Steering gear support and vehicle with same
By designing a flat-panel structure steering gear and reducing material and redundant parts by using the trench structure, the problem of bulky steering gear structure in the prior art is solved, and the vehicle weight reduction, manufacturing cost reduction and energy-saving and environmentally friendly effects are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420855467.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-04-23
AI Technical Summary
The steering gear structure in the prior art is bulky and large in size, resulting in increased weight of the vehicle, high manufacturing cost and unfavorable for energy conservation and environmental protection.
A flat-panel structure steering gear is designed, with multiple frame mounting holes and steering gear mounting holes, and an output shaft hole is formed at the center. The inner side of the bracket is suitable for mounting the front beam of the frame, and the outer side is suitable for mounting the steering gear. By structuring the trench structure on the side of the bracket facing the steering gear, the material and redundant parts are reduced, and the weight of the vehicle is reduced.
Without affecting the structural strength, the weight of the vehicle is reduced, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the energy-saving and environmentally friendly effect is achieved.
Smart Images

Figure CN223031056U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicle accessories, in particular to a steering gear bracket and a vehicle having the same. Background Art
[0002] Since the steering gear bracket is a safety component of the steering system and needs to connect the steering gear to the front-end module of the vehicle frame to fix the steering gear, sufficient strength is required. However, the structure of the steering gear bracket in the related art is usually bulky in appearance and large in volume, which is not conducive to weight reduction, cost reduction, energy conservation and environmental protection of the whole vehicle. Summary of the Utility Model
[0003] The utility model aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this reason, an object of the utility model is to provide a steering gear bracket, which has the advantages of reducing the weight of the whole vehicle, reducing the manufacturing cost, energy conservation and environmental protection, etc.
[0004] The utility model also provides a vehicle having the steering gear bracket.
[0005] To achieve the above object, according to an embodiment of the utility model, a steering gear bracket is provided. The steering gear bracket is configured as a flat plate structure, and is provided with a plurality of vehicle frame mounting holes and a plurality of steering gear mounting holes. An output shaft hole is formed at the center of the steering gear bracket. The vehicle frame mounting holes and the steering gear mounting holes are both arranged around the output shaft hole. The inner side of the steering gear bracket is adapted to be mounted on the front connecting beam of the vehicle frame, and the outer side of the steering gear bracket is adapted to mount the steering gear. Wherein, the steering gear is provided with a structural framework connecting the vehicle frame mounting holes and the steering gear mounting holes. The structural framework surrounds the output shaft hole. A groove is formed on the side of the steering gear bracket facing away from the steering gear, and the groove is formed between the output shaft hole and the framework.
[0006] According to the steering gear bracket of the embodiment of the utility model, a groove structure is formed on the side of the steering gear bracket facing away from the steering gear. The groove surrounds the output shaft hole. The two sides of the groove relative to the vehicle frame mounting holes and the steering gear mounting holes are designed to be removed. Through the above structure, the extra materials and redundant parts of the steering gear bracket can be effectively reduced, the weight of the whole vehicle can be reduced without affecting the structural strength. At the same time, the flat plate structure is relatively simple and easy to produce and process. The setting of the connecting framework reduces the number of parts and the processing procedures. Structures such as the groove reduce the material usage, further reducing the manufacturing cost.
[0007] At the same time, the groove structure is the removal of a local area. Therefore, while ensuring the structural strength of the steering gear bracket, the weight of the steering gear bracket itself is effectively reduced, and the total weight of the whole vehicle is reduced. By reducing the weight of the whole vehicle, it helps to improve the fuel efficiency, reduce the fuel consumption, and achieve the effect of energy conservation and environmental protection.
[0008] The steering gear bracket according to the embodiment of the present utility model has the advantages of reducing the weight of the whole vehicle, reducing the manufacturing cost, and saving energy and protecting the environment.
[0009] According to some specific embodiments of the present utility model, the multiple steering gear mounting holes include: a first mounting hole, a second mounting hole, a third mounting hole, and a fourth mounting hole; the first mounting hole, the second mounting hole, the third mounting hole, and the fourth mounting hole are arranged in a rectangle together, the vehicle frame mounting holes are located on the front side and the rear side of the steering gear bracket, and the structural framework is sequentially connected to the steering gear mounting hole on the front side, the first mounting hole, the second mounting hole, the vehicle frame mounting hole on the rear side, the third mounting hole, and the fourth mounting hole.
[0010] According to some specific embodiments of the present utility model, the thickness of the structural framework gradually increases from the vehicle frame mounting hole on the rear side to the second mounting hole and the third mounting hole.
[0011] According to some specific embodiments of the present utility model, the structural framework is connected to the output shaft hole at the second mounting hole and the third mounting hole.
[0012] According to some specific embodiments of the present utility model, the grooving includes: a front grooving part formed on the front side of the structural framework at the second mounting hole and the third mounting hole; a rear grooving part formed on the rear side of the structural framework at the second mounting hole and the third mounting hole.
[0013] According to some specific embodiments of the present utility model, the steering gear bracket includes: a main body part, at least part of the vehicle frame mounting holes and the steering gear mounting holes are formed in the main body part, the structural framework is connected to the outer peripheral side of the main body part, and the output shaft hole is formed at the center of the main body part; a front connecting arm connected to the front side of the main body part and extending forward, and one vehicle frame mounting hole is provided at the front end of the front connecting arm; a rear connecting arm connected to the rear side of the main body part and extending backward, and one vehicle frame mounting hole is provided at the rear end of the rear connecting arm.
[0014] According to some specific embodiments of the present utility model, the front connecting arm extends obliquely from the main body part towards the inner side of the vehicle frame, and the rear connecting arm extends obliquely from the main body part towards the inner side of the vehicle frame.
[0015] According to some specific embodiments of the present utility model, the structural framework is spaced apart between the vehicle frame mounting hole on the front side and the fourth mounting hole, and the front connecting arm is connected to the front grooving part.
[0016] According to some specific embodiments of the present utility model, an installation post is configured on one side of the steering gear bracket facing the steering gear, and the installation post is adapted to install a brake pipeline bracket.
[0017] According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present utility model, a vehicle is provided, which includes the steering gear bracket according to the above embodiment of the present utility model.
[0018] The vehicle according to the embodiment of the present utility model, by using the steering gear bracket according to the embodiment of the present utility model, has the advantages of reducing the weight of the whole vehicle, reducing the manufacturing cost, saving energy and protecting the environment.
[0019] The additional aspects and advantages of the present utility model will be partially given in the following description, partially become obvious from the following description, or be understood through the practice of the present utility model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present utility model will become obvious and easy to understand from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:
[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the installation of the steering gear bracket according to the embodiment of the present utility model;
[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the steering gear bracket according to the embodiment of the present utility model;
[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the inner side of the steering gear bracket according to the embodiment of the present utility model;
[0024] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the outer side of the steering gear bracket according to the embodiment of the present utility model;
[0025] Figure 5 is a side view of the steering gear bracket according to the embodiment of the present utility model.
[0026] Reference numerals:
[0027] Steering gear bracket 1, frame mounting hole 110, steering gear mounting hole 120, output shaft hole 130, groove 140,
[0028] First mounting hole 121, second mounting hole 122, third mounting hole 123 and fourth mounting hole 124,
[0029] Structural skeleton 101, main body portion 102, front connecting arm 103, rear connecting arm 104,
[0030] Front groove portion 141, rear groove portion 142, installation post 150, steering gear 10, frame 20. Detailed implementation mode
[0031] The embodiments of the present utility model will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present utility model and should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model.
[0032] In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model.
[0033] In the description of the present utility model, the "first feature" and "second feature" may include one or more of such features.
[0034] In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, and the meaning of "several" is one or more.
[0035] The steering gear bracket 1 according to the embodiment of the present utility model will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0036] As Figures 1 - 5 shown, the steering gear bracket 1 is configured as a flat plate structure. The steering gear bracket 1 is provided with a plurality of vehicle frame mounting holes 110 and a plurality of steering gear mounting holes 120. An output shaft hole 130 is formed at the center of the steering gear bracket 1. The vehicle frame mounting holes 110 and the steering gear mounting holes 120 are both arranged around the output shaft hole 130. The inner side of the steering gear bracket 1 is adapted to be mounted on the front connecting beam of the vehicle frame, and the outer side of the steering gear bracket 1 is adapted to mount the steering gear. Among them, the steering gear bracket 1 is provided with a structural skeleton 101 connecting the vehicle frame mounting holes 110 and the steering gear mounting holes 120. The structural skeleton 101 surrounds the output shaft hole 130. A groove 140 is formed on the side of the steering gear bracket 1 facing away from the steering gear. The groove 140 is formed between the output shaft hole 130 and the skeleton.
[0037] For example, the frame mounting holes 110 and the steering gear mounting holes 120 are arranged around the output shaft hole 130, and the grooving 140 is also arranged around the output shaft hole 130. The part between adjacent frame mounting holes 110 on the same side is removed, and the thickness of the structural skeleton 101 at the positions of the frame mounting holes 110 and the steering gear mounting holes 120 is grooved 140 thickness.
[0038] According to the steering gear bracket 1 of the embodiment of the present invention, the steering gear bracket 1 is constructed with a grooving 140 structure on the side facing away from the steering gear 10. The grooving 140 surrounds the output shaft hole 130. The two sides of the grooving 140 relative to the frame mounting holes 110 and the steering gear mounting holes 120 are designed to be removed. Through the above structure, the extra materials and redundant parts of the steering gear bracket 1 can be effectively reduced, the weight of the whole vehicle can be reduced without affecting the structural strength, and at the same time, the flat plate structure is relatively simple and easy to produce and process. The setting of the connecting skeleton 101 reduces the number of parts and the processing procedures, and the structures such as the grooving 140 reduce the material consumption, further reducing the manufacturing cost.
[0039] At the same time, the grooving 140 structure is the removal of a local area, so while ensuring the structural strength of the steering gear bracket 1, the weight of the steering gear bracket 1 itself is effectively reduced, and the total weight of the whole vehicle is reduced. By reducing the weight of the whole vehicle, it helps to improve fuel efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, and achieve the effect of energy conservation and environmental protection.
[0040] Therefore, the steering gear bracket 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of reducing the weight of the whole vehicle, reducing the manufacturing cost, and energy conservation and environmental protection.
[0041] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, such as Figures 2 - 4 shown, the steering gear mounting holes 120 include a first mounting hole 121, a second mounting hole 122, a third mounting hole 123, and a fourth mounting hole 124. The first mounting hole 121, the second mounting hole 122, the third mounting hole 123, and the fourth mounting hole 124 are arranged in a rectangle together. The frame mounting holes 130 are located on the front side and the rear side of the steering gear bracket 1, and the structural skeleton 101 is sequentially connected to the front frame mounting hole 110, the first mounting hole 121, the second mounting hole 122, the rear frame mounting hole 110, the third mounting hole 123, and the fourth mounting hole 124.
[0042] The structural skeleton 101 is connected between the frame mounting holes 110 and the steering gear mounting holes 120, which can provide stronger support and stability. Through this connection method, the pressure on the stress points of the steering gear bracket 1 can be effectively shared, the risk of deformation or damage of the steering gear bracket 1 can be reduced, the durability and reliability of the steering gear bracket 1 can be improved, and the stability of the whole steering system can be increased.
[0043] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, such asFigure 5 As shown, the thickness of the structural framework 101 gradually increases from the frame mounting hole 130 at the rear side towards the second mounting hole 122 and the third mounting hole 123.
[0044] By gradually increasing the thickness from the frame mounting hole 130 at the rear side forward, the distribution of materials can be increased at the key parts of the steering gear bracket 1, improving the bearing capacity and compressive resistance of these parts, thereby increasing the strength and stability of the overall structure. As the thickness gradually increases, the steering gear bracket 1 has a greater thickness at the second mounting hole 122 and the third mounting hole 123. This structure can improve the bearing capacity of these parts, facilitating the bearing of the forces and torques in various directions generated during the movement of the steering gear 10, ensuring the stability and safety of the steering gear 10. At the same time, the structure with gradually increasing thickness can optimize the distribution of internal stress in the structure, reduce the possibility of stress concentration, lower the risk of fatigue, deformation or fracture of the structure during operation, and extend the service life of the steering gear bracket.
[0045] In some specific embodiments of the present utility model, such as Figures 2 - 4 As shown, the structural framework 101 is connected to the output shaft hole 130 at the second mounting hole 122 and the third mounting hole 123. For example, the structural framework 101 is connected to the output shaft hole 130 at the first mounting hole 121 and the fourth mounting hole 124, and the structural framework 101 surrounds the output shaft hole 130 on all sides.
[0046] By connecting the output shaft hole 130 at the second mounting hole 122 and the third mounting hole 123, the connection stability between the steering gear bracket 1 and the frame and the steering gear can be enhanced. Such a connection method can effectively avoid loosening or falling off during operation, ensuring a firm connection between the steering gear bracket 1 and the frame 20 and the steering gear 10.
[0047] The structure connecting the structural framework 101 to the output shaft hole 130 can help transfer the torque or force generated by the steering gear 10 to the output shaft, ensuring that the steering gear bracket 1 can accurately and stably transfer and convert power during operation, improving the stability of the overall system, helping to reduce the shaking and vibration of the structure during operation, keeping the steering gear 10 running smoothly, and preventing energy loss or failures caused by loose connection parts.
[0048] In some specific embodiments of the present utility model, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the cutout 140 includes a front cutout portion 141 and a rear cutout portion 142. The front cutout portion 141 is formed on the front side of the structural framework 101 at the second mounting hole 122 and the third mounting hole 123. The rear cutout portion 142 is formed on the rear side of the structural framework 101 at the second mounting hole 122 and the third mounting hole 123.
[0049] By designing the front grooved part 141 and the rear grooved part 142 with a different structure compared to other areas of the steering gear bracket 1, the overall weight of the steering gear bracket 1 can be reduced without affecting the structural strength and stability, which helps to reduce the mass of the entire system, improve the fuel efficiency and handling performance of the vehicle.
[0050] In addition, through the structural differentiation, the reduction of redundant materials can optimize the center of gravity distribution of the steering gear bracket 1 while reducing resource waste, improving the driving stability and controllability of the vehicle. The lightweight structure can lower the body center of gravity of the vehicle, reduce roll and sway, and enhance the stability when the vehicle passes through curves.
[0051] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, such as Figures 2 - 4 As shown, the steering gear bracket 1 includes a main body part 102, a front connecting arm 103 and a rear connecting arm 104. At least part of the vehicle frame mounting holes 110 and the steering gear mounting holes 120 are formed in the main body part 102. The structural framework 101 is connected to the outer peripheral side of the main body part 102, and the output shaft hole 130 is formed at the center of the main body part 102. The front connecting arm 103 is connected to the front side of the main body part 102 and extends forward. A vehicle frame mounting hole 110 is provided at the front end of the front connecting arm 102. The rear connecting arm 104 is connected to the rear side of the main body part 102 and extends backward. A vehicle frame mounting hole 110 is provided at the rear end of the rear connecting arm 104.
[0052] The main body part 102 is connected to the structural framework 101 and extends forward and backward through the front connecting arm 103 and the rear connecting arm 104, forming a solid support structure, which helps to increase the overall stability of the steering gear bracket 1 and ensure sufficient structural strength of the bracket during vehicle operation.
[0053] The vehicle frame mounting holes 110 on the front connecting arm 103 and the rear connecting arm 104 provide positions for installing and fixing the steering gear bracket 1, enabling the steering gear to be firmly connected to the vehicle frame. Such a structure ensures the reliability and stability of the steering gear during vehicle driving. While ensuring the connection reliability, the structure of the front connecting arm 103 and the rear connecting arm 104 can balance the center of gravity of the steering gear bracket 1, improve the balance and stability of the vehicle, help to reduce the roll and sway generated when the vehicle turns or accelerates, and enhance the driving comfort and safety.
[0054] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 5 As shown, the front connecting arm 103 extends obliquely from the main body part 102 towards the inner side of the vehicle frame, and the rear connecting arm 104 extends obliquely from the main body part 102 towards the inner side of the vehicle frame.
[0055] The front connecting arm 103 and the rear connecting arm 104 are extended at different angles, respectively, so that the front connecting arm 103 and the rear connecting arm 104 of the steering gear bracket 1 can better fit the steering gear and the frame. The inclined extension can compensate for the gap between the steering gear 10 and the frame 20, achieve a tighter connection, and reduce friction or shaking. This structure that increases the degree of fit can improve the matching accuracy of the steering gear bracket 1, the steering gear and the frame, and ensure the reliability of the connection.
[0056] Similarly, by setting the tilt angle, the front connecting arm 103 and the rear connecting arm 104 form a larger contact area when the steering gear bracket 1 is connected to the steering gear and the frame. This structure can increase the stability of the connection and reduce the looseness or deformation of the steering gear bracket 1 during the steering movement. The improvement of the connection stability can improve the working efficiency and responsiveness of the steering gear 10, ensuring that the steering operation is more sensitive and accurate.
[0057] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, Figures 2 - 4 As shown, the structural frame 101 is spaced between the front frame mounting hole 110 and the fourth mounting hole 124 , and the front connecting arm 102 is connected to the front groove portion 141 .
[0058] By spacing the frame mounting hole 110 and the fourth mounting hole 124 on the front side of the structural skeleton 101, the structural stability of the steering gear bracket 1 can be increased, and the vibration and deformation of the structural skeleton 101 can be effectively reduced without affecting the overall strength, thereby improving the stability of the steering gear bracket 1 during vehicle operation.
[0059] In addition, the front connecting arm 103 is connected to the front groove portion 141, which can make the front connection of the steering gear bracket 1 more firm and reliable. The front connection 103 can form a tighter connection with the front groove portion 141, effectively bearing the force on the front of the steering gear bracket 1, reducing the risk of loosening or breakage caused by uneven force, and improving the reliability of the connection.
[0060] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the steering gear bracket 1 is configured with a mounting column 150 on the side facing the steering gear, and the mounting column 150 is suitable for mounting a brake pipe bracket. The structure of the mounting column 150 can fix the brake pipe bracket and provide support to ensure the stability of the brake system during vehicle operation. Fixing the brake pipe bracket by the structure of the mounting column 150 can effectively avoid displacement or loosening caused by vibration or external force. The structural design of the mounting column 150 ensures that the brake pipe bracket is correctly installed and correctly positioned, thereby ensuring that the brake pipe will not malfunction or have adverse effects. This helps to ensure the normal operation of the brake system and improve the braking performance and safety of the vehicle.
[0061] At the same time, the structure of the mounting column 150 also helps to simplify the installation process of the brake pipe bracket, making the installation process more convenient and efficient. This can save installation time and improve the installation efficiency of the entire braking system.
[0062] The vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
[0063] The vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a steering gear bracket 1 according to the above embodiment of the present invention.
[0064] The vehicle according to the above embodiment of the present invention, by using the steering gear bracket 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, has the advantages of reducing the weight of the whole vehicle, reducing the manufacturing cost, saving energy and protecting the environment.
[0065] Other configurations and operations according to the embodiments of the present invention are known to those of ordinary skill in the art and will not be described in detail here.
[0066] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "schematic embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
[0067] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A steering gear bracket, characterized in that: The steering gear bracket is configured as a flat plate structure, the steering gear bracket is configured with a plurality of frame mounting holes and a plurality of steering gear mounting holes, an output shaft hole is configured at the center of the steering gear bracket, the frame mounting hole and the steering gear mounting hole both surround the output shaft hole, the inner side of the steering gear bracket is suitable for being mounted on a front connecting beam of the frame, and the outer side of the steering gear bracket is suitable for mounting a steering gear; Among them, the steering gear bracket is constructed with a structural framework connecting the frame mounting hole and the steering gear mounting hole, the structural framework surrounds the output shaft hole, and the side of the steering gear bracket facing away from the steering gear is constructed with a groove, and the groove is formed between the output shaft hole and the structural framework.
2. The steering gear bracket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of steering gear mounting holes include: a first mounting hole, a second mounting hole, a third mounting hole and a fourth mounting hole; The first mounting hole, the second mounting hole, the third mounting hole and the fourth mounting hole are arranged together in a rectangle, the frame mounting hole is located at the front and rear sides of the steering gear bracket, and the structural skeleton is sequentially connected to the frame mounting hole on the front side, the first mounting hole, the second mounting hole, the frame mounting hole on the rear side, the third mounting hole and the fourth mounting hole.
3. The steering gear bracket according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the structural frame gradually increases from the rear frame mounting hole to the second mounting hole and the third mounting hole.
4. The steering gear bracket according to claim 2, characterized in that: The structural frame is connected to the output shaft hole at the second mounting hole and the third mounting hole.
5. The steering gear bracket according to claim 4, characterized in that: The trenching comprises: A front groove portion, the front groove portion being formed at the front side of the structural frame at the second mounting hole and the third mounting hole; A rear groove portion is formed at the rear side of the structural frame at the second mounting hole and the third mounting hole.
6. The steering gear bracket according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steering gear bracket comprises: A main body, at least part of the frame mounting holes and the steering gear mounting holes are formed in the main body, the structural skeleton is connected to the outer peripheral side of the main body, and the output shaft hole is formed at the center of the main body; A front connecting arm, the front connecting arm is connected to the front side of the main body and extends forward, and a frame mounting hole is provided at the front end of the front connecting arm; A rear connecting arm is connected to the rear side of the main body and extends rearward, and a frame mounting hole is provided at the rear end of the rear connecting arm.
7. The steering gear bracket according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front connecting arm extends obliquely from the main body toward the inner side of the frame, and the rear connecting arm extends obliquely from the main body toward the inner side of the frame.
8. The steering gear bracket according to claim 6, characterized in that: The structural frame is spaced between the frame mounting hole and the fourth mounting hole at the front side, and the front connecting arm is connected to the front groove portion.
9. The steering gear bracket according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting column is configured on one side of the steering gear bracket facing the steering gear, and the mounting column is suitable for mounting a brake pipe bracket.
10. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: A steering gear bracket according to any one of claims 1 to 9.