High-simulation full-automatic pericardium puncture surgery skill training and examining equipment under ultrasonic guidance

Abstract

A high-simulation full-automatic pericardium puncture surgery skill training and examining device under ultrasonic guidance comprises a high-simulation human body model, a simulation hydropericardium bag, a simulation heart, a microcomputer controller, a high-simulation cardiac pulsation device and an automatic hydropericardium supplementing device. The simulated human body model is characterized in that the simulated skin, the simulated hydropericardium sac and the simulated heart in the precardiac area of the simulated human body model are molded and manufactured by adopting organic material molds which are equal in density and accord with acoustic characteristic impedance in acoustic parameters of a human body, high-simulation heart rhythmic pulsation is automatically generated, hydropericardium is automatically supplemented, and the human body is simulated. When a real diasonograph is used for scanning, rhythmic pulsation of the simulated heart, color Doppler blood flow display and a liquid dark area of hydropericardium can be displayed on a display screen. Pericardial effusion puncture is carried out under ultrasonic guidance, the puncture position and the puncture direction can be accurately determined, the device is used for training and examining pericardial puncture skills under ultrasonic guidance by medical colleges and medical staff, and the training and examining effects of the pericardial puncture skills are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of medical education equipment, and more specifically, to a highly simulated fully automatic ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis surgical skill training and assessment device. Background Art

[0002] In clinical medical work, pericardiocentesis is an important method for diagnosing and rescuing critically ill patients with pericardial effusion. The traditional skill training method is that experienced professional technicians conduct "teaching, helping, and guiding" for novices during the process of rescuing patients. This operation is an invasive surgery with extremely high surgical risks. In recent years, due to the enhancement of people's legal awareness and self-protection concepts, they are unwilling to let novices operate. Novices' unskilled operation is likely to cause pain to patients and may lead to serious medical accidents such as cardiac arrest or even patient death. For this reason, someone has developed a utility model patent for a pericardiocentesis training model, CN201120550420.9; a utility model patent for a pericardiocentesis training model with convenient clamping of the liquid sac, CN201820708307.0; a utility model patent CN202122190411.X. However, during the puncture training of these patents, since it is invisible to the naked eye, the puncture positioning is inaccurate and the puncture direction will also deviate, which affects the training effect of pericardiocentesis surgical skills. For a practice model of ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis, utility model patent CN202021210466.1, although it can perform ultrasound positioning, it is not a highly simulated human model, and the cardiac pulsation cannot be seen at all under ultrasound, and there is a large gap from the ultrasound images of real patients. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a highly simulated fully automatic ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis surgical skill training and assessment device that can display the echocardiogram of cardiac pulsation and ultrasonic Doppler blood flow on the ultrasound display screen and can conduct pericardiocentesis surgical skill training and assessment under ultrasound guidance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the invention of the utility model is to provide a highly simulated fully automatic ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis skill training and assessment device, which is used in medical colleges and hospitals to conduct ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis skill training and assessment for medical students and medical staff. When using a real ultrasound diagnostic instrument for scanning, the rhythmic pulsation of the simulated heart, color Doppler blood flow image, and the liquid dark area of pericardial effusion can be displayed on the display screen. Pericardial effusion puncture can be performed under ultrasound guidance, and the puncture position and direction can be accurately determined, significantly improving the training and assessment effect of pericardiocentesis skills.

[0004] The invention of the utility model solves the problem of the lack of a highly simulated fully automatic device for ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis training and assessment, filling the gap in the world's medical education equipment.

[0005] A high-fidelity fully automatic ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis surgical skill training and assessment device, which includes: a high-fidelity human model, a simulated pericardial effusion sac, a simulated heart, a microcomputer controller, a high-fidelity heart pulsation device, and an automatic pericardial effusion replenishment device. It is characterized in that: the high-fidelity human model (1) has a simulated skin (2-1), subcutaneous soft tissue (3), a simulated head and neck (4), a chest (5), and an abdomen (6); the chest (5) is provided with bone marks such as the clavicle (7), ribs (8), sternum (9), and xiphoid process (10); the limbs include the upper part of the upper limb (11) and the upper part of the thigh (12); on the back (13) of the high-fidelity human model (1), a semi-recumbent bracket (14) is provided and supported on a flat plate (15); on the pericardiocentesis local area of the precordial region of the chest (5) of the high-fidelity human model (1), a replaceable precordial simulated skin (2-2) is provided, which is pasted around by a sticky spring (NH), and on the ribs (8) of the precordial region of the chest (5), the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) is fixed by four screws or buckles in the up, down, left, and right directions; the wall thickness of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) is 5-7 mm, and the simulated pericardial effusion sac is in the shape of a triangular flask, and four film fixing pads (17-1 - 17-4) for convenient fixation are provided on its up, down, left, and right sides; on the lower right side of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16), a pericardial effusion input tube (18) for injecting simulated pericardial effusion (JY) into the sac is provided; on the upper side of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16), a first pericardial effusion return tube (19-1) is provided. The simulated heart (20) is similar in appearance to the human anatomical heart, the wall thickness of the simulated heart (20) is 5-7 mm, and a simulated heart blood input tube (21-1) is provided on the upper part, which penetrates out of the upper right side of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) in a sealed manner. The simulated heart blood input tube (21-1) is connected to a first one-way check valve (F-1) that simulates the function of the heart atrioventricular valve and only opens in the direction of the heart ventricle to input simulated blood (XY); the other end of the first one-way check valve (F-1) is connected to a long simulated heart blood input tube (21-2), and a simulated heart blood output tube (22-1) is also provided on the upper part of the simulated heart (20); a second one-way check valve (F-2) that simulates the function of the aortic valve and only opens in the direction of flowing out of the heart is connected, and the other end of the second one-way check valve (F-2) is connected to a long simulated heart blood output tube (22-2). The microcomputer controller is a rectifier power supply (DC), a microcomputer heart pulsation frequency control module (24), a device for high-fidelity fully automatic simulated heart pulsation, and a simulated pericardial effusion automatic replenishment device are provided in the microcomputer controller chassis (23); on the chassis panel (25), a heart pulsation button (K1) with an indicator light, a digital screen (26) for displaying the heart pulsation frequency, a speed control knob (28) of the motor speed regulator (27), a digital tube (29) for displaying the speed control efficiency of 0-99%, and a supplementary pericardial effusion button (K2) with an indicator light, a pericardial effusion overflow observation tube (30), and a liquid level gauge (31) are provided;The device for highly simulated full-automatic analog cardiac pulsation is arranged inside the microcomputer controller chassis (23). A reduction motor (32) controlled by a motor speed regulator (27) has a machine shaft connected to a crank (33), which is connected to a sliding rod (35) through a connecting rod (34). The sliding rod is inserted into a linear bearing (37) fixed on a first vertical plate (36). The end of the sliding rod is connected to the proximal end of a retractable folding bladder (38). The distal end of the retractable folding bladder (38) is provided with two joint pipe fittings fixed on a second vertical plate (39). The retractable folding bladder is connected through a first joint pipe fitting (GJ-1) and is connected to a blood storage bottle (41) through an analog blood input pipe (40). The blood storage bottle (41) is provided with a blood bottle injection pipe (43) with a first water stop clamp (42-1) and a blood bottle overflow pipe (44) leading to the outside of the chassis (23). The second joint pipe fitting (GJ-2) is connected to a folding bladder analog blood output pipe (45). The analog blood output pipe (45) is connected to the joint pipe fitting (JTG) on one side of the body of a highly simulated human model (1) through the joint pipe fitting (JTG) of the microcomputer controller chassis (23). The long analog cardiac blood input pipe (21-2) of the simulated heart (20) is connected to the analog cardiac blood input pipe (21-1) through a first one-way check valve (F-1) that simulates the function of the cardiac atrioventricular valve and only opens towards the cardiac ventricle. The analog cardiac blood output pipe (22-1) passing through the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) is connected to the long analog cardiac blood output pipe (22-2) through a second one-way check valve (F-2) that simulates the function of the aortic valve and only opens towards the direction of blood flowing out of the heart. The analog blood return pipe (46) between the microcomputer controller chassis (23) and the highly simulated human model (1) is connected through the joint pipe fitting (JTG) of the chassis (23), and is connected to the blood storage bottle blood return pipe (47) inside the microcomputer controller chassis (23) through the joint pipe fitting (JTG). A magnet sheet (48) is arranged in the middle of the retractable folding bladder (38), and a Hall sensor proximity switch (49) is arranged nearby. It is connected to a microcomputer cardiac pulsation frequency control module (24) inside the controller chassis (23) through a signal line (50), and then connected to a digital screen (26) that displays the cardiac pulsation frequency through a data line. The simulated pericardial effusion automatic replenishment device is that the input pipe (52) of a micro peristaltic pump (51) arranged inside the microcomputer controller chassis (23) is connected to a liquid storage bottle (54) storing simulated pericardial effusion (JY). The liquid storage bottle (54) is communicated with a liquid level gauge (31) on the chassis panel 25, and is provided with a liquid storage bottle injection pipe (55) with a second water stop clamp (42-2) and a liquid storage bottle overflow pipe (56) leading to the outside of the microcomputer controller chassis (23). The pump output pipe (57) is connected to the joint pipe fitting (JTG) of the microcomputer controller chassis (23). It is connected to an analog pericardial effusion input pipe (18) through the joint pipe fitting (JTG) on one side of the highly simulated human model (1).The first pericardial effusion return tube (19-1) of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) passes through the joint pipe fitting (JTG), and the second pericardial effusion return tube (19-2) connecting the microcomputer controller chassis (23) passes through the pericardial effusion overflow observation tube (30) on the chassis panel (25). The lower end of the pericardial effusion overflow observation tube (30) enters the microcomputer controller chassis (23) through the joint pipe fitting (JTG) and is connected to the liquid storage bottle (54) through the third simulated pericardial effusion return tube (19-3). The easily replaceable anterior chest simulation skin (2-2) of the high-fidelity human model (1), the sac wall (NB) of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16), and the heart wall (XB) of the simulated heart (20) are all made by molding with an organic material mold that has basically the same density as real human tissue, and conform to the real human acoustic characteristic impedance in the acoustic parameters.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Pericardiocentesis skill training and assessment can be carried out under ultrasonic guidance. The ultrasonic screen can display the liquid dark area of pericardial effusion and the rhythmic pulsation of the simulated heart, and color Doppler blood flow display can also be seen. When performing pericardial effusion puncture under ultrasonic guidance, the puncture position and correct puncture direction can be accurately determined, significantly improving the effect of skill training and assessment. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0007] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings in conjunction with the specification.

[0008] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 2 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the high-fidelity human model of the present invention.

[0010] Figure 3 It is a left view structural schematic diagram of the high-fidelity human model of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 4 It is a local cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of pericardiocentesis of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the simulated pericardial effusion sac and the simulated heart of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the high-fidelity fully automatic simulated heart pulsation device of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the automatic supplementary simulated pericardial effusion device of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the microcomputer controller of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 9Schematic diagram of the control circuit principle of the present invention Detailed implementation manner

[0017] The simulation skin 2-1 of the high-fidelity human body model 1 of the present invention is made by molding high-quality PVC or addition-curing silicone rubber with a certain density in a mold. The simulated subcutaneous soft tissue 2 is made by foaming PU in a mold; the bones 3 are made by molding rigid PVC or unsaturated resin in a mold. The simulation skin 2-2 in the precordial area is made by molding with a liquid silicone rubber mold with a density of 1.0. The pericardial sac 16 simulating pericardial effusion and the simulated heart 20 are both made by injecting a thermoplastic elastomer TPE with an acoustic characteristic impedance and a density similar to that of the human body, i.e., a density of 1.0, into a metal mold and molding at 180 °C in a plastic coating machine; the sac is fixed on the ribs 8 in the precordial area by screws or buckles through four convenient fixing film pads 17-1 - 17-4; the simulated pericardial effusion is made by adding 1% sodium benzoate to pure water; the simulated blood can be made by dissolving 0.2 - 0.5% pigment in pure water; other components are available in the market. Among them, the reduction motor 26 uses a reduction motor with 24V 50W 100 r / min, the micro peristaltic pump 35 uses 24V or 12V 5W, and the chip of the microcomputer heart pulsation module 51 uses a 51 single-chip microcomputer. Prepare various components, assemble them according to the instructions with reference to the attached drawings, and it can be used after debugging. First, the preparation work should be done: Before use, place the high-fidelity human body model 1 and the microcomputer controller chassis 19 on the experimental table or medical bed, place the high-fidelity human body model 1 in a semi-recumbent position, and the bracket 1) provided on the back 13 of the model is supported on the flat plate 15; insert the power input plug of the microcomputer controller chassis 19 into the 220V power socket. Place the ultrasonic diagnostic instrument near the experimental table or medical bed; prepare the items for pericardiocentesis; use a large syringe to draw the simulated blood and inject the simulated blood from the blood bottle injection tube 43 connecting to the blood storage bottle 41 into the blood storage bottle 41 until the simulated blood overflows from the blood bottle overflow tube 44, indicating that it is full. At this time, clamp the water stop clip 42-1; use a large syringe or infusion set to inject the simulated pericardial effusion from the injection tube 55 connecting to the liquid storage bottle 54 into the liquid storage bottle 54 until the simulated pericardial effusion overflows from the liquid storage bottle overflow tube 56, indicating that it is full. At this time, clamp the second water stop clip 42-2.Usage method and working principle of a highly simulated full-automatic simulated heart pulsation device: Press the heart pulsation button K1 with an indicator light set on the panel 25 of the microcomputer controller chassis 23, and the indicator light lights up. The deceleration motor 32 is powered on and runs. The machine shaft drives the crank 33, and the sliding rod 35 connected through the connecting rod 34 slides in the linear bearing 37 inserted and fixed on the first vertical plate 36, converting the rotational motion of the motor into a linear reciprocating motion, driving the telescopic folding bladder 38 to continuously alternate between elongation - folding retraction - elongation - folding retraction. When the bladder elongates, the volume of the bladder increases to form a negative pressure, and simulated blood is drawn from the blood storage bottle 41 connected to the simulated blood input tube 40 of the folding bladder 38 to fill the bladder cavity. When the crank 33 rotates 180°, the sliding rod in the linear bearing 31 slides forward through the sliding rod 35 connected by the connecting rod 34, pushing the telescopic folding bladder 38 towards the second vertical plate 39. The volume of the folding bladder decreases significantly and a strong pressure is formed to simulate and squeeze the simulated blood injected into the bladder into the folding bladder simulated blood output tube (45 - 1) connected to the second joint fitting, through the joint fitting JTG of the chassis 23 to the chassis simulated blood output tube 45 - 2, enters the simulated heart blood input tube 21 - 1 in the simulated heart 20 on one side of the body of the highly simulated human model 1 through the joint fitting JTG, and enters the simulated heart 20 through the one-way check valve F1 simulating the valve function of the simulated heart atrioventricular valve, filling the simulated heart 20 with the simulated blood XY. Since about 50 ml of the simulated blood XY increases in the heart, the pressure in the heart increases, forcing the elastic wall of the simulated heart 16 to expand and store elastic potential energy. Then, when the crank 33 rotates another 180° and the connecting rod 31 drives the sliding rod 32 to slide backward, the bladder is pulled in the direction opposite to the second vertical plate 39, causing the volume of the compressed bladder to return to form a negative pressure, and the elastic potential energy stored in the wall of the expanded simulated heart 20 is released. The negative pressure suction effect of the folding bladder plus the superposition effect of the strong pressure formed by the elastic retraction of the expanded heart forces the increased approximately 50 ml of simulated blood XY filled in the heart cavity to pass through the heart simulated blood output tube 21 - 1, the one-way check valve F2 simulating the valve function of the simulated aortic valve, through the heart simulated blood output tube 21 - 2, then through the joint fitting JTG of the chassis, the simulated blood return tube 39 between the chassis 23 and the highly simulated human model 1, enters the chassis 23 through the joint fitting JTG, and flows back into the blood storage bottle 41 through the blood storage bottle blood return tube 47; the deceleration motor 32 drives the crank 33, connecting rod 34, sliding rod 35, and folding bladder 38... to make the simulated heart 20 expand - retract - expand again - retract again, making the simulated heart 20 move, forming a very realistic heart pulsation. When the heart probe 59 of the ultrasonic diagnostic instrument 58 scans the precordial area of the highly simulated human model 1, the pulsation of the simulated heart 20 can be seen on the display screen 60, and color Doppler blood flow display can also be seen.While watching the display screen 60 according to teaching needs, the operating speed of the reduction motor 26 can be adjusted by turning the speed adjustment knob 28 of the motor speed regulator 27. When turning the knob 28 clockwise, the digital tube 29 showing the speed regulation efficiency of 0-99% shows an increase in digits, and the operating speed of the motor increases, resulting in an increase in the simulated heart beat frequency. When turning counterclockwise, the operating speed slows down, resulting in a decrease in the simulated heart beat frequency. Since a magnet sheet 48 is provided in the middle of the retractable and foldable bladder 38, when the bladder expands and contracts driven by the reduction motor 26, the magnet sheet 48 approaches the Hall sensor proximity switch 49 provided nearby once every time it expands and contracts. The triggered signal is transmitted through the signal line 50 to the microcomputer heart beat module 51 in the microcomputer controller chassis 23. This module issues an instruction and transmits it through the data line to the digital screen 22 showing the pulse rate to display the beat frequency of the simulated heart 20 in real time. Usage method and working principle of the automatic supplementary simulated pericardial effusion device: Press the automatic supplementary pericardial effusion button K2 with an indicator light set on the panel 25 of the microcomputer controller chassis 23. When the peristaltic pump 52 operates, the input pipe 53 of the pump extracts the simulated pericardial effusion JY from the connected liquid storage bottle 54, and passes through the output pipe 57 of the pump, through the connector fitting JTG in the chassis 23 and the connector fitting JTG on one side of the high-fidelity human model 1, and enters the simulated pericardial effusion input pipe 53 in the chest 5 to continuously inject the simulated pericardial effusion JY into the simulated pericardial effusion bladder 16. After filling the pericardial bladder with the simulated pericardial effusion JY, the continuously injected simulated pericardial effusion JY passes through the first pericardial effusion return pipe 19-1 on the upper side of the bladder, through the connector fitting JTG on one side of the high-fidelity human model 1, enters the second pericardial effusion return pipe 19-2 outside the chassis 23, flows into the pericardial effusion overflow observation dropper 30 provided on the chassis panel 20 connected to the connector fitting JTG, and then enters the chassis 23 through the connector fitting JTG and returns to the liquid storage bottle 54 through the third simulated pericardial effusion return pipe 19-3. When it is observed that there is liquid dripping out of the pericardial effusion overflow observation tube 30, it indicates that the simulated pericardial effusion bladder 16 has been filled, and at this time, the supplementary pericardial effusion key K2 can be turned off. For ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis, the simulated pericardial effusion JY in the simulated pericardial effusion bladder 16 will necessarily decrease, and the key K2 can be operated at any time according to the actual situation to automatically supplement the simulated pericardial effusion JY. When the liquid level of the liquid level gauge 30 connected to the liquid storage bottle 54 drops to 20%, a large syringe or infusion set should be used to supplement and inject through the injection pipe 55 with the first water stop clamp 42-1 opened. Method and working principle of ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis skill training assessment: Since the densities P of the simulated human tissue, simulated blood, simulated pericardial effusion, and stainless steel puncture needle are different, and the sound velocities C (i.e., the propagation speed of sound waves in the medium) m / s of different tissues and liquids are also different, the acoustic characteristic impedance is necessarily different (the acoustic characteristic impedance is abbreviated as acoustic impedance). The acoustic characteristic impedance Z is equal to the product of density and sound velocity g / (cm. 2When two objects with different acoustic impedances come into contact, an interface is formed. All kinds of echo images in the sonogram are mainly caused by the difference in acoustic impedance. Among them, liquids such as simulated blood and simulated pericardial effusion form an interface-free area, and the sonogram shows a liquid dark area. The puncture needle is made of stainless steel with a density of 7.93, forming a strong echo with a "comet tail sign". Since the simulated heart 16 of the present invention can automatically simulate the blood flow in and out of the heart, when the probe is scanning, the relative movement between the ultrasonic probe and the blood flow generates the Doppler effect, forming a color Doppler blood flow image, which can not only clearly understand the shape and activity of the simulated heart, but also visually display the blood flow direction, velocity and range. According to the operation routine, wear "sterilized" gloves to simulate disinfection. Use the ultrasonic diagnostic instrument 58 to hold the heart probe 59 with the non-dominant hand (usually the left hand). According to the clinical operation routine, scan the precordial area of the high-fidelity human model 1. The rhythmic pulsation of the simulated heart 16 can be seen on the display screen 60, and the color Doppler heart blood flow display can also be seen. A slightly triangular liquid dark area formed by the simulated pericardial effusion JY in the simulated pericardial effusion sac around the heart can be seen. Under ultrasonic guidance, hold the pericardiocentesis needle with the dominant hand (usually the right hand) and puncture into the liquid dark area at the left side of the 5th-6th intercostal space 8 outside the midclavicular line of the sternum 9 or at the left-lower part of the xiphoid process 10. Since the puncture needle is made of stainless steel with a density as high as 7.93, a strong echo with a "comet tail sign" is displayed on the display screen. During the needle insertion process, the direction of needle insertion can be accurately grasped under ultrasonic guidance. When there is a breakthrough feeling during the puncture process, remove the stylet of the puncture needle, and the simulated pericardial effusion JY will overflow. At this time, replace it with a syringe to draw out the simulated pericardial effusion JY, and a guide wire can be implanted. Then, insert a central venous catheter for pericardial effusion drainage. The skill assessment is judged to be qualified. If the drawn out is simulated blood XY, it means that the puncture needle has penetrated into the simulated heart 20, and it is judged to be unqualified. Since it is very easy to accurately determine the puncture site and puncture direction under ultrasonic guidance, the success rate of pericardiocentesis is significantly improved, and the training effect of the skill training and assessment of implanting a drainage catheter during pericardiocentesis is greatly improved. Since the pericardial sac 20 of the present invention is made of a highly elastic organic glue material, the needle hole of the simulated pericardial sac 20 will elastically retract and automatically seal after puncture, and there is no leakage after hundreds of punctures. When the pericardial sac 20 is severely damaged and cannot be used, the back plate of the high-fidelity human model 1 can be opened to replace the spare parts, greatly extending the service life.

Claims

1. A high-fidelity fully automatic ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis surgical skill training and assessment device, which comprises: High-fidelity human body model, simulated pericardial effusion sac, simulated heart, microcomputer controller, high-fidelity heart pulsation device, automatic pericardial effusion replenishing device, characterized in that: the high-fidelity human body model (1) has a simulated skin (2-1), subcutaneous soft tissue (3), simulated head and neck (4), chest (5), abdomen (6); the chest (5) is provided with skeletal landmarks such as the collarbone (7), ribs (8), sternum (9), xiphoid process (10), etc.; the limbs include the upper part of the upper limb (11) and the upper part of the thigh (12); on the back (13) of the high-fidelity human body model (1), a semi-recumbent bracket (14) is provided to support on a flat plate (15); at the local pericardiocentesis area of the precordial region of the chest (5) of the high-fidelity human body model (1), a replaceable precordial simulated skin (2-2) is provided, which is pasted around by a sticky spring (NH), and on the ribs (8) of the precordial region of the chest (5), a simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) is fixed by four screws or buckles in the up, down, left and right directions; the wall thickness of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) is 5-7 mm, and the simulated pericardial effusion sac is in the shape of a triangular flask, and four film fixing pads (17-1 - 17-4) for convenient fixation are provided on its up, down, left and right sides; on the lower right side of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16), a pericardial effusion input tube (18) for injecting simulated pericardial effusion (JY) into the sac is provided; on the upper side of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16), a first pericardial effusion return tube (19-1) is provided, the appearance of the simulated heart (20) is similar to that of the human anatomical heart, the wall thickness of the simulated heart (20) is 5-7 mm, and a simulated heart blood input tube (21-1) is provided at the upper part, which penetrates out of the upper right side of the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) in a sealed manner, and this simulated heart blood input tube (21-1) is connected to a first one-way check valve (F-1) that simulates the function of the cardiac atrioventricular valve and only opens in the direction of the cardiac ventricle to input simulated blood (XY); the other end of the first one-way check valve (F-1) is connected to a long simulated heart blood input tube (21-2), and a simulated heart blood output tube (22-1) is also provided at the upper part of the simulated heart (20); a second one-way check valve (F-2) that simulates the function of the aortic valve and only opens in the direction of flowing out of the heart is connected, and the other end of the second one-way check valve (F-2) is connected to a long simulated heart blood output tube (22-2).

2. The high-fidelity full-automatic ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis surgical skill training and assessment device according to claim 1, wherein: The microcomputer controller is provided with a rectifying power supply (DC), a microcomputer heart beat frequency control module (24), a device for highly simulating full-automatic simulated heart beats, and a device for automatically supplementing simulated pericardial effusion inside a controller chassis (23); on the chassis panel (25), there are a heart beat button (K1) with an indicator light, a digital screen (26) for displaying the heart beat frequency, a speed regulating knob (28) of a motor speed regulator (27), a digital tube (29) for displaying the speed regulation efficiency of 0-99%, and there is also a button (K2) for supplementing pericardial effusion with an indicator light, a pericardial effusion overflow observation tube (30), and a liquid level gauge (31); the device for highly simulating full-automatic simulated heart beats is arranged inside the microcomputer controller chassis (23), a reduction motor (32) controlled by the motor speed regulator (27), a machine shaft is connected to a crank (33), the crank is connected to a sliding rod (35) through a connecting rod (34), the sliding rod is inserted into a linear bearing (37) fixed on a first vertical plate (36), the end of the sliding rod is connected to the proximal end of a telescopic folding bladder (38), the distal end of the telescopic folding bladder (38) is provided with two joint pipe fittings fixed on a second vertical plate (39), and is connected to the telescopic folding bladder through a first joint pipe fitting (GJ-1), and is connected to a blood storage bottle (41) through a simulated blood input pipe (40); the blood storage bottle (41) is provided with a blood bottle injection pipe (43) with a first water stop clamp (42-1), and a blood bottle overflow pipe (44) leading to the outside of the chassis (23); the second joint pipe fitting (GJ-2) is connected to a simulated blood output pipe (45), the simulated blood output pipe (45) is connected to a joint pipe fitting (JTG) on one side of the body of a highly simulated human model (1) through a joint pipe fitting (JTG) inside the microcomputer controller chassis (23), and a long simulated heart blood input pipe (21-2) is connected to a simulated heart blood input pipe (21-1) through a first one-way check valve (F-1) that simulates the function of the heart atrioventricular valve and only opens in the direction of the heart ventricle; a simulated heart blood output pipe (22-1) passing through the simulated pericardial effusion sac (16) is connected to a long simulated heart blood output pipe (22-2) through a second one-way check valve (F-2) that simulates the function of the aortic valve and only opens in the direction of flowing out of the heart; The simulated blood return tube (46) between the microcomputer controller chassis (23) and the high-fidelity human body model (1) is connected through the joint pipe fitting (JTG) of the chassis (23), and the blood return tube (47) of the blood storage bottle in the microcomputer controller chassis (23) is connected through the joint pipe fitting (JTG); a magnet sheet (48) is arranged in the middle of the retractable and foldable bladder (38), and a Hall sensor proximity switch (49) is arranged in the vicinity, which is connected to the microcomputer heart pulsation frequency control module (24) in the controller chassis (23) through a signal line (50), and then connected to the digital screen (26) for displaying the heart pulsation frequency through a data line; for the simulated pericardial effusion automatic replenishing device, the input pipe (52) of the micro peristaltic pump (51) arranged in the microcomputer controller chassis (23) is connected to the liquid storage bottle (54) storing the simulated pericardial effusion (JY), the liquid storage bottle (54) is communicated with the liquid level gauge (31) on the chassis panel (25), and is provided with a liquid injection pipe (55) of the liquid storage bottle with a second water stop clip (42-2) and an overflow pipe (56) of the liquid storage bottle leading to the outside of the microcomputer controller chassis (23); the pump output pipe (57) is connected to the joint pipe fitting (JTG) of the microcomputer controller chassis (23); the simulated pericardial effusion input pipe (18) is connected through the joint pipe fitting (JTG) on one side of the high-fidelity human body model (1); the first pericardial effusion return pipe (19-1) of the simulated pericardial effusion bladder (16) is connected through the joint pipe fitting (JTG), and the second pericardial effusion return pipe (19-2) connected to the microcomputer controller chassis (23) passes through the pericardial effusion overflow observation pipe (30) on the chassis panel (25). The lower end of the pericardial effusion overflow observation pipe (30) enters the microcomputer controller chassis (23) through the joint pipe fitting (JTG) and is connected to the liquid storage bottle (54) through the third simulated pericardial effusion return pipe (19-3).

3. A high-fidelity fully automatic ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis surgical skill training and assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The easily replaceable precordial simulation skin (2-2) of the high-fidelity human body model (1), the bladder wall (NB) of the simulated pericardial effusion bladder (16), and the heart wall (XB) of the simulated heart (20) are all formed by using an organic material mold with basically the same density as real human tissues, and conform to the real human acoustic characteristic impedance in the acoustic parameters.

Images