System for catalytically pyrolyzing waste photovoltaic module by recycling iron oxide
By recycling iron oxide catalyzed pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic module systems, the problems of low efficiency and poor resource recycling in the prior art are solved, efficient pyrolysis and resource recycling are achieved, and environmental impact is reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421358664.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-14
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is inefficient when dealing with waste photovoltaic modules and cannot achieve effective recycling of resources, resulting in a great impact on the environment.
A waste photovoltaic module system is adopted for catalytic pyrolysis of iron oxides, which includes an aerobic pyrolysis device, a mixing device, a condensation separator, a solid-state separator, an oxidizer and an air supply device. By mixing the iron oxide with the scrap material of the waste photovoltaic module, aerobic pyrolysis is performed in the aerobic pyrolysis device, and then recycling of the iron oxide is performed through the solid-state separator and an oxidizer.
It realizes efficient pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules, improves the quality of pyrolysis products, and reduces costs by recycling iron oxides. At the same time, the olefin components in the pyrolyzed flue gas are separated for recycling, reducing the impact on the environment.
Smart Images
Figure CN222963945U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules, and particularly relates to a system for catalytic pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules with recycled iron oxides for recycling. Background Art
[0002] Photovoltaic modules have a certain service life. After years of operation, a large number of waste modules will be generated due to aging, damage or technological updates. According to statistics, the average service life of current photovoltaic modules is about 20 - 30 years, and a large number of photovoltaic power stations have been built or are under construction, making the treatment of waste photovoltaic modules an urgent problem. The treatment methods for waste photovoltaic modules mainly include landfill, incineration, physical crushing and chemical dissolution treatment, etc. However, these traditional treatment methods have some problems and loopholes. The traditional physical crushing and chemical dissolution treatment methods are often inefficient and cannot achieve effective resource recycling. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative waste photovoltaic module treatment technology that can not only effectively treat waste modules but also realize resource recycling and reduce environmental impact. Summary of the Utility Model
[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a system for catalytic pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules with recycled iron oxides, which has a simple structure, can perform aerobic pyrolysis on catalytic pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules, and can recycle iron oxides repeatedly.
[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the utility model is as follows: A system for catalytic pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules with recycled iron oxides includes an aerobic pyrolysis device, a mixing device, a condensation separator, a solid separator, an oxidizer and an air supply device. The aerobic pyrolysis device has a feed inlet, an air inlet, a solid slag outlet and a tail gas outlet. The discharge outlet of the mixing device is communicated with the feed inlet. The mixing device is used to mix the shredded materials of waste photovoltaic modules with iron oxides. The condensation separator has a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a liquid outlet. The gas inlet is communicated with the tail gas outlet. The solid separator is used to separate magnetic components from the pyrolyzed solid slag of the aerobic pyrolysis device. The oxidizer has a material inlet, a tail gas inlet, an air inlet and a material outlet. The material inlet is used to receive the magnetic components separated by the solid separator. The tail gas inlet and the air inlet are both communicated with the gas outlet. A exhaust pipe is also communicated at the gas outlet, and an exhaust valve is provided at the exhaust pipe. The air inlet and the air inlet are both communicated with the air outlet of the air supply device. The oxidizer is used to oxidize the magnetic components into iron oxides for reuse.
[0005] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: By pre-mixing iron oxide with the scraps of waste photovoltaic modules and then performing aerobic pyrolysis, the scraps can be more fully oxidized and pyrolyzed under the action of iron oxide at this time, while improving the quality of the pyrolysis products. In addition, the reduced iron oxide can be separated by a solid separator and re-oxidized by an oxidizer for recycling. Its cost is low, and the olefin components in the flue gas generated after pyrolysis can be separated by a condensation separator for recycling, and the final flue gas can participate in the re-oxidation process of the reduced iron oxide or enter the aerobic pyrolysis device for reuse, which is environmentally friendly.
[0006] In the above technical solution, the solid separator is a magnetic separator or a magnetic separator.
[0007] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: In this way, the reduced iron oxide in the solid slag can be separately separated by a solid separator for re-oxidation and recycling.
[0008] The above technical solution further includes a crushing device, and the scrap outlet of the crushing device is communicated with the mixing device.
[0009] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: In this way, the waste photovoltaic modules can be crushed by the crushing device.
[0010] The above technical solution further includes a conveyor, and the material outlet and the mixing device are communicated through the conveyor.
[0011] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: In this way, the iron oxide oxidized by the oxidizer can be transported to the mixing device by the conveyor to be mixed with the scraps.
[0012] In the above technical solution, the aerobic pyrolysis device includes a furnace body, a grate plate and electric heating coils. The grate plate is arranged in the furnace body and divides the furnace body into a pyrolysis chamber located above and an ash falling chamber located below. The electric heating coils are arranged on the lower end surface of the grate plate. The feed inlet and the tail gas outlet are both arranged on the furnace body and communicated with the inside of the pyrolysis chamber. The air inlet and the solid slag outlet are both arranged on the furnace body and communicated with the inside of the ash falling chamber.
[0013] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: Its structure is simple, and the mixture of scraps and iron oxide is on the grate plate and heated by the electric heating coils, and at the same time, aerobic pyrolysis is carried out in an air atmosphere, and the pyrolysis flue gas is discharged through the tail gas outlet.
[0014] In the above technical solution, the grate plate is a graphite material piece, and the upper surface of the grate plate is uneven.
[0015] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: It has good durability, and the upper end of the grate plate is set to be uneven, which can improve the contact effect between the mixture and air.
[0016] In the above technical solution, the oxidizer is an oxidation furnace.
[0017] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: In this way, the reduced iron oxide can be fully oxidized.
[0018] In the above technical solution, the air supply device is a blower.
[0019] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: It has good air supply effect.
[0020] At the connection between the air inlet and the air outlet of the air supply device, a first valve and a first flowmeter are provided, and at the connection between the air inlet and the air outlet of the air supply device, a second valve and a second flowmeter are provided.
[0021] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: In this way, the amount of air introduced into the oxidizer and the aerobic pyrolysis device can be adjusted.
[0022] At the connection between the tail gas inlet and the gas outlet, a third valve and a third flowmeter are provided, and at the connection between the air inlet and the gas outlet, a fourth valve and a fourth flowmeter are provided.
[0023] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows: In this way, the amount of flue gas introduced into the oxidizer and the aerobic pyrolysis device can be adjusted. Description of the Drawings
[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the system for catalytic pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules by recycling iron oxide according to the embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 2 It is a bottom view of the grate plate according to the embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 3 It is another schematic structural diagram of the system for catalytic pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules by recycling iron oxide according to the embodiment of the present invention.
[0027] In the figure: 1 is an aerobic pyrolysis device; 11 is a feed inlet; 12 is an air inlet; 13 is a solid slag outlet; 14 is a tail gas outlet; 15 is a furnace body, 16 is a grate plate; 17 is an electric heating coil; 18 is a pyrolysis chamber; 19 is an ash falling chamber; 2 is a mixing device; 3 is a condensation separator; 31 is a gas inlet; 32 is a gas outlet; 33 is a liquid outlet; 34 is an exhaust pipe; 35 is an exhaust valve; 4 is a solid separator; 5 is an oxidizer; 51 is a material inlet; 52 is a tail gas inlet; 53 is an air inlet; 54 is a material outlet; 6 is an air supply device; 7 is a crushing device; 8 is a conveyor; 91 is a first valve; 92 is a first flowmeter; 93 is a second valve; 94 is a second flowmeter; 95 is a third valve; 96 is a third flowmeter; 97 is a fourth valve; 98 is a fourth flowmeter. Detailed implementation mode
[0028] The principles and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The present invention will be described more specifically by way of example in the following paragraphs with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will be more clearly described according to the following description and the claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise scales, only for conveniently and clearly assisting in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention.
[0029] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a system for catalytic pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules with recycled iron oxide, which includes an aerobic pyrolysis device 1, a mixing device 2, a condensation separator 3, a solid separator 4, an oxidizer 5 and an air supply device 6. The aerobic pyrolysis device 1 has a feed inlet 11, an air inlet 12, a solid slag outlet 13 and a tail gas outlet 14. The discharge outlet of the mixing device 2 is communicated with the feed inlet 11. The mixing device 2 is used to mix the shredded materials of waste photovoltaic modules with iron oxide. The condensation separator 3 has a gas inlet 31, a gas outlet 32 and a liquid outlet 33. The gas inlet 31 is communicated with the tail gas outlet 14. The solid separator 4 is used to separate the magnetic components from the pyrolyzed solid slag of the aerobic pyrolysis device 1. The oxidizer 5 has a material inlet 51, a tail gas inlet 52, an air inlet 53 and a material outlet 54. The material inlet 51 is used to receive the magnetic components separated by the solid separator 4. The tail gas inlet 52 and the air inlet 12 are both communicated with the gas outlet 32. A exhaust pipe 34 is also communicated at the gas outlet 32, and an exhaust valve 35 is arranged at the exhaust pipe 34. The air inlet 53 and the air inlet 12 are both communicated with the air outlet of the air supply device 6. The oxidizer 5 is used to oxidize the magnetic components into iron oxide for reuse. By pre-mixing the iron oxide with the shredded materials of waste photovoltaic modules and then carrying out aerobic pyrolysis, the shredded materials can be more fully oxidized and pyrolyzed under the action of iron oxide, and at the same time, the quality of the pyrolysis products is improved. In addition, the reduced iron oxide can be separated by the solid separator and re-oxidized by the oxidizer for recycling. Its cost is low, and the olefin components in the flue gas generated after pyrolysis can be separated by the condensation separator for recycling. The final flue gas can be mixed with air and participate in the re-oxidation process of the reduced iron oxide, or enter the aerobic pyrolysis device for reuse, which is environmentally friendly.
[0030] In addition, in this embodiment, by setting an exhaust pipe at the gas outlet and an exhaust valve on the exhaust pipe, the safe operation of the entire system for catalytic pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules with recycled iron oxide can be ensured, and the pressure rise in the aerobic pyrolysis device can be avoided. When the pressure in the aerobic pyrolysis device rises to a safety risk, the exhaust valve can be opened for exhaust at this time (a pressure gauge for monitoring the internal pressure can be set on the aerobic pyrolysis device at this time).
[0031] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of the shredded materials to the iron oxide in the aerobic pyrolysis device 1 is 2.5 - 3.5:1, and the temperature in the aerobic pyrolysis furnace in this embodiment is preferably 450 - 650 °C.
[0032] Such as Figure 2As shown, the perforated plate described in this embodiment is evenly distributed with straight strip-shaped holes, so that the residues generated after the pyrolysis of the shredded materials on it can fall into the ash chamber and are finally discharged through the solid slag outlet 13. A gate valve can be arranged at the solid slag outlet.
[0033] In the above technical solution, the solid separator 4 is a magnetic separator or a magnetic separator, so that the reduced iron oxides in the solid slag can be separated separately by the solid separator for re-oxidation and recycling.
[0034] The above technical solution further includes a crushing device 7, and the shredded material outlet of the crushing device 7 is communicated with the mixing device 2, so that the waste photovoltaic modules can be crushed by the crushing device.
[0035] As Figure 3 shown, the above technical solution further includes a conveyor 8, and the material outlet 54 is communicated with the mixing device 2 through the conveyor 8, so that the iron oxides oxidized by the oxidizer can be transported by the conveyor to the mixing device to be mixed with the shredded materials. The conveyor can be a screw conveyor.
[0036] As Figure 2 shown, in the above technical solution, the aerobic pyrolysis device 1 includes a furnace body 15, a perforated plate 16 and an electric heating coil 17. The perforated plate 16 is arranged in the furnace body 15 and divides the furnace body 15 into a pyrolysis chamber 18 located above and an ash chamber 19 located below. The electric heating coil 17 is coiled on the lower end surface of the perforated plate 16. The feed inlet 11 and the tail gas outlet 14 are both arranged on the furnace body 15 and communicated with the inside of the pyrolysis chamber 18. The air inlet 12 and the solid slag outlet 13 are both arranged on the furnace body 15 and communicated with the inside of the ash chamber 19. Its structure is simple, and the mixture of shredded materials and iron oxides is on the perforated plate and heated by the electric heating coil, and at the same time, aerobic pyrolysis is carried out in an air atmosphere. The pyrolyzed flue gas is discharged through the tail gas outlet.
[0037] In the above technical solution, the perforated plate 16 is a graphite material piece, and the upper surface of the perforated plate 16 is uneven, and its durability is good. The upper end of the perforated plate is set to be uneven (such as evenly convex columnar protrusions or strip-shaped protrusions on the upper end of the perforated plate), so as to improve the contact effect between the mixture and the air.
[0038] In the above technical solution, the oxidizer 5 is an oxidation furnace, so that the reduced iron oxides can be fully oxidized.
[0039] In the above technical solution, the air supply device 6 is a fan, and its air supply effect is good.
[0040] A first valve 91 and a first flowmeter 92 are provided at the connection between the air inlet 53 and the air outlet of the air supply device 6, and a second valve 93 and a second flowmeter 94 are provided at the connection between the air inlet 12 and the air outlet of the air supply device 6, so that the amount of air introduced into the oxidizer and the aerobic pyrolysis device can be adjusted.
[0041] A third valve 95 and a third flowmeter 96 are provided at the connection between the tail gas inlet 52 and the gas outlet 32, and a fourth valve 97 and a fourth flowmeter 98 are provided at the connection between the air inlet 12 and the gas outlet 32, so that the amount of flue gas introduced into the oxidizer and the aerobic pyrolysis device can be adjusted.
[0042] In this embodiment, the feed inlet is inclined and extends inward to the middle of the pyrolysis chamber, and the end of the feed inlet located in the pyrolysis chamber is inclined downward.
[0043] In this embodiment, the flue gas discharged into the oxidizer is mainly used to dilute the air discharged into the oxidizer. Among them, the reduced iron oxide is re-oxidized by air in the oxidizer for reuse. In this embodiment, the iron oxide may be iron oxide, and after being reduced, it is mainly components such as ferrous oxide and magnetite.
[0044] In this embodiment, the first valve 91, the first flowmeter 92, the second valve 93, the second flowmeter 94, the third valve 95, the third flowmeter 96, the fourth valve 97 and the fourth flowmeter 98 are used to respectively adjust the ratio of air and flue gas fed into the oxidizer and the aerobic pyrolysis device.
[0045] In this embodiment, the solid separator is mainly used to separate the solid residues discharged from the ash chamber, and the magnetic components in the solid residues are independently separated for re-oxidation and reuse, while the remaining solids are processed separately.
[0046] In this embodiment, the temperature of the air entering the oxidizer should be preheated to 700-900 °C (an air heating furnace can be provided at the air inlet for preheating). In this embodiment, the volume ratio of the flue gas and air introduced into the oxidizer is 8-10:1.
[0047] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and do not impose any form of limitation on the present utility model; any ordinary technician in the industry can smoothly implement the present utility model according to what is shown in the accompanying drawings of the specification and the above description; however, any minor changes, modifications and equivalent variations made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present utility model by using the technical content disclosed above are all equivalent embodiments of the present utility model; at the same time, any changes, modifications and equivalent variations made to the above embodiments based on the substantial technology of the present utility model still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A system for recycling iron oxides to catalyze and pyrolyze waste photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: The invention comprises an aerobic pyrolysis device (1), a mixing device (2), a condensation separator (3), a solid separator (4), an oxidizer (5) and an air supply device (6), wherein the aerobic pyrolysis device (1) has a feed inlet (11), an air inlet (12), a solid slag outlet (13) and an exhaust gas outlet (14), the discharge port of the mixing device (2) is connected to the feed inlet (11), the mixing device (2) is used to mix the scraps of the waste photovoltaic modules with the iron oxide, the condensation separator (3) has a gas inlet (31), a gas outlet (32) and a liquid outlet (33), the gas inlet (31) is connected to the exhaust gas outlet (14), the solid separator (4) is used to discharge the solid slag from the aerobic pyrolysis device (1) is used to separate magnetic components from the solid slag of pyrolysis, the oxidizer (5) having a material inlet (51), an exhaust gas inlet (52), an air inlet (53) and a material outlet (54), the material inlet (51) is used to receive the magnetic components separated by the solid separator (4), the exhaust gas inlet (52) and the air inlet (12) are both connected to the gas outlet (32), the gas outlet (32) is also connected to an exhaust pipe (34), and the exhaust pipe (34) is provided with an exhaust valve (35), the air inlet (53) and the air inlet (12) are both connected to the air outlet of the air supply device (6), and the oxidizer (5) is used to oxidize the magnetic components into iron oxides for recycling.
2. The system for recycling iron oxide catalytic pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The solid-state separator (4) is a magnetic separator or a magnetic separator.
3. The system for recycling iron oxide catalytic pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also comprises a crushing device (7), wherein the crushed material outlet of the crushing device (7) is connected to the mixing device (2).
4. The system for recycling iron oxide catalytic pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also comprises a conveyor (8), and the material outlet (54) is connected to the mixing device (2) through the conveyor (8).
5. The system for recycling iron oxide catalytic pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The aerobic pyrolysis device (1) comprises a furnace body (15), a grate plate (16) and an electric heating coil (17); the grate plate (16) is arranged in the furnace body (15) and divides the furnace body (15) into a pyrolysis chamber (18) located at the top and an ash falling chamber (19) located at the bottom; the electric heating coil (17) is coiled on the lower end surface of the grate plate (16); the feed port (11) and the tail gas outlet (14) are both arranged on the furnace body (15) and communicate with the pyrolysis chamber (18); the air inlet (12) and the solid slag outlet (13) are both arranged on the furnace body (15) and communicate with the ash falling chamber (19).
6. The system for recycling iron oxides to catalyze and pyrolyze waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 5, characterized in that: The grate plate (16) is made of graphite, and the upper surface of the grate plate (16) is uneven.
7. The system for recycling iron oxides to catalyze and pyrolyze waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxidizer (5) is an oxidation furnace.
8. The system for recycling iron oxide catalytic pyrolysis of waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air supply device (6) is a fan.
9. The system for recycling iron oxides to catalyze and pyrolyze waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first valve (91) and a first flow meter (92) are provided at the connection point between the air inlet (53) and the air outlet of the air supply device (6), and a second valve (93) and a second flow meter (94) are provided at the connection point between the air inlet (12) and the air outlet of the air supply device (6).
10. The system for recycling iron oxides to catalyze and pyrolyze waste photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third valve (95) and a third flow meter (96) are provided at the connection point between the exhaust gas inlet (52) and the gas outlet (32), and a fourth valve (97) and a fourth flow meter (98) are provided at the connection point between the gas inlet (12) and the gas outlet (32).