Pump-drive-free super-long gravity assisted heat pipe type refrigerating system applied to deep mine
By adopting a pump-free ultra-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system in deep mines, the steam pressure difference and gravity effect are used to achieve circulating flow of working fluid, which solves the problems of unsatisfactory cooling effect and difficulty in condensation heat emission in deep well mining in the prior art, and achieves efficient and simplified downhole refrigeration effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422220451.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-10
AI Technical Summary
As the mine mining depth increases, the existing mine refrigeration plan has poor cooling effect when the cold source conveyance distance increases, and the solution to set the refrigeration unit downhole faces the problem of condensation heat emission difficulties, resulting in low cooling efficiency.
The pump-free ultra-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system is adopted to drive the working fluid through the ultra-long gravity heat pipe, and the circulating flow of the working fluid is achieved by using the steam pressure difference and gravity action, avoiding the use of additional pumps and simplifying the downhole equipment.
It achieves efficient cooling in deep mines, simplifies underground refrigeration equipment, reduces energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs, and improves the reliability of the system.
Smart Images
Figure CN223036663U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to a deep mine refrigeration technology, in particular to a pump-free super-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system applied to the deep mine. Background Art
[0002] With the gradual depletion of shallow mineral resources and the continuous advancement of mining technology and capabilities, mineral resource mining is accelerating to deeper depths to meet the growing demand for resources. As the mining depth increases, the temperature of the surrounding rock continues to rise, and the problem of heat damage becomes more prominent. High geothermal heat damage control has become one of the key problems that need to be solved in deep mining. High temperature environment not only seriously threatens the physical and mental health of miners, resulting in reduced labor efficiency, but also increases the risk of safety accidents and equipment failures, thus posing a major challenge to the safe production of mines. The technical level and economic efficiency of mine heat damage treatment are directly related to the maximum allowable mining depth of the mine.
[0003] The current mainstream mine cooling solution is to use refrigeration units to generate low-temperature cold sources and transport them underground to reduce the temperature of the working surface, which has the advantage of high technical maturity. However, as the depth of the mine increases, the transportation distance of the cold source increases, and the large loss of cold energy causes the cooling effect to be unsatisfactory. Other solutions that set up refrigeration units underground face the problem of difficulty in condensation heat discharge, resulting in low cooling efficiency. Utility Model Content
[0004] In view of at least one shortcoming in the prior art, the utility model provides a pump-free ultra-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system for use in deep mines. The gaseous working medium flows through the top of the heat pipe due to the steam pressure difference, while the liquid working medium flows to the bottom due to gravity. During the process, there is no need to install an additional pump, which greatly simplifies the underground refrigeration equipment. The system can be applied to deep mines and has a high cooling efficiency.
[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model can adopt the following technical solutions:
[0006] An ultra-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system, comprising:
[0007] Extra-long gravity heat pipes, at least the bottom of which extends into the mine;
[0008] an air cooler, which is arranged in the mine and exchanges heat with the bottom of the super-long gravity heat pipe;
[0009] A condenser evaporator is disposed on the ground and performs heat exchange with the top of the super-long gravity heat pipe;
[0010] A surface cooler is arranged on the ground and exchanges heat with the condenser evaporator.
[0011] Among them, the condensing evaporator, the air cooler and the ultra-long gravity heat pipe form a first heat exchange circulation loop through pipelines, and a heat pipe working medium flows in the first heat exchange circulation loop.
[0012] For the ultra-long gravity heat pipe type refrigeration system as described above, further, the length of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe is 200 - 4000 m, the length-diameter ratio of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe is greater than 5000, and the bottom of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe extends into the tunneling layer of the mine.
[0013] For the ultra-long gravity heat pipe type refrigeration system as described above, further, a plurality of air coolers are provided.
[0014] For the ultra-long gravity heat pipe type refrigeration system as described above, further, one or more ultra-long gravity heat pipes are provided.
[0015] For the ultra-long gravity heat pipe type refrigeration system as described above, further, an explosion-proof axial flow fan is included, and the explosion-proof axial flow fan is arranged in the mine.
[0016] For the ultra-long gravity heat pipe type refrigeration system as described above, further, the surface cooler and the condensing evaporator form a second heat exchange circulation loop through pipelines, a heat pump working medium flows in the second heat exchange circulation loop, and a heat pump compressor and an expansion valve are provided in the second heat exchange circulation loop.
[0017] For the ultra-long gravity heat pipe type refrigeration system as described above, further, the heat pipe working medium is ammonia, carbon dioxide, R134a or R22 refrigeration working medium.
[0018] For the ultra-long gravity heat pipe type refrigeration system as described above, further, a steam regulating valve is provided between the inlet side of the condensing evaporator and the outlet end of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe, and a flow regulating valve is provided between the outlet side of the condensing evaporator and the inlet end of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe.
[0019] For the ultra-long gravity heat pipe type refrigeration system as described above, further, the outer surface of the pipeline of the first heat exchange circulation loop, or / and, the outer surface of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe is covered with a heat insulating material.
[0020] For the ultra-long gravity heat pipe type refrigeration system as described above, further, the heat pump compressor is configured with a frequency conversion technology.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:
[0022] 1. The combination of an ultra-long gravity heat pipe and an air cooler. The working medium in the ultra-long gravity heat pipe passes through the air cooler, absorbs the heat of the hot air in the tunneling layer, undergoes phase change vaporization, and rises to the top of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe. After releasing heat and liquefying through the condensation evaporator, it flows back to the ultra-long gravity heat pipe, re-absorbs heat and vaporizes again. The steam outlet regulating valve at the top of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe is used to regulate the steam pressure of the gravity heat pipe, thereby changing the steam rising speed. The return liquid flow regulating valve can control the flow rate of the circulating working medium in the ultra-long gravity heat pipe according to the actual underground cooling load.
[0023] 2. The first heat exchange cycle loop including the ultra-long gravity heat pipe does not require the assistance of a pump. The steam working medium in the heat pipe flows upward driven by the steam pressure difference at both ends of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe, while the liquid working medium flows downward driven by gravity. Without the drive of a pump, the circulating working medium in the ultra-long gravity heat pipe realizes circulation between the ground and the mine, further simplifying the equipment in the underground mine, thereby reducing energy consumption, improving the reliability of the system, and reducing the operation and maintenance cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.
[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe type refrigeration system according to the embodiment of the present utility model.
[0026] The meanings of the reference numerals in the drawings: 1. Ultra-long gravity heat pipe; 101. Evaporation section heat pipe working medium outlet; 102. Evaporation section heat pipe working medium inlet; 103. Condensation section heat pipe working medium outlet; 104. Condensation section heat pipe working medium inlet; 2. Air cooler; 3. Explosion-proof axial flow fan; 401. Steam outlet regulating valve; 402. Return liquid flow regulating valve; 5. Condensation evaporator; 6. Expansion valve; 7. Compressor; 8. Surface cooler. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0027] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.
[0028] Embodiment:
[0029] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description, claims and above-mentioned drawings of the present utility model are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily have to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present utility model described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" in the embodiments of the present utility model and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.
[0030] In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In addition, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0031] See Figure 1 , an ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1 type refrigeration system, comprising: an ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1, an air cooler 2, a condensation evaporator 5 and a surface cooler 8. Specifically, the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1 extends at least to the bottom of the mine; the air cooler 2 is arranged in the mine and exchanges heat with the bottom of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1; the condensation evaporator 5 is arranged on the ground and exchanges heat with the top of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1; the surface cooler 8 is arranged on the ground and exchanges heat with the condensation evaporator 5. Among them, the condensation evaporator 5, the air cooler 2 and the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1 form a first heat exchange cycle loop through pipelines, and a heat pipe working medium flows in the first heat exchange cycle loop. The heat pipe working medium absorbs heat at the bottom of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1 to form a gaseous working medium, the gaseous working medium flows upward and releases heat at the top of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1 to form a liquid working medium, and the liquid working medium flows back to the bottom of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1, continuously repeating the cycle.
[0032] In specific implementation, the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1 can be flexibly arranged in the original ventilation shaft in the mine system according to the specific structure and ventilation requirements of the mine, or a suitable location can be selected for arrangement according to the actual situation. This flexible arrangement method enables the system to maximize its adaptation to the complex environment inside the mine and make full use of the existing ventilation system for collaborative cooling.
[0033] Among them, the bottom of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1 extends to the tunneling layer of the mine, and an evaporation section working medium outlet 101 is arranged at its bottom; the evaporation section working medium outlet is connected to the air cooler 2, and then connected to the evaporation section working medium inlet 102; a condensation section working medium outlet 103 is arranged at the top of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1, and the condensation section working medium outlet is connected to the condensation evaporator 5 through a pipeline, and then connected to the condensation section working medium inlet 104 through a pipeline; the heat pump working medium outlet on the other side of the condensation evaporator 5 is connected to the compressor 7, and then connected to the surface cooler 8; the surface cooler 8 is connected to the throttle valve 6, and then connected to the heat pump working medium inlet of the condensation evaporator 5.
[0034] Among them, a fan can be set in the surface cooler under specific circumstances to further strengthen heat exchange.
[0035] Among them, the condensation evaporator 5 can select heat exchange equipment in any other form or structure such as a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger or a spiral heat exchanger. In the condensation evaporator 5, the heat pipe working medium and the heat pump working medium undergo phase changes simultaneously. The heat pipe working medium transfers heat to the heat pump working medium. The heat pipe working medium flowing inside the heat pipe working medium side releases heat and condenses into a liquid state, and the heat pump working medium flowing inside the heat pump working medium side absorbs heat and evaporates into a gaseous state.
[0036] Among them, the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1 has the unique advantage of self-driven pump-less work. The heat pipe working medium vaporizes and absorbs heat to become saturated steam to transport the heat in the air. The gaseous working medium inside it flows to the top of the heat pipe due to the steam pressure difference, while the liquid working medium flows to the bottom due to the gravity effect. No additional pump needs to be installed during the process, which greatly simplifies the underground refrigeration equipment, is convenient for maintenance and reduces energy consumption.
[0037] In some embodiments, the length of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1 is 200 - 4000 m, and the length-diameter ratio of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1 is greater than 5000, which can realize long-distance heat transportation without an additional pump. The bottom of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1 extends into the tunneling layer of the mine to absorb heat from the air in the mine.
[0038] In some embodiments, a plurality of air coolers 2 are provided for different mine spaces.
[0039] In some embodiments, one or more ultra-long gravity heat pipes are provided to form a single-stage or multi-stage refrigeration system.
[0040] In some embodiments, an explosion-proof axial flow fan is further included, and the explosion-proof axial flow fan is arranged in the mine. In a specific implementation, an explosion-proof axial flow fan 3 is installed in the underground part of the first heat exchange circulation loop to promote the heat exchange between the air in the underground mine and the air cooler 2 through forced convection, improve the evaporation efficiency of the heat pipe working medium, and thus further reduce the temperature inside the mine. The use of the explosion-proof fan ensures the safety and reliability of the system in the mine environment.
[0041] In some embodiments, the surface cooler 8 and the condensation evaporator 5 form a second heat exchange circulation loop through pipelines. A heat pump working medium flows in the second heat exchange circulation loop, and a heat pump compressor 7 and an expansion valve 6 are arranged in the second heat exchange circulation loop.
[0042] Among them, the heat pipe working medium flows through the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1 into the underground air cooler 2 to absorb the heat in the mine air and undergo a phase change, forming saturated steam that flows upward, and transferring the heat to the heat pump working medium in the condensation evaporator 5 and condensing into a liquid state; the heat pump working medium absorbs heat and evaporates into a gaseous state in the condensation evaporator 5, exchanges heat in the surface cooler 8 after being heated by the heat pump compressor 7, condenses into a low-temperature liquid state, and then the liquid heat pump working medium enters the expansion valve 6 to cool down and re-enters the condensation evaporator 5 for the next cycle.
[0043] In some embodiments, the heat pipe working medium is ammonia, carbon dioxide, R134a or R22 refrigeration working medium. In specific implementation, different working media have different physical properties, and appropriate working media can be selected according to the specific mine environment and temperature requirements to achieve the best refrigeration effect. By optimizing the selection of the working medium, the normal operation of the system in various extreme environments can be ensured, especially for effective refrigeration in the high-temperature and high-humidity environment of deep mines.
[0044] In some embodiments, a steam regulating valve is arranged at the inlet side of the condensation evaporator and the outlet end of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe, and a flow regulating valve is arranged at the outlet side of the condensation evaporator and the inlet end of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe. In specific implementation, a steam outlet regulating valve 401 and a return liquid flow regulating valve 402 are arranged at the working medium outlet 103 and the working medium inlet 104 of the condensation section of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1, which are used to adjust the steam pressure, circulation flow rate and working temperature of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1 according to the actual underground refrigeration load, so as to achieve efficient temperature regulation and control.
[0045] In some embodiments, the outer surface of the pipeline of the first heat exchange circulation loop, or / and, the outer surface of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe 1 is covered with heat insulation materials to reduce heat dissipation and improve the energy efficiency of the system.
[0046] In some embodiments, the heat pump compressor 7 is configured with frequency conversion technology to adjust according to the actual heat load of the mine and improve the energy efficiency ratio of the system.
[0047] In specific implementation, the implementation method is as follows:
[0048] Step 1. Determine system parameters: Based on the refrigeration load data of the underground tunneling layer, select appropriate heat pipe working fluids, heat pipe sizes, heat pipe evaporation pressures, heat pump types, explosion-proof axial flow fan types, air cooler types, surface cooler types, and compressor types. The parameter selection should be based on the specific conditions and actual requirements of the mine to ensure the efficient operation of the system.
[0049] Step 2. Location determination and layout: After the geological or ventilation roadway inspection, determine the installation location of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe. Arrange the ultra-long gravity heat pipe in the underground tunneling layer to ensure that the bottom condensation section can effectively extend to the area that needs refrigeration.
[0050] Step 3. System preparation: Evacuate the ultra-long gravity heat pipe to remove air and impurities inside the pipe. Subsequently, inject sufficient heat pipe working fluid to ensure the normal operation of the system.
[0051] Step 4. System startup: Open the steam outlet regulating valve, return liquid flow regulating valve, explosion-proof fan, and ground refrigeration equipment to start the system operation. Control the pressure, circulation flow rate, and working temperature of the heat pipe steam by adjusting the steam outlet regulating valve and the return liquid flow regulating valve to ensure that the system can stably refrigerate.
[0052] Step 5. Operation and maintenance: Regularly check the operation status of the system, including the working conditions of the ultra-long gravity heat pipe, the heat exchange effect of the condensation evaporator, and the performance of other key components. Carry out necessary maintenance and adjustment according to actual needs to ensure the long-term stable operation of the system.
[0053] Through the above implementation method, the ultra-long gravity heat pipe deep mine refrigeration system of the present utility model can effectively reduce the mine environment temperature and improve the comfort and safety of mine operations.
[0054] It should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation of the present utility model.
[0055] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on top of" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "underneath" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.
[0056] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "an embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present utility model. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.
[0057] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and characteristics of the present utility model, and the purpose is to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the content of the present utility model and implement it accordingly. It should not be used to limit the protection scope of the present utility model. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the essence of the content of the present utility model should be covered within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. An ultra-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system, characterized in that: include: Extra-long gravity heat pipes, at least the bottom of which extends into the mine; an air cooler, which is arranged in the mine and exchanges heat with the bottom of the super-long gravity heat pipe; A condenser evaporator is disposed on the ground and performs heat exchange with the top of the super-long gravity heat pipe; A surface cooler is arranged on the ground and exchanges heat with the condenser evaporator. The condenser evaporator, the air cooler and the super-long gravity heat pipe form a first heat exchange circulation loop through pipelines, and a heat pipe working medium flows in the first heat exchange circulation loop.
2. The ultra-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the super-long gravity heat pipe is 200-4000m, the aspect ratio of the super-long gravity heat pipe is greater than 5000, and the bottom of the super-long gravity heat pipe extends to the excavation layer of the mine.
3. The ultra-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of air coolers are provided.
4. The ultra-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The super-long gravity heat pipe is provided in one or more pieces.
5. The ultra-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an explosion-proof axial flow fan, which is arranged in the mine.
6. The ultra-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface cooler and the condenser evaporator form a second heat exchange circulation loop through pipelines, a heat pump working medium flows in the second heat exchange circulation loop, and the second heat exchange circulation loop is provided with a heat pump compressor and an expansion valve.
7. The ultra-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat pipe working fluid is ammonia, carbon dioxide, R134a or R22 refrigerant.
8. The ultra-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A steam regulating valve is provided at the inlet side of the condenser evaporator and the outlet end of the super-long gravity heat pipe, and a flow regulating valve is provided at the outlet side of the condenser evaporator and the inlet end of the super-long gravity heat pipe.
9. The ultra-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the pipe of the first heat exchange circulation loop, or / and the outer surface of the super-long gravity heat pipe are covered with a thermal insulation material.
10. The ultra-long gravity heat pipe refrigeration system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heat pump compressor is equipped with variable frequency technology.