Series multi-spindle compensation mechanism and machine tool

Abstract

The utility model discloses a series-connection multi-spindle compensation mechanism which is characterized in that a plurality of machining spindles are sequentially arranged on a cross beam at intervals in a sliding mode in the X-axis direction, and every two adjacent machining spindles are connected through a pair of driving mechanisms, so that the machining spindles are sequentially connected in series; the auxiliary driving mechanism can drive the two adjacent machining main shafts to relatively slide and be adjusted in the X-axis direction. The main driving mechanism is installed on the cross beam and connected with one machining main shaft, the main driving mechanism can drive the machining main shaft so as to drive the other machining main shafts to synchronously slide in the X-axis direction, independent compensation of the multiple machining main shafts in the X-axis direction can be achieved, and meanwhile collision interference among the machining main shafts can be avoided. The collision risk of the multiple machining spindles is reduced from the mechanical structure, the stability of equipment is improved, the machine adjusting difficulty can be effectively reduced, and the user experience is improved. The utility model further discloses a machine tool comprising the series multi-spindle compensation mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of numerical control machining, in particular to a series multi-spindle compensation mechanism and a machine tool. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the manufacturing industry, the requirements for the machining efficiency, accuracy and automation degree of numerical control machine tools are getting higher and higher. In the field of multi-spindle numerical control machine tools, most of the current market numerical control machine tools adopt processing schemes such as double-head or four-head, six-head or more axes. The fewer the machining spindle heads, the easier it is to control the workpiece accuracy. However, due to the limitation of the number of machining heads, the machining efficiency is low; the machining efficiency of multi-head machine tools with two heads or more is high. Due to the deviation of the machining tools of multiple spindles and the positioning error of workpiece clamping, there is an error in the center distance, especially for machining parts with a four-axis rotary table. After the multi-station workpiece rotates, there will inevitably be deviations in the X-axis and Z-axis directions. Although the Z-axis of the existing multi-spindle machine tool can be independently compensated to eliminate the error between multiple spindles in the Z-axis direction, since the machining spindles of the traditional multi-spindle numerical control machine tool share the X-axis drive system, the X-axis directions of multiple spindles cannot be independently compensated, resulting in the machining quality of the workpiece not meeting the customer's requirements.

[0003] With the continuous improvement of technology, for example, patent document CN109015071A (publication date is August 30, 2018) discloses a parallel multi-channel numerical control machine tool. This solution is to set at least two pairs of upper and lower parallel ball screw drive mechanisms on the front side of the cross beam. Because multiple machining spindles have their own independent drive mechanisms, the X-axis movement of multiple machining spindles can be simultaneously driven in parallel through this drive mechanism and independently compensated. Although this solution effectively solves the problem that multiple machining spindles cannot compensate in the X-axis direction, due to the additional multiple sets of drive mechanisms in parallel, when the number of spindles further increases, the cross beam requires a large installation space, and the length of the drive mechanism screw is also relatively long. There is an overlapping area in the movement space of each machining spindle, which will cause the problem of collision interference between multiple machining spindles. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] In order to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a series multi-spindle compensation mechanism, which realizes the independent compensation of multiple machining spindles in the X-axis direction, and at the same time can avoid the collision interference between machining spindles, reduces the collision risk of multiple machining spindles from the mechanical structure, improves the stability of the equipment, and can effectively reduce the difficulty of machine adjustment and improve the user experience.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve its problems is:

[0006] A series-connected multi-spindle compensation mechanism, comprising: a cross beam, a main drive mechanism, a plurality of machining spindles, and at least two sub-drive mechanisms, wherein,

[0007] The plurality of machining spindles are slidably arranged on the cross beam at intervals in the X-axis direction, and adjacent two machining spindles are connected by a sub-drive mechanism, so that the plurality of machining spindles are connected in series in sequence, and the sub-drive mechanism can drive the adjacent two machining spindles to relatively slide and adjust in the X-axis direction;

[0008] The main drive mechanism is installed on the cross beam, the main drive mechanism is connected to one of the machining spindles, and the main drive mechanism can drive this one machining spindle to drive the remaining machining spindles to slide synchronously in the X-axis direction.

[0009] Further, when the number of machining spindles is three, the number of sub-drive mechanisms is two. In the X-axis direction, the sub-drive mechanisms are successively the first sub-drive mechanism and the second sub-drive mechanism. The first sub-drive mechanism and the second sub-drive mechanism are coaxially arranged and parallel to each other on one side of the main drive mechanism.

[0010] Further, in the X-axis direction, the machining spindles are successively the first machining spindle, the second machining spindle,..., the Mth machining spindle, and the sub-drive mechanisms are successively the first sub-drive mechanism, the second sub-drive mechanism,..., the Nth sub-drive mechanism, where N = M - 1. At least part of the sub-drive mechanisms are coaxially arranged and parallel to each other on one side of the main drive mechanism, and the remaining sub-drive mechanisms and the main drive mechanism are coaxially arranged in the X-axis direction.

[0011] Further, when the number of machining spindles is four, the first sub-drive mechanism and the second sub-drive mechanism are coaxially arranged and parallel to each other on one side of the main drive mechanism, and the third sub-drive mechanism and the main drive mechanism are coaxially arranged in the X-axis direction.

[0012] Further, when the number of machining spindles is more than four, the first sub-drive mechanism and the second sub-drive mechanism are coaxially arranged and parallel to each other on one side of the main drive mechanism. Starting from the second sub-drive mechanism, the second sub-drive mechanism,..., the Nth sub-drive mechanism are arranged in a staggered manner in sequence to form two parallel columns.

[0013] Further, the main drive mechanism includes a main motor drive mechanism, a main lead screw, and a main nut seat. The main motor drive mechanism is connected to the main lead screw, and the main nut seat is connected to the main lead screw. Among them, the main motor drive mechanism is connected to one end of the cross beam and is located outside the first machining spindle, and the main nut seat is connected to the second machining spindle.

[0014] Further, the main drive mechanism further includes a rear bearing seat, a first limit block, and a second limit block. The main motor drive mechanism includes a main servo motor, a main motor fixing seat, and a main support unit. The first end of the main lead screw is installed on the main motor fixing seat through the main support unit. The main servo motor is installed on the main motor fixing seat, and the main servo motor is connected to the first end of the main lead screw through a main coupling. The second end of the main lead screw is installed on the rear bearing seat. The first limit block and the second limit block are arranged at intervals on the cross beam or the main lead screw. The main nut seat is located between the first limit block and the second limit block. The first limit block and the second limit block can abut against the main nut seat to define the starting point and the ending point of the stroke of the main nut seat.

[0015] Further, the auxiliary drive mechanism includes an auxiliary motor drive mechanism, an auxiliary lead screw, and an auxiliary nut seat. The auxiliary motor drive mechanism is connected to the auxiliary lead screw, and the auxiliary nut seat is connected to the auxiliary lead screw. Among them, the auxiliary motor drive mechanism in the first auxiliary drive mechanism is connected to the first processing spindle, and the auxiliary nut seat in the first auxiliary drive mechanism is connected to the second processing spindle. The auxiliary motor drive mechanism in the second auxiliary drive mechanism is connected to the third processing spindle, and the auxiliary nut seat in the second auxiliary drive mechanism is connected to the second processing spindle.

[0016] Further, a cross beam groove extending in the X-axis direction is provided on the cross beam. The main drive mechanism and all auxiliary drive mechanisms are located in the cross beam groove. Linear guides are respectively provided on two opposite sides of the cross beam groove perpendicular to the X-axis direction. A plurality of sliders for connecting the processing spindles are slidably arranged on the linear guides.

[0017] Based on the same concept, the present invention also discloses a machine tool, which includes the above-mentioned series multi-spindle compensation mechanism.

[0018] In summary, the series multi-spindle compensation mechanism and the machine tool provided by the present invention have the following technical effects:

[0019] 1) By using a plurality of auxiliary drive mechanisms to arrange a plurality of processing spindles in series and combining with the main drive mechanism, independent compensation of a plurality of processing spindles in the X-axis direction can be realized, and at the same time, collision interference between the processing spindles can be avoided, reducing the collision risk of a plurality of processing spindles from the mechanical structure and improving the stability of the equipment;

[0020] 2) In terms of user experience, it is the same as the traditional X-axis machine adjustment method. The main drive mechanism mainly realizes the synchronous movement of a plurality of processing spindles. The auxiliary drive mechanism mainly plays the role of finely adjusting the center distance between adjacent two processing spindles and compensating in the X-axis direction. Combining with the multi-spindle compensation method, after the relative positions of each processing spindle and each workpiece are adjusted by fine-tuning with the auxiliary drive mechanism, each processing spindle can follow the X-axis movement of the main drive mechanism to synchronously process a plurality of workpieces, reducing the machine adjustment difficulty and improving the user experience;

[0021] 3) Arrange the main drive mechanism and the auxiliary drive mechanism in two parallel columns, saving the space occupied by the overall drive mechanism in the Z-axis direction, facilitating the crossbeam groove to be made as small as possible, and through an innovative arrangement scheme, facilitating the X-axis slide plate to be made as small as possible, so that the space occupied by multiple machining spindles in the X-axis direction is smaller, thereby reducing the overall size of the machine tool;

[0022] 4) The adjustment stroke of the auxiliary drive mechanism is smaller than that of the main drive mechanism. Therefore, the auxiliary lead screw can be made shorter, and the second end of the auxiliary lead screw can be free and does not require a bearing block to bear. Thus, compared with the X-axis direction independent compensation scheme of the prior art, the overall drive scheme adopted by the present utility model has a lower cost. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the machine tool according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic front view structure diagram of the machine tool according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic structure diagram of the crossbeam according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic structure diagram of the main drive mechanism according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic structure diagram of the auxiliary drive mechanism according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic structure diagram of the fourth axis according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the workpiece position error when the initial angle of the four-axis turntable of the embodiment of the present utility model is 0°.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the workpiece position error when the four-axis turntable of the embodiment of the present utility model is flipped by 90°.

[0031] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of an arrangement scheme of the main drive mechanism and the auxiliary drive mechanism when the number of machining spindles of the embodiment of the present utility model is three.

[0032] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of an arrangement scheme of the main drive mechanism and the auxiliary drive mechanism when the number of machining spindles of the embodiment of the present utility model is five or more.

[0033] Figure 11Schematic diagram of another layout scheme of the main drive mechanism and the auxiliary drive mechanism when the number of processing spindles in the embodiment of the present utility model is five or more.

[0034] Among them, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0035] 1. Cross beam; 11. Cross beam groove; 12. Linear guide rail; 13. Slide block; 14. Support column; 15. Top beam; 2. Main drive mechanism; 21. Main motor drive mechanism; 211. Main servo motor; 212. Main motor fixing seat; 213. Main support unit; 22. Main lead screw; 23. Main nut seat; 24. Rear bearing seat; 25. First limit block; 26. Second limit block; 3. Auxiliary drive mechanism; 31. Auxiliary motor drive mechanism; 311. Auxiliary servo motor; 312. Auxiliary motor fixing seat; 313. Auxiliary support unit; 32. Auxiliary lead screw; 33. Auxiliary nut seat; 4. Processing spindle; 5. Workbench; 6. Fourth axis; 61. Fourth axis turntable; 62. Disc tailstock; 63. Fourth axis turntable bottom plate; 64. Bridge plate; 65. Turntable spacer; 66. Tailstock spacer; 7. Bed body; 8. Workpiece. Detailed implementation manners

[0036] For better understanding and implementation, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model.

[0037] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present utility model.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present utility model belongs. The terms used in the description of the present utility model herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0039] Refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the present utility model discloses a series multi-spindle compensation mechanism, including: cross beam 1, main drive mechanism 2, four processing spindles 4, and three auxiliary drive mechanisms 3.

[0040] A crossbeam groove 11 extending in the X-axis direction is provided on the crossbeam 1. The main driving mechanism 2 and all the auxiliary driving mechanisms 3 are located within the crossbeam groove 11. Linear guide rails 12 are respectively provided on two opposite sides of the crossbeam groove 11 perpendicular to the X-axis direction. A plurality of sliders 13 are slidably arranged on the linear guide rails 12. In this embodiment, based on the fact that the crossbeam groove 11 is provided on the front surface of the top beam 15, it can be known that the two linear guide rails 12 are arranged one above the other, and each linear guide rail 12 also extends in the X-axis direction. The function of the slider 13 is to connect the machining spindle 4 to realize the sliding of the machining spindle 4 on the crossbeam 1.

[0041] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , four machining spindles 4 are slidably arranged on the crossbeam 1 at intervals in the X-axis direction. Specifically, each machining spindle 4 is fixedly connected to four sliders 13 respectively (two of the sliders 13 are slidably arranged on the upper linear guide rail 12, and the other two sliders 13 are slidably arranged on the lower linear guide rail 12), so that the machining spindle 4 is more stable when sliding on the crossbeam 1. Adjacent two machining spindles 4 are connected by an auxiliary driving mechanism 3. Thus, the four machining spindles 4 are successively connected in series by three auxiliary driving mechanisms 3, and the auxiliary driving mechanism 3 can drive the adjacent two machining spindles 4 to relatively slide and adjust in the X-axis direction. The main driving mechanism 2 is installed on the crossbeam 1. Specifically, the main driving mechanism 2 is installed within the crossbeam groove 11. The main driving mechanism 2 is connected to one of the machining spindles 4, and the main driving mechanism 2 can drive this one machining spindle 4 to drive the remaining machining spindles 4 to slide synchronously in the X-axis direction.

[0042] Refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 , this embodiment also discloses a machine tool, which includes a series multi-spindle compensation mechanism, a workbench 5, four fourth axes 6, and a machine body 7.

[0043] Among them, the cross beam 1 and the workbench 5 are both installed on the machine bed 7 to utilize the machine bed 7 to provide overall support. The cross beam 1 is generally in a portal shape as a whole. The cross beam 1 includes two support columns 14 and a top beam 15. The two support columns 14 are arranged at intervals. The lower ends of the two support columns 14 are fixedly connected to the machine bed 7, and the upper ends of the two support columns 14 are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the top beam 15. The workbench 5 is located below the top beam 15. The two support columns 14 and the top beam 15 can be integrally formed, welded and fixed, screwed and fixed, etc. Four fourth axes 6 are arranged on the workbench 5. The fourth axis 6 is used to install the workpiece 8. Below each machining spindle 4, a fourth axis 6 is correspondingly arranged. By using the fourth axis 6, it is convenient to machine workpieces 8 with complex shapes, thereby expanding the machining range of the machine tool. As a specific preferred solution of the fourth axis 6, the fourth axis 6 includes a four-axis turntable 61, a disc tailstock 62, a four-axis turntable base plate 63, and a bridge plate 64 for carrying the workpiece 8. The four-axis turntable base plate 63 is installed on the workbench 5. The four-axis turntable 61 and the disc tailstock 62 are coaxially arranged and oppositely installed at both ends of the four-axis turntable base plate 63. Specifically, the four-axis turntable 61 is fixedly installed at one end of the four-axis turntable base plate 63 through a turntable spacer 65, and the disc tailstock 62 is fixedly installed at one end of the four-axis turntable base plate 63 through a tailstock spacer 66. By using the two spacers, it is relatively convenient to control the coaxiality of the four-axis turntable 61 and the disc tailstock 62. The two ends of the bridge plate 64 are respectively connected to the four-axis turntable 61 and the disc tailstock 62. The four-axis turntable 61 can drive the bridge plate 64 to drive the workpiece 8 to flip. Of course, the fourth axis 6 can also adopt any known structure that can carry the workpiece 8 and realize the flipping of the workpiece 8.

[0044] It should be noted that the numbers of the machining spindles 4, the sub-driving mechanisms 3, and the fourth axes 6 can also adopt other numbers, as long as the number of the sub-driving mechanisms 3 is one less than the number of the machining spindles 4, and the number of the fourth axes 6 is equal to the number of the machining spindles 4. For example, the numbers of the machining spindles 4 and the fourth axes 6 are three, and the number of the sub-driving mechanisms 3 is two; or, the numbers of the machining spindles 4 and the fourth axes 6 are five, and the number of the sub-driving mechanisms 3 is four; or, the numbers of the machining spindles 4 and the fourth axes 6 are six, and the number of the sub-driving mechanisms 3 is five, etc. Other numbers are not listed one by one.

[0045] It should be noted that the fourth axis 6 can also be cancelled, and the workpiece 8 can be directly installed on the workbench 5.

[0046] In other preferred embodiments, in addition to the way of the linear guide 12 and the slider 13, the machining spindle 4 can also slide on the cross beam 1 in other ways; the shape of the cross beam 1 does not necessarily have to be a portal shape, and it can also be an inverted L shape. At this time, the machining spindle 4 is installed on the part that protrudes forward in the cross beam 1. Here, the specific sliding structure of the machining spindle 4 on the cross beam 1 and the specific shape of the cross beam 1 are not limited.

[0047] In the above solution, a plurality of auxiliary drive mechanisms 3 are used to arrange a plurality of machining spindles 4 in series, and in combination with the main drive mechanism 2, the movement of the plurality of machining spindles 4 in the X-axis direction can be achieved. Among them, the operation of the main drive mechanism 2 can drive the plurality of machining spindles 4 to run synchronously. When compensation is required, the auxiliary drive mechanism 3 can achieve independent compensation of the plurality of spindles through the precise control of the numerical control system, so as to complete the machining processes of a plurality of workpieces 8 in one clamping.

[0048] Due to the connection and driving effect of the auxiliary drive mechanism 3, the auxiliary drive mechanism 3 can adjust the center distance between two adjacent machining spindles 4 and can also adjust the X-axis direction compensation of the machining spindle 4 during machining. Moreover, the plurality of auxiliary drive mechanisms 3 serially arrange the plurality of machining spindles 4 in sequence. When the main drive mechanism 2 drives a machining spindle 4 connected thereto to move, the remaining machining spindles 4 and the auxiliary drive mechanism 3 can follow the movement and can make a certain degree of compensation as a whole. In this way, when using the auxiliary drive mechanism 3 for independent compensation, the adjustment stroke required for the auxiliary drive mechanism 3 is generally small (not exceeding 10 mm), and this adjustment stroke is smaller than the gap between two adjacent machining spindles 4, so as to avoid the collision interference between the machining spindles 4, reduce the collision risk of the plurality of machining spindles 4 from the mechanical structure, and improve the stability of the equipment.

[0049] In this way, the series multi-spindle compensation mechanism and the machine tool provided by the present utility model are both similar to the traditional X-axis machine adjustment method in terms of user experience, effectively reducing the machine adjustment difficulty, and can also achieve independent compensation of the plurality of machining spindles 4 while avoiding the collision interference between the machining spindles 4, thereby improving the machining accuracy and user experience.

[0050] In this embodiment, for the convenience of understanding and to meet the bi-directional compensation in the X-axis direction and Z-axis direction of the machining spindle 4, as a known structural solution, the machining spindle 4 includes an X-axis slide plate, a Z-axis slide plate, a Z-axis drive mechanism, and a machining head. The X-axis slide plate is slidably disposed on the cross beam 1 and can be used to connect to the main drive mechanism 2 or the auxiliary drive mechanism 3. The Z-axis slide plate is slidably disposed on the X-axis slide plate in the Z-axis direction. The Z-axis drive mechanism is disposed between the X-axis slide plate and the Z-axis slide plate. The machining head is mounted on the Z-axis slide plate, and the Z-axis drive mechanism drives the Z-axis slide plate to move the machining head in the Z-axis direction. Specifically, the Z-axis slide plate is slidably disposed on the front side surface of the X-axis slide plate, and the slider 13 is fixedly connected to the rear side surface of the X-axis slide plate by means of screws or the like.

[0051] Refer to Figure 4, in this embodiment, preferably, the main driving mechanism 2 includes a main motor driving mechanism 21, a main lead screw 22, a main nut seat 23, a rear bearing seat 24, a first limit block 25 and a second limit block 26. The main motor driving mechanism 21 is connected to the main lead screw 22, and the main nut seat 23 is connected to the main lead screw 22. Among them, the main motor driving mechanism 21 is connected to one end of the cross beam 1, and the main nut seat 23 is connected to one of the machining spindles 4. Specifically, the main nut seat 23 is connected to the rear side of the X-axis slide plate in the machining spindle 4. When the main motor driving mechanism 21 drives the main lead screw 22 to rotate, the main lead screw 22 drives the main nut seat 23 to drive the machining spindle 4 to move along the X-axis direction; the main motor driving mechanism 21 may specifically include a main servo motor 211, a main motor fixing seat 212, and a main support unit 213. Among them, the first end of the main lead screw 22 is installed on the main motor fixing seat 212 through the main support unit 213. The main support unit 213 may be a bearing, a rotating sleeve, etc. The main servo motor 211 is installed on the main motor fixing seat 212, and the main servo motor 211 is connected to the first end of the main lead screw 22 through a main coupling. The second end of the main lead screw 22 (that is, the end of the main lead screw 22 away from the main motor driving mechanism 21) is installed on the rear bearing seat 24, and the rear bearing seat 24 is fixedly installed on the cross beam 1 (specifically, fixedly installed in the cross beam groove 11). Since the main driving mechanism 2 is mainly used to realize the synchronous movement of multiple machining spindles 4, the main lead screw 22 is relatively long. Therefore, the rear bearing seat 24 and the main support unit 213 are used to support both ends of the main lead screw 22 to ensure that the main lead screw 22 does not swing at the end when the main servo motor 211 drives the main lead screw 22 to rotate; the first limit block 25 and the second limit block 26 are arranged at intervals on the cross beam 1 or the main lead screw 22, and the main nut seat 23 is located between the first limit block 25 and the second limit block 26. The first limit block 25 and the second limit block 26 can abut against the main nut seat 23 to limit the starting point and the ending point of the stroke of the main nut seat 23 and prevent the stroke from exceeding the range.

[0052] Refer to Figure 5, in this embodiment, preferably, the auxiliary drive mechanism 3 includes an auxiliary motor drive mechanism 31, an auxiliary lead screw 32, and an auxiliary nut seat 33. The auxiliary motor drive mechanism 31 is connected to the auxiliary lead screw 32, and the auxiliary nut seat 33 is connected to the auxiliary lead screw 32. Among two adjacent machining spindles 4, the auxiliary motor drive mechanism 31 is connected to one of the machining spindles 4, and the auxiliary nut seat 33 is connected to the other machining spindle 4. In this way, when the auxiliary motor drive mechanism 31 drives the auxiliary lead screw 32 to rotate, the auxiliary lead screw 32 drives the auxiliary nut seat 33 to move, so that two adjacent machining spindles 4 slide relatively closer or farther away in the X-axis direction; the auxiliary motor drive mechanism 31 may specifically include an auxiliary servo motor 311, an auxiliary motor fixing seat 312, and an auxiliary support unit 313. Among them, the first end of the auxiliary lead screw 32 is installed on the auxiliary motor fixing seat 312 through the auxiliary support unit 313. The auxiliary support unit 313 may be a bearing, a rotating sleeve, etc. The auxiliary servo motor 311 is installed on the auxiliary motor fixing seat 312, and the auxiliary servo motor 311 is connected to the first end of the auxiliary lead screw 32 through an auxiliary coupling. The auxiliary drive mechanism 3 mainly plays the role of finely adjusting the center distance between two adjacent machining spindles 4 and compensating in the X-axis direction. The adjustment stroke of the auxiliary drive mechanism 3 is smaller than that of the main drive mechanism 2. Therefore, the auxiliary lead screw 32 can be made shorter, and the second end of the auxiliary lead screw 32 can be free and does not require a bearing seat to bear. In this way, compared with the prior art X-axis direction independent compensation scheme, the overall drive scheme adopted by the present invention has lower cost.

[0053] To save the space occupied by the overall drive mechanism in the Z-axis direction, especially when using the crossbeam groove 11 to accommodate the main drive mechanism 2 and the auxiliary drive mechanism 3, in order to facilitate the crossbeam groove 11 to be made as small as possible, the main drive mechanism 2 and the auxiliary drive mechanism 3 of the present invention are arranged in two parallel columns. Specifically, for the convenience of understanding, in the X-axis direction (when taking Figure 2 , Figures 9 to 11 's direction as a reference, the side is the direction from left to right), the machining spindles 4 are successively the first machining spindle 4, the second machining spindle 4,..., the Mth machining spindle 4, and the auxiliary drive mechanisms 3 are successively the first auxiliary drive mechanism 3, the second auxiliary drive mechanism 3,..., the Nth auxiliary drive mechanism 3, where N = M - 1. At least part of the auxiliary drive mechanisms 3 are arranged coaxially in the X-axis direction and are parallel to one side of the main drive mechanism 2, and the remaining auxiliary drive mechanisms 3 and the main drive mechanism 2 are arranged coaxially in the X-axis direction (when there are still remaining auxiliary drive mechanisms 3).

[0054] According to the different numbers of designed machining spindles 4, the specific layout schemes of the main drive mechanism 2 and the auxiliary drive mechanism 3 may be as follows:

[0055] (1) Refer to Figure 9, when the number of machining spindles 4 is three, the number of sub-driving mechanisms 3 is two. Along the X-axis direction, the sub-driving mechanisms 3 are the first sub-driving mechanism 3 and the second sub-driving mechanism 3 in sequence. The first sub-driving mechanism 3 and the second sub-driving mechanism 3 are coaxially arranged and parallel on one side of the main driving mechanism 2.

[0056] (II) Refer to Figure 2 , when the number of machining spindles 4 is four, the first sub-driving mechanism 3 and the second sub-driving mechanism 3 are coaxially arranged and parallel on one side of the main driving mechanism 2 along the X-axis direction, and the third sub-driving mechanism 3 and the main driving mechanism 2 are coaxially arranged along the X-axis direction.

[0057] (III) Refer to Figure 10 , when the number of machining spindles 4 is more than four, the first sub-driving mechanism 3 and the second sub-driving mechanism 3 are coaxially arranged and parallel on one side of the main driving mechanism 2 along the X-axis direction. Starting from the second sub-driving mechanism 3, the second sub-driving mechanism 3,..., the Nth sub-driving mechanism 3 are arranged alternately in sequence to form two parallel columns.

[0058] (IV) Refer to Figure 11 , when the number of machining spindles 4 is more than four, there can also be another arrangement scheme. For example: the first sub-driving mechanism 3, the second sub-driving mechanism 3, the fourth sub-driving mechanism 3, the fifth sub-driving mechanism 3, etc. are coaxially arranged and parallel on one side of the main driving mechanism 2 along the X-axis direction, and the third sub-driving mechanism 3, the sixth sub-driving mechanism 3, etc. and the main driving mechanism 2 are coaxially arranged along the X-axis direction, that is, the distribution of the sub-driving mechanisms 3 is arranged in the pattern of two, one, two, one to form two parallel columns.

[0059] Based on the foregoing arrangement scheme, the specific setting of the main driving mechanism 2 is preferably: the main motor driving mechanism 21 is located outside the first machining spindle 4 (when taking the Figure 2 , Figures 9 to 11 direction as a reference, that is to say, the main motor driving mechanism 21 is located on the left side of the first machining spindle 4), and the main nut seat 23 is connected to the second machining spindle 4. In this way, the length of the main lead screw 22 is controlled not to be too long, and at the same time, when establishing a reference with the second machining spindle 4, the X-axis direction compensation of the first machining spindle 4 can be adjusted only through the first sub-driving mechanism 3, and the X-axis direction compensation of the third machining spindle 4,..., the Mth machining spindle 4 can involve one less sub-driving mechanism 3 in the calculation, thereby reducing the compensation calculation workload.

[0060] Based on the foregoing arrangement scheme, when the first secondary drive mechanism 3 and the second secondary drive mechanism 3 are coaxially arranged along the X-axis direction, the connection orientation is preferably as follows: the secondary motor drive mechanism 31 in the first secondary drive mechanism 3 is connected to the first machining spindle 4, the secondary nut seat 33 in the first secondary drive mechanism 3 is connected to the second machining spindle 4, the secondary motor drive mechanism 31 in the second secondary drive mechanism 3 is connected to the third machining spindle 4, and the secondary nut seat 33 in the second secondary drive mechanism 3 is connected to the second machining spindle 4. The space occupied by the overall secondary motor drive mechanism 31 is relatively large. Thus, among the two secondary drive mechanisms 3 coaxially arranged along the X-axis direction, it is avoided that the two secondary motor drive mechanisms 31 are connected to the same machining spindle 4, the space is rationally utilized, which is beneficial to making the X-axis slide plate in the machining spindle 4 as small as possible, making the space occupied by the multiple machining spindles 4 in the X-axis direction smaller, thereby reducing the overall size of the machine tool.

[0061] Refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , when machining multiple workpieces 8, the reasons for the occurrence of errors are as follows:

[0062] When the initial angle of the four-axis turntable 61 is 0° (such as Figure 7 ), due to the influence of the installation accuracy, geometric errors will inevitably occur in the machining position of the workpiece 8. At this time, errors a1 and b1 are respectively generated in the X and Z directions between the original machining position and the actual machining position. The error a1 can be eliminated through compensation in the X-axis direction, and the error b1 needs to be eliminated through compensation in the Z-axis direction. The compensation in the X-axis direction is realized through the secondary drive mechanism 3. The secondary motor fixed seat 312 and the secondary nut seat 33 of the secondary drive mechanism 3 are respectively connected to the X-axis slide plates of two adjacent machining spindles 4. Through the drive of the secondary drive mechanism 3 and the precise control of the numerical control system, independent compensation in the X-axis direction of each spindle is achieved. When there is an error in the installation center distance of the workpiece 8, the secondary drive mechanism 3 can also adjust the center distance of the machining spindle 4 to be consistent with the matching center distance of the workpiece 8, reducing the difficulty of installing the workpiece 8;

[0063] When the four-axis turntable 61 drives the workpiece 8 to flip to 90° (such as Figure 8 ), the 90° side surface is machined at the previous coordinate position. At this time, errors a2 and b2 are respectively generated in the X and Z directions at the machining coordinate position. The error b2 can be eliminated through compensation in the Z-axis direction, and the error a2 can be eliminated through compensation in the X-axis direction.

[0064] It can be seen that the errors generated at the same coordinate position at different turntable angles are different. Therefore, it is required that we perform real-time compensation in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. Further, during multi-axis machining, due to the deviation of the center distance, real-time compensation in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction is also required.

[0065] Based on the same concept, the present utility model also discloses a multi-spindle compensation method, which is applied to the machine tool of the present utility model and includes the following steps:

[0066] Step 1: The main drive mechanism 2 drives all the machining spindles 4 to slide synchronously in the X-axis direction, compensates the X-axis direction of a machining spindle 4 directly connected to the main drive mechanism 2, so as to establish a target;

[0067] Step 2: After the target is established, taking a machining spindle 4 that has completed the X-axis direction compensation as a reference, detect and calculate the X-axis direction errors of other machining spindles 4;

[0068] Step 3: According to the magnitudes of the X-axis direction errors of each machining spindle 4, control a sub-drive mechanism 3 to perform X-axis direction compensation or control multiple sub-drive mechanisms 3 to perform X-axis direction compensation in linkage, so as to complete the X-axis direction compensation of all the machining spindles 4.

[0069] It also includes: independently compensating the Z-axis direction of each machining spindle 4.

[0070] For the sake of understanding, taking the four machining spindles 4 shown as an example, when the machine tool of the present utility model performs multi-workpiece 8 machining: Figure 2 The multiple workpieces 8 to be machined are respectively installed and positioned on the corresponding bridge plates 64 of the fourth axis 6. The four machining spindles 4 are connected to form a whole through three sub-drive mechanisms 3. The main drive mechanism 2 drives the second machining spindle 4, and the second machining spindle 4 drives the three sub-drive mechanisms 3 and the other three machining spindles 4 to move synchronously in the X-axis direction to machine the workpieces 8 on the fourth axis 6. During the machining process, the compensation process in the X-axis direction is preferably as follows:

[0071] The multiple workpieces 8 to be machined are respectively installed and positioned on the corresponding bridge plates 64 of the fourth axis 6. The four machining spindles 4 are connected to form a whole through three sub-drive mechanisms 3. The main drive mechanism 2 drives the second machining spindle 4, and the second machining spindle 4 drives the three sub-drive mechanisms 3 and the other three machining spindles 4 to move synchronously in the X-axis direction to machine the workpieces 8 on the fourth axis 6. During the machining process, the compensation process in the X-axis direction is preferably as follows:

[0072] First, use the drive of the main drive mechanism 2 to compensate the X-axis direction of the second processing spindle 4, thereby establishing a reference. According to the detection of the processing positions of the first processing spindle 4, the third processing spindle 4, and the fourth processing spindle 4, taking the position of the second processing spindle 4 as a reference, calculate the X-axis direction errors of the first processing spindle 4, the third processing spindle 4, and the fourth processing spindle 4 respectively; when the first processing spindle 4 has an X-axis direction error that needs to be compensated, control the expansion and contraction of the first sub-drive mechanism 3, so that the first processing spindle 4 moves relative to the second processing spindle 4 to compensate; when the third processing spindle 4 has an X-axis direction error (for example, the error value is 2 mm of left feed) that needs to be compensated and the fourth processing spindle 4 does not have an X-axis direction error, control the second sub-drive mechanism 3 and the third sub-drive mechanism 3 to act synchronously, where the second sub-drive mechanism 3 extends 2 mm and the third sub-drive mechanism 3 contracts 2 mm, so as to complete the X-axis direction compensation of the second processing spindle 4 while keeping the relative position of the third processing spindle 4 unchanged; when the third processing spindle 4 does not have an X-axis direction error and the fourth processing spindle 4 has an X-axis direction error (for example, the error value is 2 mm of left feed) that needs to be compensated, the second sub-drive mechanism 3 does not act, control the third sub-drive mechanism 3 to extend 2 mm, so as to complete the X-axis direction compensation of the third processing spindle 4; when the third processing spindle 4 has an X-axis direction error (for example, the error value is 2 mm of left feed) that needs to be compensated and the fourth processing spindle 4 also has an X-axis direction error (for example, the error value is 1 mm of right feed) that needs to be compensated, control the second sub-drive mechanism 3 and the third sub-drive mechanism 3 to act synchronously, where the second sub-drive mechanism 3 extends 2 mm and the third sub-drive mechanism 3 contracts 3 mm, so as to complete the X-axis direction compensation of the third processing spindle 4 and the fourth processing spindle 4.

[0073] The technical means disclosed in the solution of the present utility model are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present utility model, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements are also regarded as the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A serial multi-spindle compensation mechanism, characterized in that: include: A crossbeam, a main drive mechanism, a plurality of machining spindles, and at least two auxiliary drive mechanisms, wherein: A plurality of the machining spindles are arranged in sequence and slidably on the crossbeam along the X-axis direction, and two adjacent machining spindles are connected by a secondary driving mechanism, so that the plurality of machining spindles are connected in series in sequence, and the secondary driving mechanism can drive two adjacent machining spindles to slide relative to each other in the X-axis direction; The main driving mechanism is installed on the crossbeam, and the main driving mechanism is connected to one of the processing spindles. The main driving mechanism can drive the processing spindle to drive the other processing spindles to slide synchronously in the X-axis direction.

2. The serial multi-spindle compensation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the number of the machining spindles is three, the number of the auxiliary driving mechanisms is two. In the X-axis direction, the auxiliary driving mechanisms are sequentially a first auxiliary driving mechanism and a second auxiliary driving mechanism. The first auxiliary driving mechanism and the second auxiliary driving mechanism are coaxially arranged and parallel to one side of the main driving mechanism.

3. The serial multi-spindle compensation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the X-axis direction, the processing spindles are sequentially the first processing spindle, the second processing spindle, ..., the Mth processing spindle, and the auxiliary driving mechanisms are sequentially the first auxiliary driving mechanism, the second auxiliary driving mechanism, ..., the Nth auxiliary driving mechanism, wherein N=M-1, at least part of the auxiliary driving mechanisms are coaxially arranged along the X-axis direction and are located parallel to one side of the main driving mechanism, and the rest of the auxiliary driving mechanisms and the main driving mechanism are coaxially arranged along the X-axis direction.

4. The serial multi-spindle compensation mechanism according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When the number of the processing spindles is four, the first auxiliary driving mechanism and the second auxiliary driving mechanism are coaxially arranged along the X-axis direction and are located parallel to one side of the main driving mechanism, and the third auxiliary driving mechanism and the main driving mechanism are coaxially arranged along the X-axis direction.

5. The serial multi-spindle compensation mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the number of the processing spindles is four or more, the first auxiliary drive mechanism and the second auxiliary drive mechanism are coaxially arranged along the X-axis direction and are located parallel to one side of the main drive mechanism. Starting from the second auxiliary drive mechanism, the second auxiliary drive mechanism,..., the Nth auxiliary drive mechanism are arranged alternately in sequence to form two parallel rows.

6. The serial multi-spindle compensation mechanism according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: The main driving mechanism includes a main motor driving mechanism, a main screw and a main nut seat. The main motor driving mechanism is connected to the main screw, and the main nut seat is connected to the main screw. The main motor driving mechanism is connected to one end of the crossbeam and is located on the outside of the first processing spindle, and the main nut seat is connected to the second processing spindle.

7. The serial multi-spindle compensation mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main driving mechanism also includes a rear bearing seat, a first limit block and a second limit block, the main motor driving mechanism includes a main servo motor, a main motor fixing seat, and a main supporting unit, the first end of the main screw is installed on the main motor fixing seat through the main supporting unit, the main servo motor is installed on the main motor fixing seat, and the main servo motor is connected to the first end of the main screw through a main coupling, the second end of the main screw is installed on the rear bearing seat, the first limit block and the second limit block are spaced apart on the cross beam or the main screw, the main nut seat is located between the first limit block and the second limit block, the first limit block and the second limit block can be offset against the main nut seat to limit the starting point and end point of the stroke of the main nut seat.

8. The serial multi-spindle compensation mechanism according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: The auxiliary driving mechanism includes an auxiliary motor driving mechanism, an auxiliary screw and an auxiliary nut seat. The auxiliary motor driving mechanism is connected to the auxiliary screw, and the auxiliary nut seat is connected to the auxiliary screw. The auxiliary motor driving mechanism in the first auxiliary driving mechanism is connected to the first processing spindle, the auxiliary nut seat in the first auxiliary driving mechanism is connected to the second processing spindle, the auxiliary motor driving mechanism in the second auxiliary driving mechanism is connected to the third processing spindle, and the auxiliary nut seat in the second auxiliary driving mechanism is connected to the second processing spindle.

9. The serial multi-spindle compensation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crossbeam is provided with a crossbeam groove extending along the X-axis direction, the main drive mechanism and all the auxiliary drive mechanisms are located in the crossbeam groove, and linear guide rails are respectively provided on two opposite sides of the crossbeam groove perpendicular to the X-axis direction, and a plurality of sliders for connecting the machining spindle are slidably provided on the linear guide rails.

10. A machine tool, characterized in that: It comprises a serial multi-spindle compensation mechanism as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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