Test bed for friction wear test of railway slide plate coating

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of railway detection equipment, and discloses a test bed for a friction wear test of a railway slide plate coating, a horizontal carriage of the test bed comprises a slide plate arranged on a linear guide rail in a sliding manner; the vertical sliding frame comprises a lifting plate arranged on a sliding rod in a sliding mode, and the top of the sliding rod is fixedly connected with a cover plate. The bearing mechanism comprises a screw in threaded connection with the cover plate, the lower end of the screw is slidably connected with a spoke bearing sensor set, the screw is sleeved with a spring, the bottom of the spoke bearing sensor set is fixedly connected with a lifting plate, and the bottom face of the lifting plate is connected with a friction plate. The driving mechanism comprises a motor connected with the reducer, a rotating shaft of the reducer is fixedly connected with a turntable, an eccentric swing shaft of the turntable is rotatably connected with a connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with a push rod matched with the linear bearing, and two ends of the pull pressure sensor are fixedly connected with the push rod and the sliding plate respectively. The test bed can perform tension and pressure simulation and spoke bearing simulation on the experimental sample block, can cool the experimental sample block, and is high in detection precision and stable and reliable in work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of railway detection equipment, in particular to a test bench for friction and wear testing of the coating of a railway slide plate. Background Art

[0002] The turnout is an important component on the railway line, and its normal operation is the basic guarantee for train operation safety. Reducing the switching resistance of the turnout and improving the operation reliability of the turnout have always been the goals pursued by railway departments at home and abroad.

[0003] The switch rail and the stock rail on the turnout are installed on the slideway of the slide plate. When the turnout is switched, relying on the switch machine, the switch rail and the stock rail are driven to move on the slideway of the slide plate through the connecting rod to realize the turnout switching. Reducing the switching resistance of the turnout is mainly to reduce the frictional force when the switch rail and the stock rail are switched on the slideway of the slide plate.

[0004] At present, domestic generally uses lubricating oil or hydraulic oil to lubricate the slideway of the slide plate to reduce the resistance. During the use process, the following problems exist. (1) Poor water resistance: The lubricating oil is easily washed away by rainwater, and the slide plate loses the lubrication and protection function, and the number of lubrication additions increases; after the rainwater washes the lubricating oil, the anti-rust property is poor, which is easy to cause the slide plate to rust, increase the resistance, and affect the normal operation of the equipment. (2) Poor temperature resistance: Affected by high temperature and low temperature environments, the lubricant is easy to fail. (3) Non-degradable: The oil stains formed by the lubricating oil accumulate and pollute the roadbed, resulting in the shock-absorbing rubber pads being easily deformed and embrittled. (4) Short lubrication period: The lubricating oil needs to be applied about once a week, with a large labor intensity and being time-consuming and laborious.

[0005] In view of the above situation, in order to replace the lubricating oil for lubrication and reduce the resistance, the existing improvement is to prepare a composite coating on the slideway of the slide plate. This coating has self-lubricating characteristics and wear resistance, which can ensure the smooth switching of the turnout and has a long service life at the same time. This urgently requires a test bench to conduct wear test experiments on this composite coating to meet the design requirements. Summary of the Utility Model

[0006] The utility model provides a test bench for friction and wear testing of the coating of a railway slide plate. This test bench can simulate the actual working conditions of the turnout, measure the friction coefficient and wear amount of the slideway on the slide plate, can simulate the pulling and pressing force of the test sample block and the wheel spoke load-bearing simulation, realize the cooling of the test sample block, with high detection accuracy and stable and reliable work.

[0007] The above object of the utility model is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A test bench for friction and wear testing of railway slide plate coatings, comprising a horizontal bottom plate, a horizontal slide carriage, a vertical slide carriage, a load-bearing mechanism and a driving mechanism; the horizontal slide carriage includes a linear guide rail fixedly connected to the bottom plate, and a horizontal slide plate is slidably arranged on the linear guide rail; the vertical slide carriage includes a lifting plate horizontal above the slide plate, the lifting plate is slidably arranged on a slide rod fixedly connected perpendicular to the bottom plate, and the top of the slide rod is fixedly connected with a horizontal cover plate; the load-bearing mechanism includes a screw rod screwed in the center of the cover plate, the lower end of the screw rod is slidably connected to a wheel spoke load sensor group, a spring is sleeved on the screw rod, the lower end of the spring abuts against the wheel spoke load sensor group, the upper end of the spring abuts against the bottom surface of the cover plate, the bottom of the wheel spoke load sensor group is fixedly connected to the lifting plate, and the bottom surface of the lifting plate is connected with a friction plate; the driving mechanism includes a reducer fixed on the bottom plate, the reducer is connected to a motor, a turntable is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the reducer, an eccentric swing shaft is fixedly connected perpendicular to the outer surface of the turntable, a connecting rod is rotatably connected to the swing shaft, the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to a push rod, a linear bearing is fixedly connected to the bottom plate, the axis of the linear bearing is consistent with the length direction of the linear guide rail, the push rod is slidably arranged in the linear bearing, the other end of the push rod is fixedly connected to a pull pressure sensor, and the other end of the pull pressure sensor is fixedly connected to the side of the slide plate.

[0009] The above-mentioned test bench for friction and wear testing of railway slide plate coatings, wherein the wheel spoke load sensor group includes a wheel spoke load sensor, a mounting plate and an insertion shaft, a downward-opening sliding hole is provided at the lower end of the screw rod, the insertion shaft is slidably arranged in the sliding hole, the mounting plate is vertically fixedly connected to the bottom end of the insertion shaft, the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the wheel spoke load sensor, and the bottom end of the wheel spoke load sensor is fixedly connected to the lifting plate.

[0010] The above-mentioned test bench for friction and wear testing of railway slide plate coatings, wherein an upward-opening upper cooling cavity is provided in the middle of the lifting plate, and a friction plate is hermetically connected to the opening of the upper cooling cavity; a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet communicated with the upper cooling cavity are provided on the side wall of the lifting plate, a liquid inlet joint is connected to the liquid inlet, and a liquid outlet joint is connected to the liquid outlet.

[0011] The above-mentioned test bench for friction and wear testing of railway slide plate coatings, wherein a downward-opening lower cooling cavity is provided in the middle of the slide plate, an experimental sample block hermetically covers the opening of the lower cooling cavity, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet communicated with the lower cooling cavity are provided on the side wall of the slide plate, a liquid inlet joint is connected to the liquid inlet, and a liquid outlet joint is connected to the liquid outlet.

[0012] The above-mentioned test bench for friction and wear testing of railway slide plate coatings, wherein a plurality of limiting columns are provided along the circumferential direction on the outer edge of the opening of the lower cooling cavity, and limiting holes adapted to the limiting columns are provided along the circumferential direction on the experimental sample block.

[0013] For the above-mentioned test bench for friction and wear testing of railway slide plate coatings, a locking nut is screwed onto the screw rod below the cover plate, an adjusting nut is screwed onto the screw rod below the locking nut, and the adjusting nut abuts against the top of the spring.

[0014] For the above-mentioned test bench for friction and wear testing of railway slide plate coatings, there are four slide rods, and the four slide rods are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the linear guide rail.

[0015] For the above-mentioned test bench for friction and wear testing of railway slide plate coatings, a sliding sleeve adapted to the corresponding slide rod is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the lifting plate.

[0016] For the above-mentioned test bench for friction and wear testing of railway slide plate coatings, the connecting rod includes a screw barrel, a spherical plain bearing, and an adjusting rod. The two ends of the screw barrel are provided with internal threads with opposite helix directions. The adjusting rod is fixedly connected to the outside of the spherical plain bearing, and the two ends of the screw barrel are respectively screwed to the corresponding adjusting rods.

[0017] For the above-mentioned test bench for friction and wear testing of railway slide plate coatings, the screw barrel is in the shape of a multi-sided barrel.

[0018] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0019] By setting a horizontal sliding frame and a driving mechanism, the present utility model can simulate the pulling and pressing forces of the experimental sample block; by setting a vertical sliding frame, the spoke load bearing of the experimental sample block can be simulated. By setting an upper cooling cavity on the lifting plate, the friction plate can be cooled, and by setting a lower cooling cavity on the sliding plate, the experimental sample block can be cooled. This test bench can measure the friction coefficient and wear amount of the experimental sample block on the sliding plate by adjusting the pressure of the spoke load bearing sensor and the motor speed, simulate the friction coefficient and wear amount on the slide table of the slide plate under the actual working conditions of the turnout, and can cool the experimental sample block to simulate the temperature of the actual working environment on site, with high detection accuracy and stable and reliable operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a side view;

[0022] Figure 3 is an exploded structural diagram of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic bottom view structural diagram of the lifting plate of the present utility model.

[0024] Illustration: 1. Bottom plate; 2. Horizontal sliding carriage; 21. Linear guide rail; 22. Slide plate; 221. Lower cooling cavity; 222. Limit post; 3. Vertical sliding carriage; 31. Lifting plate; 311. Upper cooling cavity; 312. Friction plate; 313. Slide sleeve; 32. Slide rod; 33. Cover plate; 4. Load-bearing mechanism; 41. Screw rod; 411. Locking nut; 412. Adjusting nut; 42. Spoke load sensor group; 421. Spoke load sensor; 422. Mounting plate; 423. Insert shaft; 43. Spring; 5. Driving mechanism; 51. Reducer; 52. Motor; 53. Turntable; 531. Swing shaft; 54. Connecting rod; 541. Screw barrel; 542. Spherical plain bearing; 543. Adjusting rod; 55. Push rod; 56. Linear bearing; 6. Tensile and compressive force sensor; 7. Test specimen block. Detailed implementation mode

[0025] The following is further elaborated in conjunction with the attached Figures 1-4 drawings to explain the present utility model in more detail.

[0026] As Figure 1 shown, a test bench for friction and wear testing of railway slide plate coatings includes a horizontal bottom plate 1, a horizontal sliding carriage 2, a vertical sliding carriage 3, a load-bearing mechanism 4 and a driving mechanism 5.

[0027] As Figures 1-3As shown in the figure, the horizontal carriage 2 includes linear guide rails 21 fixedly connected to the bottom plate 1. There are two mutually parallel linear guide rails 21, and a horizontal slide plate 22 slides on the linear guide rails 21; the vertical carriage 3 includes a lifting plate 31 that is horizontal above the slide plate 22. The lifting plate 31 slides on a slide rod 32 that is perpendicularly and fixedly connected to the bottom plate 1. The top of the slide rod 32 is fixedly connected to a horizontal cover plate 33; the load-bearing mechanism 4 includes a screw rod 41 screwed in the center of the cover plate 33. The lower end of the screw rod 41 is slidably connected to a wheel spoke load sensor group 42 that can slide up and down. A spring 43 is sleeved on the screw rod 41. The lower end of the spring 43 abuts against the wheel spoke load sensor group 42, and the upper end of the spring 43 abuts against the bottom surface of the cover plate 33. The bottom of the wheel spoke load sensor group 42 is fixedly connected to the lifting plate 31, and the bottom surface of the lifting plate 31 is connected to a friction plate 312; the driving mechanism 5 includes a speed reducer 51 fixed on the bottom plate 1. The speed reducer 51 is connected to a motor 52. The motor 52 drives the speed reducer 51 to work. A turntable 53 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the speed reducer 51. An eccentric swing shaft 531 is perpendicularly fixedly connected to the outer surface of the turntable 53. A connecting rod 54 is rotatably connected to the swing shaft 531. The other end of the connecting rod 54 is rotatably connected to a push rod 55. A linear bearing 56 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 1. The axis of the linear bearing 56 is consistent with the length direction of the linear guide rail 21. The push rod 55 slides in the linear bearing 56. The push rod 55 can move along the axis direction of the linear bearing 56. The other end of the push rod 55 is fixedly connected to a tension and compression sensor 6. The other end of the tension and compression sensor 6 is fixedly connected to the side of the slide plate 22. The motor 52 drives the speed reducer 51 to work. The rotating shaft of the speed reducer 51 drives the turntable 53 to rotate, thereby driving the swing shaft 531 to eccentrically rotate on the turntable 53, and further driving the connecting rod 54 to swing. Since the other end of the connecting rod 54 is rotatably connected to the push rod 55, the connecting rod 54 drives the push rod 55 to perform a linear reciprocating motion on the linear bearing 56, and drives the slide plate 22 to swing horizontally along the linear guide rail 21 through the tension and compression sensor 6, and detects the tension and compression of the test sample 7 through the tension and compression sensor 6.

[0028] As Figure 3 shown, the wheel spoke load sensor group 42 of this embodiment includes a wheel spoke load sensor 421, a mounting plate 422, and an insertion shaft 423. The lower end of the screw rod 41 is provided with a downward-opening sliding hole. The insertion shaft 423 slides in the sliding hole. The insertion shaft 423 can slide up and down in the sliding hole. The mounting plate 422 is perpendicularly fixedly connected to the bottom end of the insertion shaft 423. The mounting plate 422 is fixedly connected to the top of the wheel spoke load sensor 421. The bottom end of the wheel spoke load sensor 421 is fixedly connected to the lifting plate 31.

[0029] The lower end of the spring 43 presses against the mounting plate 422. The spring 43 can always apply an elastic force to the wheel spoke load sensor 421. The lower end of the wheel spoke load sensor 421 presses against the lifting plate 31, so that the downward pressure can be transmitted to the friction plate 312 in real time to simulate the wheel spoke load bearing force.

[0030] As Figure 3 、4 As shown, in order to prevent the friction plate 312 from overheating due to the heat generated by friction during the experiment, the lifting plate 31 is provided with an upper cooling cavity 311. Specifically, an upper cooling cavity 311 with a downward opening is provided in the middle of the lifting plate 31, and the friction plate 312 is hermetically connected to the opening of the upper cooling cavity 311; liquid inlets and outlets communicating with the upper cooling cavity 311 are provided on the side wall of the lifting plate 31, a liquid inlet joint is connected to the liquid inlet, and a liquid outlet joint is connected to the liquid outlet. The liquid inlet joint is connected to the coolant, and the coolant after heat exchange is discharged from the liquid outlet joint. The coolant in the upper cooling cavity 311 can cool and dissipate heat from the friction plate 312 to simulate the actual working environment temperature on site.

[0031] As Figure 3 shown, in order to prevent the experimental sample block 7 from overheating due to the heat generated by friction during the experiment, the sliding plate 22 is provided with a lower cooling cavity 221. Specifically, a lower cooling cavity 221 with an upward opening is provided in the middle of the sliding plate 22, and the experimental sample block 7 hermetically covers the opening of the lower cooling cavity 221. Liquid inlets and outlets communicating with the lower cooling cavity 221 are provided on the side wall of the sliding plate 22, a liquid inlet joint is connected to the liquid inlet, and a liquid outlet joint is connected to the liquid outlet. The liquid inlet joint is connected to the coolant, and the coolant after heat exchange is discharged from the liquid outlet joint. The coolant in the lower cooling cavity 221 can quickly cool and dissipate heat from the experimental sample block 7.

[0032] As Figure 3 shown, in order to prevent the experimental sample block 7 from sliding relative to the sliding plate 22 during the experiment and affecting the experimental results, a plurality of limiting posts 222 are provided along the circumferential direction on the outer edge of the opening of the lower cooling cavity 221, and limiting holes adapted to the limiting posts 222 are provided along the circumferential direction on the experimental sample block 7 to ensure that the experimental sample block 7 and the sliding plate 22 can perform synchronous horizontal sliding.

[0033] In another embodiment, the experimental sample block 7 is hermetically connected to the opening of the lower cooling cavity 221 and is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 22 by screws.

[0034] As Figure 2 、 3 shown, in order to be able to adjust the pressure of the friction plate 312 on the experimental sample block 7, a locking nut 411 is screwed onto the screw rod 41 below the cover plate 33, an adjusting nut 412 is screwed onto the screw rod 41 below the locking nut 411, and the adjusting nut 412 abuts against the top of the spring 43. By means of the locking nut 411, the tight positioning between the screw rod 41 and the cover plate 33 can be achieved; by adjusting the position of the adjusting nut 412 on the screw rod 41, the telescopic amount of the spring 43 can be adjusted, so as to adjust the pressure of the friction plate 312 on the experimental sample block 7.

[0035] As Figure 1 、 2As shown, the slide bars 32 of this embodiment include four, and the four slide bars 32 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the linear guide rail 21.

[0036] In order to reduce the friction between the lifting plate 31 and the slide bars 32 and improve the detection accuracy, a slide sleeve 313 adapted to the corresponding slide bars 32 is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the lifting plate 31.

[0037] As Figure 1 shown, in order to be able to adjust the swing amplitude of the horizontal sliding of the sliding plate 22, the length of the connecting rod 54 can be adjusted. Specifically, the connecting rod 54 includes a screw barrel 541, a spherical plain bearing 542 and an adjusting rod 543. The two ends of the screw barrel 541 are provided with internal threads with opposite helix directions. The adjusting rod 543 is fixedly connected to the outside of the spherical plain bearing 542. The two ends of the screw barrel 541 are respectively screwed to the corresponding adjusting rods 543, and the screw barrel 541 is in the shape of a multi-sided barrel. By clamping the multi-sided barrel-shaped screw barrel 541 with a fixture and rotating it forward and backward, the adjusting rods 543 on both sides of the screw barrel 541 can be synchronously extended or retracted into the screw barrel 541, so as to realize the adjustment of the length of the connecting rod 54, and further realize the adjustment of the left and right sliding swing amplitude of the sliding plate 22 connected to it, so as to meet the requirements of different experiments.

[0038] This test bench uses a tensile and compressive force sensor 6 (model: HYLY-019) and a spoke load sensor 421 (model: HYLF-010). The tensile and compressive force sensor 6 mainly tests the tensile and compressive forces when the experimental sample block 7 reciprocates, and the spoke load sensor 421 mainly tests the pressure acting on the friction plate 312 during the test. And the data is displayed and recorded by a four-channel curve data recording software:

[0039] First, zero the tensile and compressive force sensor 6 and the spoke load sensor 421 through software, and then use a micrometer to measure and mark the thickness of the experimental sample block 7; the experimental sample block 7 with a coating on the upper surface is installed on the sliding plate 22, and the friction plate 312 is installed on the lifting plate 31.

[0040] Adjust the pressure of the friction plate 312 on the experimental sample block 7 and adjust the speed swing speed of the experimental sample block 7 by the rotation speed of the motor 52, that is, adjust the pressure range of the friction plate 312 by adjusting the adjusting nut 412. For example, the pressure is between 36-40KG, and the pressure data is displayed on the software in real time; the average moving speed of the sliding plate 22 is 30mm / s - 40mm / s, and the corresponding motor speed range is 330-440r / min. Start the motor 52, control the coolant to enter the upper cooling cavity 311 and the lower cooling cavity 221, and the coolant cools the experimental sample block 7 and the friction plate 312 to avoid overheating during the experiment. The motor 52 drives the sliding plate 22 to start reciprocating motion, and at the same time the software displays and records the data of the tensile and compressive force sensor 6 and the spoke load sensor 421 in real time.

[0041] The embodiments of this specific implementation manner are all preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and do not limit the protection scope of the present utility model accordingly. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present utility model shall be covered within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A test bench for friction and wear testing of railway slide bed coatings, characterized in that: The invention comprises a horizontal bottom plate, a horizontal slide, a vertical slide, a load-bearing mechanism and a driving mechanism; the horizontal slide comprises a linear guide rail fixedly connected to the bottom plate, and a horizontal slide is slidably arranged on the linear guide rail; the vertical slide comprises a horizontal lifting plate above the slide, and the lifting plate is slidably arranged on a slide rod vertically fixed to the bottom plate, and the top of the slide rod is fixedly connected to a horizontal cover plate; the load-bearing mechanism comprises a screw rod screwed in the center of the cover plate, and the lower end of the screw rod is slidably connected to the wheel spoke load-bearing sensor group, and a spring is sleeved on the screw, and the lower end of the spring abuts against the wheel spoke load-bearing sensor group, and the upper end of the spring abuts against the bottom surface of the cover plate. The bottom of the load-bearing sensor group is fixedly connected to the lifting plate, and the bottom surface of the lifting plate is connected to the friction plate; the driving mechanism includes a reducer fixed on the bottom plate, the reducer is connected to the motor, the rotating shaft of the reducer is fixedly connected to the turntable, the outer surface of the turntable is vertically fixed to the eccentric swing shaft, the swing shaft is rotatably connected to the connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the push rod, the bottom plate is fixedly connected to a linear bearing, the axis of the linear bearing is consistent with the length direction of the linear guide rail, the push rod is slidably arranged in the linear bearing, the other end of the push rod is fixedly connected to a pulling pressure sensor, and the other end of the pulling pressure sensor is fixedly connected to the side of the slide plate.

2. The railway slide bed coating friction and wear test bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spoke load sensor group includes a spoke load sensor, a mounting plate and an insertion shaft. The lower end of the screw rod is provided with a sliding hole opening downward, the insertion shaft is slidably arranged in the sliding hole, the mounting plate is vertically fixed to the bottom end of the insertion shaft, the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the spoke load sensor, and the bottom end of the spoke load sensor is fixedly connected to the lifting plate.

3. The railway slide bed coating friction and wear test bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An upper cooling cavity opening downward is provided in the middle of the lifting plate, and the opening of the upper cooling cavity is sealed and connected to the friction plate; a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet communicating with the upper cooling cavity are provided on the side wall of the lifting plate, the liquid inlet is connected to a liquid inlet joint, and the liquid outlet is connected to a liquid outlet joint.

4. The railway slide bed coating friction and wear test bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A lower cooling cavity opening upward is provided in the middle of the slide plate, and the experimental sample block is sealed and covers the opening of the lower cooling cavity. A liquid inlet and a liquid outlet communicating with the lower cooling cavity are provided on the side wall of the slide plate, and a liquid inlet joint is connected to the liquid outlet joint.

5. The railway slide bed coating friction and wear test bench according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The opening outer edge of the lower cooling cavity is provided with a plurality of limiting columns along the circumferential direction, and the experimental sample block is provided with limiting holes adapted to the limiting columns along the circumferential direction.

6. The railway slide bed coating friction and wear test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: A locking nut is threadedly connected to the screw rod below the cover plate, an adjusting nut is threadedly connected to the screw rod below the locking nut, and the adjusting nut abuts against the top of the spring.

7. The railway slide bed coating friction and wear test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding rods include four sliding rods, and the four sliding rods are symmetrically distributed along two sides of the linear guide rail.

8. The railway slide bed coating friction and wear test bench according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The outer edge of the lifting plate is fixedly connected to a sliding sleeve adapted to the corresponding sliding rod.

9. The railway slide bed coating friction and wear test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rod comprises a screw barrel, a joint bearing and an adjusting rod. The two ends of the screw barrel are provided with internal threads with opposite rotation directions. The adjusting rod is fixedly connected to the outer side of the joint bearing. The two ends of the screw barrel are respectively screwed to the corresponding adjusting rods.

10. The railway slide bed coating friction and wear test bench according to claim 9, characterized in that: The screw barrel is in the shape of a polygonal barrel.

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