Cupola furnace slag separator, cupola furnace and casting production line
By setting up slag outlets and incubator structures in the cupola slag separator, the problems of molten iron composition adjustment and insulating furnace trench blockage are solved, and the full contact and effective absorption of incubator and molten iron are achieved, and casting production efficiency and casting quality are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421670873.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-15
AI Technical Summary
The prior art cannot simultaneously adjust the molten iron composition and prevent the insulating furnace melting grooves from being blocked. This is mainly due to the short contact time between the incubator and the molten iron, the incubator enters the incubator with the molten iron to form slag, which increases the maintenance frequency and cost.
A cupola slag dispenser is designed, including a circulation tank, a slag outlet, a slag box and a retaining wall structure. The slag outlet is set on the side and flush with the liquid surface. The slag box forms a fertilization chamber through the front and rear retaining walls. The fertilization agent is used to float above the iron by density differences to ensure full contact and absorption and avoid entering the insulating furnace.
It improves the contact time and absorption rate of inoculant and molten iron, reduces the risk of insulating furnace trenches, reduces the maintenance frequency and cost, simplifies the operation process, and improves casting production efficiency and casting quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN223121955U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of casting, in particular to a slag separator for a cupola, a cupola and a casting production line. Background Art
[0002] The casting process is an indispensable part of the manufacturing industry. Especially when producing gray iron castings for engines, its quality directly affects the performance and service life of the engine. Gray iron castings for engines are produced by the duplex melting process of a cupola-insulating furnace. Due to the variety of castings produced every day and the high requirements for the composition of molten iron, the composition of the molten iron discharged from the cupola cannot meet the production needs. Therefore, the composition of the molten iron needs to be adjusted before it enters the insulating furnace. At present, inoculants are added to the molten iron chute for composition adjustment. However, since some inoculants have a high melting point and a low specific gravity, they will enter the insulating furnace together with the molten iron, causing blockage of the melting channels of the insulating furnace and increasing the maintenance frequency and cost of the insulating furnace.
[0003] Therefore, the prior art cannot simultaneously achieve the adjustment of the molten iron composition and prevent the blockage of the melting channels of the insulating furnace for the following reasons: (1) The contact time between the inoculant and the molten iron is short, and the melting point is high, so it cannot be melted and absorbed quickly, and the absorption rate is low. (2) The density of the inoculant is smaller than that of the molten iron, floating above the molten iron, and will enter the insulating furnace together with the molten iron to form slag, resulting in blockage of the melting channels of the insulating furnace. Summary of the Utility Model
[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the embodiment of the present utility model is to provide a slag separator for a cupola, which can effectively adjust the composition of molten iron while preventing the blockage of the melting channels of the insulating furnace.
[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present utility model provides the following technical solutions:
[0006] A slag separator for a cupola, the slag separator has a body structure, the body structure is provided with a flow channel, the inlet of the flow channel is connected to the tapping port of the cupola, and a slag outlet and an inoculation box are sequentially arranged on the flow path of the body structure; the slag outlet is arranged on the side of the body structure, and the position of the slag outlet is flush with the liquid level in the flow channel; the inoculation box is provided with a front retaining wall and a rear retaining wall along the flow direction, a breeding chamber is formed between the front retaining wall and the rear retaining wall, a conveying groove is formed between the front retaining wall and the rear retaining wall and the bottom of the flow channel, and the top of the conveying groove is lower than the liquid level in the flow channel.
[0007] Optionally, the bottoms of the front retaining wall and the rear retaining wall are both inclined planes, the front end of the front retaining wall is lower than the rear end along the flow direction, and the inclination direction of the bottom of the rear retaining wall is the same as that of the bottom of the front retaining wall.
[0008] Optionally, a molten iron chute is provided at the rear side of the slag splitter along the flow direction, and the molten iron chute communicates with the flow-through chute of the slag splitter.
[0009] Optionally, the bottom of the molten iron chute is higher than the bottom of the flow-through chute, and a slope is formed at the transition between the molten iron chute and the flow-through chute.
[0010] Optionally, the bottom of the rear retaining wall of the inoculation box is lower than the bottom of the molten iron chute, and the rear end face of the rear retaining wall is aligned with the starting point of the slope.
[0011] Optionally, the width of the inoculation box perpendicular to the flow direction is greater than the width of the flow-through chute perpendicular to the flow direction, and the width of the flow-through chute perpendicular to the flow direction is greater than the width of the molten iron chute perpendicular to the flow direction.
[0012] Optionally, the body structure further includes a residue port, which is arranged on the side of the body structure. The residue port communicates with the flow-through chute, the residue port is lower than the slag discharge port, and the bottom of the flow-through chute at the position of the residue port is lower than the bottom of other positions.
[0013] Optionally, the body structure includes a shell and a lining. The shell is made of steel plate, and the lining is made of refractory material.
[0014] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a cupola, which includes a furnace body and the cupola slag splitter as described above. The furnace body has a tapping hole, and the slag splitter is arranged at the tapping hole of the furnace body.
[0015] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a casting production line, which includes a holding furnace and the cupola as described above. The holding furnace and the cupola are connected through a molten iron chute.
[0016] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
[0017] 1. In this slag splitter, the slag discharge port is arranged on the side of the body structure, and its position is flush with the liquid level in the flow-through chute, so that the liquid slag can be naturally discharged from the slag discharge port during the flow process, avoiding its entry into the subsequent treatment stage. The inoculation box forms an independent inoculation chamber, that is, an inoculant addition chute, through the design of the front retaining wall and the rear retaining wall, ensuring that the inoculant is in full contact with the molten iron here for composition adjustment. The setting of the front retaining wall and the bottom conveying chute prevents the residual slag on the front side from entering the inoculation box and affecting the composition adjustment process. The setting of the rear retaining wall utilizes the difference in density between the two. Through the bottom conveying chute of the rear retaining wall, the molten iron can flow smoothly during the flow process, while the inoculant floats above the molten iron, avoiding flowing into the holding furnace with the molten iron. This not only increases the contact time between the inoculant and the molten iron, improves the material absorption rate, and shortens the composition adjustment time. Moreover, it reduces the risk of blockage of the melting channel in the holding furnace and lowers the maintenance frequency and cost.
[0018] 2. By utilizing the original structural features of the slag separator, the inoculation box is combined with the slag separator, resulting in minor modifications, convenient operation, simplified operation process, reduced labor intensity, and improved efficiency and quality of casting production.
[0019] Advantages of additional aspects of the present utility model will be given in the following description, some of which will become apparent from the following description or be understood through the practice of the present utility model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] The accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification are used to provide a further understanding of the present utility model. The schematic embodiments and descriptions thereof of the present utility model are used to explain the present utility model and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present utility model.
[0021] Figure 1 is a top view of a cupola furnace and a slag separator provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0022] Figure 2 is a sectional view of a cupola furnace and a slag separator provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;
[0023] In the figures: 1. Cupola furnace; 11. Furnace body; 12. Taphole; 2. Slag separator; 21. Residual port; 22. Slag outlet; 23. Flow channel; 24. Inoculation box; 241. Inoculation chamber; 242. Front retaining wall; 243. Rear retaining wall; 244. Delivery chute; 25. Slope; 3. Molten iron chute; 4. Liquid level.
[0024] The distances or dimensions between each part are exaggerated for showing the positions of each part, and the schematic diagrams are only for illustration. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0025] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all exemplary and are intended to provide further explanations of the present utility model. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present utility model have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present utility model belongs. In addition, it should also be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.
[0026] Term Explanation:
[0027] Cupola furnace: It is an important device for melting cast iron in casting production. It is a device that uses the heat generated by coke combustion to melt solid furnace charges into high-temperature molten iron. The high-temperature molten iron is poured into a sand mold and the casting is obtained after cooling and opening the mold. The cupola furnace is a vertical cylindrical smelting furnace, named after its upward-opening top, and is mainly used for the production of cast iron parts.
[0028] Insulation furnace: It is an important equipment for storing high-temperature molten iron in casting production. Temperature adjustment is carried out through induction heating. The outer shell is made of steel plate, and the inner lining is made of refractory material.
[0029] Duplex melting process: One of the more advanced methods for melting cast iron. The cupola and the insulation furnace are used in combination for production. Utilizing the characteristics of high melting efficiency of the cupola and strong temperature control ability of the insulation furnace, the molten iron after melting is poured into the insulation furnace for temperature adjustment.
[0030] Slag separator: It is a part of the cupola, connected to the cupola furnace body, and is used to separate liquid slag from molten iron. Its outer shell is made of steel plate, and the inner lining is made of refractory material. After the molten iron melted by the cupola passes through the slag separator, the filtered molten iron is poured into the insulation furnace for heat preservation.
[0031] Molten iron chute: A long channel through which high-temperature molten iron flows, connecting the slag separator and the insulation furnace. The outer shell is made of steel plate, and the inner lining is made of refractory material.
[0032] Refractory material: Various refractory bricks, unshaped materials, etc. used for furnace lining and furnace repair, which prevent high-temperature molten iron from directly contacting the steel structure.
[0033] Inoculant: Granular material added to molten iron to change the solidification characteristics of molten iron.
[0034] Example 1
[0035] As introduced in the background technology, in the existing duplex melting process of cupola-insulation furnace, the adjustment of molten iron composition and the filtration of slag are two key steps. However, there are some problems in the existing technology. For example, the molten iron composition produced by the cupola often cannot directly meet the production requirements, and an inoculant needs to be added in the molten iron chute for composition adjustment. However, due to the high melting point and low specific gravity of some inoculants, they will flow into the insulation furnace together with the molten iron, resulting in clogging of the melting channels, increasing the maintenance frequency and cost. Moreover, the contact time between the inoculant and the molten iron is insufficient, resulting in low melting absorption rate.
[0036] To solve the above technical problems, this example proposes a cupola slag separator to effectively adjust the molten iron composition and efficiently filter the slag, avoiding clogging of the melting channels in the insulation furnace.
[0037] Such as Figure 1 、 Figure 2As shown in the figure, the slag splitter 2 has a body structure, and a flow channel 23 is provided in the body structure. The inlet of the flow channel 23 is connected to the tapping hole 12 of the cupola 1. An outlet slag hole 22 and an inoculation box 24 are sequentially arranged on the flow path of the body structure; the outlet slag hole 22 is arranged on the side of the body structure, and the position of the outlet slag hole 22 is flush with the liquid level 4 in the flow channel 23; the inoculation box 24 is provided with a front retaining wall 242 and a rear retaining wall 243 along the flow direction. An inoculation chamber 241 is formed between the front retaining wall 242 and the rear retaining wall 243. A conveying groove 244 is formed between the front retaining wall 242 and the rear retaining wall 243 and the bottom of the flow channel 23. The top of the conveying groove 244 is lower than the liquid level 4 in the flow channel 23.
[0038] In this slag splitter 2, the outlet slag hole 22 is arranged on the side of the body structure and is flush with the liquid level 4 in the flow channel 23, so that the liquid slag can be naturally discharged from the outlet slag hole 22 during the flow process, preventing it from entering the subsequent treatment stage.
[0039] The inoculation box 24 forms an independent inoculation chamber 241, that is, an inoculant addition tank, through the design of the front retaining wall 242 and the rear retaining wall 243, ensuring that the inoculant comes into full contact with the molten iron here for composition adjustment. The setting of the front retaining wall 242 and the bottom conveying groove 244 prevents the residual slag at the front from entering the inoculation box 24 and affecting the composition adjustment process. The setting of the rear retaining wall 243 takes advantage of the density difference between the two (the density of molten iron is large and the density of the inoculant is small. After the inoculant is added to the inoculation box 24, the inoculant floats on the upper part of the molten iron). The bottom conveying groove 244 of the rear retaining wall 243 ensures that the molten iron can flow through smoothly during the flow process, while the inoculant floats above the molten iron, preventing it from flowing into the holding furnace with the molten iron. This not only increases the contact time between the inoculant and the molten iron, improves the material absorption rate, and shortens the composition adjustment time, but also reduces the risk of blockage of the melting channel in the holding furnace and lowers the maintenance frequency and cost.
[0040] Utilizing the original structural characteristics of the slag splitter 2, the inoculation box 24 is combined with the slag splitter 2, with small modifications, convenient operation, simplified operation process, reduced labor intensity, and improved efficiency and quality of casting production.
[0041] In this embodiment, the inner wall size of the inoculation box 24 is 600mm * 600mm. If the size of the inoculation box 24 is too large, the temperature of the molten iron will decrease and the fluidity of the molten iron will be poor; if the size of the inoculation box 24 is too small, the amount of inoculant added at one time will be small, resulting in frequent operations and increased labor intensity.
[0042] The bottoms of the front retaining wall 242 and the rear retaining wall 243 are both inclined surfaces. Along the flow direction, the front end of the front retaining wall 242 is lower than the rear end, and the inclination direction of the bottom of the rear retaining wall 243 is the same as that of the bottom of the front retaining wall 242. The inclined surface design makes the molten iron more stable during the flow process and reduces turbulence.
[0043] The rear side of the slag splitter 2 along the flow direction is provided with a hot metal chute 3, and the hot metal chute 3 is communicated with the flow channel 23 of the slag splitter 2, so that the hot metal that has been adjusted by inoculation can be smoothly introduced into the holding furnace through the hot metal chute 3.
[0044] The bottom of the hot metal chute 3 is higher than the bottom of the flow channel 23, and a slope 25 is formed at the transition between the hot metal chute 3 and the flow channel 23. The bottom of the rear retaining wall 243 of the inoculation box 24 is lower than the bottom of the hot metal chute 3, and the rear end surface of the rear retaining wall 243 is aligned with the starting point of the slope 25. After the hot metal flows through the inoculation box 24, it can directly enter the hot metal chute 3, effectively guiding the flow of the hot metal and further ensuring the stability and continuity of the hot metal.
[0045] As Figure 1 shown, the width of the inoculation box 24 along the direction perpendicular to the flow direction is greater than the width of the flow channel 23 along the direction perpendicular to the flow direction, and the width of the flow channel 23 along the direction perpendicular to the flow direction is greater than the width of the hot metal chute 3 along the direction perpendicular to the flow direction, ensuring smooth flow of the hot metal and sufficient time for composition adjustment, and enhancing the inoculation effect.
[0046] The body structure further includes a residue port 21, which is arranged on the side of the body structure. The residue port 21 is communicated with the flow channel 23. The residue port 21 is lower than the slag discharge port 22, and the bottom of the flow channel 23 at the position of the residue port 21 is lower than the bottoms of other positions. After the production is completed, these residual hot metal and slag are emptied by the action of gravity.
[0047] The body structure includes a housing and a lining. The housing is made of steel plate, and the lining is made of refractory material. The steel plate material of the housing provides sufficient mechanical strength to ensure the stability and durability of the slag splitter 2 under high temperature and high pressure conditions. The refractory material of the lining provides effective thermal insulation, protecting the housing from direct damage by high-temperature hot metal and at the same time extending the service life of the slag splitter 2.
[0048] Working process: The hot metal melted by the cupola 1 flows out from the tapping hole 12. During normal production, the residue port 21 is closed and the slag discharge port 22 is opened. By using the characteristic that the density of the slag is less than that of the hot metal, the slag floats on the upper part of the hot metal and automatically flows out from the slag discharge port 22 to achieve the purpose of filtering the hot metal. After the production is completed every day, it is necessary to empty the residual hot metal and slag in the cupola 1. Open the residue port 21 and close the slag discharge port 22. Since the residue port 21 is at the lowest point, the hot metal and slag automatically flow out from this position.
[0049] Through the slag separator 2, it is possible to effectively prevent the inoculant from flowing into the holding furnace with the molten iron, eliminate the situation of the molten iron groove in the holding furnace being blocked by slag, and improve the safety and reliability of the holding furnace equipment. The hot blast cupola 1 has achieved two-stage slag separation for the molten iron tapped, improving the purity of the molten iron flowing into the holding electric furnace. The chemical composition of the molten iron is adjusted using the inoculation box 24. There is always a certain amount of molten iron in the inoculation box 24. The density of the inoculant is low, while the density of the molten iron is high. The inoculant always floats above the molten iron, comes into full contact with the molten iron, and dissolves into the molten iron. The molten iron flows out from the bottom. Since the contact time between the inoculant and the molten iron is increased, the absorption rate of the material can be improved, and the composition adjustment time is shortened.
[0050] Example 2
[0051] Based on the hot blast cupola slag separator 2 of Example 1, this example proposes a hot blast cupola 1, including a furnace body 11 and the hot blast cupola slag separator 2 as described in Example 1. The furnace body 11 has a tapping port 12, and the slag separator 2 is arranged at the tapping port 12 of the furnace body 11. The setting of the slag separator 2 can be directly connected to the tapping port 12 of the hot blast cupola 1, ensuring that the molten iron is slag-separated and inoculated and adjusted immediately after tapping, improving the efficiency of the entire smelting process and the quality of the castings.
[0052] Example 3
[0053] Based on the hot blast cupola 1 of Example 2, this example proposes a casting production line, including a holding furnace and the hot blast cupola slag separator 2 as described in Example 2. The holding furnace and the hot blast cupola 1 are connected through a molten iron chute 3. Such a production line design ensures that the molten iron can smoothly enter the holding furnace after tapping, and through multiple filtrations and adjustments by the slag separator 2 and the molten iron chute 3 during this process, the quality and production efficiency of the final castings are improved.
[0054] Although the specific implementation manners of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not a limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that based on the technical solutions of the present invention, various modifications or deformations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative efforts are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A cupola slag splitter, characterized in that, The slag separator has a body structure, and the body structure is provided with a flow channel. The inlet of the flow channel is connected to the tapping spout of the cupola. An outlet for slag and a inoculation box are sequentially arranged on the flow path of the body structure; The outlet for slag is arranged on the side surface of the body structure, and the position of the outlet for slag is flush with the liquid level in the flow channel; The inoculation box is provided with a front retaining wall and a rear retaining wall along the flow direction. A inoculation chamber is formed between the front retaining wall and the rear retaining wall. A conveying channel is formed between the front retaining wall and the rear retaining wall and the bottom of the flow channel. The top of the conveying channel is lower than the liquid level in the flow channel.
2. The cupola slag splitter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottoms of the front retaining wall and the rear retaining wall are both inclined planes. Along the flow direction, the front end of the front retaining wall is lower than the rear end, and the inclination direction of the bottom of the rear retaining wall is the same as that of the bottom of the front retaining wall.
3. The cupola slag splitter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rear side of the slag separator along the flow direction is provided with a molten iron chute, and the molten iron chute is communicated with the flow channel of the slag separator.
4. The cupola slag splitter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom of the molten iron chute is higher than the bottom of the flow channel, and a slope is formed at the transition between the molten iron chute and the flow channel.
5. The cupola slag splitter according to claim 4, wherein, The bottom of the rear retaining wall of the inoculation box is lower than the bottom of the molten iron chute, and the rear end surface of the rear retaining wall is aligned with the starting point of the slope.
6. The cupola slag splitter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The width of the inoculation box along the direction perpendicular to the flow direction is greater than the width of the flow channel along the direction perpendicular to the flow direction, and the width of the flow channel along the direction perpendicular to the flow direction is greater than the width of the molten iron chute along the direction perpendicular to the flow direction.
7. The cupola slag splitter according to claim 1, wherein, The body structure further includes a residue port, and the residue port is arranged on the side surface of the body structure. The residue port is communicated with the flow channel. The residue port is lower than the outlet for slag, and the bottom of the flow channel at the position of the residue port is lower than the bottom of other positions.
8. The cupola slag splitter according to claim 1, characterized in that The body structure includes a shell and a lining. The shell is made of steel plate, and the lining is made of refractory material.
9. A cupola, characterized in that, It includes a furnace body and a cupola slag separator according to any one of claims 1-8. The furnace body has a tapping spout, and the slag separator is arranged at the tapping spout of the furnace body.
10. A casting production line, characterized in that, It includes a holding furnace and a cupola according to claim 9. The holding furnace and the cupola are communicated through a molten iron chute.