Sealing gasket
By designing sealing gaskets for metal bodies and metal sheets, the local deformation problem caused by thermal stress of metal gaskets in high temperature environments is solved, and the reliability and leakage prevention effect of sealing at high temperatures is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422324948.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-04
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing metal gaskets are locally deformed due to the inability to release thermal stress in high temperature environments, affecting the seal reliability of the gas turbine.
A sealing gasket consisting of a metal body and a metal sheet is designed, which is removably connected, with gaps to allow deformation to release internal stress at high temperatures, materials with a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion and soft metal sheets to improve sealing performance.
In high temperature environment, the sealing gasket can effectively release internal stress, avoid local deformation, improve seal reliability, and prevent high-temperature gas leakage.
Smart Images
Figure CN223063145U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the technical field of sealing parts, and particularly to a sealing gasket. Background Art
[0002] A sealing gasket is a sealing part used in machinery, equipment, and pipelines to prevent fluid leakage. Generally, a sealing gasket is made of metal or non-metal plate materials through processes such as cutting, stamping, or trimming, and is used for sealing connections between pipelines or between machine parts of machinery and equipment.
[0003] In the application scenario of a gas turbine, in order to meet the requirements of structural performance and use and maintenance (for example: during maintenance, a borescope needs to be inserted into the combustion chamber casing to observe the damage inside the combustion chamber; or, during commissioning, a thermocouple needs to be inserted into the combustion chamber casing to measure the flashback temperature of the combustion chamber; or, during assembly, the combustion chamber casing and the flame tube need to be positioned through a positioning pin, etc.), a variety of through holes need to be opened on the combustion chamber casing. It should be clear that when the gas turbine is in use, gaskets are required to seal these through holes to prevent the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated in the combustion chamber from leaking through these through holes, thereby affecting the working efficiency of the gas turbine. When the gas turbine is in use, since the temperature of the combustion chamber casing is relatively high, the prior art can only use metal gaskets (such as metal graphite composite sealing gaskets or copper gaskets, etc.) to seal these through holes. It should be noted that since the metal gasket will generate a large thermal stress in a high-temperature environment, and the inability to release the thermal stress will cause local deformation of the metal gasket. If the metal gasket undergoes local deformation, the sealing of the through hole will be unreliable, that is, it will affect the working efficiency of the gas turbine. Summary of the Utility Model
[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a sealing gasket to solve the technical problem of unreliable sealing of metal gaskets in a high-temperature environment.
[0005] To achieve the above purpose, this application provides the following technical solutions:
[0006] A sealing gasket, comprising:
[0007] A metal body; the metal body is provided with a round hole for a plugging member to pass through the metal body;
[0008] Two metal sheets, each metal sheet is annular; one metal sheet is disposed on the first surface of the metal body, and the other metal sheet is disposed on the second surface of the metal body; the first surface and the second surface are opposite surfaces on the metal body, and both the first surface and the second surface are perpendicular to the thickness direction of the metal body; the axis lines of the two metal sheets coincide with the axis line of the round hole.
[0009] As a specific solution in the technical solution of the present application, the thickness of the metal body is 5 to 8 times the thickness of the metal sheet.
[0010] As a specific solution in the technical solution of the present application, the inner diameter of the metal sheet is greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the round hole; the outer diameter of the metal sheet is greater than or equal to the sum of the inner diameter of the metal sheet and twice the thickness of the metal sheet, and less than or equal to the sum of the inner diameter of the metal sheet and four times the thickness of the metal sheet.
[0011] As a specific solution in the technical solution of the present application, the metal body and the metal sheet form a detachable connection; in use, the third surface on the metal body and the fourth surface on the metal sheet are opposite surfaces.
[0012] As a specific solution in the technical solution of the present application, an adhesive layer is provided between the metal body and the metal sheet; the adhesive layer is located between the third surface and the fourth surface.
[0013] As a specific solution in the technical solution of the present application, a positioning protrusion is provided on the fourth surface of the metal sheet, and a first positioning groove is provided on the third surface of the metal body, and the positioning protrusion and the first positioning groove form an interference fit.
[0014] As a specific solution in the technical solution of the present application, the positioning protrusion is annular; the inner diameter of the positioning protrusion decreases along a first direction, and the outer diameter of the positioning protrusion increases along the first direction; the first direction is parallel to the axis of the metal sheet and points from the metal body to the metal sheet.
[0015] As a specific solution in the technical solution of the present application, the sealing gasket further includes a limiting ring; a first positioning groove is provided on the third surface of the metal body; a second positioning groove is provided on the fourth surface of the metal sheet; in use, the first positioning groove and the second positioning groove are spliced to form an annular sealing cavity; the annular sealing cavity and the limiting ring form an interference fit.
[0016] As a specific solution in the technical solution of the present application, a plurality of annular protrusions are provided on the third surface of the metal sheet, and the third surface is perpendicular to the axis of the metal sheet; the axis of each annular protrusion coincides with the axis of the metal sheet.
[0017] As a specific solution in the technical solution of the present application, the metal sheet is a sheet with a hardness less than that of the metal body.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:
[0019] Through the arrangement of the metal body and the metal sheet in this application, gaps are formed between the metal body and both the plugging member and the combustion chamber casing. When the sealing gasket is at a high temperature, the sealing gasket has sufficient space to deform to release internal stress, avoiding excessive internal stress in the sealing gasket that may cause local deformation and resulting in the leakage of high-temperature gas. That is to say, the sealing gasket proposed in this application has high sealing reliability in a high-temperature environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional schematic view of using a sealing gasket of the prior art to seal the borescope hole;
[0021] Figure 2 FIG. 10 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a sealing gasket proposed in an embodiment of this application;
[0022] Figure 3 FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional schematic view of a sealing gasket proposed in an embodiment of this application;
[0023] Figure 4 FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional schematic view of using the sealing gasket proposed in an embodiment of this application to seal the borescope hole;
[0024] Figure 5 FIG. Figure 3 FIG. 24 is a partial enlarged schematic view of part A in FIG.
[0025] Figure 6 FIG. Figure 3 FIG. 30 is another partial enlarged schematic view of part A in FIG.
[0026] Figure 7 FIG. Figure 3 FIG. 36 is yet another partial enlarged schematic view of part A in FIG.
[0027] Figure 8 FIG. Figure 3 FIG. 42 is another partial enlarged schematic view of part A in FIG.
[0028] In the figures: 1. Combustion chamber casing; 2. Borescope hole; 3. Plugging member; 4. Gasket; 41. Metal body; 411. First positioning groove; 42. Metal sheet; 421. Positioning protrusion; 422. Second positioning groove; 423. Annular protrusion; 43. Adhesive layer; 5. Limiting ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0029] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of this application.
[0030] It should be noted that in the description of this application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to this application.
[0031] In addition, it should be understood that for the convenience of description, the sizes of the various components shown in the drawings are not drawn in accordance with the actual proportional relationship. For example, the thickness or width of certain layers may be exaggerated relative to other layers.
[0032] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the description of the embodiments of this application, the claims and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily need to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. For example, the first surface and the second surface mentioned below belong to different surfaces. It should be understood that the surfaces used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments described here can be implemented in an order other than that shown or described here.
[0033] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined or described in one drawing, it will not be necessary to further specifically discuss and describe it in the description of subsequent drawings.
[0034] In order to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the embodiments of the sealing gasket proposed in this application. In the following text of this application, the sealing gasket proposed in this application is described by taking the sealing of the borescope hole of a gas turbine as an example. It does not mean that the sealing gasket proposed in the embodiments of this application can only be applied to the application scenario of the borescope hole of a gas turbine. It is also applicable to other application scenarios similar to the situation of the borescope hole. Specifically, Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of using the gasket 4 in the prior art to seal the borescope hole 2. As Figure 1 shown, if it is necessary to seal the borescope hole 2 on the combustion chamber casing 1, the plugging member 3 is fixed to the combustion chamber casing 1 through fastening bolts, so that the plugging head on the plugging member 3 can plug the borescope hole 2. In order to ensure the sealing performance between the plugging member 3 and the borescope hole 2, a gasket 4 is also provided between the plugging member 3 and the combustion chamber casing 1. As Figure 1 shown, the gasket 4 in the prior art has a sheet-like structure. In order to improve the sealing performance, the gasket 4 generally uses a metal with a lower hardness, such as brass or copper.
[0035] It should be noted that when the gas turbine is operating, the combustion chamber casing 1 is in a high-temperature environment, that is, the gasket 4 is also in a high-temperature environment (up to 700 °C at most). Based on the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, after the gasket 4 is heated from room temperature to a high temperature, a large internal stress will be generated. To release these internal stresses, the gasket 4 needs to deform. Since the gasket 4 is restricted between the plugging member 3 and the combustion chamber casing 1, that is, the space for the gasket 4 to deform is limited, so the gasket 4 can only undergo local deformation. If the gasket 4 undergoes local deformation, gaps are likely to occur, and then the high-temperature gas inside the combustion chamber casing 1 will leak.
[0036] To solve the technical problem of unreliable sealing of metal gaskets in high-temperature environments proposed in the above text, the present application proposes a sealing gasket, which includes a metal body 41 and two metal sheets 42. As Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the metal body 41 is provided with a round hole for the plugging member to pass through the metal body 41. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the plugging member can be a fastening bolt or the plugging member 3 as Figure 1 shown. In this embodiment, each metal sheet 42 is annular. One metal sheet 42 is arranged on the first surface of the metal body 41, and the other metal sheet 42 is arranged on the second surface of the metal body 41. The first surface and the second surface are opposite surfaces on the metal body 41, and both the first surface and the second surface are perpendicular to the thickness direction of the metal body 41. The axis lines of the two metal sheets 42 coincide with the axis line of the round hole.
[0037] Specifically, when the sealing gasket proposed in the embodiment of the present application is used, as Figure 4 shown, the metal body 41 and the plugging member 3 form a first gap (that is, the gap S1 as Figure 4 shown); the metal body 41 and the combustion chamber casing 1 form a second gap (that is, the gap S2 as Figure 4 shown). That is to say, as Figure 4 shown, after the sealing gasket proposed in the embodiment of the present application is heated from room temperature to a high temperature, there is enough space for the metal body 41 to deform to release internal stresses. If the internal stresses of the metal body 41 are released, the parts of the sealing gasket in contact with the plugging member 3 and the combustion chamber casing 1 are not likely to undergo local deformation, that is, the sealing performance of the sealing gasket is more reliable.
[0038] It should be clear that the greater the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal body 41, the greater the thermal deformation amplitude of the metal body 41 after heating. If the thermal deformation amplitude of the metal body 41 is greater, the greater the possibility of local deformation and air leakage of the sealing gasket in this embodiment. To improve the reliability of the sealing of the sealing gasket, in the embodiment of the present application, the metal body 41 can be made of a material with a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion, such as steel or cast iron, etc.
[0039] It should be clear that the smaller the hardness of the metal sheet 42, that is, the easier it is to deform under force, that is, the softer it is, the better the sealing performance of the metal sheet 42 after tightening. In order to improve the sealing reliability of the sealing gasket in this embodiment, the metal sheet 42 can be a sheet with a hardness less than that of the metal body 41. For example, the metal sheet 42 can be a copper sheet or a metal-graphite composite sheet, etc.
[0040] It should be noted that in this embodiment, if the thickness of the metal sheet 42 is too thick, then under high-temperature conditions, it is also easy to cause excessive internal stress in the metal sheet 42 and produce local deformation. If the thickness of the metal sheet 42 is too thin, a good sealing effect cannot be achieved either. After multiple studies and verifications by the inventor, the thickness of the metal body 41 (that is, the thickness H as Figure 3 shown) can be 5 to 8 times the thickness of the metal sheet 42 (that is, the thickness h as Figure 3 shown). That is, the thickness of the metal sheet 42 can be greater than or equal to 1 / 8 of the thickness of the metal body 41 and less than or equal to 1 / 5 of the thickness of the metal body 41. For example, in a specific embodiment of this application, if the thickness of the metal body 41 is 1.5 mm, then the thickness of the metal sheet 42 can be 0.2 mm or 0.3 mm.
[0041] It is easy to understand that as Figure 4 shown, the length of the first gap and the second gap in the radial direction of the sealing gasket 4 is equal to the outer diameter of the metal body 41 minus the outer diameter of the metal sheet 42. If the length of the first gap and the second gap in the radial direction of the sealing gasket 4 is smaller, that is, the space for the metal body 41 to deform is smaller, then it is more difficult for the metal body 41 to release internal stress during use, and thus it is easy to cause local deformation of the gasket 4. In order to avoid the length of the first gap and the second gap in the radial direction of the sealing gasket 4 being too small, after multiple studies and verifications by the inventor, the inner diameter of the metal sheet 42 can be equal to the inner diameter of the round hole. The outer diameter of the metal sheet 42 can be greater than or equal to the sum of the inner diameter of the metal sheet 42 and twice the thickness of the metal sheet 42, and less than or equal to the sum of the inner diameter of the metal sheet 42 and four times the thickness of the metal sheet 42. Of course, in other embodiments of this application, the inner diameter of the metal sheet 42 can also be greater than the inner diameter of the round hole.
[0042] It should be clear that in the embodiments of this application, there are no restrictions on the shape and structure of the metal body 41. For example, the metal body 41 can be a circular block structure or a square block structure as Figure 2 shown.
[0043] In an embodiment of the present application, the metal body 41 and the metal sheet 42 may be an integral structure. It should be noted that since the metal sheet 42 is prone to deformation, the metal sheet 42 is relatively easy to be damaged. If the metal body 41 and the metal sheet 42 are an integral structure, then when replacing the metal sheet 42, the metal body 41 also needs to be replaced, resulting in a relatively high usage cost. To reduce the usage cost, in an embodiment of the present application, the metal body 41 and the metal sheet 42 may form a detachable connection. That is to say, if the metal sheet 42 is damaged, only the metal sheet 42 needs to be replaced, without the need to replace the metal body 41, which can reduce the usage cost.
[0044] In an embodiment of the present application, during use, the third surface on the metal body 41 and the fourth surface on the metal sheet 42 are opposite surfaces, and the metal body 41 and the metal sheet 42 may form a detachable connection in any manner. For example, in an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 5 shown, an adhesive layer 43 may be provided between the metal body 41 and the metal sheet 42. The adhesive layer 43 is located between the third surface and the fourth surface. In this embodiment, the function of the adhesive layer 43 is to position the metal body 41 and the metal sheet 42. Each time the metal sheet 42 is replaced, the metal sheet 42 can be removed from the metal body 41. In this embodiment, the adhesive layer 43 may be formed by any glue that can bond the metal body 41 and the metal sheet 42 (for example: super glue, etc.). Or, as Figure 6 shown, a positioning protrusion 421 is provided on the fourth surface of the metal sheet 42, and a first positioning groove 411 is provided on the third surface of the metal body 41, and the positioning protrusion 421 and the first positioning groove 411 form an interference fit. Specifically, the interference fit means that the cross-sectional shapes of the positioning protrusion 421 and the first positioning groove 411 are similar, and the cross-sectional area of the first positioning groove 411 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the positioning protrusion 421. That is to say, during use, the positioning protrusion 421 can completely fill the first positioning groove 411.
[0045] In an embodiment of the present application, there are no restrictions on the shape and structure of the positioning protrusion 421. For example, the positioning protrusion 421 may be cylindrical; or, as Figure 6 shown, the positioning protrusion 421 is annular. To facilitate the separation of the metal body 41 and the metal sheet 42, in an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 6 shown, the inner diameter of the positioning protrusion 421 decreases along a first direction, and the outer diameter of the positioning protrusion 421 increases along the first direction. The first direction is parallel to the axis of the metal sheet 42 and points from the metal body 41 to the metal sheet 42.
[0046] To avoid such as Figure 6The thickness of the metal sheet 42 shown is too thick, resulting in excessive internal stress generated by the metal sheet 42 during use. In an embodiment of the present application, the sealing gasket further includes a limiting ring 5. A first positioning groove 411 is provided on the third surface of the metal body 41, and a second positioning groove 422 is provided on the fourth surface of the metal sheet 42. During use, the first positioning groove 411 and the second positioning groove 422 are spliced to form an annular sealing cavity; an interference fit is formed between the annular sealing cavity and the limiting ring 5. Specifically, the interference fit means that the cross-sectional shapes of the annular sealing cavity and the limiting ring 5 are similar, and the cross-sectional area of the annular sealing cavity is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the limiting ring 5. That is, the limiting ring 5 can completely fill the annular sealing cavity during use. In this embodiment, the limiting ring 5 can be made of a metal material similar to that of the metal body 41, both of which have a relatively small coefficient of thermal expansion. To facilitate the separation of the metal body 41, the metal sheet 42, and the limiting ring 5, the shape structure of the limiting ring 5 can be as shown in Figure 7 shown.
[0047] It should be clear that during long-term use, the surfaces of the plugging member 3 and the combustion chamber casing 1 in contact with the metal sheet 42 will become rough. To prevent high-temperature gas from leaking through the gaps formed by these rough areas, in an embodiment of the present application, a plurality of annular protrusions 423 are provided on the third surface of the metal sheet 42, and the third surface is perpendicular to the axis of the metal sheet 42. The axis of each annular protrusion 423 coincides with the axis of the metal sheet 42. During use, the annular protrusions 423 are oriented towards the plugging member 3 or the combustion chamber casing 1. Since the metal sheet 42 has a low hardness, the annular protrusions 423 can fill the rough areas on the plugging member 3 or the combustion chamber casing 1, preventing the formation of gaps in the rough areas, that is, preventing high-temperature gas from leaking.
[0048] It should be clear that the sealing gasket proposed in the present application forms gaps between the metal body and the plugging member and the combustion chamber casing through the setting of the metal body and the metal sheet. When the sealing gasket is in a high-temperature environment, the sealing gasket has sufficient space to deform to release internal stress, avoiding excessive internal stress in the sealing gasket and causing local deformation, resulting in the leakage of high-temperature gas. That is, the sealing gasket proposed in the embodiment of the present application has high sealing reliability in a high-temperature environment.
[0049] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present application. The scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A sealing gasket, characterized in that, Comprising: A metal body (41); the metal body (41) is provided with a circular hole for a plugging member to pass through the metal body (41). Two metal sheets (42), each metal sheet (42) being annular; one of the metal sheets (42) is disposed on the first surface of the metal body (41), and the other metal sheet (42) is disposed on the second surface of the metal body (41); the first surface and the second surface are opposite surfaces on the metal body (41), and both the first surface and the second surface are perpendicular to the thickness direction of the metal body (41); the axis lines of the two metal sheets (42) coincide with the axis line of the circular hole.
2. The gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the metal body (41) is 5 to 8 times the thickness of the metal sheet (42).
3. The gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the metal sheet (42) is greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the circular hole; the outer diameter of the metal sheet (42) is greater than or equal to the sum of the inner diameter of the metal sheet (42) and twice the thickness of the metal sheet (42), and less than or equal to the sum of the inner diameter of the metal sheet (42) and four times the thickness of the metal sheet (42).
4. The gasket according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The metal body (41) and the metal sheet (42) form a detachable connection; in use, the third surface on the metal body (41) and the fourth surface on the metal sheet (42) are opposite surfaces.
5. The gasket according to claim 4, characterized in that, An adhesive layer (43) is provided between the metal body (41) and the metal sheet (42); the adhesive layer (43) is located between the third surface and the fourth surface.
6. The gasket according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fourth surface of the metal sheet (42) is provided with a positioning protrusion (421), and the third surface of the metal body (41) is provided with a first positioning groove (411), and the positioning protrusion (421) and the first positioning groove (411) form an interference fit.
7. The gasket according to claim 6, characterized in that, The positioning protrusion (421) is annular; the inner diameter of the positioning protrusion (421) decreases along a first direction, and the outer diameter of the positioning protrusion (421) increases along the first direction; the first direction is parallel to the axis line of the metal sheet (42) and points from the metal body (41) to the metal sheet (42).
8. The gasket according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sealing gasket further includes a limiting ring (5); the third surface of the metal body (41) is provided with a first positioning groove (411); the fourth surface of the metal sheet (42) is provided with a second positioning groove (422); in use, the first positioning groove (411) and the second positioning groove (422) are spliced to form an annular sealing cavity; the annular sealing cavity and the limiting ring (5) form an interference fit.
9. The gasket according to claim 4, wherein The third surface of the metal sheet (42) is provided with a plurality of annular protrusions (423), the third surface being perpendicular to the axis line of the metal sheet (42); the axis line of each annular protrusion (423) coincides with the axis line of the metal sheet (42).
10. The gasket according to claim 4, wherein The metal sheet (42) is a sheet with a hardness less than the hardness of the metal body (41).