Multifunctional pipetting platform

Abstract

The utility model provides a multifunctional pipetting platform. The multifunctional pipetting platform comprises a base, a plurality of loading modules selectively arranged on the base, and a pipetting module, the loading module comprises a sample carrier, a pipette carrier, a gun head box and a waste box; a sample loading area, a liquid transferring area, a gun head taking area and a waste storage area which correspond to one another are arranged on the base, the sample loading area is used for placing a sample carrier, and the liquid transferring module is used for transferring liquid; the sample carrying frame is used for loading sample consumables, the pipette carrying frame is used for loading pipette consumables of various types and specifications, the pipette tip box is used for placing pipette tips to be used, and the waste box is used for storing used pipette tips. According to the utility model, different types of liquids can be transferred among different functional areas, and modular configuration can be carried out according to different requirements, so that multiple purposes can be conveniently expanded, repetition, omission, liquid leakage and the like of manual operation are avoided, and the accuracy and efficiency of pipetting detection of the pipetting platform are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of liquid transfer for biological detection and the like, and in particular to a multifunctional liquid transfer platform. Background Art

[0002] For the biological detection industry, when conducting some experiments with high repetitiveness, the experimenters or operators repeat the same operation for a long time, which is a waste of manpower and inefficient. The pipetting platform is an efficient and reliable experimental device. Its main function is to perform operations such as liquid movement and transfer. The pipetting platform can help experimenters complete various experiments quickly, accurately and conveniently. The pipetting platform usually transfers a specific volume of liquid from one container to another container accurately to achieve a specific purpose. The pipetting platform in the prior art is usually automatically controlled, which can reduce labor costs and improve pipetting efficiency and accuracy. However, most of the current pipetting platforms are still fixed layout designs, which are still not very convenient for transferring liquids between different consumables (i.e., containers). In addition, for consumables containing samples, it is usually necessary to rely on manual recording of the corresponding sample information and detection information through information codes pasted on the consumables, and then input instructions to control the pipetting platform to operate, which increases labor costs and the complexity of the detection process, further reducing detection efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pipetting platform with relatively complete functions and flexible configuration modules to meet different needs in order to address the deficiencies in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the utility model provides a multifunctional pipetting platform, comprising a base, a plurality of loading modules that can be optionally arranged on the base, and a pipetting module;

[0005] The loading module includes a sample carrier, a pipetting carrier, a tip box, and a waste box;

[0006] The base is provided with a sample loading area, a pipetting area, a gun tip access area, and a waste storage area. The sample loading area is used to place the sample carrier, the pipetting area is used to place the pipetting carrier, the gun tip access area is used to place the gun tip box, and the waste storage area is used to place the waste box. There are multiple pipetting areas, each of which can hold pipetting carriers of different specifications.

[0007] The pipetting module is used to transfer liquid;

[0008] The sample carrier is used to load sample consumables, and the pipetting carrier is used to load pipetting consumables, and the pipetting consumables include various types and specifications;

[0009] The tip box is used to store pipette tips to be used, and the waste box is used to store used pipette tips.

[0010] Furthermore, a reserved area is provided on the base, and the reserved area is left empty during conventional pipetting operations.

[0011] Furthermore, the sample loading area is arranged at the first end of the base, the waste storage area is arranged at the second end of the base, and the pipetting area and the gun tip taking area are located between the sample loading area and the waste storage area.

[0012] Furthermore, the sample carrier includes a first frame and a first carrier, the first carrier is used to place and position sample consumables, the first frame is connected to the first carrier, the sample consumables are provided with an RFID chip, the first frame is provided with a card reader, the card reader is used to read the information of the RFID chip, and the RFID chip records the sample information.

[0013] Furthermore, the sample consumable includes a liquid filling part and a detection part, the liquid filling part is provided with a plurality of liquid filling holes, the lower surface of the detection part is provided with a mounting groove, the RFID chip is arranged in the mounting groove and is electrically connected to the circuit board configured in the detection part. When the sample consumable is placed on the first carrier, the mounting groove faces the first frame.

[0014] Furthermore, the first carrier is provided with a plurality of card slots and a detection slot. When the sample consumable is placed in the card slot, the detection part is located above the detection slot.

[0015] Furthermore, the pipetting carrier includes a second frame body and a second carrier, the second carrier is connected to the second frame body, and the second carrier is provided with a plurality of placement holes for placing pipetting consumables.

[0016] Furthermore, the second carrier has multiple specifications, and the apertures of the placement holes on the second carriers of the same specification are set to be the same; or, the second carrier has multiple specifications, and the apertures of the placement holes on the second carriers of the same specification are set to be different.

[0017] Furthermore, the pipetting consumables include a tube body and a tube cover, the tube cover and the tube body are connected by a deformable connecting portion, and a cover support portion is provided on the second carrier, and the cover support portion is used to support and limit the opened tube cover.

[0018] Further, the cover support portion includes a support base, a first limiting block, and a second limiting block disposed on the support base. A gap between the first limiting block and the second limiting block forms a limiting groove for limiting the tube cap. The limiting groove is provided with a notch through which the connecting portion passes after the tube cap is inserted into the limiting groove.

[0019] Further, a metal bath module is also disposed in the second frame body.

[0020] The above solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The multifunctional pipetting platform provided by the present invention can transfer different types of liquids between different functional areas by arranging multiple functional areas on the base, and can be modularly configured according to different needs, so as to conveniently expand various uses. At the same time, by configuring a specific sample carrier and an RFID chip embedded in the sample consumable, the information of the sample consumable can be directly read by a card reader after being placed, so as to obtain sample information, detection information, etc., which is convenient for directly binding relevant information and traceability during the detection process without manual recording, reducing the operation of information identification during the sample entry and detection process, and improving the detection efficiency. The pipetting carrier is set to be adaptable to various reagent tubes, EP tubes, etc. of different sizes, with a considerable loading quantity, and can be flexibly configured by means of mixed loading, etc., and can be stably placed to avoid cross-contamination. By controlling the pipetting module, multi-axis motion module, etc. through system output instructions, orderly operations are carried out between different functional areas, avoiding repetition, omission, liquid leakage, etc. of manual operations, improving the accuracy and efficiency of pipetting detection of the pipetting platform, and can be used as an intelligent operation auxiliary device for clinical and scientific research.

[0022] Other beneficial effects of the present invention will be described in detail in the subsequent specific implementation part. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the base functional area of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the sample carrier of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the bottom of the sample consumable of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the first stage of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6Schematic diagram of the pipetting carrier placed in the first pipetting area of the present utility model;

[0029] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the pipetting carrier placed in the second pipetting area of the present utility model.

[0030]

Description of the reference numerals

[0031] 10 - Base; 11 - Sample loading area; 12 - First pipetting area; 13 - Second pipetting area; 14 - Tip picking area; 15 - Waste storage area; 16 - Reserved area; 20 - Multi-axis motion module; 30 - Pipetting module; 40 - Sample carrier; 41 - First frame; 42 - First stage; 43 - Sample consumables; 44 - RFID chip; 45 - Liquid filling part; 46 - Detection part; 47 - Liquid filling hole; 48 - Installation groove; 49 - Card slot; 410 - Detection notch; 50 - Pipetting carrier; 51 - Second frame; 52 - Second stage; 53 - Placement hole; 54 - Reagent tube; 55 - EP tube; 56 - Tube cap; 57 - Tube body; 58 - Support seat; 59 - First limit block; 510 - Second limit block; 511 - Metal bath module; 60 - Tip box; 70 - Waste box. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present utility model clearer, the following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model. In addition, the technical features involved in the different implementation manners of the present utility model described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0033] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to a locking connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multifunctional pipetting platform, comprising a base 10, a plurality of loading modules that can be optionally arranged on the base 10, a multi-axis motion module 20, and a pipetting module 30 connected to the multi-axis motion module 20. Among them, the loading module is used to load various types of consumables, such as consumables containing samples, consumables ready to receive samples, and the loading module is also used to load pipette tips for pipetting, and to collect discarded pipette tips (the pipette tips themselves are also consumables). The multi-axis motion module 20 has multiple degrees of freedom of movement, which is used to drive the pipetting module 30 to move to different loading modules for operation. Generally speaking, the multi-axis motion module 20 has at least horizontal and vertical translational degrees of freedom, and is driven by a screw mechanism or a synchronous belt mechanism so that the pipetting module 30 can move to the top of different loading modules, and then the vertical displacement allows the pipette tip to be inserted into the corresponding consumable to absorb or release liquid. The pipetting module 30 utilizes a coreless motor pump structure and utilizes gas displacement-based sample addition, offering high integration and excellent stability. It also features functions such as air pressure and capacitive liquid level detection, and can be further configured with clot and foam detection. Because the pipetting module 30 itself represents relatively mature prior art, its specific structure will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0036] At the same time Figure 2 As shown, the base 10 is provided with a sample loading area 11, a first pipetting area 12, a second pipetting area 13, a gun tip access area 14 and a waste storage area 15. Among them, the sample loading area 11 is used to place the sample carrier 40, the first pipetting area 12 and the second pipetting area 13 are used to place different pipetting carriers 50 respectively, the gun tip access area 14 is used to place the gun tip box 60, and the waste storage area 15 is used to place the waste box 70. The sample loading area 11 is set at the first end of the base 10, and the waste storage area 15 is set at the second end of the base 10. The pipetting area and the gun tip access area 14 are located between the sample loading area 11 and the waste storage area 15, and can be flexibly changed in different positions or arrangement orders. Of course, these areas can also be flexibly adjusted to replace or add or subtract different functions to achieve the purpose of flexible use and adapt to different pipetting needs.

[0037] It should be noted that the sample carrier 40, the pipetting carrier 50, the tip box 60, the waste box 70, etc. are all loading modules in the previous text.

[0038] In addition, a reserved area 16 is provided on the base 10. The reserved area 16 is left empty during normal pipetting operations. When an additional loading module is needed, the corresponding loading module can be placed in the reserved area 16. At the same time, instructions for the multi-axis motion module 20, the pipetting module 30, etc. are set through the system (background), so that the pipetting module 30 can move to the loading module in the reserved area 16 for operation.

[0039] In a specific implementation manner of this embodiment, a plurality of support holes for placing pipette tips are provided on the tip box 60. The pipette tips are placed in the support holes and maintained in a preset posture, so as to facilitate the automatic picking up of the pipette tips by the pipetting module 30. When a new pipette tip needs to be replaced after the pipetting module 30 completes pipetting, it only needs to move above the waste box 70 and release the pipette tip, so that the pipette tip automatically falls into the waste box 70, and then the pipette tips are recycled and processed uniformly. It should be noted that the pipetting module 30 can automatically complete the picking up and releasing of the pipette tips. This part is also prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0040] At the same time, as Figure 3 shown, the sample carrier 40 includes a first frame 41 and a first stage 42. The first stage 42 is used to place and position each sample consumable 43, and the first frame 41 is used to support the first stage 42. At the same time, to facilitate the system in the process to obtain and locate sample information, detection information, etc. in the sample consumable 43, in this embodiment, an RFID chip 44 (or other scannable and readable chips) is further embedded in the sample consumable 43, and a card reader is set at other positions on the first frame 41 or the pipetting platform. The information of the RFID chip 44 is directly read through the card reader, so as to obtain the sample information, detection information, etc. of the corresponding sample consumable 43.

[0041] As a preferred implementation manner, the sample consumable 43 in this embodiment includes a liquid loading part 45 and a detection part 46. At the same time, as Figure 4 shown, the sample consumable 43 is preferably set to be long strip-shaped, that is, the length dimension is larger, so as to facilitate the arrangement on the first stage 42 and make full use of the space of the first stage 42. The liquid loading part 45 is provided with a plurality of liquid loading holes 47, and the liquid loading holes 47 are used to hold samples. The RFID chip 44 is arranged in the detection part 46. When the sample consumable 43 is placed on the first stage 42, the RFID chip 44 is exposed relative to the sample consumable 43 to facilitate the card reader to read the information.

[0042] Specifically, an installation groove 48 is provided on the lower surface of the detection unit 46, and the RFID chip 44 is integrally arranged in the installation groove 48 and is electrically connected to the circuit board configured in the detection unit 46. When the sample consumable 43 is placed on the first carrier 42, the installation groove 48 faces downward, so the information can be directly read from below through the card reader arranged in the first frame 41, and there is no need to move the sample consumable 43 after it is installed, significantly improving the operation convenience. Of course, in other specific embodiments, the installation groove 48 can also be arranged on the upper surface of the detection unit 46, so that when the sample consumable 43 is placed on the first carrier 42, the installation groove 48 faces upward, and the information is read from above through the card reader arranged at other positions of the pipetting platform.

[0043] Meanwhile, as Figure 5 shown, in order to enable the sample consumable 43 to be stably placed on the first carrier 42, in this embodiment, a plurality of card slots 49 are further provided on the first carrier 42. The width dimension of the card slot 49 matches that of the sample consumable 43, so that the sample consumable 43 can be smoothly placed in the card slot 49 and is limited by the card slot 49 to prevent the sample consumable 43 from tipping over during the pipetting operation. At the same time, a detection notch 410 is also provided on the first carrier 42, and the detection notch 410 is adjacent to one end of the card slot 49. When the sample consumable 43 is accurately placed in the card slot 49, the detection unit 46 is exactly above the detection notch 410, so the RFID chip 44 in the installation groove 48 can be read from below the detection notch 410 without being obstructed by the first carrier 42. On the other hand, the first frame 41 is also integrally arranged in a box shape or a door shape, and the card reader is directly fixed inside the box shape or the door shape, and it can directly read the RFID chip 44 at the position of the upper detection notch 410. After the card reader reads the information, it can upload the read information to the system for the system to save the information and issue specific operation instructions.

[0044] Meanwhile, as Figure 6 、 Figure 7 shown, the pipetting carrier 50 includes a second frame 51 and a second carrier 52. The second carrier 52 is also placed on the second frame 51, and the second frame 51 is used to support the second carrier 52. The second carrier 52 is provided with placement holes 53 for placing pipetting consumables. It should be noted that common pipetting consumables include forms such as reagent tubes 54 and EP tubes 55. Among them, the reagent tube 54 is mainly used to load various biological reagents or other solutions. The EP tube 55 is a small centrifuge tube, also known as a microcentrifuge tube, mainly used for the separation of trace reagents. Based on this, in this embodiment, the aperture of the placement hole 53 matches that of the reagent tube 54, or matches that of the EP tube 55, or adopts a mixed form, that is, the placement holes 53 on one side of the second carrier 52 are adapted to the reagent tubes 54, and the placement holes 53 on the other side of the second carrier 52 are adapted to the EP tubes 55.

[0045] Figure 2 As shown, the pipetting carrier 50 in the first pipetting area 12 is adapted to the EP tube 55, and the pipetting carrier 50 in the second pipetting area 13 is adapted to the reagent tube 54. During the pipetting process, the sample in the sample consumable 43 can be transferred to the reagent tube 54 first, and then the mixed solution in the reagent tube 54 can be transferred to the EP tube 55, etc., and different pipetting requirements can be flexibly set to achieve different pipetting needs.

[0046] It should be noted that consumables such as the reagent tube 54 and the EP tube 55 are all provided with tube caps 56, and the tube caps 56 are connected to the tube body 57 through a deformable connecting portion. During the pipetting operation, the tube cap 56 needs to be maintained in an open state to facilitate the operation of the pipette tip. However, the connection method between the tube cap 56 and the tube body 57 using a connecting portion may have instability problems, resulting in the residual reagent on the tube cap 56 coming into contact with the reagent in other positions and causing cross-contamination. Based on this, in this embodiment, a cap support portion is further provided on the second stage 52, and the cap support portion is used to support and limit the tube caps 56 of the reagent tube 54, the EP tube 55 or other pipetting consumables, so as to prevent the tube caps 56 from shaking or interfering with the operation of the pipette tip during the pipetting operation after being opened.

[0047] Specifically in this embodiment, the cap support portion includes a support seat 58 and a first limit block 59 and a second limit block 510 provided on the support seat 58. Preferably, the first limit block 59, the second limit block 510 and the support seat 58 are integrally formed structures, the first limit block 59 and the second limit block 510 are arranged in parallel, and the gap therebetween forms a limit groove for limiting the tube cap 56. At the same time, the limit groove has a notch at the position of the first limit block 59, and the notch is used for the connecting portion between the tube cap 56 and the tube body 57 to pass through. Therefore, when the tube body 57 is inserted into the placement hole 53, the tube cap 56 can be opened and rotated until it is inserted into the limit groove, and the tube cap 56 can be stably maintained in an open state through the limitation of the limit groove.

[0048] As a preferred implementation manner, a metal bath module 511 is further provided in the second frame body 51 in this embodiment. The metal bath module 511 is a constant temperature module that uses high-purity aluminum material as a heat conduction medium to replace the traditional medium, and has the characteristics of convenient use, large temperature control range, high precision, etc., and can keep the reagents on the second stage 52 at a constant temperature. Among them, a socket can be provided on the base 10 or the base of the multi-axis motion module 20, and the plug of the metal bath module 511 can be directly plugged into the socket to facilitate connection and power supply to the metal bath module 511.

[0049] As described above, in this embodiment, by providing a plurality of functional areas on the base 10, different types of liquids can be transferred between different functional areas, and modular configuration can be carried out according to different needs, so that various uses can be conveniently expanded. At the same time, by configuring a specific sample carrier 40 and an RFID chip 44 embedded in the sample consumable 43, the information of the sample consumable 43 can be directly read by a card reader after being placed, so as to obtain sample information, detection information, etc., which is convenient for directly binding relevant information and traceability during the detection process without manual recording, reducing the operation of information identification during sample entry and detection, and improving the detection efficiency. The pipetting carrier 50 is configured to be able to adapt to various reagent tubes 54, EP tubes 55, etc. of different sizes, with a considerable loading quantity, and can be flexibly configured in a mixed way, and can be stably placed to avoid cross-contamination. By controlling the pipetting module 30, multi-axis motion module 20, etc. through system output instructions, orderly operations are carried out between different functional areas, avoiding repetition, omission, liquid leakage, etc. of manual operations, improving the accuracy and efficiency of pipetting detection on the pipetting platform, and can be used as an intelligent operation assistance device for clinical and scientific research.

[0050] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0051] The above embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multifunctional pipetting platform, characterized in that: It comprises a base (10), a plurality of loading modules that can be optionally arranged on the base (10), and a pipetting module (30); The loading module includes a sample carrier (40), a pipetting carrier (50), a tip box (60), and a waste box (70); The base (10) is provided with a sample loading area (11), a pipetting area, a gun tip taking area (14) and a waste storage area (15); the sample loading area (11) is used to place the sample carrier (40), the pipetting area is used to place the pipetting carrier (50), the gun tip taking area (14) is used to place the gun tip box (60), and the waste storage area (15) is used to place the waste box (70); a plurality of the pipetting areas are provided, and each of the pipetting areas can place the pipetting carriers (50) of different specifications; The pipetting module (30) is used to transfer liquid; The sample carrier (40) is used to load sample consumables, and the pipetting carrier (50) is used to load pipetting consumables, and the pipetting consumables include various types and specifications; The tip box (60) is used to place pipette tips to be used, and the waste box (70) is used to store used pipette tips.

2. The multifunctional pipetting platform according to claim 1, wherein, The base (10) is also provided with a reserved area (16), and the reserved area (16) is left empty during a conventional pipetting operation.

3. The multifunctional pipetting platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample loading area (11) is arranged at the first end of the base (10), the waste storage area (15) is arranged at the second end of the base (10), and the pipetting area and the gun tip taking area (14) are located between the sample loading area (11) and the waste storage area (15).

4. The multifunctional pipetting platform according to claim 1, characterized in that The sample carrier (40) includes a first frame (41) and a first carrier (42), wherein the first carrier (42) is used to place and position a sample consumable (43), the first frame (41) is connected to the first carrier (42), the sample consumable (43) is provided with an RFID chip (44), and the RFID chip (44) records sample information. The first frame (41) is provided with a card reader, and the card reader is used to read the information of the RFID chip (44).

5. The multifunctional pipetting platform according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sample consumable (43) includes a liquid filling portion (45) and a detection portion (46), wherein the liquid filling portion (45) is provided with a plurality of liquid filling holes (47), and the lower surface of the detection portion (46) is provided with a mounting groove (48), and the RFID chip (44) is arranged in the mounting groove (48) and is electrically connected to a circuit board configured in the detection portion (46). When the sample consumable (43) is placed on the first carrier (42), the mounting groove (48) faces the first frame (41).

6. The multifunctional pipetting platform according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first carrier (42) is provided with a plurality of card slots (49) and a detection slot (410). When the sample consumable (43) is placed in the card slot (49), the detection portion (46) is located above the detection slot (410).

7. The multifunctional pipetting platform according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pipetting carrier (50) includes a second frame (51) and a second carrier (52), wherein the second carrier (52) is connected to the second frame (51), and the second carrier (52) is provided with a plurality of placement holes (53) for placing pipetting consumables.

8. The multifunctional pipetting platform according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second carrier (52) has multiple specifications, and the apertures of the placement holes (53) on the second carriers (52) of the same specification are set to be the same; or, the second carrier (52) has multiple specifications, and the apertures of the placement holes (53) on the second carriers (52) of the same specification are set to be different.

9. The multifunctional pipetting platform according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pipetting consumables include a tube body (57) and a tube cover (56), wherein the tube cover (56) and the tube body (57) are connected via a deformable connecting portion, and a cover support portion is provided on the second carrier (52). The cover body support portion comprises a support seat (58) and a first limiting block (59) and a second limiting block (510) arranged on the support seat (58); a gap between the first limiting block (59) and the second limiting block (510) forms a limiting groove for limiting the pipe cover (56); the limiting groove is provided with a notch, and the notch is used for the pipe cover (56) to be inserted into the limiting groove and for the connecting portion to pass through.

10. The multifunctional pipetting platform according to claim 7, characterized in that: A metal bath module (511) is also provided in the second frame (51).

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