Runoff sediment collecting device for runoff area

Abstract

The utility model provides a runoff sediment collecting device in a runoff area and relates to the field of water and soil conservation tests, a surface runoff collecting box is attached to the section where the slope bottom of the runoff area is located and is in butt joint with the slope bottom of the runoff area, and an interflow collecting box is attached to the section where the slope bottom of the runoff area is located and is in butt joint with the slope bottom of the runoff area. The interflow collecting box is located below the surface runoff collecting box, the interflow collecting box and the surface runoff collecting box are both of a semicircular box body structure, water inlets and water outlets are formed in the two collecting boxes, the water outlets coincide with the symmetry axis of the semicircular box body structures and are located at the bottommost end of an arc section, and foreign matter is blocked at the water inlets through separation nets. Surface runoff and interflow in a runoff area can be accurately collected, the surface runoff water storage tank and the interflow water storage tank are connected with corresponding sediment collecting pools respectively to filter and collect sediment in the runoff, then the water storage tank is connected, the runoff is collected through the water storage tank, and a detection unit is arranged in the water storage tank to detect the runoff in the runoff area. And the runoff yield after each rainfall can be automatically recorded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of soil and water conservation experiments, and particularly relates to a runoff and sediment collection device for a runoff area. Background Technique

[0002] Due to the continuous influence of natural and human factors, soil erosion in China is currently very serious, resulting in a series of natural disaster problems, severely restricting the sustainable development of China's national economy, and endangering people's lives and property safety. Therefore, monitoring soil erosion is crucial for protecting China's ecological environment and is currently enforced by relevant laws and regulations, especially in production and construction projects. Through field observations of soil erosion, the intensity, distribution characteristics, and hazards of soil erosion can be understood, providing technical support for ecological restoration and soil and water conservation construction in ecologically fragile areas; for production and construction projects, soil erosion monitoring can provide technical support for effectively controlling project soil erosion.

[0003] By setting up runoff plots and observing indicators such as rainfall, runoff, and sediment, studying the impact of different measures on soil erosion under natural rainfall and artificial simulated rainfall conditions, and analyzing the relationship between natural and human factors and soil erosion, it helps to establish a soil erosion prediction model and guide soil erosion control in other similar areas.

[0004] However, when the existing runoff observation device is in use, a collection trough is set on the bottom surface of the runoff plot to collect runoff, and then the runoff is discharged into the catchment pool through the collection trough. However, the runoff generated on the runoff plot contains a lot of sediment and foreign objects, which are easily deposited in the collection trough, resulting in the inability of the runoff to effectively flow into the catchment pool. In the prior art, the runoff cannot be accurately collected, and the measured data will have a large deviation. Content of the Utility Model

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a runoff and sediment collection device for a runoff area to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, which can accurately collect the surface runoff and subsurface flow in the runoff area stably, prevent the influence of foreign objects, ensure the accuracy of the measured data, and at the same time, it is simple to manufacture, has a low construction difficulty, has a small disturbance to the in-situ soil in the runoff area, can effectively protect the original ecological environment, has a small impact on the runoff observation results, and has good economic benefits.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides the following solution: Provide a runoff and sediment collection device for a runoff area, including a surface runoff collection box, a subsurface flow collection box, a sediment collection pool, a surface runoff storage tank, and a subsurface flow storage tank;

[0007] The sediment collection pool includes a surface runoff sediment collection pool and a mid-soil flow sediment collection pool, and a sediment collection pool outlet is provided on the sediment collection pool; the surface runoff collection box and the mid-soil flow collection box are both semicircular boxes;

[0008] The surface runoff collection box is fitted with the cross section where the bottom of the slope of the runoff area is located, and the fitting surface between the surface runoff collection box and the runoff area extends in the direction of the width of the slope of the runoff area. The top surface of the surface runoff collection box is butted with the bottom of the slope of the runoff area. A surface runoff inlet is provided on the top surface of the surface runoff collection box, and an isolation net for blocking the entry of foreign matter is provided at the surface runoff inlet. A surface runoff outlet lower than the surface runoff inlet is provided on the surface runoff collection box, and the surface runoff outlet coincides with the symmetry axis of the surface runoff collection box and is located at the bottom of the circular arc section of the surface runoff collection box. The surface runoff sediment collection pool is connected with the surface runoff outlet; the surface runoff water storage tank is connected with the sediment collection pool outlet of the surface runoff sediment collection pool;

[0009] The soil flow collection box is fitted with the cross-section where the bottom of the slope of the runoff area is located. The soil flow collection box is located below the surface runoff collection box. The fitting surface between the soil flow collection box and the runoff area extends along the width direction of the slope of the runoff area. A soil flow water inlet is provided on the fitting surface between the soil flow collection box and the runoff area. The soil flow water inlet is provided with an isolation net for blocking the entry of foreign objects. A soil flow outlet is provided on the soil flow collection box. The soil flow outlet is located on the symmetry axis of the soil flow collection box. The soil flow outlet is lower than the surface runoff inlet. The soil flow outlet coincides with the symmetry axis of the soil flow collection box and is located at the bottom of the circular arc section of the soil flow collection box. The soil flow outlet is connected to the soil flow sediment collection pool. The soil flow water storage tank is connected to the sediment collection pool outlet of the soil flow sediment collection pool.

[0010] Preferably, the surface runoff collection box and the subsoil flow collection box are aligned from top to bottom, and the surface runoff collection box and the subsoil flow collection box are arranged in close contact.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a surface runoff guide plate and a mid-soil flow guide plate; the surface runoff guide plate is arranged on the side where the top surface of the surface runoff collection box is connected to the bottom of the slope of the runoff area, and the mid-soil flow guide plate is arranged on the side where the mid-soil flow collection box is in contact with the section where the bottom of the slope of the runoff area is located.

[0012] Preferably, the surface runoff guide plate and the mid-soil flow guide plate are fixedly connected via a fixing plate.

[0013] Preferably, the fixing plate is located at the ends of the surface runoff diversion plate and the subsurface flow diversion plate, and the fixing plate, the surface runoff diversion plate and the subsurface flow diversion plate form a rectangular structure.

[0014] Preferably, it includes a hydraulic lifting mechanism, the output end of the hydraulic lifting mechanism is docked with the bottom of the subsurface flow collection box, and the bottom of the hydraulic lifting mechanism is connected with a base.

[0015] Preferably, a liquid level detection device and a data storage device are arranged in both the surface runoff storage tank and the subsurface flow storage tank.

[0016] Preferably, a vertically arranged filter screen is arranged in the sediment collection pool, the filter screen is detachably connected to the sediment collection pool, the filter screen divides the inner cavity of the sediment collection pool into a filter pool and a buffer pool, the filter pool is communicated with the surface runoff water outlet or the subsurface flow water outlet, the buffer pool is provided with a sediment collection pool water outlet, and the sediment collection pool water outlet is located in the middle of the outer side wall of the buffer pool.

[0017] Preferably, a vertically arranged partition plate is arranged in the sediment collection pool, the partition plate is lower than the side wall of the sediment collection pool, the partition plate divides the inner cavity of the sediment collection pool into a primary sedimentation tank and a secondary sedimentation tank, the primary sedimentation tank is communicated with the surface runoff water outlet or the subsurface flow water outlet, the secondary sedimentation tank is provided with a sediment collection pool water outlet, and the sediment collection pool water outlet is located in the middle of the outer side wall of the secondary sedimentation tank.

[0018] Preferably, cleaning components are rotatably arranged at the bottom of the inner cavities of the surface runoff collection box and the subsurface flow collection box, and the rotation center line of the cleaning components coincides with the center of the semi-circular box body.

[0019] The utility model has achieved the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0020] The runoff sediment collection device of the utility model can stably and accurately collect the surface runoff and subsurface flow in the runoff area, prevent foreign objects from blocking the water inlet, solve the problem that runoff, sediment and other foreign objects are easy to accumulate in the collection tank in the traditional device, ensure the accuracy of the measured data, and at the same time, it is simple to manufacture, has low construction difficulty, has little disturbance to the in-situ soil in the runoff area, can effectively protect the original ecological environment, has little influence on the runoff observation result, and has good economic benefits.

[0021] Other technical solutions of the utility model can also achieve the following effects:

[0022] By setting up a sediment settling pond, it is conducive to the full settlement of sediment. Even when there is heavy rainfall and the water flow is large, it can prevent the strong water flow from carrying away the sediment settled in the sedimentation pond, thus avoiding the loss of sediment collection volume. After the sediment is collected, the sediment loss can be known after drying and weighing, and the sediment volume carried by each liter of runoff can be calculated in combination with the collected runoff volume.

[0023] It can automatically record the runoff generation volume after each rainfall, improve production efficiency, and significantly reduce labor costs. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the collection device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structures of the surface runoff collection box and the subsurface flow collection box of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter screen of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sediment collection pond of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sediment collection pond of another embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the cleaning component;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the cleaning component;

[0032] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the swinging principle of the cleaning component.

[0033] Among them, 1. Runoff area; 11. Partition board;

[0034] 2. Collection unit;

[0035] 21. Surface runoff collection box; 211. Surface runoff inlet; 212. Surface runoff outlet; 213. Surface runoff guide plate;

[0036] 22. Subsurface flow collection box; 221. Subsurface flow inlet; 222. Subsurface flow outlet; 223. Subsurface flow deflector;

[0037] 23. Fixed plate; 24. Hydraulic lifting mechanism; 25. Isolation net; 26. Cleaning assembly;

[0038] 3. Filtration unit; 30. Sediment collection pond; 301. Filter screen; 302. Filter pond; 303. Buffer pond; 304. Cover plate; 305. Partition board; 306. Primary sedimentation tank; 307. Secondary sedimentation tank; 308. Sediment collection pond outlet;

[0039] 31. Surface runoff sediment collection pond; 32. Subsurface flow sediment collection pond;

[0040] 4. Storage unit; 41. Surface runoff storage tank; 42. Subsurface flow storage tank; 43. Storage tank drain outlet;

[0041] 5. Detection unit; 51. Liquid level detection device; 52. Data storage device. Detailed implementation mode

[0042] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] To make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation modes.

[0044] Please refer to Figures 1 to 8As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, a runoff sediment collection device in a runoff area is provided, which includes a runoff area 1, a collection unit 2, a filtering unit 3, a storage unit 4 and a detection unit 5. The collection unit 2 includes a surface runoff collection box 21 and a subsurface flow collection box 22. Both the surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22 are semi-circular boxes. The filtering unit 3 includes a sediment collection pond 30. The storage unit 4 includes a surface runoff storage tank 41 and a subsurface flow storage tank 42. Among them, two sediment collection ponds 30 are provided, namely a surface runoff sediment collection pond 31 and a subsurface flow sediment collection pond 32. The upper surface of the runoff area 1 is an inclined downward slope. The runoff area 1 has a cross-section below the bottom of the slope. The direction indicated by arrow A is the width direction of the slope surface. Partition plates 11 are respectively provided at the ends of the runoff area 1. The surface runoff collection box 21 fits with the cross-section where the bottom of the slope of the runoff area 1 is located, and the fitting surface of the surface runoff collection box 21 and the runoff area 1 extends along the width direction of the slope surface. The top surface of the surface runoff collection box 21 is butted against the bottom of the slope of the runoff area 1. A surface runoff inlet 211 is provided on the top surface of the surface runoff collection box 21. A separation net 25 is provided at the surface runoff inlet 211. A surface runoff outlet 212 is also provided on the surface runoff collection box 21. The surface runoff outlet 212 is lower than the surface runoff inlet 211, and the surface runoff outlet 212 is located on the axis of symmetry of the surface runoff collection box 21. The surface runoff outlet 212 is located at the bottommost end of the arc section of the surface runoff collection box 21. The surface runoff sediment collection pond 31 is communicated with the surface runoff outlet 212. The sediment collection pond outlet 308 of the surface runoff sediment collection pond 31 is communicated with the surface runoff storage tank 41.

[0045] The subsurface flow collection box 22 fits with the cross-section where the bottom of the slope of the runoff area 1 is located, and the subsurface flow collection box 22 is located below the surface runoff collection box 21. At the same time, the fitting surface of the subsurface flow collection box 22 and the runoff area 1 extends along the width direction of the slope surface of the runoff area 1. A subsurface flow inlet 221 is provided on the fitting surface of the subsurface flow collection box 22 and the runoff area 1. A separation net 25 is provided at the outer end of the subsurface flow inlet 221. A subsurface flow outlet 222 is provided on the subsurface flow collection box 22. The subsurface flow outlet 222 is lower than the surface runoff inlet 211. The subsurface flow outlet 222 is located on the axis of symmetry of the subsurface flow collection box 22. The subsurface flow outlet 222 is located at the bottommost end of the arc section of the subsurface flow collection box 22. The subsurface flow outlet 222 is communicated with the subsurface flow sediment collection pond 32. The sediment collection pond outlet 308 of the subsurface flow sediment collection pond 32 is communicated with the subsurface flow storage tank 42.

[0046] Both the surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22 are semi-circular structures (semi-circular cubes), that is, semi-circular boxes. The bottom surface of the surface runoff collection box 21 is attached to the top surface of the subsurface flow collection box 22. Preferably, the height of the surface runoff collection box 21 is 10 cm, and the height of the subsurface flow collection box 22 is 30 cm. Preferably, the surface runoff guide plate 213 is aligned with the top surface of the surface runoff collection box 21. The subsurface flow guide plate 223 is arranged on the subsurface flow collection box 22, and the subsurface flow guide plate 223 is 30 cm away from the top surface of the surface runoff collection box 21. The surface runoff outlet 212 and the subsurface flow outlet 222 are opened on the arc section of the axis of symmetry of the semi-circular structure, that is, both outlets are installed at the top of the arc of the semi-circular collection box. The section of the semi-circular structure is in contact with the soil unit in the runoff area 1. The subsurface flow inlet 221 is opened on the section (straight line segment) of the semi-circular structure. The width of the subsurface flow inlet 221 is 10 cm, and the lower end of the subsurface flow inlet 221 is 30 cm away from the top surface of the surface runoff collection box 21. In the present utility model, the surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22 are set as semi-circular structures, and the surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22 are inclined downward, so as to facilitate the collected surface runoff or subsurface flow to converge to the surface runoff inlet 211 or the subsurface flow outlet 222 at the bottom of the arc end of the semi-circular structure, facilitating the convergence and flow of runoff and sediment.

[0047] Working principle: The runoff collection device is attached to the cross-section of the runoff plot, that is, the surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22 are attached to the cross-section of the runoff plot. The runoff generated on the slope surface of the runoff area 1 will directly flow into the interior of the surface runoff collection box 21 through the surface runoff inlet 211 at the bottom of the slope. At the same time, the runoff entering the surface runoff collection box 21 will gradually flow towards the surface runoff outlet 212 until it is discharged from the surface runoff outlet 212 into the surface runoff sediment collection pool 31, realizing the collection of surface runoff and sediment.

[0048] The runoff generated in the subsurface of the runoff area 1 will flow into the interior of the subsurface flow collection box 22 through the subsurface flow inlet 221 on the joint surface with the runoff area 1, and gradually flow towards the subsurface flow outlet 222 until it is discharged from the subsurface flow outlet 222 into the subsurface flow sediment collection pool 32, realizing the collection of subsurface flow and sediment. When collecting surface runoff, foreign objects carried in the runoff can be blocked by the isolation net 25. And since the surface runoff inlet 211 and its corresponding isolation net 25 are arranged at the top of the surface runoff collection box 21, the staff can conveniently clean the surface runoff inlet 211 and its corresponding isolation net 25, preventing foreign objects from accumulating above the surface runoff inlet 211 and ensuring that the surface runoff can smoothly flow into the surface runoff collection box 21.

[0049] Meanwhile, when collecting subsurface flow, the isolation net 25 at the subsurface flow inlet 221 can also block most foreign objects. Since the subsurface flow inlet 221 is directly attached to the cross-section of the runoff area 1, it can also prevent foreign objects from other areas from accumulating outside the isolation net 25 corresponding to the subsurface flow inlet 221, eliminating the need for frequent cleaning of the isolation net 25 at the subsurface flow inlet 221, ensuring that the subsurface flow in the runoff area 1 can smoothly pass through the isolation net 25 and enter the subsurface flow sediment collection tank 32.

[0050] In summary, the runoff sediment collection device of the present utility model can stably and accurately collect the surface runoff and subsurface flow in the runoff area 1, prevent the influence of foreign objects, solve the problem that runoff and sediment are prone to siltation in the collection tank in the traditional device, ensure the accuracy of the measured data, and at the same time, it is simple to manufacture, has a low construction difficulty, and causes less disturbance to the in-situ soil in the runoff area 1.

[0051] In one embodiment, the isolation plate 11 can be replaced by a plastic sheet. The surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom and are aligned with each other. The surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22 have the same structure.

[0052] In this embodiment, it further includes a surface runoff guide plate 213 and a subsurface flow guide plate 223. The surface runoff guide plate 213 is attached to the top surface of the surface runoff collection box 21 and is fixedly connected to the surface runoff collection box 21. The surface runoff guide plate 213 is arranged on one side of the top surface of the surface runoff collection box 21 where it is docked with the bottom of the slope of the runoff area 1, and the surface runoff guide plate 213 faces the surface runoff inlet 211. During use, the surface runoff guide plate 213 is directly inserted into the bottom of the slope of the runoff area 1. The surface runoff guide plate 213 can effectively guide the surface runoff to pass through the surface runoff inlet 211 and drain it into the surface runoff collection box 21. Moreover, the surface runoff guide plate 213 can be inserted into the runoff area 1, and the surface runoff collection box 21 can be effectively fixed through the surface runoff guide plate 213. The subsurface flow guide plate 223 is arranged on one side of the subsurface flow collection box 22 where it is attached to the cross-section of the bottom of the slope of the runoff area 1. The subsurface flow guide plate 223 is fixedly connected to the subsurface flow collection box 22. Preferably, the subsurface flow guide plate 223 is perpendicular to the subsurface flow inlet 221, and the subsurface flow guide plate 223 faces the subsurface flow inlet 221. The subsurface flow guide plate 223 is inserted into the runoff area 1, guiding the subsurface flow into the subsurface flow collection box 22. At the same time, the subsurface flow guide plate 223 can fix the subsurface flow collection box 22. By setting the surface runoff guide plate 213 and the subsurface flow guide plate 223, the present utility model can not only effectively guide the surface runoff and subsurface flow, but also make the relative positions of the surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22 more stable.

[0053] In this embodiment, the surface runoff deflector 213 and the subsurface flow deflector 223 are fixedly connected through a fixing plate 23, and the fixing plate 23 is arranged vertically. The fixing plate 23 is located at the ends of the surface runoff deflector 213 and the subsurface flow deflector 223, and the fixing plate 23, the surface runoff deflector 213 and the subsurface flow deflector 223 form a rectangular structure. The surface runoff deflector 213 and the subsurface flow deflector 223 can be stably fixed through the fixing plate 23.

[0054] In one embodiment, a box body angle adjustment mechanism is provided on the surface runoff collection box 21 or the subsurface flow collection box 22. Through the box body angle adjustment mechanism, the ends of the surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22 close to the runoff area 1 can be effectively lifted, so that the surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22 are inclined downward, forming an inclination angle when the collection device is installed. Through gravity, substances such as collected runoff and sediment converge downward and flow out, facilitating the convergence of the collected runoff to the water outlet position at the bottom.

[0055] The box body angle adjustment mechanism can be of various structures. Preferably, it is a lead screw and nut structure. The nut is hinged to one side of the subsurface flow collection box 22 or the surface runoff collection box 21 close to the runoff area 1. At the same time, the nut is threadedly connected to the vertically arranged lead screw. When the lead screw is driven to rotate, the nut moves vertically on the lead screw. At the same time, the nut can drive the subsurface flow collection box 22 and the surface runoff collection box 21 to adjust the angle, so that the ends of the subsurface flow collection box 22 and the surface runoff collection box 21 close to the runoff area 1 are lifted, thereby realizing the free adjustment of the inclination angle of the collection device.

[0056] In this embodiment, the box body angle adjustment mechanism includes a hydraulic lifting mechanism 24. The output end of the hydraulic lifting mechanism 24 is butted against the bottom of the subsurface flow collection box 22. The bottom of the hydraulic lifting mechanism 24 is connected with a base. The hydraulic lifting mechanism 24 is used to drive the subsurface flow collection box 22 and the surface runoff collection box 21 to synchronously adjust the angle, making it inclined downward, facilitating the downward flow of runoff and sediment in the collection box by gravity.

[0057] In this embodiment, the box body angle adjustment mechanism can also be a cushion block. The cushion block is arranged on the bottom surface of the subsurface flow collection box 22 close to the runoff area 1. The cushion block is detachably connected to the subsurface flow collection box 22, such as by clamping. The subsurface flow collection box 22 and the surface runoff collection box 21 are lifted by the cushion block, and the height of the two collection boxes lifted can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the cushion block.

[0058] In one embodiment, the sediment collection pools 30 are all located above the corresponding water storage tanks. Specifically, the surface runoff sediment collection pool 31 is arranged above the surface runoff water storage tank 41, and the subsurface flow sediment collection pool 32 is arranged above the subsurface flow water storage tank 42. Both the surface runoff water storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow water storage tank 42 are rectangular boxes, and water storage tank drain outlets 43 are provided at the bottoms of the surface runoff water storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow water storage tank 42 for discharging the substances in the water storage tanks.

[0059] In one embodiment, a vertically arranged detachable filter screen 301 is provided in the sediment collection pool 30. The detachable filter screen 301 divides the inner cavity of the sediment collection pool into a filtration pool 302 and a buffer pool 303. The filtration pool 302 communicates with the corresponding surface runoff outlet 212 and subsurface flow outlet 222. The buffer pool 303 is provided with a sediment collection pool outlet 308. The sediment collection pool outlet 308 is located in the middle of the outer side wall of the buffer pool 303. The buffer pool 303 communicates with the corresponding surface runoff water storage tank 41 and subsurface flow water storage tank 42 through the sediment collection pool outlet 308. The connection mode between the detachable filter screen 301 and the inner wall of the sediment collection pool 30 can be: there are frames arranged around the detachable filter screen 301, and grooves that match the size of the frames are provided at the bottom and side walls of the inner cavity of the sediment collection pool 30. The frame of the filter screen 301 is inserted into the grooves to realize the installation of the filter screen 301. The filter screen 301 can play a role in filtering sediment. When the inner diameter flow of the filtration pool 302 flows into the buffer pool 303 through the filter screen 301, the filter screen 301 can intercept the sediment and make the sediment stay inside the filtration pool 302, thus realizing the separation of sediment and runoff and achieving the collection of sediment. The runoff in the buffer pool 303 flows into the corresponding surface runoff water storage tank 41 and subsurface flow water storage tank 42 through the sediment collection pool outlet 308.

[0060] In this embodiment, the sediment collection pool 30 is completely independent of the surface runoff water storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow water storage tank 42. The sediment collection pool 30 is located above the surface runoff water storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow water storage tank 42. The sediment collection pool 30 is fixedly connected to the surface runoff water storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow water storage tank 42 respectively through brackets. A cover plate 304 is provided at the top opening of the sediment collection pool 30. The cover plate 304 is normally closed during operation. A through hole is provided on the cover plate 304, and a water outlet pipe communicating with the buffer pool 303 passes through the through hole, and a sealing device is adopted to seal between the water outlet pipe and the through hole. The cover plate 304 can effectively prevent the interference of external factors such as rainwater. Similarly, there is also a cover plate 304 on the surface runoff water storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow water storage tank 42.

[0061] In one embodiment, a vertically arranged partition plate 305 is provided in the sand collection pool 10. Preferably, the partition plate 305 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sediment collection pool 30, and the partition plate 305 is lower than the side wall of the sediment collection pool 30. Thus, the partition plate 305 can divide the inner cavity of the sediment collection pool 30 into a primary sedimentation tank 306 and a secondary sedimentation tank 307. The sediment collection pool water outlet 308 is arranged in the middle of the outer side wall of the secondary sedimentation tank 307. The primary sedimentation tank 306 of the surface runoff storage tank 41 is communicated with the surface runoff water outlet 212, and the primary sedimentation tank 306 of the subsurface flow storage tank 42 is communicated with the subsurface flow water outlet 222. The secondary sedimentation tank 307 is provided with the sediment collection pool water outlet 308.

[0062] The surface runoff and subsurface flow are introduced into the corresponding sedimentation devices. After the surface runoff enters the primary sedimentation tank 306, the carried sand is initially settled. After the runoff fills the primary sedimentation tank 306, it crosses the partition plate 305 and enters the secondary sedimentation tank 307 for further sedimentation. Finally, the runoff enters the surface runoff storage tank 41 through the sediment collection pool water outlet 308 which is slightly lower in height than the partition plate 305. The sedimentation tank is preferably a rectangular PP plastic box. The same applies to the subsurface flow.

[0063] By setting two - stage sedimentation tanks, it is beneficial for the sand to settle sufficiently. Even when there is heavy rainfall and the water flow is large, it can avoid the strong water flow from carrying away the sediment deposited in the sedimentation tank and avoid the loss of sediment collection volume. After the sediment collection is completed, the sediment loss amount can be known after drying and weighing. Combining with the collected runoff volume, the amount of sediment carried by each liter of runoff can be calculated.

[0064] In one embodiment, the filter screen 301 and the partition plate 305 can be jointly arranged in the sediment collection pool. After the partition plate 305 divides the inner cavity of the sediment collection pool 30 into the primary sedimentation tank 306 and the secondary sedimentation tank 307, the filter screen 301 is arranged in the primary sedimentation tank 306 or the secondary sedimentation tank 307. The filter screen 301 divides the primary sedimentation tank 306 or the secondary sedimentation tank 307 into a filtration tank 302 and a buffer tank 303 respectively. The filter screen 301 can filter the sediment in the primary sedimentation tank 306 or the secondary sedimentation tank 307.

[0065] The surface runoff storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow storage tank 42 are preferably rectangular PP plastic storage tanks with a capacity of 100L and supporting tank covers.

[0066] In one embodiment, the sediment collection pool 30 is detachably connected inside the surface runoff storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow storage tank 42. The top surface of the sediment collection pool 30 is flush with the top surface of the surface runoff storage tank 41 or the subsurface flow storage tank 42. The volume of the sediment collection pool 30 is smaller than the volumes of the surface runoff storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow storage tank 42.

[0067] In one embodiment, a detection unit 5 is provided in both the surface runoff storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow storage tank 42. The detection unit 5 includes a liquid level detection device 51 and a data storage device 52. The data storage device 52 is directly fixed on the liquid level detection device 51, or the data storage device 52 can be fixed on the bottom surface of the surface runoff storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow storage tank 42. Preferably, the surface runoff storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow storage tank 42 are in regular shapes. The liquid level detection device 51 is used to detect the liquid level in the surface runoff storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow storage tank 42, so as to monitor the amount of runoff in the surface runoff storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow storage tank 42 in real time, and store the water volume data in the corresponding data storage device 52. It can be used to monitor the surface runoff volume and subsurface flow volume after each rainfall. Furthermore, the utility model can automatically record the runoff generation amount after each rainfall, significantly reducing the cost compared with traditional manual monitoring and recording. The liquid level detection device 51 is preferably fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the surface runoff storage tank 41 or the subsurface flow storage tank 42 and extends upward beyond the opening of the storage tank. The surface runoff storage tank 41 and the subsurface flow storage tank 42 are preferably rectangular structures.

[0068] In one embodiment, the surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22 can be in an inverted triangular structure. The surface runoff outlet 212 and the subsurface flow outlet 222 are arranged at one end of the inverted triangular structure away from the runoff area 1. The surface runoff outlet 212 and the subsurface flow outlet 222 are located at the lowest end of the inverted triangular structure. The inverted triangular structure can effectively collect runoff and sediment.

[0069] In one embodiment, both the surface runoff guide plate 213 and the subsurface flow guide plate 223 are fixedly connected to the corresponding surface runoff collection box 21 and subsurface flow collection box 22 by welding. Their materials are preferably stainless steel materials, with fast production speed, convenient construction, and low cost. Moreover, the collection device of the utility model can be prefabricated. When installed, the disturbance to the runoff area 1 is relatively small, which can effectively protect the original ecological environment and has little impact on the runoff observation results. In addition, the utility model can not only observe the runoff generation amount in real time, but also automatically record and store the runoff generation after each rainfall. Compared with traditional devices, it saves time and effort, enriches the observation data, significantly reduces the cost, and has better economic benefits.

[0070] In one embodiment, sediment cleaning devices are provided on the inner cavity bottom surfaces of both the surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22. The sediment cleaning device includes a cleaning assembly 26, a motor, a mid-end controller, and a circuit switch. Each component is electrically connected, and the cleaning assembly 26 is controlled by the mid-end controller to perform repetitive mechanical movements. Preferably, the cleaning assembly 26 swings on the inner cavity bottom surfaces of the surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22. The rotation axis of the cleaning assembly 26 coincides with the center of the semi-circular box body. The principle of its swing is as Figure 8 shown. The sediment deposited at the bottom of the collection box is concentrated at the water outlet, and with the assistance of external artificial water supply, the concentrated sediment can be transferred to the sediment settling tank for collection. When the sediment content in the surface runoff is relatively high, some sediment usually remains at the bottom of the surface runoff collection box 21 or the subsurface flow collection box 22. Therefore, sediment cleaning devices are installed in the surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22 to clean the sediment on the inner cavity bottom surfaces of the surface runoff collection box 21 and the subsurface flow collection box 22, so that the sediment can smoothly flow into the corresponding sediment collection pool 30 to accurately collect the sediment loss in the runoff plot.

[0071] It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present utility model is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present utility model can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present utility model. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present utility model is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present utility model. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights.

[0072] In the present utility model, specific examples are used to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present utility model. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present utility model; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, based on the idea of the present utility model, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A runoff sediment collection device in a runoff area, characterized in that: It includes a surface runoff collection box, a mid-soil flow collection box, a sediment collection pool, a surface runoff water storage tank and a mid-soil flow water storage tank; The sediment collection pool includes a surface runoff sediment collection pool and a mid-soil flow sediment collection pool, and a sediment collection pool outlet is provided on the sediment collection pool; the surface runoff collection box and the mid-soil flow collection box are both semicircular boxes; The surface runoff collection box is fitted with the cross section where the bottom of the slope of the runoff area is located, and the fitting surface between the surface runoff collection box and the runoff area extends in the direction of the width of the slope of the runoff area. The top surface of the surface runoff collection box is butted with the bottom of the slope of the runoff area. A surface runoff water inlet is provided on the top surface of the surface runoff collection box, and an isolation net for blocking the entry of foreign matter is provided at the surface runoff water inlet. A surface runoff water outlet lower than the surface runoff water inlet is provided on the surface runoff collection box, and the surface runoff water outlet coincides with the symmetry axis of the surface runoff collection box and is located at the bottom of the circular arc section of the surface runoff collection box. The surface runoff sediment collection pool is connected with the surface runoff water outlet; the surface runoff water storage tank is connected with the sediment collection pool outlet of the surface runoff sediment collection pool; The soil flow collection box is fitted with the cross-section where the bottom of the slope of the runoff area is located. The soil flow collection box is located below the surface runoff collection box. The fitting surface between the soil flow collection box and the runoff area extends along the width direction of the slope of the runoff area. A soil flow water inlet is provided on the fitting surface between the soil flow collection box and the runoff area. The soil flow water inlet is provided with an isolation net for blocking the entry of foreign objects. A soil flow outlet is provided on the soil flow collection box. The soil flow outlet is located on the symmetry axis of the soil flow collection box. The soil flow outlet is lower than the surface runoff inlet. The soil flow outlet coincides with the symmetry axis of the soil flow collection box and is located at the bottom of the circular arc section of the soil flow collection box. The soil flow outlet is connected to the soil flow sediment collection pool. The soil flow water storage tank is connected to the sediment collection pool outlet of the soil flow sediment collection pool.

2. The runoff sediment collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface runoff collection box and the mid-soil flow collection box are aligned from top to bottom, and the surface runoff collection box is arranged in close contact with the mid-soil flow collection box.

3. The runoff sediment collection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a surface runoff guide plate and a mid-soil flow guide plate; the surface runoff guide plate is arranged on the side where the top surface of the surface runoff collection box is connected to the bottom of the slope of the runoff area, and the mid-soil flow guide plate is arranged on the side where the mid-soil flow collection box is in contact with the section where the bottom of the slope of the runoff area is located.

4. The runoff sediment collection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface runoff guide plate and the mid-soil flow guide plate are fixedly connected via a fixing plate.

5. The runoff sediment collection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixing plate is located at the ends of the surface runoff guide plate and the mid-soil flow guide plate, and the fixing plate, the surface runoff guide plate and the mid-soil flow guide plate form a rectangular structure.

6. The runoff sediment collection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: It comprises a hydraulic lifting mechanism, the output end of which is connected to the bottom of the soil mid-flow collecting box, and the bottom of the hydraulic lifting mechanism is connected to a base.

7. The runoff sediment collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface runoff water storage tank and the mid-soil flow water storage tank are both provided with water storage tank drain outlets for draining water outwards, and the surface runoff water storage tank and the mid-soil flow water storage tank are both provided with liquid level detection devices and data storage devices.

8. The runoff sediment collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vertically arranged filter screen is arranged in the sediment collection pool, and the filter screen is detachably connected to the sediment collection pool. The filter screen divides the inner cavity of the sediment collection pool into a filter pool and a buffer pool. The filter pool is connected to the surface runoff outlet or the soil flow outlet. The buffer pool is provided with the sediment collection pool outlet, and the sediment collection pool outlet is located in the middle of the outer side wall of the buffer pool.

9. The runoff sediment collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vertically arranged partition is arranged in the sediment collection tank, and the partition is lower than the side wall of the sediment collection tank. The partition divides the inner cavity of the sediment collection tank into a primary sedimentation tank and a secondary sedimentation tank. The primary sedimentation tank is connected to the surface runoff outlet or the soil flow outlet, and the secondary sedimentation tank is provided with the sediment collection tank outlet, and the sediment collection tank outlet is located in the middle of the outer wall of the secondary sedimentation tank.

10. The runoff sediment collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the inner cavity of the surface runoff collection box and the mid-soil flow collection box are both rotatably provided with a cleaning assembly, and the rotation center line of the cleaning assembly coincides with the center of the semicircular box body.

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