Ecological ditch combined water purification system
By designing an ecological ditches combined water purification system containing efficient purification modules and ecological purification modules, the problem of difficulty in effectively purifying farmland non-source pollution in the existing technology has been solved, and efficient purification and improvement of landscape effects have been achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422104830.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-20
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-29
AI Technical Summary
The existing ecological ditches are difficult to effectively purify pollutants in farmland non-source pollution and lack landscape effects.
Design an ecological ditch combination water purification system, including purification units arranged along the water flow direction, adsorption filter beds at the front and rear ends, and alternating arrangements of high-efficiency purification modules and ecological purification modules. The efficient purification module provides fish habitat and oxygen supply through suspended filler and aeration structures, while the ecological purification module implements physical filtration and biochemical treatment by planting water-propelled plants and water-treated composite filler layers.
This system not only improves the purification efficiency of the ditches, increases the biomass and landscape effect of the water body, but also enhances the ditches' sewage interception and pollution control capabilities, and promotes self-purification of the water body.
Smart Images
Figure CN223002834U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of ecological ditches, in particular to an ecological ditch combined water purification system. Background Technique
[0002] With the development of agriculture in China, the proportion of agricultural non-point source pollution in China's water pollution is increasing continuously. The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus brought by chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in agricultural production activities brings excessive nutrients to rivers and lakes, which is the main reason for agricultural non-point source pollution.
[0003] Ecological ditches are currently commonly used technologies for treating agricultural non-point source pollution. According to ecological principles, a variety of plants are configured in the ditches, and auxiliary engineering facilities such as permeable dams are configured in the ditches to intercept and adsorb substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body in the ditches, thereby purifying the water quality. At present, there are still "three-sided smooth" channels and "earth ditches" in existing ecological ditches, which are difficult to effectively purify and intercept pollutants in agricultural non-point source pollution.
[0004] Therefore, in order to reduce agricultural non-point source pollution, it is urgent to develop an ecological ditch combined water purification system with ecological functionality, which can effectively purify pollutants and at the same time have a certain landscape effect. Content of the Utility Model
[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide an ecological ditch combined water purification system, which can effectively purify pollutants and at the same time have a certain landscape effect.
[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following scheme:
[0007] The utility model provides an ecological ditch combined water purification system, which includes a plurality of purification units arranged along the direction perpendicular to the water flow direction, a front adsorption and filtration bed located on the upstream side of the plurality of purification units, and a rear adsorption and filtration bed located on the downstream side of the plurality of purification units;
[0008] The purification unit includes a high-efficiency purification module, a fixed pile and an ecological purification module; along the water flow direction, the ecological purification module and the high-efficiency purification module are alternately arranged at intervals, and the adjacent high-efficiency purification module and the ecological purification module are separated by the fixed pile;
[0009] The ecological purification module includes a first net cage, a first planting filler layer and a water treatment composite filler layer; the first planting filler layer is located on the upper side inside the first net cage, the water treatment composite filler layer is located on the lower side inside the first net cage, and the first planting filler layer and the water treatment composite filler layer are separated from each other by a separator; the first planting filler layer is used for planting emergent plants;
[0010] The efficient purification module includes a second net box, a support frame, an aeration structure, and a third net box arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the interior of the second net box is a second planting filler layer; several filler bags are suspended from top to bottom on the support frame; the aeration structure is located below the lowermost filler bag; the interior of the third net box is a counterweight layer, and the third net box is fixed to the bottom of the ditch through a first fixing member; the second planting filler layer is used for planting emergent plants.
[0011] Both the front adsorption and filtration bed and the rear adsorption and filtration bed include a slope and a slope protection net; the vertical surface of the slope abuts against the adjacent first net box, the slope protection net covers the inclined surface of the slope, the upper end of the slope protection net is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first net box, and the lower end of the slope protection net is fixed to the bottom of the ditch through a second fixing member.
[0012] Preferably, the slope includes pebbles and gravel, and the particle sizes of the pebbles and gravel on the slope are both 40 - 200 mm; the length of the slope along the water flow direction is 0.5 - 1.5 m, the height of the slope is 0.5 - 1.0 m, and the slope ratio of the slope is 1:1 - 1:1.5.
[0013] Preferably, the aperture of the slope protection net is 2 - 15 cm, the second fixing member is a U-shaped nail, the second fixing members are arranged in multiple rows, and multiple second fixing members in each row are arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the water flow. The distance between adjacent two rows of the second fixing members is not greater than 0.5 m, and the depth of the second fixing member inserted into the bottom of the ditch is not less than 0.5 m.
[0014] Preferably, the height of the first planting filler layer is not less than 0.10 m, and the spacer is a geotextile.
[0015] Preferably, the first planting filler layer includes a combination of at least two of ceramsite, volcanic rock, zeolite, and cinder.
[0016] Preferably, the water treatment composite filler layer includes biological sulfur-iron autotrophic denitrification and phosphorus removal microporous fillers, phosphorus removal molecular sieve fillers, modified volcanic rock, and gravel.
[0017] Preferably, the particle sizes of both the first planting filler layer and the water treatment composite filler layer are 3 - 5 cm.
[0018] Preferably, the first net box is a single-piece assembled steel wire cage net box, the wire diameter of the steel wire used for the first net box is not less than 3 mm, and the aperture of the first net box is 2 - 2.5 cm.
[0019] Preferably, the first fixing member is a U-shaped nail, and the first fixing members are arranged in multiple rows. A plurality of the first fixing members in each row are arranged at intervals in a direction perpendicular to the water flow. The distance between adjacent two rows of the first fixing members is not greater than 0.1 m, and the depth of insertion of the first fixing members into the bottom of the ditch is not less than 0.5 m; the counterweight layer includes pebbles, the diameter of the pebbles in the counterweight layer is 50-100 mm, the third cage is a wire cage, and the wire diameter of the wire used for the third cage is not less than 2 mm, and the mesh of the third cage is 20 mm×20 mm.
[0020] Preferably, the fixing pile is a pine pile, the diameter of the fixing pile is not less than 8 cm, and the depth of insertion of the fixing pile into the bottom of the ditch is not less than 1 m; along the direction perpendicular to the water flow, the center distance between adjacent two fixing piles is not greater than 0.3 m.
[0021] The present utility model has achieved the following technical effects compared with the prior art:
[0022] In the high-efficiency purification module, the second cage and the third cage are separated by a support frame. In the space provided by the support frame, the hanging packing can be used as a fish nest to provide a place for fish to inhabit, increase the aquatic biomass in the water body, and the aeration structure provides the required oxygen for the fish near the hanging packing. In addition, both the first planting packing layer and the second planting packing layer are used for planting emergent plants, and the nutrients rich in the water body are absorbed by the emergent plants, thereby reducing the nutrients in the water body while improving the landscape effect. This ecological ditch combined water purification system has good sewage interception and treatment capabilities, not only improves the purification efficiency of the ditch, but also increases the diversity of the ditch ecosystem. In addition, the ecological purification module has a water treatment composite packing layer, so that it not only has a good physical filtration effect and can effectively remove suspended particles and impurities in the water body, but also has a certain biochemical treatment effect and can promote the natural degradation of harmful microorganisms in the water body, improving the self-purification ability of the water body. Description of the Drawings
[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.
[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ecological ditch combined water purification system adopting a purification unit with one high-efficiency purification module;
[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ecological ditch combined water purification system adopting a purification unit with two high-efficiency purification modules;
[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram in a top view direction of an ecological ditch combined water purification system with three Figure 1 purification units in it;
[0027] Figure 4 A schematic diagram in a top view direction of an ecological ditch combined water purification system with two Figure 1 purification units in it;
[0028] Figure 5 A schematic diagram in a top view direction of an ecological ditch combined water purification system with two Figure 2 purification units in it.
[0029] In the figure:
[0030] 1 - Front - end adsorption and filtration bed; 2 - Ecological purification module; 3 - Fixed pile; 4 - High - efficiency purification module; 5 - Rear - end adsorption and filtration bed; 6 - Emergent plants;
[0031] 11 - Slope; 12 - Slope protection net; 13 - Second fixing part;
[0032] 21 - First net cage; 22 - First planting filler layer; 23 - Water treatment composite filler layer; 24 - Isolation part;
[0033] 41 - Second net cage; 42 - Support frame; 43 - Third net cage; 44 - Second planting filler layer; 45 - Filler bag; 46 - Counterweight layer; 47 - First fixing part. Detailed implementation manners
[0034] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0035] To make the above - mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.
[0036] Referring to Figures 1 to 5 , this embodiment provides an ecological ditch combined water purification system, including a plurality of purification units arranged along the direction perpendicular to the water flow direction, a front - end adsorption and filtration bed 1 located on the upstream side of the plurality of purification units, and a rear - end adsorption and filtration bed 5 located on the downstream side of the plurality of purification units.
[0037] The purification unit includes an ecological purification module 2, a fixing pile 3, and a high-efficiency purification module 4. In this embodiment, the upper ends of the ecological purification module 2, the high-efficiency purification module 4, the front adsorption and filtration bed 1, and the rear adsorption and filtration bed 5 are at the same height. Along the water flow direction, the ecological purification module 2 and the high-efficiency purification module 4 are arranged alternately at intervals, and the adjacent ecological purification module 2 and high-efficiency purification module 4 are separated by the fixing pile 3.
[0038] The ecological purification module 2 includes a first net cage 21, a first planting filler layer 22, and a water treatment composite filler layer 23. The first planting filler layer 22 is located on the upper side inside the first net cage 21, and the water treatment composite filler layer 23 is located on the lower side inside the first net cage 21. The first planting filler layer 22 and the water treatment composite filler layer 23 are separated from each other by a separator 24. The first planting filler layer 22 is used for planting emergent plants 6.
[0039] The high-efficiency purification module 4 includes a second net cage 41, a support frame 42, an aeration structure (not shown in the figure), and a third net cage 43 arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The inside of the second net cage 41 is a second planting filler layer 44. A number of filler bags 45 are suspended from top to bottom on the support frame 42. The aeration structure is located below the lowermost filler bag 45. The inside of the third net cage 43 is a counterweight layer 46, and the third net cage 43 is fixed to the bottom of the ditch by a first fixing member 47. The second planting filler layer 44 is used for planting emergent plants 6. Exemplarily, an aerator can be installed on the bank of the river channel and connected to the structure through a pipeline.
[0040] Both the front adsorption and filtration bed 1 and the rear adsorption and filtration bed 5 include a slope 11 and a slope protection net 12. The vertical surface of the slope 11 abuts against the adjacent first net cage 21, and the slope protection net 12 covers the inclined surface of the slope 11. The upper end of the slope protection net 12 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first net cage 21, and the lower end of the slope protection net 12 is fixed to the bottom of the ditch by a second fixing member 13.
[0041] The working principle of the ecological ditch combined water purification system in this embodiment is as follows:
[0042] In the efficient purification module 4 of this embodiment, the second net cage 41 and the third net cage 43 are separated by the support frame 42. In the space provided by the support frame 42, the hanging fillers can serve as fish nests, providing a place for fish to inhabit, increasing the aquatic biomass in the water body, and the aeration structure provides the required oxygen for the fish near the hanging fillers. In addition, both the first planting filler layer 22 and the second planting filler layer 44 are used to plant emergent plants 6, and the nutrients rich in the water body are absorbed by the emergent plants 6, thereby reducing the water body nutrients while improving the landscape effect. This ecological ditch combined water purification system has good sewage interception and treatment capabilities, not only improving the purification efficiency of the ditch, but also increasing the diversity of the ditch ecosystem. In addition, the ecological purification module 2 has a water treatment composite filler layer 23, making it not only have a good physical filtration effect, effectively removing suspended particles and impurities in the water body, but also having a certain biochemical treatment effect, promoting the natural degradation of harmful microorganisms in the water body, and improving the self-purification ability of the water body.
[0043] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the slope 11 includes pebbles and gravel, and the particle sizes of the pebbles and gravel in the slope 11 are both 40 - 200 mm. The length of the slope 11 along the water flow direction is 0.5 - 1.5 m, the height of the slope 11 is 0.5 - 1.0 m, and the slope ratio of the slope 11 is 1:1 - 1:1.5.
[0044] Exemplarily, the length of the slope 11 along the water flow direction is 0.6 m, the height is 0.6 m, and the slope ratio of the slope 11 is 1:1. The particle sizes of the pebbles and gravel in the slope 11 are 40 - 80 mm.
[0045] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the aperture of the slope protection net 12 is 2 - 15 cm, the second fixing member 13 is a U-shaped nail, the second fixing members 13 are arranged in multiple rows, and multiple second fixing members 13 in each row are arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the water flow. The distance between adjacent two rows of second fixing members 13 is not greater than 0.5 m, and the depth of the second fixing members 13 inserted into the bottom of the ditch is not less than 0.5 m.
[0046] Exemplarily, the aperture of the slope protection net 12 is 2 cm, the distance between adjacent two rows of second fixing members 13 is 0.5 m, and the depth of the second fixing members 13 inserted into the bottom of the ditch is 0.5 m.
[0047] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the height of the first planting filler layer 22 is not less than 0.10 m, and the spacer 24 is a geotextile. The number of layers of the geotextile arranged can be selected according to needs, for example, two layers are arranged.
[0048] Exemplarily, the thickness of the first planting filler layer 22 is 0.1 m, and the thickness of the water treatment composite filler layer 23 is 0.5 m.
[0049] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the first planting filler layer 22 comprises a combination of at least two of ceramsite, volcanic rock, zeolite, and cinder. For example, a combination of ceramsite, volcanic rock, and zeolite, or a combination of ceramsite and cinder.
[0050] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the water treatment composite filler layer 23 comprises biological sulfur-iron autotrophic denitrification and phosphorus removal microporous fillers, phosphorus removal molecular sieve fillers, modified volcanic rock, and gravel. The particle size of each type of filler in the water treatment composite filler layer 23 is 2.5 - 5 cm.
[0051] Exemplarily, the specific components of the biological sulfur-iron autotrophic denitrification and phosphorus removal microporous fillers, phosphorus removal molecular sieve fillers, modified volcanic rock, and gravel are (by volume ratio): 15:2:15:8.
[0052] Exemplarily, the specific components of the biological sulfur-iron autotrophic denitrification and phosphorus removal microporous fillers, phosphorus removal molecular sieve fillers, modified volcanic rock, and gravel are (by volume ratio): 10:1:19:20.
[0053] Exemplarily, the specific components of the biological sulfur-iron autotrophic denitrification and phosphorus removal microporous fillers, phosphorus removal molecular sieve fillers, modified volcanic rock, and gravel are (by volume ratio): 15:2:15:8.
[0054] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the particle sizes of both the first planting filler layer 22 and the water treatment composite filler layer 23 are 3 - 5 cm.
[0055] Exemplarily, the particle size of each component of the first planting filler layer 22 is 2.5 - 5 cm. The particle size of each type of filler in the water treatment composite filler layer 23 is 2.5 - 5 cm.
[0056] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the first cage 21 is a single-piece assembled steel wire cage, the wire diameter of the steel wire used for the first cage 21 is not less than 3 mm, and the aperture of the first cage 21 is 2 - 2.5 cm.
[0057] Exemplarily, the wire diameter of the steel wire used for the first cage 21 is 3 mm, and the aperture of the cage is 2 cm.
[0058] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the first fixing member 47 is a U-shaped nail, the first fixing members 47 are arranged in multiple rows, and the multiple first fixing members 47 in each row are arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the water flow. The distance between adjacent two rows of first fixing members 47 is not greater than 0.1 m, and the depth of insertion of the first fixing members 47 into the bottom of the ditch is not less than 0.5 m. The counterweight layer 46 comprises pebbles, the diameter of the pebbles in the counterweight layer 46 is 50 - 100 mm, the third cage 43 is a steel wire cage, the wire diameter of the steel wire used for the third cage 43 is not less than 2 mm, and the aperture of the third cage 43 is 1.5 - 3 cm.
[0059] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the fixed pile 3 is a pine pile, the diameter of the fixed pile 3 is not less than 8 cm, and the depth of the fixed pile 3 inserted into the bottom of the ditch is not less than 1 m. Along the direction perpendicular to the water flow, the center distance between two adjacent fixed piles 3 is not greater than 0.3 m.
[0060] Exemplarily, the diameter of the fixed pile 3 is 8 cm, and the depth of the fixed pile 3 inserted into the bottom of the ditch is not less than 1 m. Along the direction perpendicular to the water flow, the center distance between two adjacent fixed piles 3 is 0.24 m.
[0061] Exemplarily, the diameter of the fixed pile 3 is 16 cm, and the depth of the fixed pile 3 inserted into the bottom of the ditch is not less than 1.5 m. Along the direction perpendicular to the water flow, the center distance between two adjacent fixed piles 3 is 0.3 m.
[0062] As a possible example, in this embodiment, the thickness of the second planting filler layer 44 is 0.1 m, and the support frame 42 is welded by square steel. The filler in the filler pack 45 is carbon fiber filler, elastic filler, semi-soft filler, biological rope, etc. On the support frame 42, a plurality of filler packs 45 are suspended along the vertical direction, and the plurality of filler packs 45 are arranged at equal intervals along the vertical direction.
[0063] As a possible example, in this embodiment, since the high-efficiency purification module 4 includes multiple parts from top to bottom, in order to improve the integrity, the upper end of the support frame 42 is bundled and connected to the second net box 41, and the lower end of the support frame 42 is bundled and connected to the third net box 43.
[0064] Exemplarily, the above bundling method is double-wire winding using a steel wire with a diameter of 2 mm.
[0065] In the present utility model, specific examples are used to illustrate the principle and implementation manner of the present utility model. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present utility model; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present utility model, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model.
Claims
1. An ecological ditch combined water purification system, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of purification units arranged perpendicular to the water flow direction, a front-end adsorption filter bed located at the upstream side of the plurality of purification units, and a rear-end adsorption filter bed located at the downstream side of the plurality of purification units; The purification unit includes a high-efficiency purification module, a fixed pile and an ecological purification module; along the water flow direction, the ecological purification module and the high-efficiency purification module are arranged alternately and spaced apart, and the adjacent high-efficiency purification module and the ecological purification module are separated by the fixed pile; The ecological purification module comprises a first net box, a first planting filler layer and a water treatment composite filler layer; the first planting filler layer is located on the upper side of the first net box, the water treatment composite filler layer is located on the lower side of the first net box, and the first planting filler layer and the water treatment composite filler layer are separated from each other by a spacer; the first planting filler layer is used for planting emergent plants; The high-efficiency purification module comprises a second net box, a support frame, an aeration structure and a third net box arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the second net box has a second planting filler layer inside; a plurality of filler bags are suspended on the support frame from top to bottom; the aeration structure is located at the lower side of the filler bag at the lowest end; the third net box has a counterweight layer inside, and the third net box is fixed to the bottom of the ditch by a first fixing member; the second planting filler layer is used to plant emergent plants; The front-end adsorption filter bed and the rear-end adsorption filter bed both include a slope and a slope protection net; the vertical surface of the slope is against the adjacent first mesh box, the slope protection net covers the inclined surface of the slope, the upper end of the slope protection net is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first mesh box, and the lower end of the slope protection net is fixed to the bottom of the ditch by a second fixing member.
2. The ecological ditch combined water purification system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The slope includes pebbles and gravels, and the particle sizes of the pebbles and gravels of the slope are both 40-200 mm; the length of the slope along the water flow direction is 0.5-1.5 m, the height of the slope is 0.5-1.0 m, and the slope ratio of the slope is 1:1-1:1.
5.
3. The ecological ditch combined water purification system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The aperture of the slope protection net is 2 to 15 cm, the second fixing parts are U-shaped nails, the second fixing parts are arranged in multiple rows, and the multiple second fixing parts in each row are arranged at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the water flow. The spacing between two adjacent rows of the second fixing parts is not greater than 0.5 m, and the depth of the second fixing parts inserted into the bottom of the ditch is not less than 0.5 m.
4. The ecological ditch combined water purification system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The height of the first planting filler layer is not less than 0.10m, and the isolation element is a geotextile.
5. The ecological ditch combined water purification system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The first planting filler layer includes a combination of at least two of ceramsite, volcanic rock, zeolite and coal slag.
6. The ecological ditch combined water purification system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water treatment composite filler layer comprises biological sulfur-iron autotrophic nitrogen and phosphorus removal microporous filler, phosphorus removal molecular sieve filler, modified volcanic rock and gravel.
7. The ecological ditch combined water purification system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The particle sizes of the first planting filler layer and the water treatment composite filler layer are both 3-5 cm.
8. The ecological ditch combined water purification system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The first mesh box is a single-piece assembled steel wire cage mesh box, the wire diameter of the steel wire used in the first mesh box is not less than 3 mm, and the aperture of the first mesh box is 2 to 2.5 cm.
9. The ecological ditch combined water purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fixing member is a U-shaped nail, and the first fixing member is arranged in multiple rows. The multiple first fixing members in each row are arranged at intervals in a direction perpendicular to the water flow, and the spacing between two adjacent rows of the first fixing members is not greater than 0.1m. The depth of the first fixing member inserted into the bottom of the ditch is not less than 0.5m; the counterweight layer includes pebbles, and the diameter of the pebbles in the counterweight layer is 50 to 100mm. The third mesh box is a wire cage mesh box, and the wire diameter of the steel wire used in the third mesh box is not less than 2mm, and the mesh of the third mesh box is 20mm×20mm.
10. The ecological ditch combined water purification system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The fixing piles are pine wood piles, the diameter of the fixing piles is not less than 8 cm, and the depth of the fixing piles inserted into the bottom of the ditch is not less than 1 m; along the direction perpendicular to the water flow, the center distance between two adjacent fixing piles is not more than 0.3 m.