High-rise escape slow descent test system
By combining the design of the automatic decoupling device and the PLC controller, the problem of insufficient automatic decoupling efficiency of high-rise escape descenders is solved, ensuring the safety and reliability of high-rise escape tests.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422227674.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-11
AI Technical Summary
The automatic decoupling device of the existing high-rise escape descent device rotates in high altitude, resulting in poor decoupling efficiency, affecting the test effect, and needs to be improved to ensure safety and reliability.
A high-rise escape and slow-down test system is designed, including an automatic decoupling device, a slow-down device, a hoist and a PLC controller. The reliability and safety of automatic decoupling are ensured through the lever principle and sensor components, and the PLC controller is used to achieve accurate control of automatic decoupling.
It realizes the safety and speed of automatic decoupling, improves the testing effect of slow-down test, and provides good safety guarantees for high-rise escapes.
Smart Images
Figure CN223050852U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of fire safety, and particularly relates to a high-rise building escape descent test system. Background Art
[0002] With the acceleration of China's urbanization process in recent years, the number of high-rise buildings in large, medium and small cities has increased sharply, and the floors are getting higher and higher. High-rise fire safety has become a difficult problem troubling people's lives. There are various types of descenders for high-rise building escape on the market. Manufacturers of descenders need to test the descent effect and automatic unhooking of the descenders. Generally, the test results of the descenders meet the requirements. However, in mid-air, the rope and the hook device will rotate simultaneously, resulting in poor test results for automatic unhooking and affecting the unhooking efficiency. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the existing high-rise building escape descent test system, especially the automatic unhooking device, to ensure absolute safety. Content of the Utility Model
[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a high-rise building escape descent test system with a simple structure, safety and reliability, and convenient and fast automatic unhooking.
[0004] The utility model adopts the following technical scheme: A high-rise building escape descent test system includes a descender and a fixed frame arranged on the top floor of a high-rise building. A counterweight is arranged at the rear side of the fixed frame. The upper part of the front side of the fixed frame extends out of the wall to form a cantilever frame. A winch is arranged on the fixed frame. A fixed pulley is arranged at the upper part of the front side of the cantilever frame. The lifting rope of the winch bypasses the fixed pulley forward and then is connected downward with a hook. An automatic unhooking device is hung on the hook. The descender is fixedly arranged on the automatic unhooking device. The descent rope bypassed on the descender is hung at the lower end of the automatic unhooking device. The descent rope is connected with a heavy object directly below the automatic unhooking device.
[0005] The automatic unhooking device includes a vertically arranged hook body. A hanging hole for hanging on the hook is arranged at the upper end of the hook body. The lower part of the hook body is hinged with a hook locking device through a first pin shaft. The hook locking device is composed of two plate bodies respectively located on both sides of the hook body. One end of the hook locking device is provided with a second pin shaft parallel to the first pin shaft. A spring shaft connecting seat is arranged on the hook body above the hook locking device and adjacent to the second pin shaft. A tension spring is arranged between the second pin shaft and the spring shaft connecting seat. The bottom of the other end of the hook locking device is provided with a positioning card slot with an open bottom. The lower end of the hook body is hinged with a hook through a third pin shaft. The upper end of the hook extends into and is clamped in the positioning card slot. The descent rope is hung on the hook. Under the pulling force of the tension spring, the hook locking device takes the first pin shaft as a fulcrum, and the end of the hook locking device with the positioning card slot presses down the upper end of the hook.
[0006] A circular stroke trigger disc is horizontally provided at the upper part of the hook body. The descender is connected with a lifting ring through bolts. The descender is connected to the lower part of the stroke trigger disc on the lifting ring. A stroke limit sensing component that touches and cooperates with the stroke trigger disc is provided in the middle of the cantilever frame.
[0007] A fixing nut that penetrates up and down is fixedly provided at one end of the hook lock near the second pin shaft. An unhooking trigger adjusting bolt is threadedly connected in the fixing nut. A locking nut that presses against the top of the fixing nut is threadedly connected to the unhooking trigger adjusting bolt; A hook release trigger plate is horizontally provided at the lower part of the front side of the cantilever frame. A circular hole for passing through the automatic unhooking device is opened in the middle of the hook release trigger plate. The center lines of the stroke trigger disc, the circular hole and the lifting rope coincide.
[0008] The stroke limit sensing component includes a horizontal plate fixedly arranged on the cantilever frame in the left - right direction. An installation frame is respectively provided on the left side and the right side of the horizontal plate symmetrically about the lifting rope. Each installation frame is connected with a mounting plate in front of the horizontal plate by four bolt assemblies. Two adjusting holes are opened in the mounting plate in the vertical direction. A travel switch that touches the stroke trigger disc is arranged on the front side of the mounting plate. The travel switch is fixedly connected to the mounting plate through a connecting bolt passing through the two adjusting holes.
[0009] Adopting the above - mentioned technical solution, both the travel switch and the winch of the present utility model are connected to a PLC controller through signal lines. An in - place sensor located at the position of the vertical projection of the heavy object is arranged on the ground. The in - place sensor is also connected to the PLC controller through a signal line. The PLC controller is also connected with a timer.
[0010] The specific process of using this utility model is as follows: During the escape experiment, at the ground, connect the sling connected to the heavy object with the descent rope of the descender, then hang the buckle set on the descent rope onto the hook. Next, press down the end of the hook locking device with the trigger adjustment bolt to overcome the tension of the tension spring. With the first pin as the fulcrum, the end of the hook locking device with the positioning slot moves upward. Then, rotate the hook upward until the upper end of the hook extends into the positioning slot. Under the action of the tension spring, the end of the hook locking device with the positioning slot presses downward on the upper end of the hook to position and snap the upper end of the hook into the positioning slot. Then start the winch. The winch pulls the lifting rope to move upward around the fixed pulley. The lifting rope lifts the entire automatic hook release device, the descender, and the heavy object upward together through the hook until the stroke trigger disc passes through the round hole of the hook release trigger plate. Then, the upper end of the hook release trigger adjustment bolt on the upper part of one end of the hook locking device is blocked by the hook release trigger plate. The hook release trigger plate generates a downward pressing force on the trigger adjustment bolt, and the pressing force pulls the tension spring to elongate. The other end of the hook locking device rotates upward with the first pin as the fulcrum, and the positioning slot also moves up and down until the upper end of the hook disengages from the positioning slot. The hook rotates downward around the third pin, and the buckle on the descent rope automatically slides off the hook, thus completing the automatic hook release. The gravity of the heavy object directly acts on the descent rope. The descent rope pulls the descender, and the descender slowly and uniformly moves the descent rope downward. At the same time when the hook disengages from the positioning slot, the upper surface of the stroke trigger disc touches two stroke switches or one of the stroke switches. The stroke switch transmits the signal that the stroke trigger disc is in place to the PLC controller. The PLC controller issues a stop command to the winch, and the winch stops, locking the lifting rope. At the same time, the PLC controller sends a signal to start timing to the timer. Until the heavy object slowly falls to the ground, the in-place sensor transmits the signal that the heavy object has descended in place to the PLC controller. The PLC controller sends a signal to complete timing to the timer. According to the height of the heavy object from the ground when the hook release starts and the time for the heavy object to slowly descend through the descender, the descending speed of the heavy object can be calculated.
[0011] Each component of this utility model has the following functional effects:
[0012] 1) The automatic hook release device uses the tension of the tension spring on one end of the hook locking device to be converted into the pressure of the other end of the hook locking device on the upper end of the hook through the lever principle. This pressure ensures that the upper end of the hook is snapped into the positioning slot, ensuring the safety and reliability during the process of lifting the heavy object.
[0013] 2) The automatic hook release device uses the fixed hook release trigger plate to block the upward-lifting hook release trigger adjustment bolt. By pressing down the hook release trigger adjustment bolt to elongate the tension spring, and at the same time using the lever principle to move the positioning slot upward to disengage from the upper end of the hook, thus realizing the automatic hook release.
[0014] 3) Since the lifting rope rotates during the process of lifting a heavy object, the automatic hook release device will also rotate. As a result, the hook release trigger adjusting bolt also has a rotational movement during the upward lifting process. Therefore, the hook release trigger plate with a round hole provided in the present utility model will block the hook release trigger adjusting bolt no matter where it rotates to, thus ensuring the reliability of the automatic hook release.
[0015] 4) Horizontally and fixedly arranged on the upper part of the hook body is a travel trigger disc (which first has the function of fixedly connecting a speed reducer). The travel trigger disc also has a rotational movement during the upward lifting process. Therefore, the travel trigger disc is set to be circular, and two travel switches are symmetrically arranged about the lifting rope on the left and right. As long as one travel switch is touched, the winch can stop. When one travel switch is damaged, it can also limit the highest position of the upward movement of the automatic hook release device, preventing the automatic hook release device from being lifted upward to the fixed pulley and causing damage to the device, and seriously resulting in safety accidents.
[0016] 5) Two adjustment holes are vertically provided along the installation plate for adjusting the installation position of the travel switch, and by adjusting the height of the trigger adjusting bolt protruding from the top of the hook locking device, the time when the travel trigger disc touches the travel switch is made equal to or slightly later than (within 1 second) the detachment time when the upper end of the hook disengages from the positioning card slot. Four bolt assemblies can be used to adjust the position of the travel switch in the front - rear direction.
[0017] In summary, the principle of the present utility model is scientific, the design is reasonable, and the structure is compact. It realizes automatic hook release during the high - rise building escape speed reduction test, and the hook release is safe and fast, improving the test effect of the speed reduction test and providing good safety guarantee for application in high - rise building escape. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 is the three - dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present utility model;
[0019] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the enlarged view of part A in
[0020] Figure 3 is the planar structural schematic diagram of the present utility model;
[0021] Figure 4 is Figure 3 the enlarged view of part B in
[0022] Figure 5 is the three - dimensional structural schematic diagram of the travel limit sensing assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0023] The following further describes in detail the embodiments of the present utility model in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.
[0024] AsFigures 1 - 5 As shown in the figure, a high-rise building escape lowering test system of the present utility model includes a lowering device 1 and a fixed frame 2 provided on the top of a high-rise building. A counterweight 3 is provided at the rear side of the fixed frame 2. The upper part of the front side of the fixed frame 2 extends out of the wall body 4 to form a cantilever frame 5. A winch 6 is provided on the fixed frame 2. A fixed pulley 7 is provided at the upper part of the front side of the cantilever frame 5. The lifting rope 8 of the winch 6 bypasses the fixed pulley 7 forward and then is connected downward with a hook 9. An automatic decoupling device 10 is hung on the hook 9. The lowering device 1 is fixedly provided on the automatic decoupling device 10. The lowering rope 11 bypassed on the lowering device 1 is hung at the lower end of the automatic decoupling device 10. The lowering rope 11 is connected with a heavy object 12 directly below the automatic decoupling device 10.
[0025] The automatic decoupling device 10 includes a vertically arranged hook body 13. A hanging hole 14 for hanging on the hook 9 is provided at the upper end of the hook body 13. The lower part of the hook body 13 is hinged with a hook locking device 16 through a first pin shaft 15. The hook locking device 16 is composed of two plate bodies respectively located on both sides of the hook body 13. One end of the hook locking device 16 is provided with a second pin shaft 17 parallel to the first pin shaft 15. A spring shaft connecting seat 18 is provided on the hook body 13 above the hook locking device 16 and adjacent to the second pin shaft 17. A tension spring 19 is provided between the second pin shaft 17 and the spring shaft connecting seat 18. The bottom of the other end of the hook locking device 16 is provided with a positioning card slot 20 with an open bottom. The lower end of the hook body 13 is hinged with a hanging hook 22 through a third pin shaft 21. The upper end of the hanging hook 22 extends into and is clamped in the positioning card slot 20. The buckle 37 provided on the lowering rope 11 is hung on the hanging hook 22. Under the pulling force of the tension spring 19, with the first pin shaft 15 as the fulcrum, the hook locking device 16 has one end with the positioning card slot 20 pressing down on the upper end of the hanging hook 22.
[0026] A circular stroke trigger disc 23 is horizontally provided at the upper part of the hook body 13. The lowering device 1 is connected with a lifting ring 24 through bolts. The lowering device 1 connected to the lifting ring 24 is located below the stroke trigger disc 23. A stroke limit sensing component 25 in touch cooperation with the stroke trigger disc 23 is provided in the middle of the cantilever frame 5.
[0027] The hook locking device 16 is fixedly provided with a vertically penetrating fixing nut 26 at one end adjacent to the second pin shaft 17. An unlocking trigger adjusting bolt 27 is threadedly connected in the fixing nut 26. A locking nut 28 pressed against the top of the fixing nut 26 is threadedly connected to the unlocking trigger adjusting bolt 27. A decoupling trigger plate 29 is horizontally provided at the lower part of the front side of the cantilever frame 5. A circular hole 30 for passing through the automatic decoupling device 10 is opened in the middle of the decoupling trigger plate 29. The stroke trigger disc 23, the circular hole 30 and the center line of the lifting rope 8 coincide.
[0028] The stroke limit sensing assembly 25 includes a cross plate 31 horizontally fixed on the cantilever frame 5 in the left-right direction. On the left and right sides of the cross plate 31, there is a mounting bracket 32 symmetrically arranged about the lifting rope 8 respectively. Each mounting bracket 32 is connected with a mounting plate 35 in front of the cross plate 31 by four bolt assemblies 34. Two adjustment holes 36 are vertically formed in the mounting plate 35. A travel switch 33 that touches the stroke trigger disc 23 is arranged on the front side of the mounting plate 35. The travel switch 33 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 35 through a connecting bolt passing through the two adjustment holes 36.
[0029] The travel switch 33 and the winch 6 of the present utility model are both connected to a PLC controller through signal lines. An in-place sensor is provided on the ground at the position where the vertical projection of the heavy object 12 is located. The in-place sensor is also connected to the PLC controller through a signal line. The PLC controller is further connected with a timer. The PLC controller, the in-place sensor and the timer are not shown in the figure.
[0030] The specific process of using this utility model is as follows: During the escape experiment, at the ground, connect the sling connected to the heavy object 12 with the descent rope 11 of the descender 1, then hang the buckle set on the descent rope 11 onto the hook 22. Next, press down the end of the hook lock 16 with the trigger adjustment bolt to overcome the tension of the tension spring 19. With the first pin shaft 15 as the fulcrum, the end of the hook lock 16 with the positioning slot 20 moves upward. Then rotate the hook 22 upward until the upper end of the hook 22 extends into the positioning slot 20. Under the action of the tension spring 19, the end of the hook lock 16 with the positioning slot 20 presses downward on the upper end of the hook 22 to position and clamp the upper end of the hook 22 in the positioning slot 20. Then start the winch 6, and the winch 6 pulls the lifting rope 8 to move upward around the fixed pulley 7. The lifting rope 8 lifts the entire automatic decoupling device 10, the descender 1, and the heavy object 12 upward through the hook 9 until the stroke trigger disc 23 passes through the round hole 30 of the decoupling trigger plate 29. Then, the upper end of the decoupling trigger adjustment bolt 27 on the upper part of one end of the hook lock 16 is blocked by the decoupling trigger plate 29. The decoupling trigger plate 29 generates a downward pressing force on the trigger adjustment bolt, and the pressing force pulls the tension spring 19 to elongate. The other end of the hook lock 16 rotates upward with the first pin shaft 15 as the fulcrum, and the positioning slot 20 also moves up and down until the upper end of the hook 22 disengages from the positioning slot 20. The hook 22 rotates downward around the third pin shaft 21, and the buckle on the descent rope 11 automatically slides off the hook 22, thus completing the automatic decoupling. The gravity of the heavy object 12 directly acts on the descent rope, the descent rope pulls the descender 1, and the descender 1 slowly and evenly moves the descent rope downward. At the same time when the hook 22 disengages from the positioning slot 20, the upper surface of the stroke trigger disc 23 touches two stroke switches 33 or one of the stroke switches 33. The stroke switch 33 transmits the signal that the stroke trigger disc 23 is in place to the PLC controller. The PLC controller issues a stop command to the winch 6, and the winch 6 stops and locks the lifting rope 8. At the same time, the PLC controller sends a signal to start timing to the timer. Until the heavy object 12 slowly falls to the ground, the in-place sensor transmits the signal that the heavy object 12 has descended in place to the PLC controller. The PLC controller sends a signal to complete timing to the timer. According to the height of the heavy object 12 from the ground when the decoupling starts and the time for the heavy object 12 to slowly descend through the descender 1, the descending speed of the heavy object 12 can be calculated.
[0031] The descender 1, winch 6, stroke switch 33, PLC controller, in-place sensor, and timer in this utility model are all prior arts, and these components can be purchased in the market. It should be emphasized that: The signal transmission and automatic control between the PLC controller and the winch 6, stroke switch 33, in-place sensor, and timer do not involve new computer programs.
[0032] The above embodiments illustrate the basic principles and features of the present utility model. However, the above only illustrates the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and is not limited by the said embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art, inspired by this patent, can also make many forms of deformation and improvement without departing from the purpose of the present utility model and the scope protected by the claims. These all fall within the protection scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the patent and protection scope of the present utility model shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims
1. A high-rise escape slow descent test system, comprising a descender and a fixed frame arranged on the roof of the high-rise building, a counterweight is arranged on the rear side of the fixed frame, the upper front side of the fixed frame extends out of the wall to form a cantilever frame, a winch is arranged on the fixed frame, a fixed pulley is arranged on the upper front side of the cantilever frame, a hoisting rope of the winch passes forward around the fixed pulley and then is connected to a hook downward, characterized in that: An automatic unhooking device is hung on the hook, a descender is fixed on the automatic unhooking device, a descending rope passing around the descender is hung on the lower end of the automatic unhooking device, and a weight is connected to the descending rope just below the automatic unhooking device.
2. A high-rise escape slow descent test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic unhooking device includes a vertically arranged hook body, a hanging hole for hanging on the hook is provided at the upper end of the hook body, a locking hook device is hingedly connected to the lower part of the hook body through a first pin shaft, the locking hook device is composed of two plates respectively located on both sides of the hook body, a second pin shaft parallel to the first pin shaft is provided at one end of the locking hook device, a spring shaft connecting seat located above the locking hook device and adjacent to the second pin shaft is provided on the hook body, a tension spring is provided between the second pin shaft and the spring shaft connecting seat, a positioning slot with an open bottom is provided at the bottom of the other end of the locking hook device, a hook is hingedly connected to the lower end of the hook body through a third pin shaft, the upper end of the hook is extended into and connected to the positioning slot, and the descent rope is hung on the hook; under the tension of the tension spring, the locking hook device uses the first pin shaft as a fulcrum, and one end of the locking hook device with the positioning slot presses downward on the upper end of the hook.
3. A high-rise escape slow descent test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A circular travel trigger disk is horizontally arranged on the upper part of the hook body, and the descender is connected to a lifting ring through bolts, and the descender located below the travel trigger disk is connected to the lifting ring. A travel limit sensor component that contacts and cooperates with the travel trigger disk is arranged in the middle of the cantilever frame.
4. A high-rise escape slow descent test system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A fixing nut which is transparent from top to bottom is fixedly provided at one end of the locking hook adjacent to the second pin shaft, a unhooking trigger adjusting bolt is threadedly connected to the inner thread of the fixing nut, and a locking nut which is crimped to the top of the fixing nut is threadedly connected to the upper thread of the unhooking trigger adjusting bolt; an unhooking trigger plate is horizontally provided at the lower front part of the cantilever frame, a circular hole for passing the automatic unhooking device is opened in the middle of the unhooking trigger plate, and the center line of the travel trigger disk, the circular hole and the lifting rope coincide.
5. A high-rise escape slow descent test system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The travel limit sensor assembly includes a horizontal plate fixed on the cantilever frame horizontally along the left and right directions. A mounting frame is respectively provided on the left and right sides of the cross plate symmetrically about the lifting rope. Each mounting frame is connected to a mounting plate located in front of the cross plate by a four-bolt assembly. Two adjustment holes are opened in the vertical direction on the mounting plate. A travel switch that touches the travel trigger disk is provided on the front side of the mounting plate. The travel switch is fixedly connected to the mounting plate by connecting bolts passing through the two adjustment holes.