Blast hole arrangement structure of ultra-deep medium-length hole
Through the ultra-deep medium-deep hole arrangement structure, the orifice spacing and mirror layout are controlled, the problems of high cutting ratio and high cost of the medium-deep hole arrangement structure in the mining of the end ore body are solved, and safe and efficient mining is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422205243.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-09
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-12
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-09
AI Technical Summary
The existing medium-deep hole arrangement structure has problems such as large cutting ratio, high mining cost, excessive density of holes, easy perforation, high blasting rate at the bottom of the hole, and low blasting success rate when mining the end ore body.
The ultra-deep and medium-deep hole arrangement structure is adopted to control the orifice spacing and the adjacent row of gun holes. The center spacing at the bottom of the hole is distributed in a zigzag shape, and the blasting ring at the bottom of the hole is plum blossom shape. There is a non-loading section and detonation cable. A slightly differential blasting method is used to improve the blasting effect.
Effectively reduce the mining and cutting ratio, increase the mine output ratio, reduce mining costs, ensure the blasting success rate, reduce ore damage, and achieve safe and efficient mine recovery.
Smart Images
Figure CN223216788U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and in particular relates to a blasthole arrangement structure for ultra-deep and medium-deep holes. Background Art
[0002] Mineral resources are non-renewable, and improving resource extraction efficiency is a key issue in current mining. Existing mining practices mostly adhere to a balanced production principle, mining both rich and poor, large and small, thick and thin, and difficult and easy, to improve mineral recovery rates. Small, independent ore bodies at the edges and corners still account for a significant portion of existing mineral resources. These small ore bodies are located farther from the main ore body, decreasing in height and decreasing in effective ore volume as they approach the end of the ore body. Medium- and deep-hole mining, with its optimal borehole diameter and depth, is widely used in existing mining. To ensure effective blasting, conventional medium- and deep-hole drilling is typically designed to be approximately 15 meters deep. The ore body is then divided into 15-meter sections, each with its own dedicated mining and cutting operations. However, using this design approach in end-of-line ore bodies requires each section to pass through a bare zone, increasing the mining ratio and overall mining costs, hindering the economic benefits of mining operations. However, in the existing fan-shaped medium- and long-hole blasthole arrangement structure, the blasthole depth is directly increased. In order to control the blasting effect at the bottom of the hole, the number of blastholes and the amount of explosive per hole need to be increased. As a result, there are problems such as high density of hole openings, easy perforation and damage to the hole openings of the rear row of blastholes after blasting, aggravated hole bottom deflection rate, increased rate of large ore blocks, and insufficient charge density after the hole depth exceeds 20m, resulting in a reduced blasting success rate. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to propose an ultra-deep medium-deep hole blasthole arrangement structure to solve the problems of large mining-cutting ratio and high mining cost when the existing medium-deep hole blasthole arrangement structure is applied to end ore body mining.
[0004] The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0005] The utility model proposes a blasthole arrangement structure for ultra-deep and medium-deep holes, comprising an ore body, wherein a stope is arranged along the direction of the ore vein, wherein the stope is divided into a plurality of sections, wherein each section is provided with a cutting tunnel and a medium-deep hole rock drilling tunnel, wherein the cutting tunnel is arranged at the end of the ore body; wherein the sections are provided with a plurality of rows of medium-deep hole blastholes along the direction of the rock drilling tunnel, wherein the blastholes are distributed in a fan shape, wherein the blastholes include side holes and middle holes, wherein the section height is not less than 20m, and the blastholes are drilled upward from the rock drilling tunnel of the section to the blasting section. The maximum depth of the blastholes is greater than 20m, the spacing between the adjacent hole mouths and walls of the blastholes in the same row is not less than 0.1m, the row spacing of the blastholes is set to 20-25 times the blasthole diameter, the blastholes in adjacent rows are mirror-imaged relative to the plane where the center line of the rock drilling roadway is located, each row of blastholes is arranged on the minimum angle line of the blasting boundary, the center lines connecting the bottoms of adjacent rows of blastholes are distributed in a zigzag pattern, the center distance between the bottoms of the blastholes is not greater than 40 times the blasthole diameter, and the blasting circles at the bottoms of the blastholes are distributed in a plum blossom shape;
[0006] Based on the above technical features, the hole wall spacing of the hole openings, the mirror image arrangement of adjacent rows of blastholes, the hole row spacing and the hole bottom center distance are controlled, and the line connecting the center of the blasthole bottom is made into a zigzag distribution. This effectively solves the problems of high hole opening density in ultra-deep and medium-deep holes, which easily lead to perforation, large interference between adjacent rows of blasting, and high rate of large blocks blasted at the bottom of the hole. The design of ultra-deep and medium-deep holes exceeding 20m is realized, and the fan-shaped ultra-deep and medium-deep holes are arranged across segments to effectively reduce the ore body mining and cutting ratio, increase the ore output ratio, and help reduce mining costs. It is especially suitable for ore mining of end ore bodies and small ore bodies in corners.
[0007] Furthermore, the edge of the side hole blasting of the upper segment or the edge of the goaf is translated 1m downward and set as the upper boundary line of the blasting boundary. The upper boundary line forms a first intersection with the mining field boundary, and the center line of the blasthole forms a second intersection in the rock drilling tunnel. The line connecting the first intersection and the second intersection constitutes the minimum angle line of the blasting boundary. This design is conducive to ensuring the effective blasting and operation safety of each segment, and is conducive to the blasthole design of the upper segment.
[0008] Furthermore, the horizontal angle of the side hole blasting edge or the goaf edge of the upper segment is set to 20°.
[0009] Furthermore, the angle between the side hole and the horizontal line of the rock drilling tunnel is not less than 50°.
[0010] Furthermore, a charge column section, a blocking section and an uncharged section are provided in the blasthole, the charge column section is filled with explosives, the blocking section is provided below the charge column section, the uncharged section is provided from the blocking section to the blasthole orifice, the length of the uncharged section is provided to be 20 to 50 times the blasthole diameter, and the spacing between charge column sections adjacent to the blasthole at the end of each blasthole charge column section is provided to be 30 to 50 times the blasthole diameter. This design solves the problem of over-crushing of ore and damage to the orifices of adjacent rows of blastholes caused by overlapping blasting energy at the orifice, and further weakens the influence of orifice perforation, which is conducive to the effective control of the hole bottom spacing through the design of the uncharged section at the orifice and the control of the spacing between adjacent charge columns at the orifice.
[0011] Furthermore, the lengths of the uncharged sections of adjacent blastholes are staggered, and the uncharged sections are distributed in multiple groups of arcs at the ends away from the hole mouth. The length of the uncharged section of the side hole is set to 20 times the hole diameter. This design can effectively avoid overlapping consumption of blasting energy at the hole mouth, while ensuring effective blasting of the ore body at the hole mouth.
[0012] Furthermore, the bottom of the blast hole is provided with an explosive warhead, which is assembled from a digital detonator and an emulsion explosive strip. This design can realize the bottom detonation of ultra-deep and medium-deep holes, which is beneficial to improving the blasting success rate of the blast hole.
[0013] Furthermore, a detonating cord is arranged in the blasthole, and the detonating cord is connected to the detonating warhead. This design can quickly transmit the explosion in the blasthole, enhance the blasting effect, and is conducive to solving the problem of low blasting success rate of ultra-deep and medium-deep holes due to excessive hole depth and insufficient charge density.
[0014] Furthermore, the charge column section is filled with continuously loaded emulsified granular ammonium nitrate oil explosive, and the granular explosive is more convenient for continuous filling and control of the charge column in ultra-deep and medium-deep holes, thereby reducing the difficulty of charging.
[0015] Furthermore, the three rows of blast holes are set as a group and detonated simultaneously in a micro-difference blasting manner. The blast holes in the same row are designed to have a detonation sequence in a V-shaped detonation manner of first the middle and then the sides, so as to reduce the overlap of the blasting circles of the simultaneously detonated blast holes and avoid over-crushing of the ore.
[0016] Beneficial effects
[0017] One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
[0018] By controlling the hole wall spacing of the hole mouth, mirroring the distribution of adjacent rows of blastholes, controlling the hole row spacing and the hole bottom center distance, and making the line connecting the center of the blasthole bottom into a zigzag distribution, setting an uncharged section at the hole mouth, and setting detonating cords and detonating warheads in the blastholes, the problems of explosive transmission stability and excessive hole mouth density in ultra-deep and medium-deep holes are solved, the design and effective blasting of blastholes larger than 20m are achieved, and then the upward cross-section construction of ultra-deep and medium-deep holes is achieved, which greatly reduces the mining and cutting ratio of small and medium-sized ore bodies and end ore bodies, keeps the loss and depletion rate at a normal level, speeds up the preparation cycle of mining rooms, and realizes safe, efficient and economical mining. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view of the end ore body of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the nth row of blast holes of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the n+1th row of blastholes of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overlapping distribution of two rows of blastholes in the present invention;
[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hole bottom distribution of the top view of the utility model;
[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the charging length of the mth row of blastholes of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the charging structure of a single blasthole of the present utility model;
[0027] In the figure: ore body 1; stope 2; first intersection point 21; second intersection point 22; upper boundary line 23; segment 3; rock drilling tunnel 4; blasthole 5; side hole 51; middle hole 52; charge column section 5a; blocking section 5b; uncharged section 5c; detonating warhead 5d; detonating cord 5e; first offset line 6; second offset line 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
[0029] The following specific implementation is as follows Figure 1The end ore body of a certain ore body shown is taken as an example for explanation, and the section with elevation of 115m to 145m is selected for specific explanation.
[0030] This embodiment provides a blasthole arrangement structure for ultra-deep and medium-deep holes, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes an ore body 1, and a stope 2 is arranged along the direction of the ore vein. The stope 2 is divided into multiple sections 3 with a height of 30m. Each section 3 is provided with a medium-deep hole rock drilling tunnel, and a cutting tunnel (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the end. Taking the section 3 with an elevation of 115m to 145m as an example, multiple rows of upward fan-shaped medium-deep hole blastholes 5 are directly arranged in the medium-deep hole rock drilling tunnel 4 at the level of 115m to the bottom at the level of 145m. The center lines of the fan-shaped medium-deep holes intersect in the medium-deep hole rock drilling tunnel 4 to form a second intersection 22, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the blasting boundary of each segment 3 is bounded by the 115m level, the two sides of the mining field 2 and the upper boundary line 23, wherein the upper boundary line 23 is set at 1m downward from the blasting edge of the side hole 51 of the upper segment 3 or the edge of the upper goaf, and the angle between the blasting edge of the side hole 51 of the upper segment 3 or the edge of the goaf and the 145m level is set to 20° to ensure the blasting safety of the 115m~145m segment 3; the upper boundary line 23 forms a first intersection 21 with the side of the mining field 2, and the line connecting the first intersection 21 and the second intersection 22 constitutes the minimum angle line 24 of the blasting boundary.
[0031] The blast holes 5 are drilled using conventional medium-long hole drilling equipment and φ76mm medium-long hole drill bits, and the resulting blast holes have a diameter of φ80mm. The bottom of each row of blast holes 5 is limited to the blasting boundary, forming multiple ultra-deep medium-long holes with a maximum depth of nearly 30m. Each row of blast holes 5 is divided into two side holes 51 and multiple middle holes 52. The angle between the side holes 51 and the horizontal line of the medium-long hole drilling tunnel 4 is set to 50°. The middle holes 52 are arranged between the two side holes 51, and the number of holes is determined according to the width of the mining area 2. During drilling, the distance between the walls of adjacent hole openings of the same row of blast holes 5 is controlled to be above 0.1m, that is, the center distance between the hole openings of adjacent blast holes 5 is not less than 0.18m. Each row of blast holes 5 is arranged with blast holes 5 on the minimum angle line 24 of the blasting boundary. Adjacent rows of blast holes 5 are mirror-imaged with the plane where the center line of the medium-long hole drilling tunnel 4 is located as the center to ensure the regularity of the blasting boundary. Figure 2 The following is the distribution diagram of the blastholes in the nth row: Figure 3 The figure shows the distribution of the blastholes in the n+1th row, as shown in Figure 4The figure shows the overlapping distribution diagram of the blast holes in the nth row and the n+1th row. The blast holes 5 in the nth row and the blast holes 5 in the n+1th row are arranged in a mirror image, which can also be called a reverse arrangement. The second middle hole 52 from the left of the blast holes 5 in the nth row is located on the minimum angle line 24 of the blasting boundary, and the second middle hole 52 from the right of the blast holes 5 in the n+1th row is located on the minimum angle line 24 of the blasting boundary.
[0032] The row spacing of the blast holes 5 is set to 20 to 25 times the blast hole diameter, the center lines of the bottoms of adjacent rows of blast holes 5 are distributed in a zigzag pattern, the center spacing of the bottoms of the blast holes 5 is not greater than 40 times the blast hole diameter, and the blasting circles at the bottoms of the blast holes 5 are distributed in a plum blossom shape, such as Figure 5 As shown, the row spacing of adjacent rows of blast holes 5 is set to 2.0m, the center distance of the bottom of the blast holes 5 in the same row is set to 2.87m, the center distance of the bottom of the blast holes 5 in adjacent rows is set to 2.46m, and the line connecting the centers of the bottom of the holes is distributed in a zigzag shape. The blasting circle at the bottom of the hole formed on the principle of blasting crushing circle radius rc = (20~25) charge column radius rb is distributed in a plum blossom shape.
[0033] The drilled blasthole 5 is filled with explosives, and the inner cavity of the blasthole 5 is divided into a charge column section 5a, a blocking section 5b and an uncharged section 5c. The charge column section 5a is continuously filled with emulsified granular ammonium nitrate explosive using a pneumatic charge device. The bottom of the charge column section 5a is blocked with gun mud to form a blocking section 5b. No explosives are filled from the blocking section 5b to the orifice of the blasthole 5, which is set as an uncharged section 5c. The length of the uncharged section 5c is set to 20 to 50 times the orifice of the blasthole, wherein the length of the uncharged section 5c of the side hole 51 is set to 20 times the orifice of the blasthole. The uncharged sections 5c of adjacent blastholes 5 are staggered in length, and the ends of the uncharged sections 5c away from the orifice are distributed in multiple groups of arcs. At the end of the charge column section 5a of each blasthole 5, the distance between the charge column section 5a adjacent to the blasthole 5 is set to 30 to 50 times the orifice of the blasthole. Specifically, the uncharged section 5c of each blasthole 5 The method for determining the length 5c is as follows: 20 times the borehole diameter length is set as the length of the uncharged section 5c of the side hole 51, the side hole 51 charge column section is offset parallel to the center by 20 times the borehole diameter length, and this position is set as the first offset line 6. The first offset line 6 intersects with the two middle holes 52 adjacent to the side hole 51 respectively, and the intersection point is used as the charge column section cut-off point of the middle hole 52 intersecting with the first offset line 6. The charge column section of the innermost middle hole 52 of the determined charge column section is further offset inward by 20 times the borehole diameter length, and this position is set as the second offset line 7. The second offset line 7 intersects with the remaining middle holes 52 adjacent to the middle hole 52 respectively, and the intersection point is used as the charge column section cut-off point of the middle hole 52 intersecting with the second offset line 7. The same analogy is repeated to obtain the charge column section cut-off points of all boreholes 5, thereby obtaining the length of the uncharged section 5c of each borehole 5. Figure 6As shown, the mth row includes 9 blastholes 5, wherein the length of the uncharged section 5c of the side holes 51 on both sides is set to 1.6m, and the charge section of each of the side holes 51 on both sides is offset inward by 1.6m to form a first offset line 6, and the length of the uncharged section 5c of the two middle holes 52 adjacent to the side hole 51 is determined by the intersection of the first offset line 6 and the center line of the blasthole 5, and the charge section of the second middle hole 52 from the left and the right is offset inward by 1.6m to form a second offset line 7. The second offset line 7 intersects with the three middle holes 52 at the center and determines the length of the uncharged sections 5c of the three middle holes 52 at the center, ultimately forming a structure in which the uncharged sections 5c of adjacent blastholes 5 are arranged in a staggered manner of length, and the distance between the charge sections 5a of adjacent blastholes 5 at the end of the charge section 5a of each middle hole 52 is between 2.4 and 4 meters. For example, at the end of the charge section 5a of the first middle hole 52 from the right, the distance between the charge section 5a of the side hole 51 and the second middle hole 52 from the right is 2.73 meters.
[0034] like Figure 7 As shown, the bottom of the blasthole 5 is provided with an explosive warhead 5d, which is assembled from a digital detonator and an emulsion explosive strip to achieve bottom detonation of ultra-deep and medium-deep holes; a detonating cord 5e is provided in the blasthole 5, and the detonating cord 5e is connected to the explosive warhead 5d to quickly and stably transmit explosion in the blasthole 5, detonate the low-density emulsified granular ammonium nitrate oil explosive at the bottom of the hole, and improve the success rate of blasting.
[0035] Furthermore, the three rows of blast holes 5 are set as a group and detonated simultaneously in a micro-difference blasting manner. The blast holes 5 in the same row are designed to have a detonation sequence in a V-shaped detonation manner of first the middle and then the sides, so as to reduce the overlap of the blasting circles of the simultaneously detonated blast holes 5 and avoid over-crushing of the ore.
[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
[0037] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A blasthole arrangement structure for ultra-deep and medium-deep holes, comprising an ore body, wherein a stope is arranged along the direction of a ore vein, wherein the stope is divided into multiple sections, each section having a cutting lane and a medium-deep hole drilling lane arranged therein, wherein the cutting lane is arranged at the end of the ore body; wherein the sections are arranged along the direction of the drilling lane with multiple rows of medium-deep hole blastholes, wherein the blastholes are arranged in a fan-shaped pattern and include side holes and middle holes, and wherein: The segmented height is not less than 20m, the blastholes are all drilled upward from the segmented drilling tunnel to the blasting boundary, the maximum depth of the blastholes is greater than 20m, the distance between the adjacent hole mouths and walls of the blastholes in the same row is not less than 0.1m, the blasthole row spacing is set to 20 to 25 times the blasthole diameter, the blastholes in adjacent rows are mirror-arranged relative to the plane where the center line of the drilling tunnel is located, each row of blastholes is arranged on the minimum angle line of the blasting boundary, the center lines of the bottom of adjacent rows of blastholes are distributed in a zigzag shape, the center distance between the bottom of the blastholes is not greater than 50 times the blasthole diameter, and the blasting circles at the bottom of the blastholes are distributed in a plum blossom shape.
2. The blasthole arrangement structure for ultra-deep and medium-deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge of the side hole blasting of the upper segment or the edge of the goaf is shifted 1m downward and set as the upper boundary line of the blasting boundary. The upper boundary line forms a first intersection with the mining field boundary, and the center line of the blasthole forms a second intersection in the medium-deep hole drilling tunnel. The line connecting the first intersection and the second intersection constitutes the minimum angle line of the blasting boundary.
3. The blasthole arrangement structure for ultra-deep and medium-deep holes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The horizontal angle of the side hole blasting edge or goaf edge of the upper segment is set to 20°.
4. The blasthole arrangement structure for ultra-deep and medium-deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the side hole and the horizontal line of the rock drilling tunnel is not less than 50°.
5. The blasthole arrangement structure for ultra-deep and medium-deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blast hole is provided with a charge column section, a blocking section and a non-charge section. The charge column section is filled with explosives. The blocking section is provided below the charge column section. The non-charge section is provided from the blocking section to the blast hole mouth. The length of the non-charge section is set to 20 to 50 times the diameter of the blast hole. At the end of the charge column section of each blast hole, the spacing between the charge column sections adjacent to the blast hole is set to 30 to 50 times the diameter of the blast hole.
6. The blasthole arrangement structure for ultra-deep and medium-deep holes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lengths of the uncharged sections of adjacent blast holes are staggered, and the ends of the uncharged sections away from the orifices are distributed in multiple groups of arcs. The length of the uncharged section of the side hole is set to 20 times the blast hole diameter.
7. The blasthole arrangement structure for ultra-deep and medium-deep holes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the blast hole is provided with an explosive warhead, which is assembled from a digital detonator and an emulsion explosive strip.
8. The blasthole arrangement structure for ultra-deep and medium-deep holes according to claim 7, characterized in that: A detonating cord is arranged in the blast hole and is connected to the detonating warhead.
9. The blasthole arrangement structure for ultra-deep and medium-deep holes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The powder column section is filled with continuously emulsified granular ammonium nitrate oil explosive.
10. The blasthole arrangement structure for ultra-deep and medium-deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three rows of blast holes are set as one group and detonated simultaneously in a micro-difference blasting manner. The blast holes in the same row are designed to have a detonation sequence in a V-shaped detonation manner of first the middle and then the sides.