Physical non-stick structure and cooking utensil

Abstract

The physical non-stick structure is applied to the surface of a metal base material with the Vickers hardness smaller than 100, the surface of the metal base material is provided with a hardened layer, the hardness of the hardened layer is larger than that of the metal base material, and the surface, away from the metal base material, of the hardened layer is provided with a concave-convex structure containing a plurality of concave parts and convex parts. And a physical vapor deposition layer is arranged on the surface of at least part of the concave part and / or part of the convex part. According to the physical non-stick structure and the cooking utensil, physical non-stick performance can be achieved on the surface of a metal material with low hardness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cooking utensils, and in particular to a physical non-stick structure and a cooking utensil. Background Art

[0002] Existing cooking utensils achieve non-stick properties by applying a chemical coating, typically polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). While non-toxic under normal conditions, the PTFE coating begins to volatilize when heated to 260°C, and decomposes at temperatures exceeding 350°C. Therefore, the operating temperature of PTFE-coated non-stick pans generally cannot exceed 250°C. However, conventional cooking utensils, such as woks, are often heated to temperatures exceeding 260°C, posing a safety hazard. Furthermore, the coating is not wear-resistant and may peel off, making it easily ingested with food and potentially harmful to health.

[0003] Currently, the most common non-stick cookware on the market is a type of cookware that uses an aluminum base material as the pot body, with a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene attached to the inner surface of the pot body to achieve non-stick properties. This type of cookware has good non-stick properties, but in addition to the risk of high-temperature decomposition, this type of non-stick pan is not wear-resistant and can only be used with a wooden spatula, not a metal spatula, which is very limited during the cooking process. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a physical non-stick structure, cooking utensils and processing methods, which can not only improve the non-stick performance of the surface of metal materials with a Vickers hardness of less than 100, but also have the advantages of wear resistance and not easy to fall off.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides a physical non-stick structure, which is applied to the surface of a metal substrate with a Vickers hardness of less than 100, the surface of the metal substrate having a hardened layer, the hardness of the hardened layer being greater than the hardness of the metal substrate, and the surface of the hardened layer away from the metal substrate being provided with a concave-convex structure containing multiple concave and convex portions, and at least part of the concave portions and / or part of the convex portions being provided with a physical vapor deposition layer.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the hardened layer can improve the surface hardness of a metal substrate (such as an aluminum substrate) with a Vickers hardness of less than 100, and can also better isolate the precipitation of aluminum ions. A concave-convex structure containing multiple concave and convex parts is provided on the surface of the hardened layer. The concave-convex structure can form a hydrophobic structure on the surface of the metal substrate to achieve non-stick performance. This hydrophobic structure has a higher hardness than the metal substrate because it improves the hardness. Therefore, it has a certain wear resistance. After the concave-convex structure is processed, a physical vapor deposition layer is plated on the surface of the concave-convex structure. The physical vapor deposition layer has wear-resistant properties. In addition, the protection of the hardened layer on the surface of the metal substrate makes it difficult to fall off, and a high scratch resistance can be achieved.

[0007] In combination with the first aspect, in a further solution, the convex portion is a hill-like morphology surrounding the concave portion, and the surface roughness of the concave portion is smaller than the surface roughness of the convex portion.

[0008] The traditional non-stick structure is to process grooves on the metal surface through chemical etching and then spray chemical coating to achieve oil-locking and non-stick properties. The roughness of the grooves processed by the chemical etching method is higher than the roughness of the protrusions around the grooves. This structure has low surface strength and poor bonding with the physical vapor deposition layer (PVD). It is necessary to increase the bonding performance by adding a transition layer between the chemical coating and the deposition layer. The present technical solution can achieve surface hardening of the metal substrate by processing concave and convex parts through energy impact processing technology, and the surface roughness of the concave part is less than that of the convex part. The convex part is a hilly morphology surrounding the concave part, which improves the bonding performance with the physical vapor deposition layer and has good surface strength.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect, in a further solution, the hardened layer and the metal substrate are an integral material structure, and the physical vapor deposition layer is in direct contact with at least part of the concave portion and / or part of the convex portion surface.

[0010] By employing this technical solution, a concave-convex structure with multiple concave and convex portions is directly machined onto the surface of a metal substrate through energy impact. The concave-convex structure and the metal substrate are integrated into one material, enhancing the structural bond strength and reducing the risk of separation caused by the two-part structure. The physical vapor deposition layer directly contacts the concave-convex structure without a transition layer, reducing processing steps and costs while maintaining excellent bonding properties and achieving the same wear-resistant and non-stick properties.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in a further solution, at least a portion of the concave portion and / or at least a portion of the convex portion surface is provided with an electrolytic layer, and the electrolytic layer is in direct contact with the physical vapor deposition layer.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in a further solution, at least a portion of the concave portion and / or a portion of the convex portion surface is provided with a plasma polishing layer, and the plasma polishing layer is in direct contact with the physical vapor deposition layer.

[0013] By employing this technical solution, electrolysis or plasma creates micron- or nanometer-scale V-, C-, U-shaped, or randomly sized depressions on the shot-blasting layer. This further reduces the contact area between food and the pot. Combined with the repulsive force created by the heat-expanded air flowing within the depressions, this effectively achieves a non-stick effect. Furthermore, electrolysis can form an oxide film on the surface of the uneven structure, changing its color and improving its performance, enhancing both product performance and quality. Plasma polishing can also increase the surface gloss and improve product quality.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, in a further solution, the recesses are irregularly distributed on the surface of the metal substrate.

[0015] Through experimental tests, it was found that the concave portions are irregularly distributed on the surface of the metal substrate to form irregular concave portions and irregular hilly convex portions. The surface of the metal substrate can be more conveniently processed into an anisotropic and denser concave-convex structure with better hydrophobicity and bonding with PVD.

[0016] In combination with the first aspect, in a further solution, the concave portion is a spherical pit, the spherical diameter of the pit is 0.2-0.95 mm; the hole center distance of the pit is in the range of 0.3-0.8 mm.

[0017] In combination with the first aspect, in a further scheme, the surface of the concave portion and the surface of the convex portion have the same roughness level, at least part of the concave portion and / or at least part of the surface of the convex portion have a plurality of spherical pits, protrusions are provided between the pits, the spherical diameter of the pits is 0.2-0.95 mm; the hole center distance of the pits ranges from 0.3-0.8 mm.

[0018] In combination with the first aspect, in a further solution, the spherical diameter of the pit is 0.4-0.65 mm; the hole center distance of the pit is 0.6 mm.

[0019] Through experimental tests, it was found that the physical vapor deposition (PVD) processing technology applied to the pits with a spherical diameter of 0.2-0.95 mm, preferably 0.4-0.65 mm, and a pit center distance range of 0.3-0.8 mm, preferably 0.6 mm, has better non-stick and wear resistance.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, a concave-convex structure with the same roughness level as the convex surface can be machined on the surface of a metal substrate using processes such as stamping and rolling. Multiple spherical pits are arranged within the concave portions, and hilly protrusions are arranged between the pits. This multi-level concave-convex structure can be formed on the metal surface, resulting in improved non-stick properties. The physical vapor deposition (PVD) process is applied to the concave-convex structure with a spherical diameter of 0.2-0.95 mm, preferably 0.4-0.65 mm, and a center-to-center distance of 0.3-0.8 mm, preferably 0.6 mm, achieving improved non-stick and wear resistance.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present application provides a cooking utensil comprising a body formed from a metal substrate having a Vickers hardness of less than 100, wherein the inner surface of the body is provided with the physical non-stick structure described in the first aspect.

[0022] In combination with the second aspect, in a further solution, the concave portion and the convex portion are concave-convex structures with a height difference of 45-85 microns, which are made by processing the inner surface of the main body after the main body is formed.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, a softer metal substrate (such as aluminum) can be used as the main body of the cooking utensil. The aluminum-based cooking utensil with this physical non-stick structure has low material and processing costs, is lighter, and can improve the non-stick performance when cooking food, reduce the chance of food sticking to the surface of the main body, make it easier to clean the cooking utensil, and enhance the cooking pleasure.

[0024] Experimental testing has shown that a concave-convex structure with a height difference of 45-85 microns, or a concave-convex structure with a height difference of 55-75 microns, is both easy to process and exhibits excellent hydrophobicity. The physical vapor deposition layer can effectively achieve a morphology similar to the concave-convex structure when covering the concave and convex surfaces, giving the surface of the physical vapor deposition layer improved non-stick properties and wear resistance.

[0025] This technical solution breaks through the technical bottleneck of aluminum-based non-stick cookware's non-scratch resistance, significantly reduces product cost and weight, and improves product competitiveness.

[0026] In summary, this application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0027] 1. The physical non-stick structure of the present application can make the metal surface of the softer material have both wear-resistant and physical non-stick properties, and can also better isolate the precipitation of aluminum ions.

[0028] 2. The physical non-stick structure of this application can reduce the risk of falling off caused by the two-body structure directly combining the metal substrate and PVD, and has higher strength.

[0029] 3. The physical non-stick structure of the present application, the physical vapor deposition layer is in direct contact with the concave-convex structure, and there is no transition layer in between, which can not only ensure the bonding strength but also reduce the processing steps and reduce the processing cost.

[0030] 4. The cooking utensils of this application overcome the technical bottleneck of aluminum-based non-stick cookware's lack of scratch resistance, significantly reducing product cost and weight, and improving product competitiveness. While maintaining the wear resistance and non-stick properties required for normal cooking, they also improve the cost-effectiveness of the cooking utensils. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum substrate having a first embodiment of the physical non-stick structure of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 yes Figure 1Enlarged schematic diagram of area A in the middle;

[0033] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the middle BB section;

[0034] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of area C in the middle;

[0035] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the concave-convex structure after removing the physical vapor deposition layer;

[0036] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of area D in the middle;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the physical non-stick structure of the present application;

[0038] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Enlarged schematic diagram of the middle E area;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the concave-convex structure of the third embodiment of the physical non-stick structure of the present application after the physical vapor deposition layer is removed;

[0040] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 Enlarged schematic diagram of the middle F area;

[0041] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of the first embodiment of the cooking utensil of the present application;

[0042] Figure 12 It is a structural diagram of the second embodiment of the cooking utensil of the present application.

[0043] Reference numerals:

[0044] 100. Aluminum substrate; 200. Physical non-stick structure; 2. Hardened layer; 20. Concave-convex structure; 21. Concave portion; 22. Convex portion; 3. Physical vapor deposition layer; 4. Pits; 41. Protrusions; 5. Pot body; 51. Inner surface; 511. Bottom area; 52. Outer surface; 521. Pot mouth area; 6. Handle; a. Hole center distance; b. Concave-convex height difference; c. Depth of concave portion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0047] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0048] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on this application.

[0049] Aluminum is the most common non-stick cookware on the market. However, because aluminum is relatively soft, aluminum-based cookware is not resistant to scratching during use. Although aluminum pans with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) non-stick coatings offer excellent non-stick properties, scratching during use often causes the coating to peel, exposing the aluminum base. This peeling coating and exposed aluminum base both compromise food hygiene and safety. Currently, the industry has no effective solution, except to pair wooden spatulas with pans during sales and emphasize that metal spatulas are not acceptable, in an effort to minimize the risk of coating peeling. However, this does not fundamentally address the risk.

[0050] In order to solve this defect, after long-term research and multiple experimental tests, the inventors finally broke through the bottleneck of the existing technology and developed a physical non-stick structure 200. This structure has non-stick and wear-resistant properties and will not decompose like polytetrafluoroethylene at high temperatures, and does not have the safety hazards of chemical coatings.

[0051] The following describes some embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the absence of conflict, the features of the following embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0052] The cooking utensils in this application include dining utensils and cooking utensils.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] See also Figures 1-6 , the structural diagram of the first embodiment of the physical non-stick structure 200 is suitable for the surface of a metal substrate with a Vickers hardness of less than 100. This embodiment uses an aluminum substrate as an example for illustration. The physical non-stick structure 200 is arranged on at least part of the surface of the aluminum substrate 100. The surface of the aluminum substrate 100 has a hardened layer 2, and the hardness of the hardened layer 2 is greater than the hardness of the aluminum substrate 100. The hardened layer 2 is made by performing energy impact on the surface of the workpiece to make the surface hardness of the workpiece greater than the hardness of the metal substrate. The energy impact can use plasma or cold spray to impact and melt a layer of metal on the surface of the workpiece to preliminarily improve the overall hardness of the workpiece surface. The metal layer material is not limited to stainless steel and titanium alloy. Practical applications are not limited to plasma or cold spray processing. Other similar processing methods can be used to achieve the same effect, such as spraying, etc. This is just an example and not a limitation. The hardened layer can better isolate the precipitation of aluminum ions.

[0055] The surface of the hardened layer 2, facing away from the aluminum substrate, is provided with a concave-convex structure 20 comprising a plurality of concave portions 21 and convex portions 22. The convex portions 22 have a hilly morphology surrounding the concave portions 21. The surface roughness of the concave portions 21 is less than that of the convex portions 22. A physical vapor deposition layer 3 is provided on at least a portion of the concave portions 21, at least a portion of the convex portions 22, or at least a portion of the concave-convex structure 20. The surface morphology of the physical vapor deposition layer 3 is similar to that of the concave portions 21 and convex portions 22 it covers.

[0056] See also Figure 1 The physical non-stick structure 200 in this embodiment includes a concave-convex structure 20 formed in an area set on the surface of the aluminum substrate 100 by high-speed steel shot impacting the surface of the aluminum substrate 100 or by rolling or other processing methods, and then PVD coating is performed. Therefore, the concave-convex structure 20 and the aluminum substrate 100 are formed of an integral material structure.

[0057] See also Figure 2 The physical non-stick structure 200 includes a concave-convex structure 20 on the surface of the aluminum substrate 100. The concave-convex structure 20 includes recesses 21. Depending on the processing method, the recesses 21 can be evenly distributed or irregularly distributed on the surface of the aluminum substrate 100. In the embodiment where the recesses 21 are irregularly distributed on the surface of the aluminum substrate 100, the concave-convex structure 20 is formed by using high-pressure air to impact steel shots with a diameter of 0.3-1.9 mm on the surface of the aluminum substrate 100.

[0058] In this embodiment, the concave portion 21 is a spherical concave portion 4, with a surface roughness of ≤3.2 microns and a diameter of 0.2-0.95 mm, preferably 0.4-0.65 mm. The concave portion 4 is formed by spraying 0.6-1 mm steel shot onto the surface of the aluminum substrate 100 at a pressure of 2 MPa-8 MPa. The diameter of the concave portion 4 mentioned above refers to the spherical diameter. The center-to-center distance a of the concave portion 4 ranges from 0.3-0.8 mm, preferably 0.6 mm. The center-to-center distance a mentioned here refers to the distance between the sphere centers of the concave portion 4. In some embodiments, the cross-section can be processed into a circular, elliptical, or polygonal shape according to design requirements through processing methods such as rolling and stamping, such as a hexagon or quadrilateral. If the concave portion 4 is a polygon, the polygon can be evenly distributed by rolling or can be designed to be irregularly arranged as needed. The diameter of the inscribed circle of the polygon ranges from 0.2-0.95 mm, preferably 0.4-0.65 mm.

[0059] See also Figure 3-Figure 6 The concave-convex structure 20 is a surface formed by connecting the pits 4 processed on the surface of the aluminum substrate 100 and the hilly convex parts 22 extruded between the pits 4. The concave-convex height difference b, that is, the distance from the highest point of the convex part 22 to the lowest point of the concave part 21, is 45-85 microns, and the optimal range is 55-75 microns.

[0060] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 By energy impacting the surface of the aluminum substrate 100, a hardened layer 2 with a certain thickness and hardness is formed on the impact surface of the aluminum substrate 100. The surface of the hardened layer 2 has a concave-convex structure 20 containing concave portions 21 and convex portions 22. The concave-convex structure 20 and the aluminum substrate 100 are an integrated material structure, and the physical vapor deposition layer 3 is in direct contact with the surface of the concave-convex structure 20.

[0061] Based on the design requirements of different products, a physical vapor deposition layer 3 is applied to at least a portion of the surface of the concave-convex structure 20. By setting and controlling the PVD coating process parameters, the surface morphology of the physical vapor deposition layer 3 is similar to the surface morphology of the concave-convex structure 20 it covers, thereby achieving a non-stick effect on the surface of the aluminum substrate 100. The physical vapor deposition layer 3 is in direct contact with the concave-convex structure 20. Research and testing have shown that a thickness of 0.8-1.45 microns for the physical vapor deposition layer 3 achieves optimal technical results.

[0062] The PVD coating has poor adhesion to the aluminum substrate 100 when in direct contact, and the aluminum substrate 100 is relatively soft, which cannot guarantee good wear resistance. Currently, steel and PVD cannot be directly contacted and adhered. It is necessary to set a transition layer between the PVD coating and the aluminum substrate 100 to improve the bonding performance. For example, patents with application numbers CN202121169683.5 and CN202222426611.5 both use a solution of adding a transition layer between the steel and the physical vapor deposition layer 3 to achieve the bonding between the steel and the physical vapor deposition layer 3. The transition layer can have good adhesion to both the coating and the steel, ensuring good adhesion between the PVD coating and the steel and not easy to fall off. However, there has been no research and application of direct or indirect bonding between aluminum substrates and PVD. The physical non-stick structure 200 of this application has been developed through theoretical analysis and long-term experimental testing, resulting in a new structure and processing method. A hardness layer 2 having a certain hardness and a corresponding concave-convex structure 20 on the surface of the hardness layer 2 are directly processed on the surface of the aluminum substrate 100. This can not only achieve good bonding between the PVD coating and the aluminum substrate 100, but also improve the hardness and non-stick properties of the aluminum substrate 100 surface. This provides excellent bonding performance and wear resistance, and can maintain the wear-resistant and non-stick properties of the aluminum substrate 100 surface for a long time. This embodiment uses an aluminum substrate as an example for illustration. In actual applications, it can be applied to other metals with a Vickers hardness of 100 or less, such as aluminum alloys, copper, titanium, etc., depending on the different materials of different products.

[0063] Performance comparison test of different parameters:

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] The spherical diameter of the dimples is correlated with the height difference b. For both accuracy and convenience, this parameter was selected for comparative analysis. Performance comparison tests show that the optimal overall performance for items 5-8 is achieved when the physical vapor deposition thickness is within the 0.8-1.45µm range and the height difference b is 45-85µm. This parameter range also offers the most reasonable cost.

[0067] When the physical vapor deposition thickness is less than 0.8um and the height difference b of the concave and convex is less than 45um, the coating adhesion is poor and can only reach level 3, and it is easy to fall off; the hardness range is 600-800HV, the hardness is not enough, and the wear resistance is poor; the non-stick effect of fried eggs is level III, and the non-stick effect is poor.

[0068] When the physical vapor deposition thickness is less than 0.8um and the concave-convex height difference b is greater than 85um, the coating hardness ranges from 300-800HV, the hardness is insufficient, and the wear resistance is poor; the non-stick effect of fried eggs is level III, and the non-stick effect is poor.

[0069] When the physical vapor deposition thickness is greater than 1.45um and the concave-convex height difference b is less than 45um, the coating adhesion is very poor and can only reach level 3, and it is easy to fall off; the hardness range of 1500-2000HV can meet the requirements, but it wastes raw materials and increases costs, and the non-stick effect of fried eggs is level III, which is poor.

[0070] When the physical vapor deposition thickness is greater than 1.45um and the concave-convex height difference b is greater than 85um, the bonding strength can reach level 2 or above, and the hardness range of 1500-2000HV can meet the requirements, but the waste of raw materials increases costs and the non-stick effect of fried eggs is level III, which is poor.

[0071] When the physical vapor deposition thickness is within the range of 0.8-1.45um and the concave-convex height difference b is 45-85um, the bonding strength can reach level 2, the hardness range is 1500-2000HV, the non-stick effect of fried eggs is level II, and the cost performance is the best.

[0072] See also Figure 5 and Figure 6 The hardened layer 2 is located on the surface of the aluminum substrate 100 and has a thickness ranging from 0.2 to 1 mm. While the thickness of the hardened layer 2 is shown as uniform in the accompanying drawings for ease of illustration, in practice, the thickness of the hardened layer 2 is non-uniform, with the thickness of the hardened layer 2 at the recesses 21 being greater than that at the protrusions 22. While the thickness may vary between recesses 21 and protrusions 22, the thickness of the hardened layer 2 at different locations generally falls within the range of 0.2 to 1 mm, meeting practical application requirements.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] See also Figure 7 and Figure 8, which is different from Example 1 in that the surface of the aluminum substrate 100 is processed with a plurality of recesses 21 and convex portions 22 formed between the recesses 21. The recesses 21 can be formed by impact, rolling or stamping. The surface of the recesses and the surface of the convex portions have the same roughness level, and the depth c of the recesses is between 0.1 mm and 0.9 mm. A plurality of pits 4 are processed on the surface of the recesses 21 and the convex portions 22, and hill-like protrusions 41 are provided between the pits 4. The spherical diameter of the pits 4 is 0.2-0.95 mm, preferably 0.4-0.65 mm. The center-to-center distance a of the pits 4 ranges from 0.3-0.8 mm, preferably 0.6 mm. Depending on the product requirements, the recesses 21 can be designed as follows: spherical pits 4 are formed by spraying 0.6-1 mm steel shots at a pressure of 2 MPa-8 MPa onto the surface of the aluminum substrate 100, and the surface roughness of the pits 4 is ≤3.2 microns. The center-to-center distance a of the dimples 4 ranges from 0.3 to 0.8 mm, with an optimal value of 0.6 mm. The center-to-center distance a here refers to the distance between the centers of the dimples 4. This embodiment can create a multi-level concave-convex structure on the surface of the aluminum substrate 100, improving both the bonding with PVD and the wear resistance of the product surface, while also enhancing the non-stick properties of the product surface.

[0075] In some embodiments, the cross-section can be processed into a circular, elliptical, or polygonal shape according to design requirements by rolling, stamping, or other processing methods. The polygonal shape can be, for example, a hexagonal or quadrilateral. If the dimples 4 are polygonal, the polygons can be evenly distributed by rolling or irregularly arranged as needed. The diameter of the inscribed circle of the polygon is 0.2-0.95 mm, and optimally 0.4-0.65 mm.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] See also Figure 9 and Figure 10 , which is different from the first embodiment in that an electrolytic layer or a plasma polishing layer is provided between the concavo-convex structure 20 and the physical vapor deposition layer.

[0078] See also Figure 9 The concave-convex structure 20 composed of the concave portion 21 and the convex portion 22 on the surface of the aluminum substrate 100 is the same as that in the first embodiment and will not be described again.

[0079] See also Figure 10 The electrolytic layer or plasma polishing layer is formed by electrolysis or plasma polishing on the surface of the concave portion 21 and the convex portion 22 to produce an irregular rough surface at the nanometer or micrometer level. The processing in this embodiment is formed by electrolytic processing, and plasma processing can be used according to product requirements.

[0080] In some embodiments, there are multiple combined processing methods, for example, an electrolytic layer or a plasma polishing layer is provided on the surface of part of the concave-convex structure 20, and a physical vapor deposition layer 3 is plated on the surface of part of the electrolytic layer or the plasma polishing layer, or part of the concave-convex structure 20, or part of the concave-convex structure 20 and part of the electrolytic layer / or the plasma polishing layer, so as to form a variety of combined structures on the surface of the aluminum substrate 100, to achieve different surface effects according to different usage requirements, or to achieve different surface effects in different areas on the surface of the aluminum substrate 100.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] See also Figure 11 This embodiment discloses a cooking utensil, specifically a wok, which includes a pot body 5 and a handle 6 made of an aluminum substrate. The physical non-stick structure 200 of the first embodiment is provided in the bottom area 511 of the inner surface 51 of the pot body 5. In actual applications, in order to achieve better non-stick performance, the entire inner surface 51 of the pot body 5 can be provided with the physical non-stick structure 200. This embodiment is only described by way of example using a wok. In actual applications, the physical non-stick structure 200 can be applied to the surfaces of all cooking utensils, including dining utensils and cooking utensils, including but not limited to containers of cooking utensils (soymilk maker cups, rice cookers, pressure cookers, electric hot pot inner pots or oven boxes, baking trays, etc.), juicer cups, spatulas, etc.

[0083] Example 5

[0084] See also Figure 12 The difference between this embodiment and the fourth embodiment is that the outer surface 52 of the pot body 5 of this embodiment is also provided with a physical non-stick structure 200. The physical non-stick structure 200 is provided at a position of the pot mouth away from the bottom of the pot. In actual application, if cost is not a consideration, in order to achieve good non-stick performance of the outer surface 52, the physical non-stick structure 200 can be provided on the entire area of the outer surface 52. Alternatively, the concave-convex structure 20 and the convex portion 22 can be integrally provided in the pot mouth area 521 of the outer surface 52 of the pot body 5 away from the bottom.

[0085] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention is subject to various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions and variations fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A physical non-stick structure (200) applied to the surface of a metal substrate with a Vickers hardness of less than 100, characterized in that: The surface of the metal substrate has a hardened layer (2), the hardness of the hardened layer (2) is greater than the hardness of the metal substrate, and the surface of the hardened layer (2) away from the metal substrate is provided with a concave-convex structure (20) containing a plurality of concave portions (21) and convex portions (22), and at least a portion of the concave portions (21) and / or a portion of the convex portions (22) are provided with a physical vapor deposition layer (3).

2. The physical non-stick structure (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that The convex portion (22) is a hilly morphology surrounding the concave portion (21), and the surface roughness of the concave portion (21) is smaller than the surface roughness of the convex portion (22).

3. The physical non-stick structure (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that The hardened layer (2) and the metal substrate are an integrated material structure, and the physical vapor deposition layer (3) is in direct contact with at least part of the surface of the concave portion (21) and / or part of the surface of the convex portion (22).

4. The physical non-stick structure (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that An electrolytic layer is provided on the surface of at least a portion of the concave portion (21) and / or at least a portion of the convex portion (22), and the electrolytic layer is in direct contact with the physical vapor deposition layer (3).

5. The physical non-stick structure (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that A plasma polishing layer is provided on the surface of at least part of the concave portion (21) and / or part of the convex portion (22), and the plasma polishing layer is in direct contact with the physical vapor deposition layer (3).

6. The physical non-stick structure (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that The recesses (21) are irregularly distributed on the surface of the metal substrate (100).

7. The physical non-stick structure (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that The concave portion (21) is a spherical pit (4), the spherical diameter of the pit (4) is 0.2-0.95 mm; the hole center distance (a) of the pit (4) ranges from 0.3-0.8 mm.

8. The physical non-stick structure (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that The surface of the concave portion (21) and the surface of the convex portion (22) have the same roughness grade, and at least part of the surface of the concave portion (21) and / or at least part of the surface of the convex portion (22) have a plurality of spherical pits (4), protrusions (41) are provided between the pits (4), and the spherical diameter of the pits (4) is 0.2-0.95 mm; the hole center distance (a) of the pits (4) ranges from 0.3-0.8 mm.

9. The physical non-stick structure (200) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The spherical diameter of the pit (4) is 0.4-0.65 mm; the hole center distance (a) of the pit (4) is 0.6 mm.

10. A cooking utensil comprising a body formed of a metal substrate (100) having a Vickers hardness of less than 100, characterized in that: The inner surface (51) of the main body is provided with a physical non-stick structure (200) as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the concave portion (21) and the convex portion (22) are concave-convex structures (20) with a height difference of 45-85 microns, which are made by processing the inner surface (51) of the main body after the main body is formed.

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