Acetylene cracking furnace and acetylene production system

Abstract

The utility model discloses an acetylene cracking furnace which comprises a reaction chamber and a burner plate, the burner plate is located at the top of the reaction chamber, a first cooling liquid inlet and a first cooling liquid outlet are formed in the burner plate, the reaction chamber comprises an outer interlayer and an inner interlayer, the outer interlayer and the inner interlayer are both cylindrical, and the first cooling liquid inlet is communicated with the first cooling liquid outlet. The inner interlayer is detachably connected with the outer interlayer in the axial direction from the end, away from the burner plate, of the outer interlayer, the burner plate is fixedly connected with the upper end of the outer interlayer, and a second cooling liquid inlet and a second cooling liquid outlet are formed in the inner interlayer. According to the scheme, the problem that the maintenance work efficiency of the acetylene cracking furnace is relatively low due to relatively complicated replacement and installation of the reaction chamber of the acetylene cracking furnace in the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to an acetylene cracking furnace. Background Art

[0002] Acetylene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C2H2, commonly known as wind coal or calcium carbide gas. It is the smallest member of the alkyne compound family. It is a colorless gas at room temperature and normal pressure, slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, acetone, chloroform, benzene, miscible in ether. It is one of the important raw materials for organic synthesis, and also a monomer for synthetic rubber, synthetic fiber and plastics. It can also be used for oxyacetylene welding and cutting.

[0003] The main methods for preparing acetylene are the calcium carbide method and the natural gas method. The calcium carbide method refers to the preparation of acetylene by reacting calcium carbide with water. The natural gas method refers to preheating the raw natural gas to 600-650°C and then introducing it together with oxygen into a multi-tubular burner plate acetylene furnace. At 1500°C, methane is cracked to obtain about 8% dilute acetylene, and then concentrated with N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain 99% acetylene finished product.

[0004] The existing industrial method for preparing acetylene is mainly to obtain acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas. The acetylene cracking furnace (also called acetylene furnace or acetylene reaction furnace in this field) is the core device of the natural gas partial oxidation process for producing acetylene. The acetylene cracking furnace includes a burner plate and a reaction chamber. The burner plate is located at the top of the reaction chamber. The high-temperature mixed gas of natural gas and oxygen enters the lower reaction chamber through the burner plate for cracking reaction to produce acetylene. In the existing acetylene cracking furnace, the burner plate and the reaction chamber are integrally designed, and the heat is removed by the jacket coolant for the burner plate and the reaction chamber to ensure the long-term operation of the acetylene cracking furnace.

[0005] Chinese patent document CN107261993B discloses a cracking furnace for producing acetylene by partial oxidation of natural gas, which includes a mixer, a burner plate, a furnace body and a water quenching device; the interior of the furnace body is hollow and open at the upper end; the burner plate is hermetically installed at the open end of the furnace body, and its lower end has a gas reaction chamber that is hollow inside and open at both the upper and lower ends, and the gas reaction chamber is located inside the open end of the furnace body; the mixer is hermetically installed at the upper end of the burner plate, and its air outlet end is communicated with the gas reaction chamber; the water quenching device is arranged inside the furnace body and is located near the gas reaction chamber below the gas reaction chamber; the furnace body has an igniter, and the ignition end of the igniter extends into the gas reaction chamber; the mixer includes an outer shell, a middle shell, an inner shell and a diffusion tube; the outer shell is a cylindrical shell that is hollow inside, and an installation through hole that penetrates it up and down is coaxially provided in the middle of it; the middle shell is a cylindrical shell that is hollow inside and open at both the upper and lower ends, and its outer diameter is equal to the diameter of the installation through hole; the middle shell is hermetically installed in the installation through hole, and its upper and lower ends respectively extend to the outside of the upper and lower ends of the outer shell; a plurality of air inlet holes that penetrate its side wall are uniformly distributed on a section of the side wall of the middle shell located inside the outer shell; the inner shell is a cylindrical shell and is coaxially arranged inside the middle shell, and the outer wall of the inner shell and the inner wall of the middle shell are connected by a plurality of connecting pieces; an oxygen inlet pipe communicating with its interior is provided on the side wall of the outer shell; the diffusion tube is a cylindrical structure that is hollow inside and open at both the upper and lower ends, and its inner diameter gradually increases uniformly from top to bottom, the upper end of the diffusion tube is hermetically connected to the lower end of the middle shell and is internally communicated, and its lower end constitutes the air outlet end of the mixer; the mixer further includes an annular baffle, the baffle is arranged inside the outer shell at a position corresponding to the oxygen inlet pipe, and is coaxially sleeved outside the middle shell, and the upper and lower ends of the baffle are respectively connected to the outer wall of the middle shell by a plurality of connecting pieces.

[0006] Chinese patent document CN219571911U discloses an acetylene cracking furnace, which includes a burner plate body, and a plurality of mixed gas distribution pipes that penetrate up and down are provided on the burner plate body; the characteristics are as follows: a plurality of the mixed gas distribution pipes are distributed in a central area located at the center of the burner plate body and a peripheral area surrounding the central area; the total cross-sectional area of the plurality of mixed gas distribution pipes in the central area forms a central channel area; the total cross-sectional area of the plurality of mixed gas distribution pipes in the peripheral area forms a peripheral channel area; the peripheral channel area is larger than the central channel area. The upper end of the burner plate body is communicated with a mixed gas pipeline, and its lower end is communicated with a reaction chamber.

[0007] Chinese Patent Document CN206935380U discloses a burner plate for an acetylene cracking furnace, which includes a burner plate main body and a reaction chamber. A plurality of mixing nozzles penetrating through the burner plate main body vertically are evenly distributed on the burner plate main body. The reaction chamber is vertically arranged and is a cylindrical structure with a hollow interior and openings at both the upper and lower ends. Its upper end is fixedly connected to the lower end of the burner plate main body. The plurality of mixing nozzles are respectively communicated with the cavity inside the reaction chamber. A cooling cavity is annularly arranged inside the side wall of the reaction chamber, and a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet communicated with the cooling cavity are respectively arranged on the outer wall of the reaction chamber. The burner plate main body includes a cylindrical connecting portion and a cylindrical boss integrally formed and coaxially arranged at the upper end of the connecting portion. The diameter of the boss is smaller than that of the connecting portion. The plurality of mixing nozzles are evenly distributed on the burner plate main body at the position corresponding to the boss. The plurality of mixing nozzles sequentially penetrate through the boss and the connecting portion from top to bottom, and the upper end of the reaction chamber is fixedly connected to the lower end of the connecting portion. The beneficial effects of this prior art are: simple structure, convenient and simple processing of the burner plate, which is beneficial to the later carbon scraping work of the corresponding reaction chamber. At the same time, by cooling the reaction chamber through the cooling, the generated acetylene gas can be prevented from continuing to react at high temperature, and it is beneficial to the subsequent collection of acetylene gas.

[0008] In the above prior art, the burner plate and the reaction chamber are fixedly connected as a whole structure. When the reaction chamber needs to be replaced or installed and maintained, the burner plate and the components above the burner plate need to be hoisted, resulting in cumbersome operations such as the replacement or installation and maintenance of the reaction chamber and low work efficiency. Summary of the Utility Model

[0009] The purpose of the present utility model is to provide an acetylene cracking furnace to solve the problem that the replacement and installation of the reaction chamber of the acetylene cracking furnace in the prior art are relatively cumbersome, resulting in low maintenance work efficiency of the acetylene cracking furnace.

[0010] To achieve the above purpose, the basic scheme of the present utility model provides an acetylene cracking furnace, which includes a reaction chamber and a burner plate. The burner plate is located at the top of the reaction chamber. A first coolant inlet and a first coolant outlet are arranged on the burner plate. The reaction chamber includes an outer sandwich layer and an inner sandwich layer. Both the outer sandwich layer and the inner sandwich layer are cylindrical. The inner sandwich layer is detachably connected to the outer sandwich layer axially from the end of the outer sandwich layer far away from the burner plate. The burner plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the outer sandwich layer. A second coolant inlet and a second coolant outlet are arranged on the inner sandwich layer.

[0011] Preferably, a bottom support is arranged at the bottom of the inner sandwich layer.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom support is a quenching ring.

[0013] Preferably, the outer sandwich layer is coaxially arranged with the inner sandwich layer. The inner surface of the outer sandwich layer encloses a columnar space with a constant cross-section, and the outer surface of the inner sandwich layer encloses a columnar space with a constant cross-section.

[0014] Preferably, the inner surface of the inner sandwich layer encloses a columnar space whose cross-section gradually decreases from top to bottom.

[0015] Preferably, both the second coolant inlet and the second coolant outlet are located at the bottom of the inner sandwich layer.

[0016] Preferably, a diffusion channel is connected to the upper side of the burner plate.

[0017] Preferably, the first coolant inlet and the first coolant outlet are respectively located on opposite sides of the burner plate.

[0018] Preferably, the second coolant inlet and the second coolant outlet are respectively located on opposite sides of the inner sandwich layer.

[0019] The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The reaction chamber adopts the design of an outer sandwich layer and an inner sandwich layer, and the outer sandwich layer and the inner sandwich layer are detachably connected. The main reaction space of the reaction chamber is the space surrounded by the inner sandwich layer. Therefore, when the reaction chamber needs to be replaced, it is only necessary to disassemble and replace the inner sandwich layer from the lower end of the outer sandwich layer. Compared with the prior art, the replacement of the reaction chamber does not require hoisting operations for components such as the burner plate, thereby improving the convenience of the replacement operation of the reaction chamber, and further improving the maintenance work efficiency of the acetylene cracking furnace.

[0021] 2. The inner sandwich layer is supported at the bottom, and further supported by a quenching ring, which can weaken the connection between the inner sandwich layer and the outer sandwich layer, making the disassembly and installation of the inner sandwich layer more convenient, and is beneficial to further improving the maintenance work efficiency of the acetylene cracking furnace.

[0022] 3. During maintenance operations, there is no need to hoist and move the burner plate and the outer sandwich layer, thereby avoiding contact between the outer sandwich layer and the carbon scraping rods in the cracking furnace, and further reducing equipment wear and failures, which is beneficial to improving the service life of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of an acetylene cracking furnace of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a top view of the inner sandwich layer in DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] In the present utility model, "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish technical features with similar functions but different installation positions, which is conducive to the understanding of the technical solution, and does not represent the order of priority, importance, etc.

[0026] In addition to the acetylene cracking furnace, the acetylene production system is also provided with a preheating furnace, a washing tower, a carbon black separation system, etc. The improvement points of the present utility model mainly focus on the acetylene cracking furnace, so the other component devices of the acetylene production system will not be elaborated herein.

[0027] The following is a further detailed description through specific embodiments:

[0028] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the specification include: diffusion channel 1, burner plate 2, outer sandwich 3, inner sandwich 4, first coolant inlet 5, first coolant outlet 6, second coolant inlet 7, second coolant outlet 8, bottom support 9.

[0029] Embodiment 1: Basically as shown in the attached Figure 1 and Figure 2 figures: An acetylene cracking furnace includes a reaction chamber and a burner plate 2, and the burner plate 2 is located at the top of the reaction chamber. The burner plate 2 is provided with a first coolant inlet 5 and a first coolant outlet 6. In this embodiment, the first coolant inlet 5 and the first coolant outlet 6 are respectively located on opposite sides of the burner plate 2. How to arrange the channels for the coolant to flow inside the burner plate 2 belongs to the technology known to those of ordinary skill in the art and will not be elaborated herein. The diffusion channel 1 is connected to the upper side of the burner plate 2.

[0030] The reaction chamber includes an outer sandwich 3 and an inner sandwich 4. Both the outer sandwich 3 and the inner sandwich 4 are cylindrical. The inner sandwich 4 is detachably connected to the outer sandwich 3 along the axis from one end of the outer sandwich 3 away from the burner plate 2. The upper end of the outer sandwich 3 is fixedly connected to the burner plate 2. In this embodiment, the outer sandwich 3 and the inner sandwich 4 are coaxially arranged. The inner surface of the outer sandwich 3 encloses a columnar space with a constant cross-section, and the outer surface of the inner sandwich 4 encloses a columnar space with a constant cross-section. The outer sandwich 3 is axially sleeved outside the inner sandwich 4. The bottom of the inner sandwich 4 is provided with a bottom support 9. In this embodiment, the bottom support 9 is a quenching ring. The inner surface of the inner sandwich 4 encloses a columnar space with a gradually decreasing cross-section from top to bottom. The inner sandwich 4 is provided with a second coolant inlet 7 and a second coolant outlet 8. In this embodiment, both the second coolant inlet 7 and the second coolant outlet 8 are located at the bottom of the inner sandwich 4. More specifically, the second coolant inlet 7 and the second coolant outlet 8 are respectively located on opposite sides of the inner sandwich 4. How to arrange the channels for the coolant to flow inside the inner sandwich 4 belongs to the technology known to those of ordinary skill in the art and will not be elaborated herein.

[0031] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0032] When performing replacement or maintenance operations, without moving the burner plate 2, the inner sandwich layer 4 is removed from the lower end of the outer sandwich layer 3, so as to realize the replacement or maintenance operation of the inner sandwich layer 4. After the inner sandwich layer 4 is installed in place and supported by the quenching ring on the lower side of the inner sandwich layer 4, the support and fixation of the inner sandwich layer 4 can be realized, and then the maintenance operation of the reaction chamber of the cracking furnace can be completed. Compared with the prior art, there is no need to hoist components such as the burner plate 2 during the maintenance operation, which improves the flexibility and simplicity of the maintenance operation, thereby improving the work efficiency.

[0033] Embodiment 2: An acetylene production system includes the acetylene cracking furnace in Embodiment 1.

[0034] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as the specific structures and characteristics known in the solutions is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicability of the patent.

Claims

1. An acetylene cracking furnace, comprising a reaction chamber and a burner plate, the burner plate being located at the top of the reaction chamber, and a first coolant inlet and a first coolant outlet being provided on the burner plate, characterized in that: The reaction chamber includes an outer sandwich layer and an inner sandwich layer. Both the outer sandwich layer and the inner sandwich layer are cylindrical. The inner sandwich layer is detachably connected to the outer sandwich layer axially from one end of the outer sandwich layer away from the burner plate. The burner plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the outer sandwich layer. The inner sandwich layer is provided with a second coolant inlet and a second coolant outlet.

2. The acetylene cracking furnace according to claim 1, wherein: A bottom support member is provided at the bottom of the inner sandwich layer.

3. The acetylene cracking furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom support member is a quenching ring.

4. The acetylene cracking furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer sandwich layer is coaxially arranged with the outer sandwich layer. The inner surface of the outer sandwich layer encloses a columnar space with a constant cross-section. The outer surface of the inner sandwich layer encloses a columnar space with a constant cross-section.

5. The acetylene cracking furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner surface of the inner sandwich layer encloses a columnar space with a gradually decreasing cross-section from top to bottom.

6. The acetylene cracking furnace according to claim 5, wherein: Both the second coolant inlet and the second coolant outlet are located at the bottom of the inner sandwich layer.

7. The acetylene cracking furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that: A diffusion channel is connected to the upper side of the burner plate.

8. The acetylene cracking furnace according to claim 7, wherein: The first coolant inlet and the first coolant outlet are respectively located on opposite sides of the burner plate.

9. The acetylene cracking furnace according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second coolant inlet and the second coolant outlet are respectively located on opposite sides of the inner sandwich layer.

10. An acetylene production system, characterized in that: An acetylene cracking furnace includes any one of the acetylene cracking furnaces according to claims 1 to 9.

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