliary blasting holes 4 are arranged in a "plum blossom" pattern and are uniformly arranged in other blasting areas between the peripheral blasting holes 5 and the floor blasting holes 6.

[0027] In this embodiment, the width of the gas rock-breaking area is preferably 1.2 - 1.8 m, and the height is preferably 1.2 - 1.8 m. The central compensation hole 1 is a large-diameter empty hole for compensation during rock-breaking, and the hole diameter is preferably 1 / 5 - 1 / 4 of the width of the gas rock-breaking area. The drilling direction is perpendicular to the tunnel upper bench face. The cut cracking holes 2 consist of several inclined holes, and the drilling directions of all the inclined holes are inclined towards the central compensation hole 1, and the inclination angle is preferably 84 - 85° (the included angle with the tunnel axis is 5 - 6°). The distance from the orifice of the cut cracking hole 2 to the orifice of the central compensation hole 1 is preferably 0.5 - 0.6 m, and the hole spacing between adjacent cut cracking holes 2 is preferably 0.5 - 0.6 m. The auxiliary cracking holes 3 consist of several parallel straight holes, which are respectively distributed at the boundary vertices and the midpoints of the side lines of the gas rock-breaking area, and the drilling directions of all the parallel straight holes are perpendicular to the tunnel upper bench face.

[0028] In this embodiment, the hole spacing between adjacent peripheral blasting holes 5 is preferably 0.3 - 0.5 m, the drilling direction is preferably inclined outward by 2 - 3° along the tunnel axis direction, the distance from the peripheral blasting hole 5 to the tunnel excavation contour line is preferably 0.1 - 0.2 m, and the thickness of the smooth blasting layer formed between the peripheral blasting hole 5 and the adjacent auxiliary blasting hole 4 is preferably 0.4 - 0.6 m. The hole spacing between adjacent floor blasting holes 6 is preferably 0.6 - 1.0 m, the distance from the floor blasting hole 6 to the boundary line of the tunnel upper bench floor is preferably 0.1 - 0.2 m, and the drilling direction is preferably inclined outward by 2 - 3° along the tunnel axis direction. The auxiliary blasting holes 4 consist of several rows of parallel straight holes, the drilling directions of all the parallel straight holes are perpendicular to the tunnel upper bench face, the hole spacing between adjacent auxiliary blasting holes 4 in each row is preferably 0.6 - 0.9 m, and the row spacing is preferably 0.5 - 0.8 m.

[0029] It should be noted that during actual construction, the specific parameters of the hole layout structure are determined according to the tunnel geological conditions and the on-site construction conditions, and a drawing such as Figure 1Schematic diagram of the hole arrangement structure of the tunnel upper bench heading face. According to the specific parameters of the hole arrangement structure, the central compensation hole 1, the cut fracture hole 2, the auxiliary fracture hole 3, the auxiliary blasting hole 4, the perimeter blasting hole 5 and the floor blasting hole 6 are drilled. Then, based on the cut fracture hole 2 and the auxiliary fracture hole 3 in the gas rock-breaking area, the high-pressure gas expansion method is used for rock breaking. The expansion tubes are placed in the cut fracture hole 2 and the auxiliary fracture hole 3, and the operations of plugging the holes, connecting the wires and triggering are carried out. For the blasting area, smooth blasting is carried out using explosives. The auxiliary blasting hole 4 and the floor blasting hole 6 adopt the uncoupled continuous charge structure, and the perimeter blasting hole 5 adopts the uncoupled interval charge structure, and the operations of charging, plugging the holes, connecting the wires and initiating are carried out. After blasting, mechanical treatment and slag cleaning are carried out. Therefore, compared with the hole arrangement structure of the explosive blasting method used alone, the cut rock breaking can be partially carried out by replacing explosives with expansion tubes, reducing the total amount of explosives and the maximum amount of explosives in a single section, reducing the peak value of vibration and the vibration duration, and also reducing the noise level, realizing low-disturbance tunneling of the tunnel; compared with the complete non-explosive rock-breaking method, the technical problems of low excavation efficiency and high cost of the non-explosive rock-breaking method are solved, and it has the advantages of high rock-breaking efficiency and low cost. In short, the low-disturbance and high-efficiency construction of hard rock tunnels in environmentally sensitive areas is realized.

[0030] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of concise description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope recorded in this specification.

[0031] The above embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hole arrangement structure for low-disturbance tunneling on the upper step by using drilling and blasting method and gas rock breaking, characterized in that: It includes a central compensation hole, a plurality of slot-cutting fracturing holes, a plurality of auxiliary fracturing holes, a plurality of auxiliary blasting holes, a plurality of peripheral blasting holes and a plurality of bottom plate blasting holes. The central compensation hole, the slot-cutting fracturing hole and the auxiliary fracturing hole are arranged in the gas rock breaking area of ​​the tunnel upper step face, and the auxiliary blasting holes, the peripheral blasting holes and the bottom plate blasting holes are arranged in the blasting area outside the gas rock breaking area of ​​the tunnel upper step face; The central compensation hole is arranged at the center of the gas rock breaking area, the slot fracturing holes are evenly arranged in a ring around the central compensation hole, the auxiliary fracturing holes are evenly arranged along the boundary of the gas rock breaking area, the peripheral blasting holes are evenly arranged along the tunnel excavation contour line, the bottom plate blasting holes are evenly arranged along the bottom plate of the tunnel upper step face, and the auxiliary blasting holes are evenly arranged in the blasting area between the peripheral blasting holes and the bottom plate blasting holes; The central compensation hole is an empty hole, the slot-forming cracking hole and the auxiliary cracking hole are used to place expansion tubes, and the auxiliary blasting holes, the peripheral blasting holes and the bottom plate blasting holes are used to load explosives.

2. The hole arrangement structure for low-disturbance tunneling in the drilling and blasting method with gas rock breaking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas rock breaking area has a width of 1.2 to 1.8 m and a height of 1.2 to 1.8 m.

3. The hole arrangement structure for low-disturbance tunneling in the drilling and blasting method with gas rock breaking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The aperture of the central compensation hole is 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the width of the gas rock breaking area, and its direction is perpendicular to the upper step face of the tunnel.

4. The hole arrangement structure for low-disturbance tunneling in the drilling and blasting method with gas rock breaking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cut-out crack holes are inclined holes, all of which are inclined toward the central compensation hole, with an inclination angle of 84-85°.

5. The hole arrangement structure for low-disturbance tunneling in the drilling and blasting method with gas rock breaking according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The hole distance between the cut-out crack hole and the central compensation hole is 0.5-0.6 m, and the hole distance between adjacent cut-out crack holes is 0.5-0.6 m.

6. The hole arrangement structure for low-disturbance tunneling in the drilling and blasting method with gas rock breaking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The auxiliary fracturing holes are parallel straight holes, which are respectively distributed at the boundary vertices and the midpoints of the edge lines of the gas rock breaking area, and are all perpendicular to the upper step face of the tunnel.

7. The hole arrangement structure for low-disturbance tunneling in the drilling and blasting method with gas rock breaking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hole spacing between adjacent peripheral blasting holes is 0.3-0.5m, and the direction is inclined 2-3° outward along the tunnel axis. The distance from the peripheral blasting holes to the tunnel excavation contour line is 0.1-0.2m, and the thickness of the light blasting layer formed between the peripheral blasting holes and the adjacent auxiliary blasting holes is 0.4-0.6m.

8. The hole arrangement structure for low-disturbance tunneling in the drilling and blasting method with gas rock breaking according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The auxiliary blasting holes are parallel straight holes, and their directions are perpendicular to the tunnel upper step face. The hole spacing of each row of adjacent auxiliary blasting holes is 0.6-0.9m, and the row spacing is 0.5-0.8m.

9. The hole arrangement structure for low-disturbance tunneling on the upper step by drilling and blasting method and gas rock breaking according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hole spacing between adjacent bottom plate blasting holes is 0.6-1.0m, the distance from the bottom plate blasting holes to the boundary line of the bottom plate of the upper step of the tunnel is 0.1-0.2m, and the direction is inclined outwardly by 2-3° along the tunnel axis.

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