Under-rail reinforced rubber base plate of multi-layer composite structure

Abstract

The utility model is suitable for the technical field of multi-layer composite product structures, and provides an under-rail reinforced rubber base plate of a multi-layer composite structure and application of the under-rail reinforced rubber base plate. A plurality of grooves which intersect in the inclined direction are formed in the pillow touching layer and the rail touching layer, the multiple upper grooves which intersect in the inclined direction jointly form network grooves, and the network grooves divide the pillow touching layer and the rail touching layer of the base plate into a plurality of shoulder pads. Therefore, the reinforced under-rail base plate can enable stress to be uniformly dispersed, fatigue recovery is more than two times faster than that of an existing base plate, the rhombic groove channels of the base plate are opened, and the ventilation, cooling and drainage speed is high. And meanwhile, the rhombic shoulder pad of the base plate can effectively restrain sliding abrasion and tearing caused by impact stretching of the base plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of multi-layer composite product structures and provides a rail-under-rail reinforced rubber pad with a multi-layer composite structure. Background Art

[0002] Railroad rubber pads are essential components for railway lines. Their primary function is to provide elastic cushioning and shock absorption. They minimize damage to railroad sleepers and track sanding caused by the powerful impacts of trains during operation, ensuring stable track quality, safe train operation, and a comfortable ride for passengers.

[0003] In recent years, train derailment accidents have occurred frequently in some major countries, with dozens of accidents each year, causing heavy losses. The cause is closely related to the rail pads used in railway lines.

[0004] At present, the rail rubber pads used in my country's railway lines, whether they are straight lines with a curve radius (R)>600M or slope lines with a curve radius (R)≤600M, (R)≤350M, or (R)≤250M, are almost all rectangular shoulder pads with the same thickness on both sides (10+0.5). If this type of rectangular shoulder pad with the same thickness on both sides meets the technical indicators (Q / CR-564) and is used for straight lines with a curve radius (R)>600M, its service life can still be maintained for about 2 to 2.5 years. However, this type of pad has a serious and helpless defect. Since this type of pad (60-10-185) has many grooves on both sides (17 grooves), the side shoulder width is only 7 to 9m, the area is small, and the bearing pressure is small, so the pad is distorted. See the attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2The deformation states of the existing pads in the two states before and after being subjected to pressure are shown in Figure 2. The rail pads are subjected to constant pressure from the sleeper fasteners. The heavy pressure and impact of the passing trains cause tensile creep and damage to the rubber pads. If these rectangular shoulder pads of uniform thickness are installed on a slope with a radius of R ≤ 350m, or even R ≤ 250m, the track profile will be higher on the outside (upper rail) and lower on the inside (lower rail) (with a 120mm difference between the upper and lower rails). The train load will inevitably cause offset and eccentric pressure. Furthermore, the smaller the curve radius (R) and the slower the train speed, the greater the offset. This will cause eccentric pressure and wear on the sleepers, rubber pads, and even the wheels. Even more serious is the fact that the coarse sand sprayed between the wheel and rail to prevent the train from slipping on the slope can vibrate and enter the gaps between the sleeper rubber pads and become lodged there. This is similar to adding abrasives and tearing agents, which accelerates wear and tear on the rubber pads. Practice and research have shown that the fundamental reason for the damage and short service life of rail rubber pads is that the rubber pads have too low tensile (stretching) tear strength. This cannot meet the strong impact, stretching, and tearing requirements of train operation. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the tensile (stretching) tear strength of the rubber pads and improve their structure. Utility Model Content

[0005] In response to the above-mentioned defects, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a reinforced rubber pad under the rail with a multi-layer composite structure, in order to solve the problems raised in the background technology. A reinforced rubber pad under the rail with a multi-layer composite structure includes a pad composed of several layers of rubber material layers and several layers of fiber material layers. A pillow layer and a track layer are respectively provided on both sides of the pad. Both the pillow layer and the track layer are made of rubber material. Both the pillow layer and the track layer are arranged with several obliquely intersecting grooves. The several obliquely intersecting grooves together constitute a network groove. The network groove divides the pillow layer and the track layer of the pad into several pad shoulders.

[0006] Furthermore, the shoulder pads are rhombus-shaped, and the rhombus-shaped shoulder pads form a rhombus-shaped network shoulder pad.

[0007] Furthermore, the track layer is provided with shoulders at both ends along the width direction.

[0008] Furthermore, two sets of diagonal lines on the top surface of each diamond network shoulder pad are used as diagonal lines, one of which is parallel or perpendicular to the length direction of the pad, and the other is parallel or perpendicular to the width direction of the pad.

[0009] Furthermore, the orthographic projection of the network grooves on the pillow layer on the track layer does not overlap with the network grooves on the track layer, and the network grooves on the pillow layer and the network grooves on the track layer are arranged in a cross manner.

[0010] Furthermore, the point where the grooves on the pillow layer intersect in pairs is point O1; the midpoint of the diamond network shoulder pad on the track layer is point O2, and then O1 and O2 overlap.

[0011] Furthermore, one or more series connection parts are arranged on the touch pillow layer and / or the touch track layer, and the series connection parts are arranged between two adjacent shoulder pads along the length and / or width direction of the pad.

[0012] Furthermore, the thin layer of fiber material is a fiber cloth.

[0013] Furthermore, the pad is made of several layers of fiber cloth and several layers of rubber material thin layers through hot pressing and bonding.

[0014] An application of a multi-layer composite structure under-rail reinforced rubber pad, based on the above-mentioned multi-layer composite structure under-rail reinforced rubber pad, is characterized in that the pad is used under the rail of a rail transit line.

[0015] Therefore, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. Compared with the existing parallel grooves, the diamond-shaped shoulder pads divided by the network-distributed grooves can make the pad force more balanced, further disperse the stress, make the stress uniform, and improve the degree of compression deformation of the pad; make the pad drainage, ventilation, and cooling more smooth, and the elastic recovery faster.

[0017] 2. The diamond-shaped shoulder pads that cross each other can further achieve the anti-climbing and anti-stretching properties. While ensuring that the groove can be ventilated and water-permeable, the elastic recovery ability of the pad is also enhanced.

[0018] 3. Compared with the existing pads (60-10-185), the area is smaller and the arrangement is more uniform, which avoids the problems of narrow side shoulders (7-9m), wide middle shoulder (12m), uneven force on the pads, and serious compression deformation (especially the side shoulders of the pads are compressed, widened and thickened), which lead to easy loosening of sleeper fasteners, difficulty in maintaining constant track gauge, fast displacement speed, reduced line quality, rapid deterioration, and unpredictable train running safety risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an existing pad under normal conditions;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the existing pad under compression deformation;

[0021] Figure 3 This is the internal cross-sectional view of the pad;

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the top structure of the pad;

[0023] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the pad;

[0024] Figure 6 It is the side view of the pad;

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 4 and Figure 5 A magnified view of the E1 / E2 structure;

[0026] Figure 8 The groove grid diagram of the front and back sides of the pad.

[0027] In the figure: 1- rubber layer; 2- fiber layer; 3- diamond network shoulder pad; 4- network groove; 5- series part; 6- side shoulder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0029] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, “multiple” means two or more; the terms “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “inside”, “outside”, “front end”, “rear end”, “head”, “tail”, etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0030] At the same time, in the description of this utility model, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can mean fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] See also Figures 1-8The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer composite reinforced rubber pad under the rail. The multi-layer composite reinforced rubber pad under the rail includes a rubber material layer and a fiber material layer. Both the rubber material and the fiber material form a layered structure, that is, the pad of the present invention is composed of a composite of multiple layers of rubber material thin layers and multiple layers of fiber material thin layers. The fiber material uses short fiber material, and the fiber material thin layer uses fiber cloth woven from fibers. A special glue is used to heat-press and bond several layers of fiber cloth and several layers of rubber at 65-70°C through a cooling-linked integrated machine to form a multi-layer composite layered structure of reinforced rubber. The multiple layers of fiber cloth and several layers of rubber are stacked and laid, and the multi-dimensional structure of the polymer is multiplied by stacking first and then hot-pressing. The tensile and tear resistance of the polymer (rail pad) is greatly improved.

[0033] Fiber welt fabrics are made of nylon 66 and polyester. During heat pressing, the warp and weft network structure of the fibers solidifies. Two or more polymer macromolecular chains with different structures and properties diffuse under heat and pressure, forming a multi-phase, multi-interface, longitudinal and transverse (warp and weft) reinforced composite. This disperses, blunts, deflects, and blocks crack stress transmission, enhancing the tensile (stretching) and tear strength of the polymer in both the warp and weft directions.

[0034] Table 1 is a comparison table of the main physical properties of the existing rubber rail pad material and the pad rubber material produced by hot-pressing and bonding fiber cloth and rubber to reinforce the rubber in this solution.

[0035] Table 1

[0036]

[0037] Table 2 is a comparison of the main physical properties of the existing vulcanized rubber rail pad material and the rubber pad material produced by hot-pressing fiber cloth and rubber to reinforce the rubber in this solution:

[0038] Table 2

[0039]

[0040] Calculation of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement force of equal / non-equal thickness pads by laminating fiber and rubber reinforced adhesive with hot pressing:

[0041] N=B / C*G*H (1)

[0042] Among them, L is the length direction of the pad (warp of the sub-mouth cloth), unit is mm; B is the transverse direction of the pad (weft of the sub-mouth cloth), unit is mm; C is the warp and weft distance of the sub-mouth cloth, 1.5mm / root; G is the warp and weft force value (N) of the sub-mouth cloth / root; H is the glued sub-mouth cloth layer.

[0043] Table 3 is the calculation table of the warp and weft force values of the sub-cloth.

[0044] Table 3

[0045]

[0046] Among them, the warp and weft of the glued cloth are based on the actual values obtained by testing according to GB / T528(I) samples.

[0047] The overlay of fiber-coated rubber and hot-pressed reinforced rubber layers has a direct and significant impact on the physical properties of the uniform / unequal thickness underrail pads: fewer layers result in poor reinforcement, while more layers lead to excessive pad properties, increasing manufacturing costs and wasting resources. Therefore, a reasonable pad layer design is essential.

[0048] Table 4 is a comparison table for the best selection of pad layer.

[0049] Table 4

[0050] Pad type and specifications Sub-mouth cloth laying Applicable line curve radius (R) 60-10-185(II) 3～4 R≥600M 50-5-185(B)134 1～2 R≥600M 60-101、Ⅲb 4～5 R≥600M 60-12-185Ⅲ 4～5 Rail joints 60-10R-185 4.5～5.5 R≤600M 60-10R-185 5.5～6.5 R≤350M, R≤250M 60-10-185 5～6 R>600M 60-10R-185 6.5～7.5 R≤350M

[0051] Among them, the fibers in the strop cloth use short fiber fabrics, such as seaweed fiber, nylon 66 or polyester. The short fiber strop cloth made of seaweed fiber and other materials can have strong tear resistance and flame retardant properties; at the same time, the warp and weft density of the strop cloth is 61 to 63 pieces / 100mm; the thickness of the strop cloth fabric is 0.46 to 0.72mm; the warp and weft thickness of the strop cloth is 0.50 to 0.70mm.

[0052] Rubber compound formula table The rubber compound formula, mass percentage and feeding order of the fiber cloth and rubber hot-pressed bonded reinforced rail pad are shown in Table 5 below.

[0053] Table 5

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] The process flow of plastic mixing of rubber materials using an internal mixer is shown in Table 6 below.

[0057] Table 6

[0058]

[0059] Use the glue pressing and cooling line to hot press the fiber cloth and rubber at 65℃~70℃. The bonding process is as follows:

[0060] S1. After the rubber mix is parked and cooled, it is cooked, heated, plasticized, and hardened on an open mill at 45°C to 50°C, and then immediately transferred to a rubber press;

[0061] S2. After the rubber sheet is rolled off, cool it with cold air for more than 4 hours and then proceed to the next process;

[0062] S3, the sheet rubber is transferred to the pad blank preparation machine, and the CNC system automatically cuts it according to the required layer, length and width dimensions, and then transferred to the vulcanization workshop for vulcanization;

[0063] S4. When the backing plate is vulcanized, the vulcanization time is set according to the time and temperature measured by the rotorless vulcanizer. The temperature is based on the mold cavity temperature and the pressure is maintained at 15-16 rmpa.

[0064] S5. Trim the edges of the pads, perform physical property testing, and then pack and store them in the warehouse.

[0065] Among them, the technical conditions for hot pressing of fiber cloth and rubber are as follows:

[0066] 1. Use four-roll rubber calendering and cooling machine, roller temperature 65℃~70℃ glue casting hot pressing bonding;

[0067] 2. Before calendering the rubber and the cloth, they need to be tempered on the open mill to reduce viscosity and increase plasticity. The rubber tempering temperature is set to 50℃±3℃;

[0068] 3. The thickness of the fiber cloth and rubber hot pressing bonding can be set to 1.3-2.0mm as needed, and can be increased or decreased according to the physical properties of the pad;

[0069] 4. The fiber cloth and rubber are hot pressed to bond the film, and the rolling temperature is ≤30℃.

[0070] The multi-layer composite structure of the rail reinforced rubber pad is used under the rail of the rail transit line.

[0071] See also Figure 4-Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-layer composite structure of the rail reinforced rubber pad, where Figure 4 This is a top view of the pad, i.e. a schematic diagram of the structure of the pillow layer. Figure 5 This is a top view of the pad, i.e., a schematic diagram of the track layer structure. The multi-layer composite structure of the reinforced rubber pad under the rail is provided with a plurality of diagonally intersecting grooves on both the contact pillow layer and the track layer. These diagonally intersecting grooves together form a network groove 4. The network groove 4 divides the contact pillow layer and the track layer of the pad into a plurality of square shoulder pads. As an optimal solution, the shoulder pads are changed to diamond-shaped, i.e., the network groove 4 divides the contact pillow layer and the track layer of the pad into a plurality of evenly spaced diamond-shaped network shoulder pads 3; and the track layer is provided with side shoulders 6 at both ends along the width direction. Specifically, in this embodiment, two sets of diagonal lines on the top surface of each diamond-shaped network shoulder pad 3 are used as diagonal lines, one of which is parallel or perpendicular to the length direction of the pad, and the other is parallel or perpendicular to the width direction of the pad.

[0072] In the prior art, the grooves on the existing pads are rectangular parallel grooves, that is, several grooves are parallel to the length direction of the pad and are evenly arranged along the width direction of the pad; and compared with the existing parallel grooves, the network grooves 4 of the present technical solution are diamond-shaped shoulder pads divided by the network-distributed grooves, which can make the pad more balanced in force, further disperse the stress, make the stress uniform, and improve the degree of compression deformation of the pad; make the pad drainage, ventilation, and cooling more smooth, and the elastic recovery faster.

[0073] Furthermore, the network of grooves 4 on the pillow layer and the network of grooves 4 on the track layer are arranged in a cross pattern. Specifically, the intersection of the network grooves 4 on the pillow layer is defined as point O1, while the midpoint of the diamond-shaped network shoulder pads 3 on the track layer is point O2, so that O1 and O2 overlap. In other words, the orthographic projection of the network grooves 4 on the pillow layer on the track layer does not overlap with the network grooves 4 on the track layer, forming a uniformly spaced cross-groove network. This arrangement further enhances the overall impact resistance of the base plate. The intersecting diamond-shaped shoulder pads further enhance anti-climbing and anti-stretching properties. While ensuring that the grooves can be ventilated and water-permeable, the base plate's elastic recovery capability is also enhanced.

[0074] For further information, see Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 A series connection 5 is arranged between adjacent diamond-shaped network shoulder pads 3 on the pillow layer and the track layer. This connection 5 can be arranged between two adjacent diamond-shaped network shoulder pads 3 along the length or width of the backing plate, and multiple connection 5 sections can be provided on each of the pillow and track layers. In a preferred embodiment, on the pillow layer, the series connection 5 is arranged between two adjacent diamond-shaped network shoulder pads 3 along the length of the backing plate; on the track layer, the series connection 5 is arranged between both two adjacent diamond-shaped network shoulder pads 3 along the length of the backing plate and two adjacent diamond-shaped network shoulder pads 3 along the width of the backing plate.

[0075] More specifically, the contact pad layer is provided with a plurality of series connection portions 5, arranged as follows: three series connection portions 5 are located along the centerline of the contact track layer along the length of the pad, and four are located at each end of the pad near the centerline. A total of 12 series connection portions 5 are provided on the contact track layer, arranged as follows: four series connection portions 5 are located along the centerline of the contact track layer along the length of the pad, three are located at each end of the pad near the centerline, and two are located perpendicularly on either side of the pad away from the centerline.

[0076] This arrangement maximizes the strength of the pad while maintaining the ventilation and drainage properties provided by the grooves. The placement and number of the series sections 5 can be tailored to the train load, grade, and curve radius of the line to balance the pad's performance with the train parameters.

[0077] The special structure of the rail pad, including the diamond-shaped network shoulder pad 3 and the network groove 4, is applicable not only to rail pads made of fiber-strip fabric and rubber heat-pressed together, but also to rubber pads with other non-fiber-strip fabric and rubber structures, and to rail pads of equal or unequal thickness. Its improvement in the pad's elastic recovery, stress dispersion, distortion resistance, and impact resistance are entirely dependent on the structural layout. It can be applied under rails and at switches, and its specific application scenario depends on the curve radius of the line, the axle load of the train, and other conditions.

[0078] The above-mentioned design of the diamond shoulder pad of the pad plate is smaller in area and more evenly arranged than the existing pad plate (60-10-185). It avoids the problems of the existing pad plate with narrow side shoulders (7-9m), wide middle shoulder pad (12m), uneven stress on the pad plate, and severe compression deformation (especially the pad plate side shoulders being compressed, widened and thickened), which lead to easy loosening of sleeper fasteners, difficulty in maintaining a constant track gauge, rapid displacement speed, reduced line quality, rapid deterioration, and unpredictable train running safety risks. The diamond shoulder pad of the pad plate has stress evacuation and fatigue recovery more than twice as fast as the existing pad plate, and the diamond groove channel of the pad plate is open, which has fast ventilation, cooling and drainage speed. The diamond shoulder pad of the pad plate can effectively suppress the sliding wear and tear caused by the impact stretching of the pad plate.

[0079] Of course, the present invention may have many other embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, technicians familiar with the field may make various corresponding changes and deformations based on the present invention, but these corresponding changes and deformations should all fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layer composite structure under-rail reinforced rubber pad, characterized in that: The invention comprises a pad composed of a plurality of rubber material layers and a plurality of fiber material layers, wherein a pillow layer and a track layer are respectively provided on both sides of the pad, wherein the pillow layer and the track layer are both made of rubber material, and the pillow layer and the track layer are both provided with a plurality of obliquely intersecting grooves, wherein the plurality of obliquely intersecting grooves together form a network groove (4), and the network groove (4) separates the pillow layer and the track layer of the pad into a plurality of pads.

2. The multi-layer composite structure under-rail reinforced rubber pad according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shoulder pads are rhombus-shaped, and the rhombus-shaped shoulder pads form a rhombus-shaped network shoulder pad (3).

3. The multi-layer composite structure under-rail reinforced rubber pad according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the track layer along the width direction are provided with side shoulders (6).

4. The multi-layer composite structure under-rail reinforced rubber pad according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two groups of diagonal lines on the top surface of each rhombus network shoulder pad (3) are used as diagonal lines, one of which is parallel or perpendicular to the length direction of the pad, and the other is parallel or perpendicular to the width direction of the pad.

5. The multi-layer composite structure under-rail reinforced rubber pad according to claim 2, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the network grooves (4) on the touch pillow layer on the touch track layer does not overlap with the network grooves (4) on the touch track layer, and the network grooves (4) on the touch pillow layer and the network grooves (4) on the touch track layer are arranged in a cross manner.

6. The multi-layer composite structure under-rail reinforced rubber pad according to claim 5, characterized in that: The point where the grooves on the pillow layer intersect each other is point O1; the midpoint of the diamond network shoulder pad (3) on the track layer is point O2, and O1 and O2 overlap.

7. The multi-layer composite structure under-rail reinforced rubber pad according to claim 1, characterized in that: One or more series connection parts (5) are arranged on the touch pillow layer and / or the touch track layer, and the series connection parts (5) are arranged between two adjacent pad shoulders along the length and / or width direction of the pad.

8. The multi-layer composite rail reinforced rubber pad according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The thin layer of fiber material is a fiber cloth.

9. The multi-layer composite structure under-rail reinforced rubber pad according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pad is made of several layers of fiber cloth and several layers of rubber material thin layers through hot pressing and bonding.

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