High-torque and high-rigidity swing head of five-axis gantry encircling locking structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to a high-torque and high-rigidity swing head of a five-axis gantry encircling locking structure. A high-torque high-rigidity swing head of a five-axis gantry embracing locking structure comprises a spindle box, an electric spindle is arranged in the spindle box and connected with a C-axis box through a transmission shaft, and a time grating encoder assembly is arranged in the C-axis box. The time grating encoder assembly is arranged on the top of the rotating C-axle box, a time grating encoder is fixed to an encoder transmission inner ring through an encoder fixing ring, the encoder fixing ring and an air pressure top cover are connected and fixed to the top of the C-axle box, the encoder transmission inner ring is fixed to a brake movable disc, and an inner ring of the brake movable disc is connected with the upper portion of a transmission shaft. The outer ring of the brake movable disc is in contact with the brake disc; the swing head has the advantages of being high in rigidity, large in torque, high in precision and large in swing angle range, meeting the requirement for high-performance swing heads of high-hardness, high-strength and complex-profile parts made of difficult-to-machine materials, and being suitable for the aerospace industry, the high-precision and advanced equipment industry and the automatic integration industry in China.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of five-axis machining center machine tools, in particular to a high-torque and high-rigidity swing head with a five-axis gantry surrounding locking structure. Background Technique

[0002] In recent years, five-axis gantry machining centers have been increasingly used in high-end industrial fields such as aerospace, high-precision and sophisticated equipment, and automatic integrated products due to their flexible automation performance, excellent and stable accuracy, and flexible and diverse functions. They are mainly used to machine complex-shaped and high-precision parts made of high-hardness and high-strength machining materials. The five-axis gantry machining center can be realized by adding two linked rotary axes to the spindle or the workbench on the basis of a standard three-axis linked horizontal machining center. The swing head with the spindle swing function is one of the key functional components for upgrading a standard horizontal machining center to a horizontal five-axis machining center. Since the current horizontal five-axis machining centers are mostly used to machine complex-shaped parts made of difficult-to-machine materials such as high-hardness, high-strength, and machining materials, the swing head component is required to have the characteristics of high rigidity, large torque, high precision, and a large swing angle range. At present, no domestic machine tool manufacturers can produce a swing head for a five-axis gantry machining center machine tool that meets the above characteristics, which has become a bottleneck hindering the research and development of domestic five-axis gantry machining centers. Content of the Utility Model

[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a high-torque and high-rigidity swing head with a five-axis gantry surrounding locking structure to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A high-torque and high-rigidity swing head with a five-axis gantry surrounding locking structure, including a spindle box, an electric spindle is arranged in the spindle box, the electric spindle is connected to a C-axis box through a transmission shaft, and a time grating encoder assembly is arranged in the C-axis box;

[0006] The time grating encoder assembly is arranged on the top of the rotating C-axis box. The time grating encoder is fixed through an encoder fixing ring and an encoder transmission inner ring. The encoder fixing ring is connected to the pneumatic top cover and fixed on the top of the C-axis box. The encoder transmission inner ring is fixed on the brake moving disc. The inner ring of the brake moving disc is connected to the upper part of the transmission shaft. The outer ring of the brake moving disc is in contact with the brake disc. The bottom of the brake disc is connected to the pneumatic support ring. A first crossed roller bearing is arranged on the pneumatic support ring. A bearing pressing ring is arranged on the first crossed roller bearing. A bearing inner support ring is sleeved on the bearing pressing ring. The bearing pressing ring is connected to the pneumatic support ring and fixed on the upper part of the C-axis motor. The C-axis motor is connected to the transmission shaft through an axial bushing. The rotor of the C-axis motor is connected to the motor inner ring connecting ring. The stator of the C-axis motor is arranged on the C-axis box. The first crossed roller bearing is fixed on the C-axis box through a pressed bearing outer ring and a pressed bearing inner ring;

[0007] On the top of the main spindle box, a left insertion wall and a right insertion wall are vertically connected. The left insertion wall and the right insertion wall are symmetrically connected through an electric spindle. The interiors of the left insertion wall and the right insertion wall are connected to the hydraulic cylinder body. The hydraulic cylinder body is fixedly connected to the stator of the torque motor. The rotor of the torque motor is connected to a rotor support ring, a rotor support plate, and a rotor support sleeve. A second crossed roller bearing is fixed on the left insertion wall and the right insertion wall through a bearing pressing ring gasket. An A-axis time grating encoder and an A-axis encoder fixing ring are fixed on the A-axis brake inner ring. The A-axis time grating encoder is connected to the time grating fixed side cover and fixed on the A-axis side cover. The A-axis side cover is fixed on the left insertion wall. A expansion sleeve is connected to the inner wall of the rotor support ring. An A-axis brake inner ring is arranged on the main spindle box.

[0008] Further, the main spindle box 1 is connected to the main spindle top cover.

[0009] Further, insertion wall rear covers are arranged on the left insertion wall and the right insertion wall.

[0010] Further, the central holes of the time grating encoder, the transmission shaft, and the encoder transmission inner ring are communicated for wire routing.

[0011] Further, a wire passing hole is arranged on the right arm of the main spindle box 1 for wire routing. A wire passing hole is arranged on the C-axis box. On both sides of the A-axis side cover, wire passing holes communicating with it are arranged on the insertion wall rear covers. The wire passes through both sides of the A-axis side cover, the insertion wall rear cover, and the transmission shaft in sequence to reach the top of the C-axis box.

[0012] Further, tapers are arranged on both the inner wall of the rotor support ring and the outer wall of the expansion sleeve.

[0013] The torque motor direct-drive transmission of the utility model overcomes various errors caused by elastic deformation, reverse clearance, friction vibration, response lag, etc. in the intermediate transmission link. It has a compact structure, high positioning accuracy, fast response speed, high reliability, high rigidity, large torque, high precision and a large swing angle range, and meets the high-performance swing head requirements for complex surface parts made of difficult-to-process materials such as high hardness and high strength. It is suitable for my country's aerospace, high-precision equipment, and automatic integration industries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a structural sectional view of the utility model.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a structural side view of the utility model.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a structural front view of the utility model.

[0017] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the C-axis of the utility model.

[0018] Figure 5 It is an exploded view of the left fork arm of the utility model.

[0019] Figure 6 It is an exploded view of the right fork arm of the utility model.

[0020] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the C-axis embracing locking structure of the utility model.

[0021] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the A-axis embracing locking structure of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 8 , a five-axis gantry embracing locking structure high torque high rigidity swing head comprises a spindle box 1, in which an electric spindle 2 is arranged, the electric spindle 2 is connected to a C-axis box 4 via a transmission shaft 3, and in which a time grid encoder assembly is arranged;

[0024] The time grating encoder assembly is disposed on the top of the rotating C-axis housing 4. The time grating encoder 5 is fixed by an encoder fixing ring 6 and an encoder transmission inner ring 7. The encoder fixing ring 6 is connected to the pneumatic top cover 8 and fixed to the top of the C-axis housing 4. The encoder transmission inner ring 7 is fixed to the brake moving disc 9. The inner ring of the brake moving disc 9 is connected to the upper part of the transmission shaft 3. The outer ring of the brake moving disc 9 is in contact with the brake disc 10. The bottom of the brake disc 10 is connected to the pneumatic support ring 11. A first crossed roller bearing 12 is provided on the pneumatic support ring 11. A bearing pressing ring 13 is provided on the first crossed roller bearing 12. A bearing inner support ring 14 is sleeved on the bearing pressing ring 13. The bearing pressing ring 13 is connected to the pneumatic support ring 11 and fixed to the upper part of the C-axis motor 15. The C-axis motor 15 is connected to the transmission shaft 3 through an axial bushing 16. The rotor of the C-axis motor 15 is connected to the motor inner ring connecting ring 17. The stator of the C-axis motor 15 is arranged on the C-axis housing 4. The first crossed roller bearing 12 is fixed to the C-axis housing 4 through a bearing outer ring pressing 19 and a bearing inner ring pressing 20;

[0025] The left insertion wall 21 and the right insertion wall 22 are vertically connected to the top of the spindle box 1. The left insertion wall 21 and the right insertion wall 22 are symmetrically connected by the electric spindle 2. The interiors of the left insertion wall 21 and the right insertion wall 22 are connected to the hydraulic cylinder body 27. The hydraulic cylinder body 27 is fixedly connected to the stator of the torque motor 23. The rotor of the torque motor 23 is connected to the rotor support ring 24, the rotor support plate 25, and the rotor support sleeve 26. A second crossed roller bearing 29 is fixed on the left insertion wall 21 and the right insertion wall 22 through a bearing ring gasket 28. An A-axis time grating encoder 30 and an A-axis encoder fixing ring 31 are fixed on the A-axis brake inner ring 35. The A-axis time grating encoder 30 is connected to the time grating fixed side cover 32 and fixed to the A-axis side cover 33. The A-axis side cover 33 is fixed to the left insertion wall 21. The inner wall of the rotor support ring 24 is connected with a expansion sleeve 34. The spindle box 1 is provided with an A-axis brake inner ring 35.

[0026] Further, the spindle box 1 is connected to the spindle top cover 36.

[0027] Further, the left insertion wall 21 and the right insertion wall 22 are provided with insertion wall rear covers 37.

[0028] Further, the central holes of the time grating encoder 5, the transmission shaft 3, and the encoder transmission inner ring 7 are communicated for wire routing.

[0029] Further, a wire passing hole is provided on the right arm of the spindle box 1 for wire routing. A wire passing hole is provided on the C-axis housing 4. On both sides of the A-axis side cover 33, the insertion wall rear cover 37 is provided with wire passing holes communicating therewith. The wire passes through both sides of the A-axis side cover 33, the insertion wall rear cover 37, the transmission shaft 3 in sequence and reaches the top end of the C-axis housing 4.

[0030] Further, the inner wall of the rotor support ring 24 and the outer wall of the expansion sleeve 34 are both provided with tapers.

[0031] The utility model includes a C-axis box 4, a main spindle box 1, a left insertion wall 21 and a right insertion wall 22, a brake and its hydraulic, pneumatic, cooling and lubrication configurations. The C-axis box 4 is vertically connected to the left insertion wall 21 and the right insertion wall 22 through a transmission shaft 3 and the main spindle box 1. The left insertion wall 21 and the right insertion wall 22 are symmetrically connected by an electric spindle 2. The inside of the transmission shaft 3 is hollow. The transmission shaft 3 and the electric spindle 2 are driven by a C-axis motor 15 to drive the left insertion wall 21 and the right insertion wall 22 to rotate. The time grating encoder 5 is fixed by an encoder fixing ring 6 and an encoder transmission inner ring 7. The encoder fixing ring 6 is connected to a pneumatic top cover 8 and fixed on the C-axis box 4. The encoder transmission inner ring 7 is fixed on a brake moving disc 9. The central holes of the time grating encoder 5, the transmission shaft 3 and the encoder transmission inner ring 7 are communicated for wire routing. The brake moving disc 9 is connected to the transmission shaft 3. The brake disc 10 is connected to a pneumatic support ring 11. The pneumatic support ring 11 is provided with a first crossed roller bearing 12, a bearing pressing ring 13 and a bearing inner support ring 14. The bearing pressing ring 13 is connected to the pneumatic support ring 11 and fixed on the C-axis motor 15. The C-axis motor 15 is connected to the transmission shaft 3 through an axial bushing 16. At the same time, the rotor of the C-axis motor 15 is connected to a motor inner ring connection ring 17. The stator of the C-axis motor 15 is arranged on the C-axis box 4. The first crossed roller bearing 12 is fixed on the C-axis box 4 through a pressing bearing outer ring 19 and a pressing bearing inner ring 20. The transmission shaft 3 is connected to an insertion wall rear cover 37. The insertion wall rear cover 37 is connected to the left insertion wall 21 and the right insertion wall 22. The insertion wall rear cover 37 and the left insertion wall 21 are provided with the same wall control for wire routing. The insertion wall rear cover 37 and the right insertion wall 22 are provided with the same wall control for wire routing.

[0032] A torque motor 23 is connected to a hydraulic cylinder body 27 and fixed to the left insertion wall 21 and the right insertion wall 22 respectively. The stator of the torque motor 23 is fixed on the left insertion wall 21 and the right insertion wall 22. The rotor of the torque motor 23 is connected to a rotor support ring 24, a rotor support plate 25 and a rotor support sleeve 26. The inner wall of the rotor support ring 24 is fixed with an expansion sleeve 34. The first crossed roller bearing 12 is fixed to the left insertion wall 21 and the right insertion wall 22 respectively through a pressing bearing ring gasket 28. An A-axis encoder fixing ring 31 is connected and fixed to an A-axis brake inner ring 35. An A-axis time grating encoder 30 is connected to a time grating fixed side cover 32 and fixed to an A-axis side cover 33. The A-axis side cover 33 is connected to the time grating fixed side cover 32. The time grating fixed side cover 32 is connected to the left insertion wall 21. The A-axis side cover 33 is fixed to the left insertion wall 21.

[0033] The main spindle box 1 is connected to the rotor support ring 24 and rotates and connects with the first crossed roller bearing 12 through the torque motor 23 to drive the main spindle box 1 to rotate. The main spindle box 1 is connected to the electric spindle 2. The main spindle box 1 is connected to a main spindle top cover 36. A wire passing hole is arranged on the right arm of the main spindle box 1 for wire routing.

[0034] There is a wire routing hole provided on the rotating C-axis box 4. The inlet of the wire routing hole is arranged at the top end of the C-axis box 4, and the outlet of the wire routing hole is arranged at the bottom of the C-axis box 4. There are wire routing holes communicating with each other on the A-axis side cover 33 and the plug wall rear cover 37. The circuit passes through the A-axis side cover 33, the plug wall rear cover 37, and the transmission shaft 3 in sequence to reach the top end of the C-axis box 4. The circuit of the electric spindle 2 passes in and out through the main spindle box 1, the A-axis side cover 33, the plug wall rear cover 37, and the transmission shaft 3 in sequence to reach the top end of the C-axis box 4.

[0035] A expansion sleeve 34 is connected to the inner wall of the rotor support ring 24. Both the inner wall of the rotor support ring 24 and the outer wall of the expansion sleeve 34 have tapers, and their gaps can be adjusted, making the structure more firm. The rotor support ring 24 is also connected to the main spindle box 1, and this structure improves the structural rigidity.

[0036] The brake locking system adopts a surrounding locking structure. There are oil injection holes provided on the brake disc 10 and the hydraulic cylinder body 27. Expansion rings are welded on the inner walls of the brake disc 10 and the hydraulic cylinder body 27. There is a certain gap between the brake disc 10, the hydraulic cylinder body 27 and the welded expansion rings, making the inner wall hollow. When hydraulic oil is poured into the gap between the hydraulic cylinder body 27 and the welded expansion rings through the oil injection holes, the expansion rings deform and fit onto the brake moving disc 9 and the A-axis brake inner ring 35 to achieve the braking state. When the pressure is relieved, the expansion rings recover their deformation and leave the brake moving disc 9 and the A-axis brake inner ring 35.

[0037] In this utility model, the A and C axes adopt direct drive by torque motors. The A axis adopts a double pendulum type, that is, there are 2 rotating axes on the main spindle. The front end of the main spindle is a swivel head that can rotate around the Z axis, which is defined as the C axis. The C axis can rotate ±360 degrees. There is also an A axis on the swivel head that can rotate around the X axis. Torque motors are installed on both sides of the A axis. And the A axis is symmetrically designed, with the center of gravity of the swivel head coinciding with the rotation center of the C axis, making the indexing have better stability. The A-axis component realizes the coupled movement of the rotating shaft C and the rotating shaft, and is used for arbitrarily adjusting the rotating and swinging postures. The indexing accuracy and rotation accuracy of the swivel head can reach 3″. The rotation angle of the C axis is ±360°. The swing angle range of the A-axis swivel head is 220°. Taking the state where the main spindle is vertical as the zero point, it can swing 110° to both sides respectively. The diameter of the A axis is 500 mm, and the torque can reach more than 400 Nm. This utility model can meet the high-speed machining requirements of complex-structured and high-precision parts made of high-hardness and high-strength machining materials.

[0038] The working principle of the present utility model is as follows: The power of A and C is provided by torque motors and is in a direct drive form, driving the first crossed roller bearing 12 and the second crossed roller bearing 29 to rotate, thereby driving the spindle box 1 and the transmission shaft 3 to rotate, realizing the movement of the A and C axes. The closed-loop control technology of A and C encoders is used to measure the rotation data of the spindle box and the transmission shaft of the A and C axes, and based on this, the rotation angle is controlled. At the same time, the operating system, mechanical transmission, and encoder are integrated to achieve the purpose of precise positioning. A hugging locking structure is adopted. By filling hydraulic oil into the brake disc 10 and the hydraulic cylinder body 27, the gap of the welded expansion ring is filled with hydraulic oil, causing the expansion ring to deform and fit onto the brake moving disc 9 and the inner ring 35 of the A-axis brake, playing the role of the braking state. When the pressure is relieved, the expansion ring restores its deformation, leaves the brake moving disc 9 and the inner ring 35 of the A-axis brake, and the swing head returns to its original state. Movement is achieved through the operating system and the encoder, and linkage with the machine tool is realized.

[0039] Although the embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present utility model. The scope of the present utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A five-axis gantry embracing locking structure high torque high rigidity swing head, comprising a spindle box (1), wherein the spindle box (1) is provided with an electric spindle (2), characterized in that: The electric spindle (2) is connected to a C-axis box (4) via a transmission shaft (3), and a time-grid encoder assembly is arranged in the C-axis box (4); The time grid encoder assembly is arranged on the top of the rotating C-axis box (4), the time grid encoder (5) is fixed by an encoder fixing ring (6) and an encoder transmission inner ring (7), the encoder fixing ring (6) is connected to the air pressure top cover (8) and fixed on the top of the C-axis box (4), the encoder transmission inner ring (7) is fixed on the brake rotor (9), the inner ring of the brake rotor (9) is connected to the upper part of the transmission shaft (3), the outer ring of the brake rotor (9) is in contact with the brake disc (10), the bottom of the brake disc (10) is connected to the air pressure support ring (11), and the air pressure support ring (11) is provided with a first cross roller bearing (12), A bearing top pressure ring (13) is provided on the first cross roller bearing (12), and a bearing inner support ring (14) is sleeved on the bearing top pressure ring (13). The bearing top pressure ring (13) is connected to the gas pressure support ring (11) and fixed to the upper part of the C-axis motor (15). The C-axis motor (15) is connected to the transmission shaft (3) through an axial pressure sleeve (16). The rotor of the C-axis motor (15) is connected to the motor inner ring connecting ring (17). The stator of the C-axis motor (15) is arranged on the C-axis box (4). The first cross roller bearing (12) is fixed to the C-axis box (4) through a pressure bearing outer ring (19) and a pressure bearing inner ring (20). The top of the spindle box (1) is vertically connected with a left plug wall (21) and a right plug wall (22), the left plug wall (21) and the right plug wall (22) are symmetrically connected through the electric spindle (2), the inside of the left plug wall (21) and the right plug wall (22) are connected to the hydraulic cylinder body (27), the hydraulic cylinder body (27) is fixedly connected to the stator of the torque motor (23), the rotor of the torque motor (23) is connected to the rotor support ring (24), the rotor support plate (25) and the rotor support sleeve (26), the left plug wall (21) and the right plug wall (22) are symmetrically connected through the electric spindle (2), the inside of the left plug wall (21) and the right plug wall (22) are connected to the hydraulic cylinder body (27), the hydraulic cylinder body (27) is fixedly connected to the stator of the torque motor (23), the rotor of the torque motor (23) is connected to the rotor support ring (24), the rotor support plate (25) and the rotor support sleeve (26), A second cross roller bearing (29) is fixed on the spindle box (22) through a bearing ring gasket (28), an A-axis time grid encoder (30) is connected to a time grid fixed side cover (32) and fixed on the A-axis side cover (33), the A-axis side cover (33) is fixed on the left plug wall (21), the inner wall of the rotor support ring (24) is connected with a expansion sleeve (34), the spindle box (1) is provided with an A-axis brake inner ring (35), and the A-axis time grid encoder (30) and the A-axis encoder fixing ring (31) are fixed on the A-axis brake inner ring (35).

2. According to claim 1, a five-axis gantry embracing locking structure high torque high rigidity swing head, characterized in that: The spindle box (1) is connected to the spindle top cover (36).

3. According to claim 1, a five-axis gantry embracing locking structure high torque high rigidity swing head, characterized in that: The left insertion wall (21) and the right insertion wall (22) are provided with insertion wall rear covers (37).

4. According to claim 1, a five-axis gantry embracing locking structure high torque high rigidity swing head, characterized in that: The central holes of the time grid encoder (5), the transmission shaft (3) and the encoder transmission inner ring (7) are connected to each other for wiring.

5. According to claim 1, a five-axis gantry embracing locking structure high torque high rigidity swing head, characterized in that: The right arm of the spindle box (1) is provided with a wire hole for routing, the C-axis box (4) is provided with a wire routing hole, and both sides of the A-axis side cover (33) and the plug-in wall rear cover (37) are provided with wire routing holes communicating therewith, and the line passes through both sides of the A-axis side cover (33), the plug-in wall rear cover (37), and the transmission shaft (3) in sequence to reach the top of the C-axis box (4).

6. According to claim 1, a five-axis gantry embracing locking structure high torque high rigidity swing head, characterized in that: The inner wall of the rotor support ring (24) and the outer wall of the expansion sleeve (34) are both provided with a taper.

Images