Tunnel comprehensive waterproof and drainage system for anchoring and shotcreting lining

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tunnel comprehensive waterproof and drainage system for anchoring and shotcreting lining, which comprises a first anchoring and shotcreting structure layer anchored and shotcreted on tunnel surrounding rock, a second anchoring and shotcreting structure layer arranged on the inner side of the first anchoring and shotcreting structure layer, and a drainage device arranged in the first anchoring and shotcreting structure layer. According to the anchor shotcreting lining, the waterproof and drainage problems of the anchor shotcreting lining are solved, and the application range of the anchor shotcreting lining is widened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a comprehensive tunnel waterproof and drainage system for shotcrete lining, belonging to the technical field of tunnel shotcrete lining waterproof and drainage. Background Technique

[0002] Tunnel engineering occupies an important position in modern transportation infrastructure. From the perspective of the tunnel development history, since the 1980s, the new Austrian tunneling method has been adopted for the design and construction of mountain tunnels in China, and the corresponding tunnel structure form is mainly the composite lining.

[0003] The composite lining is widely used as a main support form in China's tunnel engineering, and a large amount of experience has been accumulated over more than thirty years. The composite lining is a typical "sandwich" structure, with the outer layer being shotcrete support, the inner layer being cast-in-place lining, and a flexible waterproof layer in the middle. Its load-bearing mechanism is that the initial shotcrete support is the main load-bearing structure, and the secondary lining is used as a safety reserve.

[0004] The so-called shotcrete lining refers to a support system composed of single-layer or multi-layer concrete, where the support layer and the lining layer are integrated, and shear force can be fully transmitted between layers. Its load-bearing mechanism is that through the anti-slip properties in the radial and longitudinal directions between concrete layers, each concrete layer forms a common load-bearing system. Compared with the composite lining, the shotcrete lining can reduce the excavation and lining masonry work under the same load conditions, fundamentally changing the construction technology of tunnel lining. The shotcrete lining cancels the waterproof board and uses a waterproof concrete spray layer with good water resistance, which is convenient for construction operation, can ensure the waterproof quality, and is conducive to shortening the construction period. The shotcrete lining has a certain toughness during the construction process, can absorb large deformations of the surrounding rock, and by adding polymers, its cracking resistance is greatly improved; it can significantly reduce material consumption and has good economy. As is well known, shotcrete has good working properties such as timeliness, adhesiveness, and toughness on the premise of ensuring its performance, which also provides conditions for shotcrete support as a shotcrete lining; therefore, as a shotcrete lining structure, shotcrete support not only has to have a certain compressive strength, but also must have a certain early strength ability, a certain adhesive strength, and bending toughness performance. With the development and progress of society, the requirements for building materials are getting higher and higher. For shotcrete, the importance of its durability is becoming increasingly prominent. However, the durability of concrete depends to a large extent on its permeability. There are many factors affecting the impermeability and mechanical properties of concrete, mainly including cement type, water-cement ratio, admixture, admixture agent, curing conditions, maximum aggregate size and gradation, and the influence of microcrack propagation. The shotcrete lining has many advantages, but it also has disadvantages such as poor impermeability of shotcrete and easy cracking, and there are also pain points in the treatment of groundwater. Especially the groundwater problem. During operation, the shotcrete lining is prone to cracking under the action of load, and the underground fissure water directly seeps into the tunnel through the cracks, seriously affecting the operation safety of the tunnel. It is precisely because the problem of waterproofing and drainage cannot be solved that the shotcrete lining cannot be widely used in tunnel engineering. Currently in China, it is only used in positions such as inclined shafts, cross passages, subway interval tunnels, and highway tunnel test sections, and there is no case of full-tunnel adoption.

[0005] To solve the waterproofing and drainage problems of shotcrete lining and improve the application scope of shotcrete lining, it is of great significance to design a comprehensive tunnel waterproofing and drainage system for shotcrete lining. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive tunnel waterproofing and drainage system for shotcrete lining, which can solve the waterproofing and drainage problems of shotcrete lining and improve the application scope of shotcrete lining, and can overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] The utility model discloses a comprehensive tunnel waterproof and drainage system for shotcrete lining, which includes a first shotcrete structure layer shotcreted on the tunnel surrounding rock, a second shotcrete structure layer is arranged inside the first shotcrete structure layer, a drainage device is arranged inside the first shotcrete structure layer, and waterproof devices are arranged on both the first shotcrete structure layer and the second shotcrete structure layer.

[0009] As described above, the first shotcrete structure layer includes a primary shotcrete layer and a secondary shotcrete layer, and the drainage device includes:

[0010] Circumferential drain pipes, which are distributed along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel;

[0011] Roadside drainage ditches, which are located on both the left and right sides of the tunnel;

[0012] The first transverse drain pipe, which connects the circumferential drain pipes and the roadside drainage ditches.

[0013] As described above, the waterproof device includes a spray-type waterproof layer arranged on both the first shotcrete structure layer and the second shotcrete structure layer.

[0014] As described above, the spray-type waterproof layer is a spray-type waterproof membrane.

[0015] As described above, cable trenches are arranged on both sides of the tunnel, and a second transverse drain pipe is arranged between the cable trenches and the roadside drainage ditches.

[0016] As mentioned above, the device further includes a roadside gutter communicated with the roadside drainage ditch.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0018] 1. By means of the waterproof device and the drainage device in a combined way of prevention and drainage, the tunnel project with shotcrete lining has a certain waterproof and drainage function, expanding the application range of shotcrete lining.

[0019] 2. By arranging circumferential drain pipes between the primary shotcrete layer and the secondary shotcrete layer, the water on the tunnel arch surface is introduced through the circumferential drain pipes and then discharged through the roadside drainage ditches.

[0020] 3. Cable trenches are arranged on both sides of the tunnel, and a second transverse drain pipe is arranged between the cable trenches and the roadside drainage ditches, so that the accumulated water in the cable trenches can be introduced into the roadside drainage ditches through the second transverse drain pipe, thus realizing the discharge; at the same time, a roadside gutter is arranged on the roadside of the tunnel, and the roadside gutter is communicated with the roadside drainage ditch, so that the road surface drainage can be introduced into the roadside drainage ditch, thus realizing the drainage of the road surface.

[0021] Other advantages, objects and features of the present utility model will be described to some extent in the following specification, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the study of the following text, or can be taught from the practice of the present utility model. The objects and other advantages of the present utility model can be achieved and obtained through the following specification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings, where:

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the present utility model.

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the tunnel of the present utility model along the longitudinal direction.

[0025] Among them, the first shotcrete structure layer 1; the primary shotcrete layer 1-1; the secondary shotcrete layer 1-2; the second shotcrete structure layer 2; the drainage device 3; the circumferential drainage pipe 3-1; the roadside drainage culvert 3-2; the first transverse drainage pipe 3-3; the spray-on waterproof layer 4; the cable trench 5; the second transverse drainage pipe 6; the roadside ditch 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0026] The following will refer to the drawings to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present utility model. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for explaining the present utility model and not for limiting the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0027] As Figure 1 - Figure 2 shown, a comprehensive waterproof and drainage system for a tunnel with shotcrete lining disclosed by the present utility model includes a first shotcrete structure layer 1 shotcreted on the tunnel surrounding rock, a second shotcrete structure layer 2 provided inside the first shotcrete structure layer 1, a drainage device 3 provided inside the first shotcrete structure layer 1, and waterproof devices are provided on both the first shotcrete structure layer 1 and the second shotcrete structure layer 2. In this way, through the waterproof device and the drainage device 3 in a combined way of preventing and draining water, the tunnel project with shotcrete lining has a certain waterproof and drainage function, expanding the application range of shotcrete lining.

[0028] Furthermore, the first shotcrete structure layer 1 includes a primary shotcrete layer 1-1 and a secondary shotcrete layer 1-2. The drainage device 3 includes a circumferential drain pipe 3-1, a roadside drainage culvert 3-2, and a first transverse drain pipe 3-3. Specifically, the circumferential drain pipe 3-1 is located between the primary shotcrete layer 1-1 and the secondary shotcrete layer 1-2 and is distributed along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The roadside drainage culvert 3-2 is located on both the left and right sides of the tunnel. The first transverse drain pipe 3-3 connects the circumferential drain pipe 3-1 to the roadside drainage culvert 3-2. With such a structure, by arranging the circumferential drain pipe 3-1 between the primary shotcrete layer 1-1 and the secondary shotcrete layer 1-2, the water on the tunnel arch surface is introduced through the circumferential drain pipe 3-1 and then discharged through the roadside drainage culvert 3-2. When constructing the first shotcrete structure layer 1, it is carried out in two layers. First, a 2-5 cm thick primary shotcrete layer 1-1 is applied. The circumferential drain pipe 3-1 is arranged on the surface of the primary shotcrete layer 1-1 and fixed to the primary shotcrete layer 1-1 with φ12 expansion screws, with an expansion screw spacing of 0.5 m. The circumferential drain pipe 3-1 can adopt φ80 PE double-wall perforated corrugated pipe, with a spacing of 10 m per lane along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and it can be appropriately densified in the water-rich section. The bottom of the circumferential drain pipe 3-1 is connected to the first transverse drain pipe 3-3 through an elbow joint and directly introduced into the roadside drainage culvert 3-2. The heights of the elbow joints on the left and right sides are controlled at 20 cm and 60 cm respectively from the design elevation. After the drain pipes are installed, the secondary shotcrete layer 1-2 of the first shotcrete structure layer 1 is constructed.

[0029] Furthermore, the waterproof device includes a spray-on waterproof layer 4 provided on both the first shotcrete structure layer 1 and the second shotcrete structure layer 2. The spray-on waterproof layer 4 is a spray-type waterproof membrane, which can be completely bonded to the concrete on both sides, providing good waterproof effect and can be adjusted during construction as needed. During the construction process, after the first shotcrete structure layer 1 is constructed, its surface is leveled and cleaned, and then the spray-on waterproof layer 4 is constructed. During the spray film operation, the spray gun should be kept perpendicular to the base surface, the spray gun should be moved at a constant speed, and it is advisable to reach the designed spray film thickness in two times. At local positions with complex base surface conditions, parameters such as the spray angle and spray distance can be adjusted according to the actual spray film effect, and the spray film should have a uniform thickness. When the interval between the previously completed spray film waterproof layer and the newly sprayed spray film waterproof layer is relatively long, before spraying the new spray film waterproof layer section, the joint part of the previously sprayed spray film waterproof layer should be cleaned. The overlapping width of the spray film waterproof layer should not be less than 100 mm. After the first shotcrete structure layer 1 and the spray-on waterproof layer 4 are constructed, the construction of the second shotcrete structure layer 2 and the spray-on waterproof layer 4 again is started. The shotcrete with certain self-waterproofing and the spray-type waterproof material jointly form the waterproof layer of the shotcrete lining structure, making the shotcrete lining structure have a certain waterproof function.

[0030] Furthermore, cable trenches 5 are provided on both sides of the tunnel. A second horizontal drain pipe 6 is provided between the cable trench 5 and the roadside drainage culvert 3-2. In this way, the accumulated water in the cable trench 5 can be introduced into the roadside drainage culvert 3-2 through the second horizontal drain pipe 6, thus realizing drainage. At the same time, a roadside gutter 7 is also provided on the roadside of the tunnel. The roadside gutter 7 is communicated with the roadside drainage culvert 3-2. In this way, the road surface drainage can be introduced into the roadside drainage culvert 3-2, thus realizing the drainage of the road surface.

[0031] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose any form of confidentiality restrictions on the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical content of the present invention and without departing from the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel comprehensive waterproofing and drainage system for anchor-sprayed lining, comprising a first anchor-sprayed structural layer (1) anchored and sprayed on the tunnel surrounding rock, a second anchor-sprayed structural layer (2) being arranged inside the first anchor-sprayed structural layer (1), characterized in that: A drainage device (3) is provided in the first anchor sprayed structural layer (1), and waterproof devices are provided on both the first anchor sprayed structural layer (1) and the second anchor sprayed structural layer (2).

2. The tunnel comprehensive drainage system for anchor spraying lining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first anchor spraying structure layer (1) comprises a primary spraying layer (1-1) and a secondary spraying layer (1-2), and the drainage device (3) comprises: An annular drainage pipe (3-1), wherein the annular drainage pipe (3-1) is distributed along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel; Roadside drainage culverts (3-2), the roadside drainage culverts (3-2) being located on the left and right sides of the tunnel; A first transverse drainage pipe (3-3), wherein the first transverse drainage pipe (3-3) connects the annular drainage pipe (3-1) with the roadside drainage ditch (3-2).

3. The tunnel comprehensive waterproofing and drainage system for anchor spraying lining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The waterproof device comprises a spray-coated waterproof layer (4) provided on both the first anchor spray-coated structural layer (1) and the second anchor spray-coated structural layer (2).

4. The tunnel comprehensive waterproofing and drainage system for anchor spraying lining according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The spray-type waterproof layer (4) is a spray-type waterproof membrane.

5. The tunnel comprehensive waterproofing and drainage system for anchor spraying lining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Cable trenches (5) are provided on both sides of the tunnel, and a second transverse drainage pipe (6) is provided between the cable trench (5) and the roadside drainage ditch (3-2).

6. The tunnel comprehensive waterproofing and drainage system for anchor spraying lining according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also includes a roadside ditch (7) connected to the roadside drainage ditch (3-2).

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