Tension pneumothorax model for teaching

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical models, and discloses a tension pneumothorax model for teaching, which comprises a closed container, an elastic air bag and a flexible water bag, the container wall of the closed container is transparent, both the elastic air bag and the flexible water bag are hung in the closed container, the elastic air bag is communicated with an air pipe, the other end of the air pipe extends out of the closed container, and the flexible water bag is connected with the closed container. The flexible water bag is arranged in the closed container and connected with a lung injector, the flexible water bag is communicated with a transparent tube, an air inlet is formed in the container wall of the closed container, and a pneumothorax one-way valve used for inflating air into the closed container is arranged in the air inlet; the objective of the utility model is to solve the problem that an existing teaching model for simulating tension pneumothorax cannot display adverse effects of tension pneumothorax on a circulation function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of medical models, in particular to a tension pneumothorax model for teaching. Background Art

[0002] Tension pneumothorax, a serious complication of chest injury, occurs when a one-way valve forms within the pleural cavity due to some cause (such as ruptured bullae or penetrating chest wall injury), preventing air from entering the cavity but not exiting. This leads to a continuous increase in pleural pressure, compressing the lungs and major heart vessels, and in severe cases, can be life-threatening. The pathological changes of tension pneumothorax are complex and urgent, directly affecting the patient's respiratory function and causing clinical symptoms such as dyspnea and cyanosis. Furthermore, the resulting high intrathoracic pressure significantly affects cardiac ejection and peripheral blood circulation, causing circulatory disorders and even shock.

[0003] In the field of education, it is crucial for students to gain a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of tension pneumothorax and its threat to patient safety. However, in traditional teaching models, students' understanding of tension pneumothorax often remains at a theoretical level, lacking opportunities for intuitive experience and practical application. While off-campus internships can provide opportunities for exposure to real cases, they are limited by internship time and the random nature of case presentations. Students may not personally experience the emergency treatment of tension pneumothorax, resulting in a lack of a deep understanding of its progression and severity.

[0004] In order to make up for this teaching defect, a variety of teaching and training models that simulate tension pneumothorax have appeared on the market. For example, the Chinese patent "A Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax Teaching Model" with the authorization publication number CN 216871457 U discloses a teaching model including a transparent chest, a closed pleural cavity and an inflatable elastic lung sac, which are nested in sequence, and the closed pleural cavity and the inflatable elastic lung sac are respectively connected to the trachea. This model can simulate the changes in intrathoracic pressure when pneumothorax occurs, but it cannot show the impact of tension pneumothorax on circulatory function. This makes it difficult for students to intuitively understand how increased intrathoracic pressure affects complex physiological processes such as cardiac ejection, venous return and peripheral blood circulation, which limits their comprehensive and in-depth understanding of tension pneumothorax. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model aims to provide a tension pneumothorax model for teaching, so as to solve the problem that the existing teaching models simulating tension pneumothorax cannot demonstrate the adverse effects of tension pneumothorax on circulatory function.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solution: a teaching tension pneumothorax model, comprising a closed container, an elastic air bag and a flexible water bag, the container wall of the closed container being transparent, the elastic air bag and the flexible water bag being both suspended in the closed container, the elastic air bag being connected to a trachea, the other end of the trachea extending outside the closed container and being connected to a lung injector, the flexible water bag being connected to a transparent tube, an air inlet being provided on the container wall of the closed container, and a pneumothorax one-way valve being provided in the air inlet for supplying gas to fill the closed container.

[0007] The principles and advantages of this design are as follows: the sealed container simulates the human pleural cavity, a closed space used to contain gas and simulate pressure changes within the pleural cavity. The transparent design of the container wall allows students to visually observe internal changes; the elastic air bag, suspended within the sealed container, simulates the human lungs. Through the externally connected lung bolus, it can simulate the expansion (the lung bolus pushes gas in) and contraction (the lung bolus withdraws gas) of the lungs during breathing; the flexible water bag and transparent tube system simulate the human peripheral blood circulation system. The liquid in the water bag represents blood, and the transparent tube simulates blood vessels. When the pressure in the sealed container increases, the water in the water bag is forced into the transparent tube, simulating the obstruction of venous return; the air inlet simulates a rupture in the pleural cavity, and the pneumothorax one-way valve ensures that gas can only enter the sealed container in one direction and cannot flow out in the opposite direction, thus simulating the pathological state of tension pneumothorax, where gas can only enter but not exit.

[0008] Through the dynamic changes of the transparent container and its internal components, students can visually observe the changes in intrathoracic pressure during tension pneumothorax and its impact on respiratory function and the circulatory system. In particular, the use of the flexible water bag and transparent tube system allows students to clearly observe the phenomenon of venous return obstruction, thereby gaining a deeper understanding of the impact of tension pneumothorax on circulatory function. By simulating the actual human structure and physiological reactions, this model allows students to experience the urgency and severity of tension pneumothorax in an immersive way during the learning process, enhancing learning outcomes.

[0009] The design of the lung injector and pneumothorax check valve makes the model easy and convenient to operate. The transparency of the container wall also allows students to observe internal changes, improving learning efficiency. This model is not only suitable for teaching and experiments in medical schools, but can also serve as a teaching aid in first aid training, medical skills training, and other settings, helping students and medical staff better understand the diagnosis and treatment of tension pneumothorax. Through practical operation and intuitive observation, students can gain a deeper understanding of tension pneumothorax and increase their interest and enthusiasm in learning.

[0010] As an improvement, an air outlet is provided on the container wall of the sealed container, and a sealing plug is detachably installed outside the air outlet.

[0011] The beneficial effect of this improvement is that when simulating tension pneumothorax, the pressure within the sealed container continues to rise, simulating the progression of the disease. At this point, removing the sealing plug to release the gas within the sealed container simulates the emergency treatment of thoracentesis and aspiration for patients with tension pneumothorax. This operation allows students to intuitively understand the important role of thoracentesis and aspiration in reducing intrathoracic pressure and alleviating symptoms.

[0012] As the gas in the sealed container is released, the pressure gradually returns to normal, allowing the elastic airbag to expand and contract normally, simulating the gradual recovery of the patient's lung function. This helps students understand how timely treatment for tension pneumothorax can improve a patient's respiratory function and overall condition. The removable sealing plug allows the gas in the sealed container to be easily discharged and refilled, allowing the model to be recycled.

[0013] As an improvement, the flexible water bag is filled with gas and liquid, and the two ends of the transparent tube are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the flexible water bag. The transparent tube connected to the flexible water bag passes through the sealed container at the upper and lower ends and is placed outside. Two liquid one-way valves with the same communication direction are provided in the pipe section of the transparent tube located outside, and a circulating injector for driving the one-way flow of liquid in the transparent tube is provided between the liquid one-way valves.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this improvement are: by filling the flexible water bag with gas and liquid at the same time, the gas will always be above the liquid due to the effect of density, so that the flow trend of the liquid in the transparent tube can be better observed; the liquid in the transparent tube can flow in one direction driven by the circulating syringe, simulating the blood in the veins being pumped back to the heart by the beating of the heart; when simulating tension pneumothorax, the flexible water bag is deformed by the pressure in the closed container, and the space in the flexible water bag that can accommodate gas is reduced. At this time, even if an attempt is made to drive the liquid flow by pulling through the circulating syringe, due to the contraction of the flexible water bag and the limitation of the liquid one-way valve, the flow of liquid will not be realized to simulate the phenomenon of venous return obstruction.

[0015] As an improvement, the liquid one-way valve near the upper end of the flexible water bag is a first liquid one-way valve, and the liquid one-way valve near the lower end of the flexible water bag is a second liquid one-way valve. The flow direction of the first liquid one-way valve is from the transparent tube to the flexible water bag, and the flow direction of the second liquid one-way valve is from the flexible water bag to the transparent tube; the liquid in the flexible water bag is a colored liquid.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this improvement are: the first liquid one-way valve simulates the vein returning to the heart from the periphery, and the second liquid one-way valve simulates the artery output from the heart; the colored liquid can be red, making the flow of liquid in the transparent tube easier to observe, and at the same time, simulating the flow of blood.

[0017] As an improvement, there are two elastic airbags, the trachea is a Y-shaped three-way tube, the two ports of the Y-shaped three-way tube are connected to the two elastic airbags, and the other port of the Y-shaped three-way tube is connected to the lung injector, and the flexible water bag is located between the two elastic airbags.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this improvement are: the two elastic airbags simulate the left and right lungs of the human body, respectively, making the model's structure closer to real physiology. A flexible water bladder, located between the two elastic airbags, simulates the circulatory system within the chest cavity (such as the heart and great blood vessels). When simulating a tension pneumothorax, as the two elastic airbags shrink under pressure, the flexible water bladder is also squeezed and deformed by the air pressure, thus simulating the compression of the circulatory system by increased intrathoracic pressure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0021] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: closed container 1, elastic air bag 2, flexible water bag 3, transparent tube 4, Y-shaped three-way tube 5, lung injector 6, air inlet 7, first liquid one-way valve 8, second liquid one-way valve 9 and circulation injector 10.

[0022] Example

[0023] Basically as attached Figure 1 As shown, a tension pneumothorax model for teaching includes a sealed container 1, an elastic air bag 2, a flexible water bag 3, a transparent tube 4 and a Y-shaped three-way tube 5;

[0024] The sealed container 1 is a transparent, enclosed shell with a hollow interior. An air inlet 7 and an air outlet are provided on the wall of the sealed container 1. A pneumothorax check valve is installed within the air inlet 7. The outer wall of the pneumothorax check valve is tightly connected to the inner wall of the air inlet 7, ensuring that gas can only enter the sealed container 1 through the pneumothorax check valve. A removable sealing plug is provided at the air outlet to simulate thoracentesis and aspiration. The sealed container 1 can be made of transparent glass or acrylic to ensure pressure resistance and transparency. A pneumothorax bolus is installed at the air inlet 7, which inflates the sealed container 1.

[0025] There are two elastic airbags 2, which respectively simulate the left lung and right lung of the human body; the two elastic airbags 2 are suspended in the closed container 1 through a Y-shaped three-way pipe 5, and the two branch pipe openings of the Y-shaped three-way pipe 5 are respectively connected to the two elastic airbags 2. The other branch of the Y-shaped three-way pipe 5 is the central end, and the end pipe opening passes through the container wall of the closed container 1 and is connected to a lung injector 6 outside the closed container 1. Because the three branch pipe openings of the Y-shaped three-way pipe 5 are connected, gas can be injected or extracted into the elastic airbag 2 through the lung injector 6 to simulate the expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing. The Y-shaped three-way pipe 5 is fixedly connected to the closed container 1 at the penetration point, so that the two elastic airbags 2 can remain in a suspended state. The material of the elastic airbag 2 can be selected from soft and deformable silicone or rubber.

[0026] The flexible water bag 3 simulates the circulatory system in the chest cavity, especially the part related to venous return. The flexible water bag 3 is filled with gas and liquid. The liquid can be a colored liquid for easy observation. In this embodiment, red liquid is used to better simulate blood flow. The upper and lower ends of the flexible water bag 3 are respectively connected to the two ends of the transparent tube 4. The transparent tube 4 connected to the flexible water bag 3 passes through the sealed container 1 at the upper and lower ends and is placed outside. The flexible water bag 3 is suspended in the sealed container 1 through the transparent tube 4, and the flexible water bag 3 is located between the two elastic air bags 2.

[0027] The transparent tube 4 is connected to the flexible water bag 3 and fixedly bonded to ensure that the connection is tight and not easy to leak. The transparent tube 4 is fixedly connected to the sealed container 1 at the penetration point to form a sealed but non-obstructive channel for water circulation.

[0028] The section of transparent tube 4 facing the outside world is equipped with two one-way valves with the same connection direction. A circulating injector 10 is installed between the one-way valves. The pumping of circulating injector 10 ensures the one-way flow of the red liquid in transparent tube 4. The liquid in flexible water bladder 3 flows into transparent tube 4 from the lower port and then back into flexible water bladder 3 from the upper end. This simulates normal venous blood return to the heart.

[0029] Under normal circumstances, when the lung injector 6 is used to inject gas into the elastic airbag 2, the airbag expands, simulating the inhalation process; conversely, when gas is extracted, the exhalation process is simulated. Students can intuitively experience the breathing movement by observing the expansion and contraction of the elastic airbag 2.

[0030] The liquid one-way valve close to the upper end of the flexible water bladder 3 is a first liquid one-way valve 8, and the liquid one-way valve close to the lower end of the flexible water bladder 3 is a second liquid one-way valve 9. The gas in the flexible water bladder 3 is located in the area between the upper part of the flexible water bladder 3 and the first liquid one-way valve 8 in the transparent tube 4.

[0031] When the circulating injector 10 extracts liquid, the liquid between the first liquid one-way valve 8 and the second liquid one-way valve 9 in the transparent tube will enter the circulating injector 10. As the liquid is extracted, the pressure decreases. At this time, the liquid between the lower part of the flexible water bag 3 and the second liquid one-way valve 9 will flow through the second liquid one-way valve 9 to between the first liquid one-way valve 8 and the second liquid one-way valve 9; then as the circulating injector 10 pushes, the liquid therein will return to between the first liquid one-way valve 8 and the second liquid one-way valve 9. As the liquid between the first liquid one-way valve 8 and the second liquid one-way valve 9 increases and the pressure increases, the liquid between the first liquid one-way valve 8 and the second liquid one-way valve 9 will flow through the first liquid one-way valve 8 to the area between the upper part of the flexible water bag 3 and the first liquid one-way valve 8 in the transparent tube 4.

[0032] In the case of a tension pneumothorax, gas is injected into the sealed container 1 through the air inlet 7, simulating the continuous inflow of gas after a pleural rupture. The pneumothorax one-way valve ensures that gas can only enter the container through the air inlet 7 and cannot escape. As the air pressure rises, the elastic balloon 2 is compressed and shrinks. At this time, no matter how the lung bolus 6 is pumped and inflated, the elastic balloon 2 cannot expand to its normal size, simulating lung compression.

[0033] The flexible water bladder 3 is deformed by the pressure within the sealed container 1, shrinking the space between the upper portion of the flexible water bladder 3 and the first liquid one-way valve 8 within the transparent tube 4 that can accommodate gas. At this point, even if one attempts to drive liquid flow by drawing the circulating syringe, the flow of liquid will be hindered or become insignificant due to the contraction of the flexible water bladder and the restriction of the liquid one-way valve. In particular, if the circulating syringe attempts to inject liquid into a space that has been compressed by the flexible water bladder, and this space is blocked by the one-way valve to prevent backflow, then the flow of liquid will be impossible, simulating the phenomenon of obstructed venous return. This process vividly demonstrates the pathological changes of tension pneumothorax and its impact on circulatory function.

[0034] To simulate the treatment process, the sealing plug at the air outlet can be removed to release the gas within sealed container 1. As the air pressure drops, elastic airbag 2 gradually returns to its inflated state, its expansion and contraction controlled by pulmonary injector 6. Flexible water bladder 3 also returns to its normal shape, and the gas pressure within bladder 3 returns to normal. At this point, pulling and pulling the circulating one-way valve will allow the liquid in the transparent tube to circulate smoothly, simulating unimpeded venous return and a remission of the condition. This process helps students understand the importance of thoracentesis and aspiration in the treatment of tension pneumothorax.

[0035] This teaching model, featuring sophisticated component design and ingenious connections, successfully simulates the pathological changes of tension pneumothorax and its impact on circulatory function. It not only provides students with an intuitive learning tool but also helps enhance their understanding of related diseases.

[0036] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention, and the commonly known specific technical solutions and / or features of the solution are not described in detail here. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A tension pneumothorax model for teaching, characterized by: It includes a sealed container, an elastic airbag and a flexible water bag. The container wall of the sealed container is transparent. The elastic airbag and the flexible water bag are both suspended in the sealed container. The elastic airbag is connected to a trachea. The other end of the trachea extends outside the sealed container and is connected to a lung injector. The flexible water bag is connected to a transparent tube. An air inlet is provided on the container wall of the sealed container. A pneumothorax one-way valve is provided in the air inlet for supplying gas to fill the sealed container.

2. The teaching tension pneumothorax model according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air outlet is provided on the container wall of the sealed container, and a sealing plug is detachably installed outside the air outlet.

3. The teaching tension pneumothorax model according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flexible water bag is filled with gas and liquid, and the two ends of the transparent tube are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the flexible water bag. The transparent tube connected to the flexible water bag passes through the sealed container at the upper and lower ends and is placed outside. Two liquid one-way valves with the same communication direction are provided in the pipe section of the transparent tube located outside, and a circulating injector for driving the one-way flow of liquid in the transparent tube is provided between the liquid one-way valves.

4. The teaching tension pneumothorax model according to claim 3, characterized in that: The liquid one-way valve near the upper end of the flexible water bag is a first liquid one-way valve, and the liquid one-way valve near the lower end of the flexible water bag is a second liquid one-way valve. The flow direction of the first liquid one-way valve is from the transparent tube to the flexible water bag, and the flow direction of the second liquid one-way valve is from the flexible water bag to the transparent tube; the liquid in the flexible water bag is a colored liquid.

5. The teaching tension pneumothorax model according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are two elastic airbags, and the trachea is a Y-shaped three-way tube. The two openings of the Y-shaped three-way tube are connected to the two elastic airbags, and the other opening of the Y-shaped three-way tube is connected to the lung injector. The flexible water bag is located between the two elastic airbags.

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