Biomass boiler fire grate fault monitoring and alarming device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fire grate fault monitoring and alarming device for a biomass boiler, which belongs to the technical field of biomass boilers and can be used for carrying out real-time on-line detection on the running state of a fire grate, timely discovering the conditions of breaking, slipping, jamming and the like of the fire grate and timely alarming to remind maintenance personnel to deal with the conditions. The occurrence of boiler shutdown events is effectively avoided; comprising a furnace body, a fire grate used for conveying biomass fuel is arranged in the furnace body, the center of one side of one roller shaft corresponding to the fire grate extends outwards to form an extension shaft, the outer end of the extension shaft penetrates through the furnace body and extends out of the furnace body, and the outer end of the extension shaft is sleeved with a rotary encoder; a PLC and an alarm are arranged on the outer side of the furnace body, and the PLC is in circuit connection with the rotary encoder and the alarm.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biomass boilers, and more specifically, to a biomass boiler grate fault monitoring and alarm device. Background Art

[0002] Industrial boilers are widely used in various production departments of the national economy and people's livelihood. Because they work under harsh conditions of high temperature and high pressure and require long-term continuous operation.

[0003] Generally, boiler users mainly focus on the construction or inspection of the main steel frame, pressure-bearing components, thermal process meters, etc. that are prone to safety accidents, and do not pay much attention to the installation quality of other components. As a result, although no safety accidents will occur during the use of the boiler, the failure of other core components will also lead to boiler shutdown, affecting normal production and operation.

[0004] The grate is the combustion device of a biomass boiler and belongs to the core component of the boiler. Biomass fuel burns on the grate. The grate is a conveyor belt in the prior art. A plurality of roller shafts are correspondingly provided on the grate, and bearings are provided on each roller shaft. The grate is connected to each roller shaft to form a conveyor belt. By driving the rotation of the driving roller shaft, the driven roller shaft and the grate are driven to operate. By using the continuous operation of the grate, heat is continuously supplied to the boiler heating surface tubes. If the grate fails, the boiler cannot operate normally. In the actual production process, the grate often has problems such as stopping, running stuck, and slipping, resulting in the accumulation and combustion of biomass fuel in the furnace, local high heat generation, and damage to the grate, leading to boiler shutdown.

[0005] The main reasons for the grate to stop or run stuck are as follows:

[0006] (1) The grate is disconnected;

[0007] (2) The grate is jammed;

[0008] (3) The reducer fuse is broken and cannot be transmitted;

[0009] (4) The driving gear slips, resulting in the grate running stuck;

[0010] (5) The end of the driven roller shaft of the grate deviates and is jammed.

[0011] Currently, the monitoring of boilers is mostly carried out by manual inspection. Since there are many steps and it is rather cumbersome in the monitoring of boilers, if only manual monitoring is adopted, it is often impossible to detect the abnormalities in the operation of the grate in a timely manner, and the risk of failures is very high. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a device that can monitor and alarm the faults of the boiler grate in a timely and effective manner. When there are operation faults such as the grate stopping rotating, it can timely remind the on-site personnel to handle them, so as to reduce the risk of grate burnout and avoid the consequences of boiler production fluctuations and shutdowns. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The purpose of the present utility model is to provide a device for monitoring and alarming the faults of the grate of a biomass boiler. This device can perform real-time online detection on the operation state of the grate, timely detect situations such as the grate breaking, slipping, jamming, etc., and timely give an alarm to remind the maintenance personnel to handle it, effectively avoiding the occurrence of boiler shutdown events.

[0013] The technical solution adopted by the present utility model is as follows:

[0014] A device for monitoring and alarming the faults of the grate of a biomass boiler includes a furnace body. A grate for conveying biomass fuel is provided inside the furnace body. Among them, on one side center of one of the roller shafts corresponding to the grate, an extension shaft extends outward. The outer end of the extension shaft passes through the furnace body and extends out of the furnace body. A rotary encoder is sleeved on the outer end of the extension shaft. A PLC controller and an alarm are provided on the outer side of the furnace body. The PLC controller is respectively connected to the rotary encoder and the alarm in an electrical circuit.

[0015] Furthermore, a bracket for fixing the rotary encoder is also provided between the furnace body and the rotary encoder.

[0016] Furthermore, the cross-section of the bracket is L-shaped. The inner end of the bracket is fixedly connected to the furnace body, and the rotary encoder is fixedly installed at the outer end of the bracket.

[0017] Furthermore, a protection box is provided at the outer end of the bracket, and the rotary encoder is installed inside the protection box.

[0018] Furthermore, a box door is provided on the side wall of the protection box, and one side of the box door is hinged to the protection box.

[0019] Furthermore, a heat-insulating cotton is provided on the inner wall of the protection box close to the furnace body, and heat dissipation holes are provided on the side of the protection box away from the furnace body and on the front, back, upper and lower side wall plates.

[0020] Furthermore, the rotary encoder is any one of an optoelectronic rotary encoder, a magnetic rotary encoder, an inductive rotary encoder or a capacitive rotary encoder.

[0021] Further, the alarm is an audible and visual alarm.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0023] For a biomass boiler grate fault monitoring and alarm device of the present utility model, an extension shaft extends outward from the center of one side of a roller shaft corresponding to the grate. The outer end of the extension shaft passes through the furnace body and extends out of the furnace body. A rotary encoder is sleeved on the outer end of the extension shaft. A PLC controller and an alarm are arranged outside the furnace body. The PLC controller is respectively electrically connected to the rotary encoder and the alarm. When the boiler is running, the grate and each roller shaft rotate, and the rotary encoder rotates synchronously with the roller shaft at the same angular velocity, that is, the rotation angle of the roller shaft is changed into the rotation angle of the input shaft of the rotary encoder. The rotary encoder converts the mechanical quantity of the angular displacement of the input shaft into corresponding electrical pulses and outputs them to the PLC controller in digital quantity form. The PLC controller compares the pulse frequency obtained by real-time monitoring with the pulse frequency under the normal state of the boiler. The difference between the two can reflect the change in the running state of the roller shaft. When the difference between the two exceeds a certain threshold, the PLC controller determines that a fault has occurred in the operation of the grate, so as to be able to timely detect situations such as disconnection, slipping, and jamming of the grate, and timely give an alarm through the alarm to remind the maintenance personnel to handle it, effectively avoiding the occurrence of boiler shutdown events and reducing fuel waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present utility model and constitute a part of this application. The schematic embodiments of the present utility model and their descriptions are used to explain the present utility model and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present utility model. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass boiler;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the protection box in the present utility model Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the protection box in the present utility model Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the upper side wall plate of the protection box in the present utility model.

[0030] Description of the reference numerals: 1. furnace body; 2. grate; 3. roller shaft; 4. bearing; 5. extension shaft; 6. rotary encoder; 7. PLC controller; 8. alarm; 9. bracket; 10. protection box; 11. box door; 12. heat insulation cotton; 13. heat dissipation hole. Detailed implementation mode

[0031] The technical solution of the present utility model will be further described in detail below in combination with the specific implementation mode, but it does not constitute any limitation to the present utility model.

[0032] Refer to Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a biomass boiler grate fault monitoring and alarm device of the present utility model includes a furnace body 1. A grate 2 for conveying biomass fuel is arranged in the furnace body 1. The grate 2 is a conveyor belt in the prior art. A plurality of roller shafts 3 are correspondingly arranged on the grate 2. A bearing 4 is arranged on each roller shaft 3. The grate 2 is connected to each roller shaft 3 to form a conveyor belt. Among them, one side center of one of the roller shafts 3 corresponding to the grate 2 extends outwards to form an extension shaft 5. The outer end of the extension shaft 5 passes through the furnace body 1 and extends out of the furnace body 1. The roller shaft 3 connected to the extension shaft 5 is a driven roller shaft. A rotary encoder 6 is sleeved on the outer end of the extension shaft 5, that is, the outer end of the extension shaft 5 is installed in the rotary encoder 6 as an input shaft. A PLC controller 7 and an alarm 8 are arranged on the outer side of the furnace body 1. The PLC controller 7 is electrically connected to the rotary encoder 6 and the alarm 8 respectively. When the boiler is running, the grate 2 and each roller shaft 3 rotate. The rotary encoder 6 is driven by the extension shaft 5 and rotates synchronously with the driven shaft 4 at the same angular velocity, that is, the rotation angle of the roller shaft 3 provided with the extension shaft 5 is changed into the rotation angle of the input shaft of the rotary encoder 6. The rotary encoder 6 converts the mechanical quantity of the angular displacement of the input shaft into corresponding electrical pulses and outputs them to the PLC controller 7 in digital quantity form. The PLC controller 7 compares the pulse frequency obtained by real-time monitoring with the pulse frequency in the normal state of the boiler. The difference between the two can reflect the change in the operating state of the roller shaft 3 connected to the extension shaft 5. When the difference between the two exceeds a certain threshold, the PLC controller 7 determines that the grate 2 is malfunctioning, so as to be able to timely detect situations such as disconnection, slipping, and jamming of the grate, and timely alarm through the alarm to remind the maintenance personnel to handle it, effectively avoiding the occurrence of boiler shutdown events and reducing fuel waste.

[0033] The method for the PLC controller 7 to determine that the grate 2 has a fault in operation is as follows: First, during the period when the grate 2 is operating normally, the total number of basic pulses (C0) sent by the rotary encoder 6 is monitored and counted within a specific time period (T0), which is used as a reference. And the value of k is set in the PLC controller 7, where k is a constant less than 1. During the actual operation of the boiler, the PLC controller 7 monitors the total number of real-time pulses (C1) sent within each consecutive time period (T0) in real time, and compares each total number of real-time pulses C1 with the total number of basic pulses C0. When C1 < kC0, it means that the rotational speed of the roller 3 connected to the extension shaft 5 is lower than the normal condition, which is generally caused by an abnormality in the transmission of the grate 2. At this time, the PLC controller 7 determines that the grate 2 has a fault and controls the alarm 8 to send an alarm signal to remind the maintenance personnel to handle the fault; when C1 > kC0, it means that the rotational speed of the roller 3 connected to the extension shaft 5 is higher than the normal condition, which is generally also caused by other abnormal faults of the grate 2. At this time, the PLC controller 7 also determines that the grate 2 has a fault and controls the alarm 8 to send an alarm signal to remind the maintenance personnel to handle the fault. During the actual design process, one or more values of k can be specified according to the actual operating conditions of the boiler to suit the boiler operation scenarios in different states, or one or more fault alarm ranges can be set to conform to the actual production situation.

[0034] Further, a bracket 9 for fixing the rotary encoder 6 is also provided between the furnace body 1 and the rotary encoder 6, and the rotary encoder 6 is fixed to the outside of the furnace body 1 by using the bracket 9.

[0035] Further, the cross-section of the bracket 9 is L-shaped. The inner end of the bracket 9 is fixedly connected to the furnace body 1, and the rotary encoder 6 is fixedly installed at the outer end of the bracket 9. Such a structure of the bracket 9 is convenient for fixing it on the outer wall of the furnace body 1 and also convenient for fixing the rotary encoder 6 at the outer end of the bracket 9.

[0036] Further, a protective box 10 is provided at the outer end of the bracket 9, and the rotary encoder 6 is installed in the protective box 10. The protective box 10 can effectively protect the rotary encoder 6 from being scratched or damaged, and can also prevent the high temperature of the furnace body 1 from damaging the electronic devices.

[0037] Further, a box door 11 is provided on the side wall of the protective box 10. One side of the box door 11 is hinged to the protective box 10. When the maintenance personnel need to repair the rotary encoder 6, opening the box door 11 is convenient for observing the rotary encoder 6. During normal use, closing the box door 11 can effectively protect the rotary encoder 6, making it more convenient to use.

[0038] Furthermore, a heat insulation cotton 12 is provided on the inner wall of the protection box 10 close to the furnace body 1. The heat insulation cotton 12 can effectively block the high heat radiated from the side wall of the furnace body 1 and prevent it from damaging the electronic devices. Heat dissipation holes 13 are provided on the side of the protection box 10 away from the furnace body 1 and on the front, back, upper and lower side wall plates. The heat dissipation holes 13 can help the air in the protection box 10 to circulate and prevent the temperature in the box from being too high to damage the electronic devices.

[0039] Furthermore, the rotary encoder 6 is any one of an optoelectronic rotary encoder, a magnetic rotary encoder, an inductive rotary encoder or a capacitive rotary encoder. Among them, the resolution of the optoelectronic rotary encoder is very high, generally 5 to 10,000 lines per revolution. It can output extremely high pulses per 360-degree rotation and has a very high measurement accuracy. Even when the rotation speed of the roller shaft 3 connected to the extension shaft 5 is very slow, a very high measurement accuracy can be obtained to ensure the sensitivity of the PLC controller 7 for fault judgment and reduce the false alarm rate.

[0040] Furthermore, the alarm 8 is an audible and visual alarm. During the alarm process, the combination of sound and light signals can give better warnings to maintenance personnel.

[0041] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass boiler grate fault monitoring and alarm device, comprising a furnace body (1), wherein a grate (2) for conveying biomass fuel is arranged in the furnace body (1), and is characterized in that, One side center of one of the roller shafts (3) corresponding to the grate (2) extends outward to form an extension shaft (5). The outer end of the extension shaft (5) passes through the furnace body (1) and extends outside the furnace body (1). A rotary encoder (6) is sleeved on the outer end of the extension shaft (5). A PLC controller (7) and an alarm (8) are arranged outside the furnace body (1). The PLC controller (7) is electrically connected to the rotary encoder (6) and the alarm (8) respectively.

2. The biomass boiler grate fault monitoring and alarm device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A bracket (9) for fixing the rotary encoder (6) is further arranged between the furnace body (1) and the rotary encoder (6).

3. The biomass boiler grate fault monitoring and alarming device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cross section of the bracket (9) is L-shaped. The inner end of the bracket (9) is fixedly connected to the furnace body (1), and the rotary encoder (6) is fixedly installed at the outer end of the bracket (9).

4. A biomass boiler grate fault monitoring and alarming device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, A protective box (10) is arranged at the outer end of the bracket (9), and the rotary encoder (6) is installed in the protective box (10).

5. The biomass boiler grate fault monitoring and alarming device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A box door (11) is arranged on the side wall of the protective box (10), and one side of the box door (11) is hinged to the protective box (10).

6. The biomass boiler grate fault monitoring and alarm device according to claim 4, characterized in that, Heat insulation cotton (12) is arranged on the inner wall of the side of the protective box (10) close to the furnace body (1), and heat dissipation holes (13) are arranged on the side of the protective box (10) far from the furnace body (1) and on the front, back, upper and lower side wall plates.

7. The biomass boiler grate fault monitoring and alarm device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary encoder (6) is any one of an optoelectronic rotary encoder, a magnetic rotary encoder, an inductive rotary encoder or a capacitive rotary encoder.

8. A biomass boiler grate fault monitoring and alarm device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alarm (8) is an audible and visual alarm.

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