Multi-channel power supply control circuit and device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multichannel power supply control circuit and device. The multichannel power supply control circuit comprises a current transformer, a voltage transformer, a metering module, a main control module and a relay. Wherein the input ends of the current transformer and the voltage transformer are respectively connected with an external alternating current power supply, the output ends of the current transformer and the voltage transformer are respectively connected with the metering module, the metering module, the main control module and the relay are sequentially connected, and the relay is also connected with the output end of the voltage transformer. The electric energy quality of the electric appliance can be detected, and automatic control and safety alarm can be carried out according to the abnormal condition of the electric energy data of the electric appliance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of power control, in particular to a multi-channel power control circuit and device. Background Art

[0002] Traditional power switches can only simply control the power on and off of electrical appliances. When an accident occurs to an electrical appliance, the traditional power switch cannot timely cut off the power of the electrical appliance according to the abnormal electrical energy data of the electrical appliance, which easily leads to safety accidents. Many domestic and foreign experts have carried out a series of investigations and studies on the power consumption of electrical appliances using relevant technologies at an early stage, including controlling the power on and off of electrical appliances, calculating the power consumption of electrical appliances, and recommending energy-saving solutions to users.

[0003] Currently, some power monitoring systems developed by companies can accurately monitor and collect data on the power consumption of various electrical appliances in users' homes. Based on these data collections, these companies can customize individual energy-saving plans for user families, but the corresponding power monitoring systems do not include control modules and safety alarm measures. In recent years, China has paid more and more attention to power quality detection and has also achieved certain achievements in the research and development of detection devices. However, there is currently a lack of a power system on the market that can comprehensively detect the power quality of electrical appliances and automatically control and give safety alarms according to abnormal electrical energy data of electrical appliances. Content of the Utility Model

[0004] The utility model aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related technologies to some extent. For this reason, the first object of the utility model is to provide a multi-channel power control circuit, which can detect the power quality of electrical appliances and can perform automatic control and safety alarm according to abnormal electrical energy data of electrical appliances.

[0005] The second object of the utility model is to provide a multi-channel power control device.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the utility model is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A multi-channel power control circuit includes: a current transformer, a voltage transformer, a metering module, a main control module, and a relay; wherein, the input ends of the current transformer and the voltage transformer are respectively connected to an external AC power supply, the output ends of the current transformer and the voltage transformer are respectively connected to the metering module, the metering module, the main control module, and the relay are connected in sequence, and the relay is also connected to the output end of the voltage transformer.

[0008] Preferably, the multi-channel power control circuit further includes a decoder. The number of the current transformers, voltage transformers, and metering modules is greater than or equal to two. Each of the metering modules is connected to the corresponding current transformer and voltage transformer, and the multiple metering modules are connected to the main control module through the decoder.

[0009] Preferably, the multi-channel power control circuit further includes a memory connected to the main control module, and the memory is used for storing abnormal current and voltage data.

[0010] Preferably, the multi-channel power control circuit further includes a temperature sensor connected to the main control module, and the temperature sensor is used for detecting ambient temperature data.

[0011] Preferably, the multi-channel power control circuit further includes a latch and a relay control module. The input end of the latch is connected to the main control module, the output end of the latch is connected to the input end of the relay control module, and the output end of the relay control module is connected to the relay.

[0012] Preferably, the multi-channel power control circuit further includes a three-stage voltage conversion module. The three-stage voltage conversion modules are connected in sequence, and the first-stage voltage conversion module is connected to the external AC power supply.

[0013] Preferably, the multi-channel power control circuit further includes a plurality of LED lights, and the plurality of LED lights are respectively connected to the main control module through the latch.

[0014] Preferably, the multi-channel power control circuit further includes a buzzer connected to the main control module for alarming abnormal temperature, current, and voltage data.

[0015] Preferably, the main control module is an ESP32 chip, and the metering module is a CS5463 chip.

[0016] To achieve the above object, the second aspect of the present invention provides a multi-channel power control device, including the multi-channel power control circuit described above.

[0017] The present invention has at least the following technical effects:

[0018] The present utility model provides a multi-channel power control circuit and device. The multi-channel power control circuit is designed with an ESP32 as the main control module, a CS5463 as the metering module, and is equipped with sensors and peripheral circuits. The multi-channel power control circuit uses multiple metering modules to provide power detection for multiple input channels, and outputs chip select signals for multiple metering modules through a decoder, which can reduce the occupation of the IO ports of the main control module. Moreover, the AC input terminal converts the AC signals input by the input channels into standard voltages and currents convenient for the metering module to measure through a voltage transformer and a current transformer, and then transmits the data detected by the metering module to the main control module through a serial port for data processing. In addition, each channel of the multi-channel power control circuit uses a relay control module to drive and control the relay, and when the main control module processes the data transmitted by the metering module, it judges whether to convert the on-off state of the relay to achieve the control effect on the connected electronic devices. Among them, in order to overcome the limitation of the peripheral resources of the main control module and avoid the main control module from continuously outputting control signals, a latch is also used to latch the control signal of the relay, reducing the IO port overhead of the main control module. Finally, the current detection, voltage detection, and power detection errors of the multi-channel power control circuit of the present utility model are all below 2%, and the detection error of the multi-channel input electric energy is relatively small. Among them, when the detected data or the ambient temperature data is abnormal, the multi-channel power control circuit can control the power-on state of the input electronic device through the relay and give a safety alarm. The multi-channel power control circuit of the present utility model is sensitive and reliable.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the present utility model will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be understood through the practice of the present utility model. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-channel power control circuit according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a design diagram of the peripheral circuit of the main control module according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a design circuit diagram of the metering module according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a design circuit diagram of the voltage transformer according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a design circuit diagram of the current transformer according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0025] Figure 6 It is a design circuit diagram of the TM74HC138 according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0026] Figure 7 This is the circuit design diagram of the storage chip according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0027] Figure 8 This is the peripheral circuit diagram of the temperature sensor according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0028] Figure 9 This is the schematic diagram of the external connection circuit of ULN2803A according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0029] Figure 10 This is the schematic diagram of the external connection circuit of the 74HC573 latch according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0030] Figure 11 This is the circuit diagram of converting digital power to analog power according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0031] Figure 12 This is the schematic diagram of the LED display circuit according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0032] Figure 13 This is the circuit diagram of the buzzer alarm according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0033] Figure 14 This is the schematic diagram of the test system according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0034] Figure 15 This is the statistical chart of the current error data according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0035] Figure 16 This is the statistical chart of the voltage error data according to the embodiment of the present utility model.

[0036] Figure 17 This is the statistical chart of the power error data according to the embodiment of the present utility model. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] The following details this embodiment. The examples of the embodiment are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present utility model, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present utility model.

[0038] The following describes the multi-channel power control circuit and device of this embodiment with reference to the drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 This is the structural schematic diagram of the multi-channel power control circuit according to the embodiment of the present utility model. As Figure 1As shown in the figure, the multi-channel power control circuit includes: a current transformer, a voltage transformer, a metering module, a main control module, and a relay; wherein, the input ends of the current transformer and the voltage transformer are respectively connected to an external AC power supply, the output ends of the current transformer and the voltage transformer are respectively connected to the metering module, the metering module, the main control module, and the relay are connected in sequence, and the relay is also connected to the output end of the voltage transformer( Figure 1 is not shown in the figure).

[0040] Specifically, the AC signal output by the external AC power supply is converted into a standard voltage and current convenient for the metering module to measure through the current transformer and the voltage transformer. The metering module receives and detects the power data, and then transmits the measurement result to the main control module. The main control module can make corresponding adjustments according to the transmitted real-time data, and ensure the stable operation of the system by controlling the on and off of the relay.

[0041] Next, the hardware design part of the multi-channel power control circuit will be elaborated. The hardware design part of the multi-channel power control circuit includes the design of the main control module and its peripheral circuits.

[0042] The main control module adopted by this multi-channel power control circuit is the ESP32 chip, which is a low-power, high-performance dual-core 32-bit microcontroller with sufficient performance to handle various complex tasks. The ESP32 chip has rich peripherals, including multiple general-purpose input / output pins, analog-to-digital converters, PWM (pulse width modulation) outputs, timers, etc., and has strong peripheral device control capabilities. With its stable performance and built-in self-calibration circuit, the ESP32 chip eliminates the drawbacks of external circuits and provides dynamic voltage regulation, which can well adapt to the changing external environment.

[0043] The main control module is the most core part of the entire system and has programmable properties. Different operation programs and functions can be set according to different required applications. The main control module controls the entire system by executing the program stored in its internal memory, including data processing and decision-making, etc., which can greatly improve the centralized management, operation, and debugging rates of the control system, thereby reducing the occupied space and operation time of the control system. The main control module is also connected to other modules through IO (general-purpose input / output interface) ports, communicates and coordinates with other modules, including data signal input / output, level signal input / output, etc., and coordinates the work of each module to achieve system functions. The peripheral design of this main control module is as Figure 2 shown. This multi-channel power control circuit uses many IO ports of the ESP32 chip to exchange information and transmit control signals with each module, including the input of measurement data, the output of chip selection signals, relay control, the reading of temperature data, and the control of LED (light-emitting diode) lamp display, etc.

[0044] The hardware design part of the multi-channel power control circuit also includes the design of the metering module and its peripheral circuits.

[0045] In this embodiment, the metering module is a CS5463 chip. The CS5463 chip integrates an analog-to-digital converter, a power calculator, a power frequency converter, and a serial interface inside. It can accurately measure instantaneous current, instantaneous voltage, active power, reactive power, harmonic power, temperature, and power factor, and has functions such as voltage detection, meter calibration, programmable measurement, power pulse output, serial communication, on-chip calibration, temperature detection, and phase compensation. The design of the peripheral circuits of the CS5463 chip mainly completes the design of the basic working requirements of the chip, including the design of the crystal oscillator, power supply, analog ground, and digital ground, so as to ensure that the CS5463 chip can maintain normal operation. Secondly, it also includes the acquisition of current, voltage, and power, and the processed signals are collected into the chip for power measurement. The CS5463 chip uses the serial port to communicate bidirectionally with the main control module. The main control module writes commands to the metering module through the serial port, and the metering module transmits the detected data to the main control module in real time. The circuit design of the metering module is as Figure 3 shown. A 4MHz crystal oscillator is used to provide a clock signal for the metering module. The independence of the analog ground and the digital ground ensures that the analog signal and the digital signal are not affected by each other, reducing the error of the measured value. The capacitor in the metering module filters the metering module, which can reduce the influence of high-frequency signals. The current and voltage measurement input terminals of the CS5463 chip are respectively connected to the input channels equipped with current transformers and voltage transformers, and the input terminal data is measured and sent to the main control module through the serial port.

[0046] The current acquisition circuit and the voltage acquisition circuit are respectively connected to the VIN± and IIN± pins of the CS5463 chip, and the sampled signals are input into the CS5463 chip. The five pins of RESET#, SCLK, SDI, SDO, and INT of the CS5463 chip are used to communicate with the main control module. Among them, the RESET#, SCLK, and SDI pins send commands from the main control module to the CS5463 chip, and the SDO and INT pins send data from the CS5463 chip to the main control module.

[0047] Current transformers and voltage transformers are designed at the input end of the multi-channel power control circuit. Current transformers and voltage transformers can not only convert the input AC signals into standard voltages and currents for the metering module to measure, but also provide protection for the circuit. The circuit designs of the voltage transformer and the current transformer are as Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown.

[0048] The voltage transformer is similar in function to a transformer. The voltage transformer selected by the CS5463 chip uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to transform the voltage proportionally, and multiplying the measured voltage by this proportion can complete the voltage measurement in the circuit.

[0049] Since the measured current is relatively large and the voltage is relatively high, which poses a certain danger, a current transformer is designed for measurement and electrical isolation. The current transformer uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert the large current on one side into a small current. The current transformer plays a bridging role and can convert the large current of the electrical equipment and then hand it over to the CS5463 chip for acquisition and calculation.

[0050] As Figure 1 shown, the multi-channel power control circuit further includes a decoder. The number of current transformers, voltage transformers, and metering modules is greater than or equal to two. Each metering module is connected to the corresponding current transformer and voltage transformer, and multiple metering modules are connected to the main control module through the decoder.

[0051] Specifically, the multi-channel power control circuit can be an eight-channel power control circuit. Each channel uses the CS5463 chip to collect voltage and power of the input signal. Since the number of CS5463 chips is too large, the TM74HC138 decoder can be used to output the chip select signal for the CS5463 chips. TM74HC138 is an integrated circuit chip belonging to the 74HC series. It is a 3-8 decoder, usually used to convert the states of three status input lines into the states of eight output lines.

[0052] The three input terminals of TM74HC138 are used to receive three binary input signals to determine the output state. TM74HC138 has eight output terminals, and each port corresponds to an output signal. There is also an enable terminal used to control whether the output is valid. When the enable terminal is at a high level, the output is disabled, and no matter what level the input is, the output terminal remains unchanged; when the enable terminal is at a low level, the output is enabled, and according to the state of the input signal, the corresponding output is selected. The circuit design of TM74HC138 is as Figure 6 shown. The three input terminals of the decoder are connected to three IO ports of the ESP32 chip, and the eight output ports are connected to the chip select signal pins of the eight metering modules. The ESP32 chip can output the chip select signal for the eight metering modules through only three IO ports, reducing the occupation of the IO ports of the ESP32 chip.

[0053] The hardware design part of the multi-channel power control circuit also includes the design of the memory and its peripheral circuits.

[0054] As Figure 1 shown, the multi-channel power control circuit further includes a memory, which is connected to the main control module. The memory is used to store abnormal data of current and voltage.

[0055] When an abnormality occurs in the multi-channel power control circuit, including abnormal current and voltage data collected, it is necessary to record the abnormal data for convenient maintenance. Therefore, in this embodiment, a memory is designed to record the abnormal data to increase the stability of the multi-channel power control circuit.

[0056] The memory uses a CAT25256 storage chip. The CAT25256 storage chip is an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) serial 256kB SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) device with an internal organization of 32X8 bits. It has a 64-byte write cache, supports the serial peripheral interface protocol, and this device is enabled through the chip select input, and the hold input can be used to pause any serial communication with the CAT25256 device. In addition, this device has software and hardware write protection, including partial and full array protection. The circuit design of the storage chip is as Figure 7 shown.

[0057] The clock input, data input, and data output of the CAT25256 storage chip are directly connected to the IO ports of the main control module. When an abnormality occurs in the multi-channel power control circuit, the main control module directly transmits the data to the CAT25256 storage chip through the serial port to store the abnormal data; when it is necessary to analyze the abnormal situation, the main control module can also directly read the internal data of the CAT25256 storage chip through the serial port to analyze the abnormal result. Thus, the memory design can record the abnormal data when an accident occurs in the multi-channel power control circuit, facilitating the maintenance and safety inspection of the multi-channel power control circuit.

[0058] The hardware design part of the multi-channel power control circuit also includes the design of a temperature sensor.

[0059] When the multi-channel power control circuit is working, it will be in an environment with dangerous factors such as high-power electrical appliances and alternating current. When an accident occurs to the electrical appliance or the multi-channel power control circuit, it is likely to cause a safety accident. Therefore, the safety of the multi-channel power control circuit should also be emphasized. For this reason, the multi-channel power control circuit is designed with a temperature sensor to detect the ambient temperature and avoid circuit damage caused by the overheating of the device. When the ambient temperature of the multi-channel power control circuit rises abnormally and exceeds the set value, the multi-channel power control circuit will issue an alarm to remind the user to pay attention to safety. In this embodiment, the temperature sensor used is the HK18B20 type single-bus digital temperature sensor. HK18B20 is a digital temperature sensor that can provide a temperature measurement resolution of 9-12 bits and user-configurable high and low temperature alarm thresholds. The peripheral circuit of the temperature sensor is as Figure 8 shown.

[0060] The HK18B20 uses a single-bus protocol and realizes bus communication by using a control signal. Another feature of the HK18B20 is that it can adopt a parasitic power supply mode. When the bus is at a high level, it is powered through the DQ pin and charges the internal capacitor. When the bus is at a low level, the internal capacitor can supply power to the device. The HK18B20 is connected to the main control module and transmits data in a single-bus mode. The DQ port is directly connected to the IO port of the main control module. Since the DQ pin is an open-drain port, a weak pull-up resistor is required for the external control line during use.

[0061] In this embodiment, the temperature sensor can judge the safety of the multi-channel power control circuit by measuring the external environment data. The temperature sensor measures the ambient temperature of the multi-channel power control circuit to judge whether the circuit is overheated or on fire. When the temperature of the multi-channel power control circuit is abnormal, an alarm will be issued to ensure the safety of the system.

[0062] The hardware design part of the multi-channel power control circuit also includes the design of the relay and its peripheral circuits.

[0063] As Figure 1 shown, the multi-channel power control circuit also includes a latch and a relay control module. The input end of the latch is connected to the main control module, the output end of the latch is connected to the input end of the relay control module, and the output end of the relay control module is connected to the relay.

[0064] The relay, as the execution control part in the multi-channel power control circuit based on CS5463, is a key device for controlling the opening and closing of the circuit. When abnormal situations occur in the current, voltage, and power detected by the metering module, the main control module controls the relay to open and close through instructions, which can ensure the safety of the multi-channel power control circuit and the electrical equipment.

[0065] In this embodiment, the relay used is an SRD-12VDC-SL-B type relay. This relay is small in size and sensitive in response, and is suitable for being used as a controller in the circuit.

[0066] In addition, the multi-channel power control circuit selects a ULN2803A type relay control module. This relay control module is an eight-channel high-voltage-resistant and high-current Darlington transistor array, which can drive the relay. The ULN2803A internally contains eight independent Darlington tube drive single channels, and a freewheeling diode for driving inductive loads is designed inside the ULN2803A. Connecting the Darlington tubes in parallel can achieve a higher output current capacity. Therefore, when there is a module in the multi-channel power control circuit that requires high-current drive, this ULN2803A can be applied in the circuit design.

[0067] As Figure 9As shown, the input terminals of the eight-channel relay can be respectively connected to the eight output terminals Q0-IR to Q7-IR of the ULN2803A, so that the ULN2803A can control the switching of the eight-channel relay respectively. When the main control module detects that the measured power data is abnormal, the main control module controls the relay to disconnect through the ULN2803A, ensuring that each circuit can be disconnected when abnormal current and voltage are measured, and protecting the electrical safety of each electrical appliance.

[0068] In addition, in order to reduce the consumption of peripheral resources of the main control module, a latch is added to the relay. When the relay link latch is in the locked state, it can maintain the switching state of the relay even when the control signal has disappeared. The latch can ensure that the relay remains open or closed for a period of time without continuously applying a control signal, while also saving energy consumption. In addition, it can also prevent the relay state from changing due to accidental control signal fluctuations or interruptions, avoiding unnecessary interruptions or failures.

[0069] In this embodiment, the 74HC573 latch is selected. The 74HC573 latch is an 8-bit D latch with a tri-state output. Its output is a tri-state gate and is a high-performance silicon-gate CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) device.

[0070] The 74HC573 latch has eight data input terminals, eight data output terminals, a latch enable (LE), and an output enable (OE#). When LE is at a high level, the data at the output terminal enters the 74HC573 latch. In this case, the 74HC573 latch is transparent, and each time its corresponding D input changes, the 74HC573 latch output changes. When LE is at a low level, the 74HC573 latch stores the input terminal information at the setup time before the falling edge of LE. A high level on OE# makes the output present a high-impedance state. The operation of the OE# input does not affect the state of the 74HC573 latch. The circuit design diagram is as Figure 10 shown.

[0071] The eight-channel input of the 74HC573 latch, namely D0-D7, is connected to the IO port of the main control module, and the eight-channel output Q0-R to Q7-R is connected to the eight-channel input terminal of the ULN2803A. The main control module can control the relay state through the 74HC573 latch. Due to the latching function of the 74HC573 latch, the main control module does not have to continuously provide a control signal to the relay all the time, thus reducing energy consumption.

[0072] The hardware design part of the multi-channel power control circuit also includes the power module circuit design.

[0073] As Figure 1As shown, the multi-channel power control circuit further includes a three-stage voltage conversion module. The three-stage voltage conversion modules are connected in sequence, and the first-stage voltage conversion module is connected to an external AC power supply.

[0074] The main control module, other modules, sensors, etc. all have rated operating voltages. Therefore, it is also necessary to design a power supply module circuit to convert the input 220V AC power into DC power with different values that can be used by each module and sensor. In this embodiment, the first-stage voltage conversion module uses an AM11-12W12V power supply module to convert the 220V AC power output by the external AC power supply into 12V DC power. AM11-12W12V is a ultra-small volume switching power supply module, which can be used for both AC and DC, and has the advantages of ultra-low ripple, ultra-low power consumption, high efficiency, safety isolation, high reliability, etc. It can stably output even in an extremely complex voltage environment.

[0075] The 220V AC power is converted into 12V DC power through the AM11-12W12V power supply module. Two electrolytic capacitors are connected in parallel at the output end of the AM11-12W12V power supply module to filter the output DC power, and a stable 12V DC power is obtained.

[0076] The 12V to 5V step-down circuit uses an MP1584 chip, which is the second-stage voltage conversion module. The MP1584 chip is a high-voltage step-down switching regulator integrated with an internal high-end high-voltage power MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor). The MP1584 chip adopts a current control mode, which can provide a 3A current output through a simple compensation design and provide a fast loop response. The wide input range of 4.8V to 28V enables it to adapt to various step-down applications, and the operating static current of 100uA allows it to be used in battery-powered applications. By reducing the switching frequency under light load conditions to reduce switching and gate drive losses, the MP1584 chip achieves high conversion efficiency over a wide load range. The frequency reduction function helps prevent the inductor current from getting out of control during the startup process, and the over-temperature protection ensures the stability and reliability of the operation. In the 12V-5V conversion circuit, the power supply converts the obtained 12V DC power into 5V through the MP1584 chip, and filtering is also performed through a capacitor at the output end.

[0077] In the 5V to 3.3V conversion circuit, an AMS1117 series chip, which is the third-stage voltage conversion module, is selected to convert the input 5V voltage into 3.3V voltage. AMS1117 is a common linear voltage regulator, which is usually used for the power supply of various chip circuits and can convert the input power supply voltage into a stable 3.3V or 5V output, with the characteristics of high precision and low noise. In addition, a digital power supply to analog power supply circuit is designed, which can provide appropriate operating power for different modules and sensors. The digital power supply to analog power supply circuit diagram is as Figure 11As shown in the figure. The circuit converts the digital power supply into an analog power supply through an LC filter. In order to suppress noise, a 0-ohm resistor, namely resistor R15, is selected and placed between the analog ground and the digital ground, and the loop current interference is effectively limited through capacitors and resistors.

[0078] The hardware design part of the multi-channel power control circuit also includes the design of the LED display circuit.

[0079] The multi-channel power control circuit also includes multiple LED lights, and the multiple LED lights are respectively connected to the main control module through latches.

[0080] Specifically, each channel of the multi-channel power control circuit uses an LED light as the working power signal light. When the channel is working, the LED light needs to be continuously lit. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the main control module, the multi-channel power control circuit uses a 74HC573 latch to control the eight-way LED lights. The 74HC573 latch can keep the LED lights lit for a period of time without continuously applying a control signal. The design circuit diagram is as Figure 12 shown.

[0081] The main control module is connected to the eight-way input of the 74HC573 latch, and the eight-way LED lights are controlled through the latching function of the 74HC573 latch to reduce energy consumption. In order to detect whether the eight-channel detection ports are working properly, LED lights are designed. The LED lights can intuitively display the working status of the eight channels. If the LED light is on, the channel is working properly; otherwise, the channel has a fault, which is convenient for the future maintenance and repair of the system.

[0082] The hardware design part of the multi-channel power control circuit also includes the design of the buzzer alarm circuit.

[0083] As Figure 1 shown, the multi-channel power control circuit also includes a buzzer, which is connected to the main control module and is used for alarming when the temperature, current, and voltage data are abnormal.

[0084] The buzzer alarm circuit is as Figure 13As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, a buzzer is selected as the alarm device. Since the buzzer is a current-controlled device, a triode is required as a switch to control the on and off. The IO port of the main control module is connected to the negative pole of the buzzer through a triode, and the buzzer is powered by the on and off of the triode. When it is necessary for the buzzer to emit a beeping sound, only the triode needs to be turned on. For a passive electromagnetic buzzer, due to the use of the electromagnetic induction principle, the buzzer is equivalent to an inductor device. When the triode changes from on to off, the buzzer will generate an induced current, which will impact the electronic components and may seriously damage the electronic components. Therefore, a reverse diode needs to be connected in parallel to the buzzer for freewheeling to reduce the damage to the electronic components. In this embodiment, an active electromagnetic buzzer is selected, and adopting this design scheme can avoid damage to the electronic components.

[0085] To make the working principle of the multi-channel power control circuit clearer, the software design part of the multi-channel power control circuit will be described below. The software design part of the multi-channel power control circuit includes the overall system software design, the metering module software design, the temperature sensor software design, and the relay module software design. Among them, the overall system software design mainly analyzes the main process of the system; the metering module software design mainly analyzes the timing operation of the metering module, how to enter the write state and read state of the chip to obtain data; the temperature sensor software design mainly analyzes the temperature register data format of the temperature sensor and the method of obtaining sensor data; the relay module software design mainly analyzes the relay control process.

[0086] (1) Overall system software design

[0087] The multi-channel power control circuit is based on the corresponding hardware and uses the matching software and programming language to complete the entire system design. The overall system software design part mainly reads, stores the data of the chip and sensor, and sends control signals. The overall system software design first initializes the system to make the internal clock signal of the system in a normal working state. After the initialization of the system is completed, the next step is to initialize the metering module, temperature sensor, and relay. After confirming that the metering module, temperature sensor, and relay can work normally, the system detects the system temperature through the temperature sensor. When the detected temperature of the system is within the normal range, the system collects the electrical energy data of the input current, voltage, and power through the metering module and transmits the data to the main control module through the serial port. The main control module receives the data detected by the metering module and controls the relay according to the set range limit, so as to meet the design requirements of the system.

[0088] (2) Metering module software design

[0089] The CS5463 chip is connected to the main control module through the serial port. The main control module controls the timing of the CS5463 chip through the serial port, operates the read and write timing of the CS5463 chip, and completes the configuration of the chip working parameters.

[0090] When the chip select terminal of the CS5463 chip controlled by the main control module is at a low level, the main control module will input a command word to the serial port. When the input command word is a write operation, the main control module will write the data at the rising edge of SCLK. When the input command word is a read operation, the main control module will receive the test data stored in the CS5463 chip register.

[0091] The CS5463 chip and the main control module communicate through the serial port. When the chip select signal is at a low level, an eight-bit command byte is written from the SDI port to control the read and write, and data is written from the SDI port and read from the SDI port. Writing the corresponding command can configure the mode of the CS5463 chip and read the corresponding value on the register.

[0092] 1) Serial port read and write timing of the CS5463 chip

[0093] The CS5463 chip communicates with the main control module through the serial port. The measurement of data and the reading and writing of registers by the CS5463 chip both require the main control module to control through the serial port.

[0094] SPI write process: According to the data manual of the CS5463 chip, find the read and write command words of the CS5463 chip. The main control module sends a register command word with a byte length to the SDI pin to start the write process. Then the main control module immediately sends H bytes of data to the SDI pin. The CS5463 chip will write this data into the configuration register.

[0095] SPI read process: According to the register read and write commands of the CS5463 chip, find the read command word to be read. After the main control module sends the 8-bit read command word to the SDI pin, it starts the read command. Then the CS5463 chip sends the data in the register to the main control module through the SDI pin. In addition, to prevent the CS5463 chip from malfunctioning, the SDI port must send the data 0XFE every time a byte of data is read by SPI. When reading data, if a new register read instruction is sent, starting a new register read command will terminate the current data read process and immediately read the content of the register required by the new instruction.

[0096] 2) Initialization

[0097] Chip initialization is a crucial step before the chip works. For data reading of the chip and controlling the chip's power-on and power-off, read and write operations on the chip are required after chip initialization. If the chip serial port is inconsistent with the chip clock, the instructions input to the chip may not work or produce effects inconsistent with the input instructions.

[0098] A. First, make the SDI, SCLK, and CS pins low.

[0099] B. The main control module sends an initialization sequence to the CS5463 chip through the SPI interface, continuously sending 3 0XFF command words, and then sending a 0XFE command word.

[0100] C. Configure some basic registers of the CS5463 chip.

[0101] D. The main control module sends a 0XE8 command to the CS5463 chip through the SPI interface to set the sampling / measurement mode to continuous calculation cycles and start the CS5463 chip.

[0102] 3) Measurement value reading and conversion

[0103] After the CS5463 chip is initialized, it enters the working state to collect the data input through the input channels and calculates the collected data through the A / D (analog / digital) conversion inside the chip. The calculated values are stored in the corresponding registers, and the data form is a 24-bit signed / unsigned number, which is actually a percentage value of the full scale.

[0104] (3) Temperature sensor software design

[0105] The core function of HK18B20 is direct digital output. The resolution of the temperature sensor is user-programmable at 9, 10, 11, or 12 bits, corresponding to the minimum temperature resolutions of 0.5 °C, 0.25 °C, 0.125 °C, and 0.0625 °C respectively. The power-on default resolution is 12 bits, and HK18B20 is powered on in the low-power idle state. When temperature conversion is required, the main controller must issue the [44h] instruction. The temperature data converted by the temperature sensor is stored in the register inside the temperature sensor. When the temperature sensor completes data measurement and conversion, it will enter the sleep state for a short time.

[0106] The temperature data output by HK18B20 is in the unit of "°C". The signed 16-bit temperature data is stored in 2 8-bit temperature registers. The sign bit S defines whether the data represents a positive or negative temperature: for positive temperature S = 0, for negative temperature S = 1. The main control module controls the SPI interface timing to initialize and perform read and write operations on the temperature sensor to obtain the current ambient temperature.

[0107] The software design process of the temperature sensor is as follows: First, initialize HK18B20, and write instructions to put the temperature sensor into the reading state. First, read the eight-bit low byte, then read the eight-bit high byte, and integrate the high and low bytes to convert them into the temperature value for daily use.

[0108] (4) Software design of the relay module

[0109] The relay is the control device of the system, which controls the opening and closing of the connected device by opening and closing the power to protect the circuit. When the voltage and current detected by the system are normal values, the relay is attracted and has no impact on the connected device. When the detected data is abnormal, the relay disconnects at this time, and the power supply line is disconnected to ensure the safety of the electrical appliance and the system.

[0110] Furthermore, the functions of the multi-channel power control circuit are also tested and verified. Mainly, the current, voltage, and power of the eight-channel test of the multi-channel power control circuit are measured and error analyzed, and the measured data of the eight channels and the voltage value after controlling the relay to disconnect are shown.

[0111] The test system is a multi-channel power control system, which is an eight-channel power control system in this embodiment. When the system works, it will measure the electrical energy of the eight-channel input device. Therefore, the test results of each channel should be tested and error analyzed during the test. The test system is as Figure 14 shown.

[0112] The test system uses alternating current to supply power to the system during the test. The test end connects the eight input channels in series for detection. The input current, voltage, and power can be controlled respectively through the voltage regulating load at the AC input end and the adjustable load at the neutral line end, and the power quality data is detected. The test system obtains the detection data through the network debugging assistant. The test scheme is as follows:

[0113] The test system connects the eight channels in series and connects them to the voltage regulating load at the input end. The input voltage of the system is adjusted by controlling the value of the voltage regulating load at the input end, and the input voltage and the detected voltage are recorded.

[0114] Disconnect the voltage regulating load at the input end and connect the adjustable load at the output end. The input current of the system is adjusted by controlling the resistance value of the adjustable load, and the input current and the detected current are recorded.

[0115] Connect the voltage regulating loads at the input and output ends and the adjustable load to the system, and the power of the system is adjusted by controlling the resistance value of the load. The input power and the detected power are recorded.

[0116] The recorded data is displayed in the form of a chart and error analysis is performed.

[0117] In the system test section, the input electrical energy data, including current, voltage, and power, are recorded separately from the electrical energy data of the system test. The data of current, voltage, and power are respectively made into a current test table, a current error table, a voltage test table, a voltage error table, a power test table, and a power error table, and the data are analyzed separately. The system is connected to the host computer through a serial port, and the data detected by the system are obtained through a network debugging assistant. According to the data received by the network debugging assistant and in accordance with the transmission format, the detected current, voltage, and power data are calculated and recorded.

[0118] The system current test data and the system current test error data are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 below.

[0119] Table 1 System Current Test Data Table

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] Table 2 System Current Test Error Data Table

[0123] Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 Channel 5 Channel 6 Channel 7 Channel 8 2.00 2.00 0.00 2.00 2.00 0.00 2.00 2.00 1.43 0.00 1.43 1.43 0.00 1.43 0.00 1.43 1.25 1.25 0.00 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.50 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.67 0.33 0.67 0.33 2.00 0.50 0.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.50 0.75 1.00 0.60 0.80 0.80 1.60 0.80 0.40 0.20 0.20 1.50 0.50 1.67 0.50 0.33 0.33 0.50 0.50 0.86 0.29 0.29 1.00 0.29 0.43 0.71 1.57 1.88 1.63 1.63 1.75 1.88 1.75 1.88 1.63 1.00 1.11 1.33 0.11 0.67 0.56 1.56 0.67 0.20 0.80 0.20 0.80 0.50 0.60 0.20 0.90

[0124] As shown in Table 1, the test system measured different current values in the range of 0 - 10A, recorded the test results in a table, and calculated the system current test error through the error formula. The system current test error data are shown in Table 2.

[0125] Figure 15 This is a statistical chart of the current error data. As Figure 15 shown, the system tested the test error in the current range of 0 - 10A. After calculation, the maximum current test error is 2%, and the minimum error is 0%, which meets the system design requirements.

[0126] The system voltage test data and the system voltage test error data are shown in Table 3 and Table 4 below.

[0127] Table 3 System Voltage Test Data Table

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] Table 4 System Voltage Test Error Data Table

[0131] Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 Channel 5 Channel 6 Channel 7 Channel 8 0.27 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.14 0.05 0.14 0.09 0.14 0.32 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.27 0.09 0.05 0.18 0.68 0.18 0.59 0.14 0.18 0.14 0.09 0.14 0.18 0.09 0.05 0.18 0.05 0.18 0.14 0.32 0.05 0.36 0.09 0.00 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.14 0.23 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.32 0.14 0.14 0.05 0.14 0.14 0.09 0.14 0.27 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.32 0.09 0.09 0.23 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.27 0.05 0.09 0.23 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.23 0.09 0.09 0.14 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.14 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.23 0.05 0.14 0.14 0.09 0.14 0.05 0.14 0.27 0.09 0.14 0.14 0.55 0.27 0.18 0.41

[0132] As shown in Table 3, the test system tested different voltage values in the range of 0 - 250V, recorded the test data in a table, and calculated the system voltage test error data according to the error formula. The system voltage test error data are shown in Table 4.

[0133] Figure 16 It is a statistical chart of voltage error data. As Figure 16 shown, through error calculation, the maximum voltage error of the system test is 0.68%, and the minimum error is 0%, meeting the system design requirements.

[0134] The system power test data and the system power test error data are shown in Table 5 and Table 6 below.

[0135] Table 5 System Power Test Data Table

[0136]

[0137]

[0138] Table 6 System Power Test Error Data Table

[0139] Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 Channel 5 Channel 6 Channel 7 Channel 8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.25 0.42 0.83 1.25 0.83 1.67 0.42 1.25 1.00 1.75 1.50 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.50 1.75 1.17 0.17 1.00 1.50 0.33 0.50 0.17 0.83 1.07 1.19 0.23 1.07 0.24 0.36 0.60 0.71 0.42 0.17 0.59 0.92 0.08 0.59 1.09 1.60 0.65 1.11 0.59 1.38 1.58 1.38 0.19 0.46 1.41 1.62 1.26 0.25 1.41 0.61 1.82 0.96 0.48 0.91 0.35 1.30 1.17 0.22 0.61 1.13

[0140] As shown in Table 5, the test system tested different power values between 0 - 2500W, recorded the tested power values in a table, and calculated the system power test error data according to the error formula. The system power test error data is shown in Table 6.

[0141] Figure 17 It is a statistical chart of power error data. As Figure 17 shown, through error calculation, the maximum power error of the system test is 2%, and the minimum error is 0%, meeting the system design requirements.

[0142] In the analysis of the error values of the system, the experiment respectively tested the voltage, current, and power of eight channels, and conducted error data analysis with the input voltage, current, and power. According to the error values of the error analysis of the current, voltage, and power tests, it shows that the error between the test values and the actual values of the system is small, and the system data is reliable.

[0143] At the same time, when a safety value is set for the system, when the system detects that the detected value of a certain channel exceeds the safety value, it will control the relay to disconnect to protect the circuit safety. At this time, the voltages of all eight channels are 0.

[0144] Furthermore, the present utility model also provides a multi - channel power control device, including the above - mentioned multi - channel power control circuit.

[0145] In summary, the present utility model provides a multi-channel power control circuit and device. The multi-channel power control circuit is designed with an ESP32 as the main control module, a CS5463 as the metering module, and is equipped with sensors and peripheral circuits. The multi-channel power control circuit uses multiple metering modules to provide power detection for multiple input channels, and outputs chip selection signals for multiple metering modules through a decoder, which can reduce the occupation of the IO ports of the main control module. Moreover, the AC input terminal converts the AC signals input by the input channels into standard voltages and currents convenient for the metering module to measure through a voltage transformer and a current transformer, and then transmits the data detected by the metering module to the main control module through a serial port for data processing. In addition, each channel of the multi-channel power control circuit uses a relay control module to drive and control the relay, and when the main control module processes the data transmitted by the metering module, it judges whether to convert the on / off state of the relay to achieve the control effect on the connected electronic device. Among them, in order to overcome the limitation of the peripheral resources of the main control module and avoid the continuous output of control signals by the main control module, a latch is also used to latch the control signal of the relay, reducing the IO port overhead of the main control module. Finally, the current detection, voltage detection, and power detection errors of the multi-channel power control circuit are all below 2%, and the detection error of the multi-channel input power is small. Among them, when the detected data or the ambient temperature data is abnormal, the multi-channel power control circuit can control the power-on state of the input electronic device through the relay and give a safety alarm. The multi-channel power control circuit is sensitive and reliable.

[0146] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "including a..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the said element.

[0147] Although the content of the present utility model has been introduced in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be recognized that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present utility model. After those skilled in the art have read the above content, various modifications and substitutions of the present utility model will be obvious. Therefore, the protection scope of the present utility model should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-channel power supply control circuit, characterized in that: include: A current transformer, a voltage transformer, a metering module, a main control module and a relay; wherein the input ends of the current transformer and the voltage transformer are respectively connected to an external AC power supply, the output ends of the current transformer and the voltage transformer are respectively connected to the metering module, the metering module, the main control module and the relay are connected in sequence, and the relay is also connected to the output end of the voltage transformer; It also includes a decoder, the number of the current transformer, voltage transformer, and metering module is greater than or equal to two, each metering module is connected to the corresponding current transformer and voltage transformer, and multiple metering modules are connected to the main control module through the decoder.

2. The multi-channel power supply control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a memory connected to the main control module, and the memory is used to store current and voltage abnormality data.

3. The multi-channel power supply control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a temperature sensor connected to the main control module, and the temperature sensor is used to detect ambient temperature data.

4. The multi-channel power supply control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a latch and a relay control module, wherein the input end of the latch is connected to the main control module, the output end of the latch is connected to the input end of the relay control module, and the output end of the relay control module is connected to the relay.

5. The multi-channel power supply control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes three-level voltage conversion modules, which are connected in sequence, and the first-level voltage conversion module is connected to the external AC power supply.

6. The multi-channel power supply control circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of LED lights, and the plurality of LED lights are respectively connected to the main control module through the latch.

7. The multi-channel power supply control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a buzzer, which is connected to the main control module and is used for abnormal alarm of temperature, current and voltage data.

8. The multi-channel power supply control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control module is an ESP32 chip, and the metering module is a CS5463 chip.

9. A multi-channel power supply control device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a multi-channel power supply control circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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