Deionizer for fluid circuit and fluid circuit

Abstract

The utility model relates to a deionizer for a fluid circuit and a fluid circuit, the deionizer comprises a fluid connection base part (2) and a cylinder body (8), the cylinder body comprises a body (10) and a cover cap (20), the cover cap is configured to be attached to the body, the cover cap (20) comprises a platform (21) connected to a central well (25), and the platform (21) is connected to the central well (25). The platform extends transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis (X) and closes the internal storage cavity (16) of the body, and the central well extends inside the body (10) and comprises two adjacent sections. The upper section (25a) comprises second apertures (27a, 27b, 27c) covered by or comprising a second screen, the second apertures being configured to allow fluid (F) to enter the internal storage cavity from the central well, and the second screen being configured to hold the resin (A) and prevent the resin from exiting the internal storage cavity (16). The lower section (25b) is free of apertures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of filters, in particular to an ion filter or a deionizer, and also relates to a fluid circuit equipped with the filter.

[0002] A deionizer is a special type of filter that is configured to regulate the conductivity level of a fluid. This conductivity level is regulated by controlling the level of ions in the fluid. Therefore, a deionizer may also be referred to as an ion filter. In the context of the present invention, the nature of the fluid to be filtered is not limited. However, as will be seen in more detail later in this specification, the fluid is typically a coolant, typically hydrogen, that circulates in the fuel cell's temperature control loop.

[0003] The present invention also relates to the technical field of methods for filling filters (eg deionizers). Background Art

[0004] A fuel cell is configured to generate a voltage through a redox reaction, for example to power a vehicle's electric motor. The fuel cell takes the form of a stack comprising a cathode and an anode separated from the cathode by an electrolyte, with the fuel being reduced by oxidation at the cathode. A fuel cell system typically comprises a stack of fuel cells, wherein each fuel cell has a cooling fluid flowing through it. The term "temperature control circuit" refers to the fluid circuits and components of the fuel cell system through which a cooling fluid flows and / or which contribute to cooling the fuel cell.

[0005] Fuel cell systems, particularly hydrogen fuel cells, are widely used in the automotive and transportation sectors, with an increasing number of electric vehicles powered by these systems. Deionizers ensure low fluid conductivity in temperature-controlled circuits. Deionizers therefore include a bed of particles based on ion exchange resins.

[0006] Existing deionizers typically include a reservoir equipped with an internal cavity, which includes an inlet port and an outlet port, through which fluid enters the internal cavity and exits the internal cavity through the outlet port. The ion exchange resin occupies part of the volume of the internal cavity and is located in the path of the fluid, thereby allowing the ion exchange resin to adjust the conductivity level of the fluid. Typically, the deionizer has a tubular shape with a device for connecting the circuit at each end. The maintenance operations required for these deionizers (for example, replacing the ion exchange resin) are complicated and time-consuming, not to mention the difficulties associated with the overall size of these deionizers. In addition, because the deionizer can cause a significant pressure drop, a dedicated line is usually set for the deionizer in the fluid circuit. Deionizers in the prior art also have the problem of regulating the conductivity of the fluid. Although permanent recirculation allows all fluids to be processed, designs have been proposed to better control the distribution of the fluid in the deionizer to ensure sufficient exchange between the fluid and the ion exchange resin. However, most existing solutions are not completely satisfactory.

[0007] Document US10569266B discloses a deionizer for a fuel cell cooling circuit. The deionizer includes a base configured to be connected to the cooling circuit. In this regard, the base includes a pipe for circulating coolant and a portion extending perpendicular to the pipe. The pipe is configured to be installed on a branch pipe of the circuit. The deionizer also includes a bell-shaped barrel configured to receive an ion exchange resin. The barrel is adapted to be detachably attached to a vertical portion of the base. In this configuration, when maintenance operations need to be performed on the deionizer, the barrel can be unscrewed from the vertical portion of the base, which greatly simplifies maintenance operations.

[0008] Furthermore, the barrel includes a cylindrical body and a central well in fluid communication with an outlet orifice of the coolant circulation conduit. The cylindrical body and the central well define a volume configured to receive an ion exchange resin. Coolant enters the barrel through a mesh disk located at the bottom of the barrel and gradually fills the barrel. The coolant then passes through the upper end of the central well, reaches the interior of the central well, and exits through the outlet orifice. The coolant then exits the barrel by flowing through the central well to the outlet orifice.

[0009] However, the coolant can also leave the cylinder via a bypass without passing through the ion exchange resin. This system is very complex and does not allow for precise control of the residence time of the fluid in the cylindrical body, especially when in contact with the ion exchange resin. This residence time depends not only on the fluid flow rate in the cylinder, but also on the number and cross-sectional area of the holes in the mesh disk, the length of the central well (especially the distance between the holes in the mesh disk and the upper end of the central well), and the cross-sectional area of the bypass. Therefore, if another application and / or a change in specifications is envisioned, the system would have to be completely redesigned.

[0010] Document KR 1261950B1 discloses a deionizer for a fuel cell cooling circuit. The deionizer includes a body, a cover including a cooling water outlet pipe, and a base including a cooling water inlet pipe. The body is attached to the cover by an attachment device and to the base by a coupling device. The deionizer includes a detachable barrel coupled to the base by an attachment device. The barrel includes a cylindrical wall, which includes a mesh and a central well, which is mounted within the cylindrical wall and through which cooling water from the inlet pipe enters. The ion exchange resin is configured to occupy the volume between the cylindrical wall and the central well. The central well also includes a mesh formed by a plurality of openings extending along the central well. The diameter of the openings increases as one moves away from the area of the barrel where cooling water is injected. The benefits of this arrangement are not explained.

[0011] This device does not allow for precise control of the fluid's residence time in the deionizer, particularly its residence time in contact with the ion exchange resin. This is because the openings at the level of the central well extend the entire length of the well, so the fluid does not remain in contact with the ion exchange resin long enough as it passes through the openings closest to the lower end of the well, effectively leaving the deionizer. Furthermore, this affects the fluid flow rate at the level of the furthest openings, so that if another application is envisioned and / or the specifications change, the size of the central well openings must be completely changed to maintain proper distribution of the fluid in the deionizer.

[0012] If, as has been described so far, properly adjusting the conductivity level of the fluid when designing a deionizer can present difficulties, especially when manufacturers want to implement these devices on circuits of varying sizes, the filling of these deionizers can also cause some problems. In other words, the problems associated with filling concern not only the deionizer, but also all filters.

[0013] The prior art also focuses on filling cartridge filters. A cartridge filter is a filter comprising a fluid connection base adapted to be connected to a fluid circuit and a cartridge adapted to be removably attached to the base. The aforementioned document describes examples of cartridge filters, particularly cartridge deionizers. This type of filter must be distinguished from fixed filters, in which the outer frame is typically made from a single part, making it impossible to separate the cartridge from the base. In cartridge filters, since the cartridge is removable, it can be refilled without removing the base from the fluid circuit.

[0014] Document JP-A-2021137771 discloses a method for filling a cartridge of a deionizer filter. The cartridge is suitable for being detachably attached to a housing provided for this purpose. The cartridge comprises a central well forming an integral part therewith. The cartridge also comprises two mesh elements which retain the ion exchange resin when the ion exchange resin is located in the cartridge. The method for filling the cartridge is performed by means of a filling device. The method comprises the following steps: in this step, the cartridge without the mesh elements is placed on a support so that its top faces the ground. Next, a shielding element is placed on the end of the central well facing the filling device so as to close the end, and the cartridge is then filled with the ion exchange resin by means of a tap. Finally, the cartridge is closed by placing the mesh elements on a support provided for this purpose.

[0015] This filling method is very complex. The cylinder can only be filled from the bottom, that is, from the edge formed by the mesh element and the cover (if present). In order to carry out the filling operation, the mesh element and the cover of the cylinder must be disassembled so that the interior of the cylinder is freely accessible. At the same time, it must be ensured that the inlet opening of the central well is inaccessible, and for this purpose the central well must be covered with a shielding element. Once the cylinder has been filled, it is resealed with the mesh element and the cover, which requires great precision since the mesh element and the cover must fit around the central well.

[0016] Documents US 2009 / 233134 A1, US Pat. No. 5,707,536 A and EP 3,132,837 A1 disclose deionizers for fluid circuits.

[0017] The present invention is intended to overcome at least some of the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0018] According to a first aspect, the present invention proposes a deionizer for a fluid circuit for this purpose, the deionizer comprising:

[0019] a fluid connection base adapted to be connected to a fluid circuit, the fluid connection base comprising a fluid inlet port, a fluid outlet port and an attachment interface, and

[0020] a cartridge comprising a body and a cover, the body being generally tubular along a longitudinal axis and comprising a closed first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, the second longitudinal end being configured to be attached to the attachment interface of the fluid connection base, the body comprising an internal storage cavity adapted to store an ion exchange resin, the cover being configured to be attached to the second longitudinal end of the body and comprising a platform connected to the central well,

[0021] ○the platform extending transversely relative to the longitudinal axis and enclosing the second longitudinal end of the body and the internal storage cavity, the platform including a first aperture covered by or including a first screen, the first aperture configured to allow fluid to flow from the internal storage cavity to the fluid outlet port, the first screen configured to retain the resin and prevent the resin from leaving the internal storage cavity, and

[0022] ○ The central well extends within the body and has a generally tubular shape along the longitudinal axis, the central well including a closed first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, the first longitudinal end of the central well being located on the first longitudinal end side of the body, the second longitudinal end of the central well being connected to the platform and fluidically connected to the fluid inlet port, the central well including two adjacent sections between the first longitudinal end of the central well and the second longitudinal end of the central well, the upper section of the two sections being located on the first longitudinal end side of the central well and including second orifices covered by or including a second screen, the second orifices being configured to allow fluid to enter the internal storage cavity from the central well, and the second screen being configured to retain the resin and prevent the resin from leaving the internal storage cavity, and the lower section of the two sections being located on the second longitudinal end side of the central well and having no orifices.

[0023] Deionizer according to the present invention solves at least some of these problems of the prior art. Unlike the deionizer of the prior art, the deionizer of the present invention allows to ensure that the residence time of the fluid in the deionizer is enough to obtain the low level conductivity in the fluid. In this respect, in the deionizer of the present invention, only the upper section (that is, the section located at the first end side) of the center well has the second orifice. The lower section (that is, the end of the center well that is connected to the fluid inlet port fluid) located at the second end side of the center well does not have an orifice. This means that when fluid enters the deionizer, the fluid may not directly enter the internal storage chamber and leave through the first orifice, wherein the fluid only passes through the ion exchange resin on a very small part of the height of the ion exchange resin. Instead, the fluid is forced to arrive at the second orifice of the upper section located at the first end side to enter the internal storage chamber from the center well. Incidentally, before the fluid leaves the deionizer via the first orifice through the fluid outlet port, it is forced to pass through almost the entire height of the ion exchange resin. The residence time of the fluid in the internal storage chamber is guaranteed compared to the residence times obtained in deionizers of the prior art, which allows ensuring sufficient exchange with the ion exchange resin and subsequently maintaining a low level of conductivity in the fluid.

[0024] Furthermore, unlike the deionizers of the prior art, the deionizers according to the present invention have a limited number of geometrical parameters that can be easily adjusted to maintain a low level of fluid conductivity, depending on the size of the deionizer and / or the volume of the fluid to be processed. The residence time of the fluid in the internal storage chamber is not very dependent on the flow rate of the fluid, nor on the characteristics of the platform, in particular the size and / or shape of the first orifice of the platform. In contrast, in the deionizers of the prior art, these parameters have a significant impact on the residence time of the fluid in the internal storage chamber. Due to the presence of a second orifice near the fluid outlet port of these deionizers, this has the following effect: the residence time of the fluid exiting through these orifices is very dependent on the parameters of the fluid entering the deionizer, and is very dependent on the geometrical parameters at the outlet of the deionizer, in particular the outlet orifice of the internal storage chamber.

[0025] The different features of the deionizer according to the first aspect of the invention may be employed together or individually:

[0026] - the second orifices have increasing diameters along the longitudinal axis, the second orifices having the largest diameter being closer to the first end and the second orifices having the smallest diameter being farther from the first end;

[0027] - the dimensions of the second orifices along the longitudinal axis differ by no more than 10% from the dimensions of the central well and the fluid inlet port along the transverse axis;

[0028] - the second orifices have dimensions of the order of centimeters along the longitudinal axis;

[0029] - the size of these second orifices is in the order of centimeters,

[0030] - the second orifices are angularly distributed around the periphery of the central well;

[0031] - the shape of these second orifices is substantially elliptical;

[0032] - the longitudinal dimension of the lower section is at least equal to the longitudinal dimension of the upper section;

[0033] - the first orifices are evenly distributed around the central well, the first orifices having substantially the same diameter or the same transverse dimension;

[0034] - the central well comprises four to ten first orifices;

[0035] - the first orifices are substantially circular;

[0036] - the platform comprises an upper face of circular shape, delimited by an outer periphery extending around the longitudinal axis, the outer periphery having a cylindrical shape matching the inner edge of the second longitudinal end of the cylinder, the first orifices being formed in the upper face;

[0037] - the deionizer further comprising a drain cavity formed by the platform and the fluid connection base, the drain cavity extending around the inlet port;

[0038] - the fluid inlet port comprises a connecting channel for connecting the fluid inlet port to the central well, the connecting channel being substantially straight and opening at the level of the second longitudinal end of the central well;

[0039] - the fluid connection base comprises a multi-way valve for connecting the deionizer to the fluid circuit;

[0040] the body comprises a dome at the level of the first end of the body, the dome being configured to receive the first longitudinal end of the central well;

[0041] - the body further comprises a vent and a plug configured to be attached to the vent, the vent and the plug being located at the top of the dome;

[0042] - the second longitudinal end of the body comprises first attachment means, and the attachment interface comprises second attachment means, the second attachment means being complementary to and adapted to cooperate with the first attachment means;

[0043] - the platform comprises first means for hooking to the cylinder, and the second longitudinal end of the body comprises second means for hooking to the platform,

[0044] the second longitudinal end of the body comprises an opening for loading the ion exchange resin, the cover being configured to move in translation along the longitudinal axis between a filling position in which the second device is free and the opening is open, allowing access to the internal storage cavity for filling, and a use position in which the second device is engaged with the first device and the openings are closed by the platform,

[0045] - the platform and the central well are formed integrally,

[0046] - the platform and the central well are separate components,

[0047] - the second orifices form an annular row of second orifices around the periphery of the central well,

[0048] - the second orifices in the same annular row are angularly spaced apart at an angle of 90°,

[0049] - The second orifices in the same annular row are angularly spaced apart by an angle of 180°.

[0050] Still according to the first aspect, the present invention also relates to a fluid circuit, in particular for a vehicle, comprising a fuel cell stack, a heat exchanger and a deionizer as described above.

[0051] According to the first aspect, the present invention also relates to a method for filling a deionizer, comprising the following steps in sequence:

[0052] - providing a deionizer body and a cover as described above,

[0053] - placing the cover in the filling position,

[0054] - filling the internal storage cavity with ion exchange resin, and

[0055] - Closing the cylinder using the cover.

[0056] Advantageously, closing the cartridge causes the resin in the internal storage cavity to settle or even compress.

[0057] According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a filter for a fluid circuit, the filter comprising a cartridge comprising a body and a cover, the cover comprising a platform, the body having a generally tubular shape along a longitudinal axis and comprising a closed first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end configured to be attached to the cover, the body comprising an internal storage cavity suitable for storing filter resin, the second longitudinal end of the body comprising lateral openings for loading the filter resin, the cover being configured to translate along the longitudinal axis from a filling position towards a use position, in which the lateral openings are open, thereby allowing the internal storage cavity to be filled, and in which the openings are closed by the platform.

[0058] The filter according to the second aspect of the present invention not only allows the internal storage cavity to be easily filled, but also allows the cover to be subsequently installed simply by the user pressing the cover 20. In contrast, in filters using the prior art, as shown in the example of document JP-A-2021137771, the internal storage cavity can only be filled / filled from the bottom of the internal storage cavity. Therefore, the filter is particularly easy to use. Therefore, the position of the opening (i.e., laterally at the level of the second longitudinal end of the body) is particularly suitable for simple filling without having to perform complex and extensive operations to assemble or modify the cover.

[0059] The different features of the filter according to the second aspect of the invention may be employed together or individually:

[0060] - the platform is connected to a central well having a generally tubular shape along a longitudinal axis, the central well extending inside the body;

[0061] - the filter is a deionizer;

[0062] - A first recess extends from a first annular edge on the inner surface of the body.

[0063] - The cylinder comprises two diametrically opposed openings.

[0064] Filters according to the present invention may include one or more of the characteristics listed above in relation to deionizers.

[0065] Still according to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for filling a filter, the method comprising the following steps in order:

[0066] - provide a filter as described above,

[0067] - placing the cover in the filling position,

[0068] - filling the internal storage cavity with the filter resin through the lateral openings, and

[0069] - The cylinder is closed by means of the cover.

[0070] The different features of the filling method according to the second aspect of the invention can be used together or individually:

[0071] - the platform comprises first means for hooking to the cylinder, and the second longitudinal end of the body comprises second means for hooking to the platform, the first means and the second means being free when the cover is in the filling position, and the second hooking means being engaged with the first hooking means when the cover is in the use position.

[0072] - one of the elements selected from the first device and the second device comprises protrusions and another of the elements comprises recesses, the protrusions being configured to cooperate with the recesses by a resilient snap fit to ensure attachment of the elements together.

[0073] The first protrusion is respectively separated from the second protrusion by a first space, the first means and the second means comprising legs insertable into the space in order to longitudinally lock the cover relative to the body when the cover is in the use position.

[0074] the cover comprises at least one marking pattern for the filling position and the use position, the pattern being arranged such that: in the filling position, the pattern is fully visible, whereas in the use position, the pattern is partially visible;

[0075] The platform comprises a second annular edge protruding from the outer surface of the platform, such that in the filled position the second annular edge abuts the first annular edge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0076] Further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0077] - Figure 1a and Figure 1b The first embodiment of the present invention is shown respectively. Figure 1a ) and the second embodiment ( Figure 1b ) of the fluid circuit,

[0078] - Figure 2a and Figure 2b The first embodiment of the present invention is in the assembly position ( Figure 2a ) and in the disassembled position ( Figure 2b ),

[0079] - Figure 3a and Figure 3b The second embodiment of the present invention is in the assembly position ( Figure 3a ) and in the disassembled position ( Figure 3b ),

[0080] - Figure 4a and Figure 4b is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a deionizer according to an embodiment of the present invention,

[0081] - Figure 4c Yes Figure 4a and Figure 4b A top view of the cover of the deionizer is shown;

[0082] - Figures 5a to 5c are respectively a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of the deionizer cylinder at various steps of the cylinder filling method according to the first embodiment,

[0083] - Figure 6 The various steps in the method for filling the cylinder of a deionizer according to one embodiment of the present invention are shown.

[0084] - Figure 7 is a perspective view of two deionizer platforms according to different embodiments of the present invention,

[0085] - Figure 8 is a perspective view of two central wells of a deionizer according to different embodiments of the present invention,

[0086] - Figure 9It is a cross-sectional view of a deionizer cylinder according to one embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0087] In this specification, the terms "upper" and "lower" are not to be construed as limiting, but are merely to provide a better understanding of the present invention with reference to the illustrated drawings. The use of the term "lower" merely indicates that the element in question is closer to the lower edge of the filter than the element associated with the term "upper," which, in the illustrated drawings, is the edge closest to the port of the filter.

[0088] The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0089] Figure 1a and Figure 1b A fluid circuit 50 according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. In the example shown, the fluid circuit 50 is a cooling circuit for a vehicle (e.g., a car) powered by a fuel cell stack. In this regard, the fluid circuit 50 shown essentially includes a fuel cell stack 51, a heat exchanger 54, and a filter 1'. Arrows on the fluid circuit 50 indicate the direction of flow of the fluid F within the fluid circuit 50.

[0090] The operation of the fuel cell stack 51 has been described in the introduction and will not be repeated here. In addition, as already mentioned, any other type of fluid circuit 50 can be used. The function of the heat exchanger 54 is to exchange heat with the cooling fluid F after it passes through the stack 51 and to distribute the heat absorbed by the cooling fluid F to the rest of the vehicle, which is basically for the purpose of heating and / or air conditioning and / or dehumidifying the air in the passenger compartment. When the cooling fluid F passes through the stack 51, it carries ions and the conductivity of the cooling fluid needs to be adjusted to prevent premature degradation of the fluid circuit 50. According to the first aspect of the present invention, the filter 1', which is a deionizer, provides this conductivity control.

[0091] exist Figure 1aIn the embodiment shown, the elements of the fluid circuit 50 are connected in parallel. In addition to the elements already mentioned, the fluid circuit includes a valve 52 and a conventional T-connector 53. The fluid circuit 50 includes a first branch and a second branch parallel to the first branch, the first branch including a heat exchanger 54 and the second branch including the deionizer 1. The T-connector 53 is used to distribute the cooling fluid F leaving the stack 51 and the deionizer toward the heat exchanger 54, while the valve 52 is used to distribute the cooling fluid F leaving the heat exchanger 54 toward the stack 51 and the deionizer 1. In this way, the cooling process in the circuit is independent of the process of regulating the conductivity of the cooling fluid F. In these cases, if any work needs to be performed on the deionizer 1, the cooling circuit of the cooling fluid F is not affected. Similarly, if work must be performed on the heat exchanger 54, the control circuit of the conductivity of the cooling fluid F is not affected.

[0092] However, the fluid circuit 50 ( Figure 1a ) is more complex to manufacture and requires a greater number of components. Figure 1b In the embodiment shown, the elements of the fluid circuit 50 are connected in series. The fluid circuit comprises a stack 51, a heat exchanger 54 and a deionizer 1. In this fluid circuit 50, the deionizer 1 is equipped with a multi-way valve 6 that allows the deionizer to control the distribution of the cooling fluid F in the circuit. Figure 3a and Figure 3b The advantage of this configuration is that it allows to simplify the circuit and its manufacture, since there are no longer any isolating valves 52, parallel branches or T-connectors 53.

[0093] This fluid circuit 50 is used to better understand the present invention; however, the fluid circuit 50 according to the present invention is not limited to cooling circuits 50 for motor vehicles, let alone cooling circuits comprising fuel cell stacks. The fluid circuit according to the present invention can be used in all areas where filtration by a filter 1 ' according to the present invention is required. With regard to the deionizer 1 , which will be described in more detail below and constitutes the first aspect of the present invention, it should be noted that, for example, the deionizer can be used in any fluid circuit 50 in which the conductivity of a fluid needs to be adjusted. Thus, the fluid circuit 50 can be any water deionization circuit, whether the water is configured for laboratory use, industrial use, or consumer use.

[0094] Figure 2a and Figure 2b A deionizer 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown, which is suitable for use in a fluid circuit 50 configured to regulate the conductivity of a fluid, for example Figure 1a and Figure 1bAs shown in . The deionizer 1 is a cartridge deionizer, that is, a deionizer that includes a fluid connection base 2 that can be connected to a fluid circuit 50 and a cartridge 8 that can be detachably attached to the fluid connection base 2. When work needs to be performed on the deionizer 1, the cartridge 8 can be removed from the fluid connection base 2 without having to dismantle the entire deionizer 1 (that is, the deionizer with the fluid connection base 2). Incidentally, the fluid connection base 2 can be permanently installed in the fluid circuit 50.

[0095] In this respect, the fluid connection base 2 has a generally tubular shape along the longitudinal axis X. This base includes a fluid inlet port 3, which allows the fluid F to enter the deionizer 1, and a fluid outlet port 4, which allows the fluid F to leave the deionizer 1. It should be noted that the fluid inlet port 3 and the fluid outlet port 4 could be located on the cartridge 8 instead of on the fluid connection base 2. However, in this case, for the reasons already mentioned, it would no longer make sense to use a cartridge 8 that is separate from the fluid connection base 2 and can be removed from the base. In this case, it would no longer be a cartridge deionizer 1, but a fixed deionizer 1.

[0096] Let's go back to Figure 1a The fluid circuit 50 is shown. Here, the deionizer 1 can be implemented by fluidly connecting the fluid inlet port 3 to the valve 52 and fluidly connecting the fluid outlet port 4 to the T-connector 53. Figure 3a and Figure 3b As shown, if the deionizer 1 includes an integrated multi-way valve 6, the deionizer can be installed in a fluid circuit 50 by connecting the fluid inlet port 3 to the heat exchanger 54 and the outlet port to the stack 51. We will return to this point below. In other words, as already mentioned, the deionizer 1 can be installed on any other conductivity control circuit. The fluid connection base 2 also includes an attachment interface 5 to which the cartridge 8 can be attached. This attachment interface 5, located near the upper edge of the fluid connection base, will be described more fully below.

[0097] Figure 3a and Figure 3b A deionizer 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention is shown, which is suitable for use in a fluid circuit 50 configured to regulate the conductivity of a fluid. Unlike the deionizer 1 of the first embodiment, this deionizer 1 comprises a multi-way valve 6 which allows managing the distribution of the fluid F through the cartridge 8 while ensuring the continuity of the fluid circulation within the fluid circuit 50. Furthermore, during maintenance operations for replacing the cartridge 8, the multi-way valve 6 allows cutting off the fluid supply F towards the cartridge 8, thereby avoiding complete emptying of the fluid circuit 50. Incidentally, by integrating the multi-way valve 6 into the fluid connection base, the pipes, connectors and elements of the second parallel branch are eliminated. In Figure 1a In the exemplary embodiment shown, they comprise a valve 52 , a second parallel branch of tubing and a T-connector 53 .

[0098] exist Figure 3a and Figure 3b In the embodiment shown, a multi-way valve 6 is integrated into the fluid connection base 2 of the deionizer. More specifically, the multi-way valve 6 is attached to the wall of the fluid connection base 2. The multi-way valve comprises a drive mechanism (not visible) and an actuator 6a that allows the drive mechanism to be controlled so as to open or close the access path of the deionizer 1 when needed. In this regard, the drive mechanism is connected to a valve (not visible) that is movable to selectively open and close the access path connecting the fluid inlet port 3 and the fluid outlet port 4. Preferably, the multi-way valve 6, the fluid inlet port 3 and the fluid outlet port 4 are therefore arranged in a T-shaped configuration, which allows for simplified opening and closing of the access path. We will return to this point later to describe the arrangement of these elements relative to the internal elements of the deionizer 1.

[0099] Unless otherwise specified, the following description is also applicable to the deionizers in the above two embodiments, for example.

[0100] The cylinder 8 includes a body 10 and a cover 20 ( Figure 4a and Figure 4b ). The body 10 has a generally tubular shape along a longitudinal axis X. The body 10 includes a first, closed longitudinal end 11 and a second, longitudinal end 12 configured to be attached to the attachment interface 5 of the fluid connection base. When the first longitudinal end 11 is closed, fluid F entering the deionizer 1 can only exit by following a path to the fluid outlet port 4. The second, longitudinal end 12 can advantageously include a first attachment means 14 that can cooperate with a second attachment means 5 a complementary to the attachment interface 5 to removably mount the cartridge 8 on the fluid connection base 2.

[0101] In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the first attachment means 14 comprises a thread, for example, a helical thread, formed on the outer surface of the cartridge 8, while the second attachment means 5a comprises a complementary thread formed on the inner surface of the fluid connection base 2. This allows the cartridge 8 to be installed and removed from the fluid connection base 2 by tightening and loosening, respectively. This makes installation and removal of the cartridge easier. The deionizer 1 according to the present invention is not limited to such an attachment means, and those skilled in the art may envision other attachment means that allow the cartridge 8 to be detachably mounted on the fluid connection base 2 without prejudice to the present invention.

[0102] In this regard, as in Figure 2b and Figure 3bAs can be seen more clearly in FIG, the deionizer 1 may also include a seal 40 to ensure that it is watertight at the level of the attachment interface 5. The second longitudinal end 12 includes an annular stop 12b, close to which the seal 40 is located. The attachment interface includes an upper edge 5b designed to abut against the annular stop 12b in a sealing manner when the cartridge 8 is mounted on the fluid connection base 2, this bearing being sealed by the seal 40.

[0103] In addition, if Figures 2a to 3b As can be seen in FIG, the first longitudinal end 11 may advantageously include a polyhedral profile 19 configured so that it can be gripped by an appropriate tool. The size and shape of the profile 19 may be adapted to a standard tool, or alternatively, if the size and shape of the profile 19 do not fit the size and shape of a standard tool, the tool may be adapted for this purpose.

[0104] The body 10 also includes an internal storage chamber 16 capable of storing ion exchange resin A. Ion exchange resin A is an active material with which fluid F can exchange ions to adjust the electrical conductivity of the fluid. Ion exchange resin A is advantageously in the form of beads or granules, typically with a diameter between 0.2 mm and 2 mm. Preferably, resin A is made of polypropylene random copolymer (PPR) or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). These materials allow sufficient ion exchange without releasing a large amount of ions themselves, which would otherwise reduce or offset the deionization effect. However, PPS is more preferred than PPR because it is chemically more stable. In other words, PPS is less flexible, less prone to deformation, and more expensive than PPR.

[0105] Figure 4a and Figure 4b is a longitudinal cross-sectional view along the longitudinal axis X of the deionizer 1 according to the first embodiment and provides a better view of the internal storage chamber 16 and the cover 20. However, it should be noted that the cartridge 8 and the cover 20 described below with respect to this first embodiment are identical in the second embodiment. In fact, only the arrangement of the fluid connection base 2 and its elements relative to the cartridge 8 and the cover 20 may differ between the first and second embodiments.

[0106] As shown, the internal storage chamber 16 occupies most of the internal volume of the cartridge 8, which means that a large amount of ion exchange resin A can be stored in the cartridge. Figure 4a and Figure 4b, the deionizer 1 is shown in an assembled position, i.e., the cover 20 is attached to the second longitudinal end 12 of the body, and the cylinder 8 is mounted on the fluid connection base 2. The cover 20 includes a central well 25 and a platform 21 connected to the central well 25 by a joint 20a. The platform 21 and the central well 25 will be described in more detail below. It should be noted that in the embodiment shown, the deionizer 1 has centimeter-scale dimensions. In other words, the deionizer may be larger, depending on its intended use.

[0107] In the assembled position, the platform 21 extends transversely to the longitudinal axis X and closes the second longitudinal end 12 of the body and the internal storage cavity 16. In fact, the internal storage cavity 16 is closed on the one hand by the first longitudinal end 11 (which is always closed) and on the other hand by the platform 21, which blocks the second longitudinal end 12 (closed when the deionizer 1 is in the assembled position) and thus forms the physical boundary of the internal storage cavity. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the platform 21 has a generally cylindrical shape. The platform 21 comprises an upper face 21a delimited by an outer peripheral edge 21b extending around the longitudinal axis X. As in Figure 4c As can be seen more clearly in the top view shown in FIG, the upper face 21a is circular in shape and is centered on the longitudinal axis X. The outer peripheral edge 21b itself has a cylindrical shape that matches the inner edge of the second longitudinal end 12 of the barrel. In this regard, the dimensions of the platform 21 can be appropriately selected so as to allow the cover 20 to fit precisely in the barrel 8 once it is installed in the barrel. When the cover 20 is installed in the barrel 8, there is little or no gap between the cover and the barrel.

[0108] The platform 21 includes a first orifice 23 configured to allow fluid F to flow from the internal storage cavity 16 to the fluid outlet port 4. Figure 4c These first openings 23 can be seen more clearly in FIG. Figure 4c In the exemplary embodiment shown, the first orifices 23 are evenly distributed around the central well 25 and have substantially the same diameter or transverse dimension, which facilitates an even distribution of the fluid F flowing from the internal storage chamber 16 to the fluid outlet port 4. Advantageously, the first orifices 23 are formed in the upper face 21a of the platform. Although Figure 4c There are six first orifices 23 in the embodiment, but at least four first orifices 23 may be provided on the platform ( Figure 7 ), and preferably up to ten first orifices 23 are provided. This represents a good compromise between achieving a sufficient flow rate and simplifying the method of manufacturing the platform 21. The diameter of these first orifices 23 should then be adjusted according to the number of these first orifices. The larger the number, the smaller the diameter of the first orifices 23. Within the aforementioned limit range (four), the fewer the number of first orifices 23, the larger the flow cross-section and the smaller the pressure drop. Figure 7On the right-hand side of the figure, a variant embodiment is shown in which the platform 21 includes four first orifices 23. In this regard, although the first orifices 23 are circular in the example embodiment shown, these first orifices may be of any other shape as long as they allow the fluid F to flow from the internal storage chamber 16 to the fluid outlet port.

[0109] As in Figure 4c As can also be seen in the figure, the first orifice 23 is covered by or includes a first screen 23a. The first screen 23a is configured to retain the ion exchange resin A and prevent the ion exchange resin from leaving the internal storage chamber 16, in particular, from entering the discharge chamber 24 formed by the platform 21 and the fluid connection base 2. In practice, the size of the first orifice 23 is significantly larger than the size of the beads constituting the ion exchange resin A, that is, the size of each orifice is at least an order of magnitude larger than the size of the beads of resin A. Therefore, in the absence of the first screen 23a, the beads would be discharged towards the fluid outlet port 4 under the influence of gravity and the fluid F passing through the deionizer 1. In this regard, and preferably, the first screen 23a includes openings whose maximum dimension is strictly smaller than the size of the beads constituting the ion exchange resin A. Preferably, the first screen can be made of the same material as the rest of the cover 20, thereby making it easier to recycle the first screen.

[0110] At this point, it should be emphasized that the aforementioned drain chamber 24 does not simply serve as a communication passage for the fluid F to exit the internal storage chamber 16. The drain chamber 24 extends around the fluid inlet port 3, and more specifically, around the connecting passage 7 in the inlet port. This connecting passage 7 occupies a substantially central position within the drain chamber 24 and will be described in greater detail later in this specification. It should also be noted that the drain chamber 24 is longitudinally bounded by the upper face 21 a of the platform and the lower edge (not shown) of the fluid connection base 2. The drain chamber is also laterally bounded by the outer peripheral edge 21 b of the platform.

[0111] The central well 25 is generally tubular along the longitudinal axis X. When the cover 20 is placed on the cylinder 8, the central well extends inside the body 10. In the embodiment shown in the figures, the central well extends from the upper face 21a ( Figure 4c ) extends in the central area so that when the deionizer 1 is in the assembled position ( Figure 4a and Figure 4b ), the central well 25 occupies a central position within the internal storage chamber 16. In this way, since the flow conditions around the central well 25 are uniform, the distribution dynamics of the fluid F in the internal storage chamber 16 are almost independent of the geometry of the internal storage chamber 16 itself.

[0112] In addition, the center well 25 includes a closed first longitudinal end 28, which is located on the same side as the first longitudinal end 11 of the body. In fact, the first longitudinal end 28 of the center well is closed by the first longitudinal end 11 of the body. In a preferred embodiment, the first longitudinal end 11 of the body includes a dome 13, which is configured to receive the first longitudinal end 28 of the center well. The dome 13 includes a top and also includes a vent 13a and a plug 13b at the level of its top. The vent 13a is used to vent the internal storage chamber 16, that is, to discharge excess air contained in the internal storage chamber 16 when the cylinder is filled. The plug 13b is configured to be attached to the vent 13a so that the vent 13a is always closed unless venting is required when filling the cylinder 8. The plug 13b is separated from the vent 13a only when the internal storage chamber 16 is vented. Therefore, when the deionizer 1 is in the assembly position (as shown in the accompanying drawings), the first longitudinal end 11 of the body is always closed. At the same time, the first longitudinal end 28 of the central well is also closed by the first longitudinal end 11 of the body when the dome 13 is received in the dome 13. It should be noted that the dome 13 is not mandatory and the first longitudinal end 11 can be closed quite easily by a simple wall following the contour of the first longitudinal end 28 of the central well.

[0113] The central well 25 also includes a second longitudinal end 29 connected to the platform 21 and fluidically connected to the fluid inlet port 3. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the second longitudinal end 29 is connected to the platform 21 by a joint 20a, which connects the platform 21 and the central well 25. As already mentioned and visible in the drawings, the fluid inlet port 3 includes a connecting channel 7. The connecting channel 7 extends all the way to the central well 25. More specifically, the connecting channel opens directly at the level of the second longitudinal end 29 of the central well when the deionizer 1 is in the assembled position, thereby creating a path for the fluid F arriving via the fluid inlet port 3. In the embodiment shown, the connecting channel 7 is substantially straight. However, depending on the position of the fluid inlet port 3, the connecting channel can have any other suitable shape. For the deionizer 1 in the second embodiment ( Figure 3a and Figure 3b ), the connecting channel 7 can be L-shaped, for example.

[0114] In this regard, as in Figure 4a and Figure 4bIn the illustrated embodiment, the central well 25 and the connecting channel 7 are aligned along the longitudinal axis X. That is, the central well 25 extends in the continuation of the fluid inlet port 3, parallel to the connecting channel 7, and in the extension of the connecting channel 7. When the fluid F moves between the fluid inlet port 3 and the central well, the fluid does not experience any deceleration, except for any deceleration caused by its own weight. Preferably, when the deionizer 1 is in the assembled position, the junction 20a follows the contour of the end of the connecting channel proximal to the second longitudinal end 29 of the central well. This allows for a stable connection between the central well 25 and the fluid inlet port 3.

[0115] In the deionizer 1 of the second embodiment, this is not the case because the fluid inlet port 3 is not aligned with the central well 25. The fluid inlet port 3 is aligned with the fluid outlet port 4 and may be aligned with the valve of the multi-way valve 6. The connecting channel 7 is L-shaped, which may slightly slow down the fluid F, so this should be taken into account when setting the fluid flow rate.

[0116] According to a first aspect of the present invention, the central well 25 comprises two adjacent sections 25a, 25b (at the center) between a first longitudinal end 28 and a second longitudinal end 29 thereof. Figure 5b According to the first aspect of the present invention, the upper section 25a is located near the first longitudinal end 28 and includes second orifices 27a, 27b, 27c covered by or including the second screen. The second orifices 27a, 27b, 27c are configured to allow fluid F to enter the internal storage chamber 16 from the central well 25, and the second screen is configured to retain the ion exchange resin A and prevent the ion exchange resin from leaving the internal storage chamber 16 and reaching the interior of the central well 25. Still according to the first aspect of the present invention, the lower section 25b is located on the second longitudinal end 29 side and has no orifices. More specifically with reference to Figure 4b When the fluid F enters the deionizer 1, the fluid passes through the fluid inlet port 3, the lower section 25b, the upper section 25a, the second orifices 27a, 27b, 27c, the ion exchange resin A, the first orifice 23, the platform 21 (especially the discharge chamber 24 formed by the platform 21 and the fluid connection base 2), and the fluid outlet port 4 in sequence.

[0117] In the deionizer 1 according to the first aspect of the present invention, the central well 25 includes second openings 27a, 27b, 27c only at the level of its upper section 25a (i.e., the section located on the side of the first longitudinal end 11 of the body). Therefore, when the fluid F enters the deionizer 1, the fluid may not directly enter the internal storage chamber 16. The fluid is forced to cover the entire lower section 25b before reaching the second openings 27a, 27b, 27c. Therefore, the fluid may not pass through more than a small portion of the ion exchange resin A, but is forced to reach the second openings 27a, 27b, 27c of the upper section 25a in order to enter the internal storage chamber 16 from the central well 25. Therefore, the fluid F is forced to pass through the ion exchange resin A over almost the entire height of the ion exchange resin A before leaving the deionizer 1 through the fluid outlet port 4 via the first opening 23. Therefore, the residence time of the fluid F in the internal storage chamber 16 is significantly prolonged compared to deionizers of the prior art, which allows ensuring sufficient exchange with the ion exchange resin A to reduce the conductivity level in the fluid.

[0118] Furthermore, unlike prior art deionizers, the deionizer 1 of the present invention can be easily adjusted to maintain a low level of fluid conductivity, depending on the volume of fluid to be processed, due to its limited number of geometrical parameters. The residence time of the fluid F in the internal storage chamber 16 is not very dependent on the flow rate of the fluid and is not very dependent (if at all) on the characteristics of the platform 21, in particular the size and / or shape of the first orifice 23 of the platform. In contrast, in prior art deionizers, these parameters have a significant impact on the residence time of the fluid in the internal storage chamber 16. Due to the presence of the second orifice near the fluid outlet port of these deionizers, this has the effect of making the residence time of the fluid exiting through these orifices very dependent on the parameters of the fluid entering the deionizer and very dependent on the geometrical parameters at the outlet of the deionizer, in particular the outlet orifice of the internal storage chamber.

[0119] As previously mentioned, the upper section 25a includes the second apertures 27a, 27b and 27c. Figure 4a 、 Figure 4b 、 Figure 5a 、 Figure 5b and Figure 5cIn the embodiment shown, the second orifices 27a, 27b, 27c are distributed both longitudinally, i.e. along the longitudinal axis X, and angularly around the entire periphery of the central well 25. Thus, along the longitudinal axis X, there are a plurality of second orifices 27a, 27b and 27c, respectively, and at a given height, there are also a plurality of second orifices around the entire periphery of the central well 25, thereby forming an annular row of second orifices. In this way, the upper section 25a comprises a plurality of second orifices 27a located at the same height away from the first longitudinal end 28. Similarly, the upper section 25a comprises a plurality of second orifices 27c located at the same height close to the first longitudinal end 28. The same applies to all second intermediate orifices 27b, which are located between the distal second orifice 27a and the proximal second orifice 27c of the first longitudinal end 28 of the central well. Also as Figure 4a 、 Figure 4b 、 Figure 5a 、 Figure 5b and Figure 5c as well as Figure 8 As shown on the left side of the figure, the second openings 27a, 27b, and 27c are distributed circumferentially at 90° intervals, i.e., the second openings 27a, 27b, and 27c in the same annular row are angularly spaced at 90° intervals. Therefore, in principle, each annular row can have up to four second openings 27a, 27b, and 27c. This configuration requires the use of a drawer mold to produce the central well 25.

[0120] In this regard, if, as shown, the upper section 25a comprises only one annular row of intermediate second orifices 27b, and therefore three annular rows of second orifices 27a, 27b, 27c, the upper section 25a may comprise more annular rows of intermediate second orifices if the size of the deionizer 1 is to be increased.

[0121] Also like Figure 4a and Figure 4bAs shown, the second orifices 27a, 27b, and 27c are substantially elliptical in shape. However, the second orifices 27a, 27b, and 27c may have any other desired shape. For the purposes of the present invention, it is solely important that the second orifices are capable of allowing fluid F to enter the internal storage chamber 16 from the central well 25. The same applies to the dimensions of these second orifices 27a, 27b, and 27c. That is, the second orifices 27a, 27b, and 27c advantageously have dimensions along the longitudinal axis X that differ by no more than 10% from the dimensions of the central well 25 and the fluid inlet port 3 along the transverse axis Y. In other words, the respective diameters of the longitudinal cross-section of the second orifices 27a, 27b, and 27c, the cross-section of the central well 25, and the cross-section of the fluid inlet port 3 advantageously differ by no more than 10%. This avoids the creation of geometric singularities and sudden changes in the velocity and behavior of the fluid F within the deionizer 1. Preferably, the respective diameters of the longitudinal sections of the second orifices 27a, 27b, 27c, the cross section of the central well 25 and the cross section of the fluid inlet port 3 are of the order of centimeters.

[0122] In this regard, according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the deionizer 1, the second openings 27a, 27b, 27c have diameters d1, d2, d3 that increase along the longitudinal axis X, with the second opening 27c closer to the first longitudinal end 28 having the largest diameter d3 and the second opening 27a farther from the first longitudinal end 28 having the smallest diameter d1. In other words, the diameters of the second openings 27a, 27b, 27c increase along the longitudinal axis X in the direction of movement of the fluid F. In other words, the further the second openings 27a, 27b, 27c are from the second longitudinal end 29, the larger their diameters. This configuration allows for a higher fluid flow rate in the region of the internal storage chamber 16 furthest from the first opening 23, and for a lower fluid flow rate in the regions of the internal storage chamber 16 closer to the first opening 23 than in the regions through which the fluid flows at a higher rate. In this manner, the fluid F entering the internal storage chamber 16 through the distal second orifice 27 a of the first longitudinal end 28 (closer to the fluid inlet port 3 ) has a sufficiently low velocity when entering the internal storage chamber 16 so as to have time to exchange with the ion exchange resin A. At the same time, the fluid F entering the internal storage chamber 16 through the proximal second orifice 27 c of the first longitudinal end 28 (further away from the fluid inlet port 3 ) has a sufficiently high velocity to reach the proximal second orifice 27 c and to fully exchange with the ion exchange resin A.

[0123] according to Figure 8In the particular embodiment shown, on the right side of the figure, the second openings 27a, 27b and 27c are distributed circumferentially every 180°, i.e. the second openings 27a, 27b and 27c in the same annular row are angularly spaced at an angle of 180°. Thus, in principle, each annular row can have up to two second openings 27a, 27b, 27c. This construction is more advantageous than the previously mentioned references because it requires the use of a simpler mold than the drawer mold used to make the central well 25. Figure 4a 、 Figure 4b 、 Figure 5a 、 Figure 5b and Figure 5c The construction shown is simpler. This type of mold can be described as a "waffle" mold, as it does not require the complex setup of a drawer mold. This also allows for an increased cross-sectional area through which the fluid can pass, limiting pressure drop.

[0124] As previously mentioned, the second orifices 27a, 27b, 27c are covered by a second screen (not shown). The second screen is configured to retain the ion exchange resin A and prevent it from leaving the internal storage chamber 16, particularly from entering the central well 25. Similar to the first orifice 23, in practice, the size of the second orifices 27a, 27b, 27c is significantly larger than the size of the beads comprising the ion exchange resin A, i.e., the size of each second orifice 27a, 27b, 27c is at least one order of magnitude larger than the size of the beads of resin A. Without the second screen, the beads could reach the central well 25 and significantly reduce the flow rate of the fluid F as it passes through the deionizer 1. In this regard, and preferably, the second screen includes openings whose maximum size is strictly smaller than the size of the beads comprising the ion exchange resin A. Preferably, the second screen can be made of the same material as the rest of the cover 20, thereby making it easier to recycle.

[0125] According to an advantageous embodiment, the longitudinal dimension of lower section 25b is at least equal to that of upper section 25a. Thus, even if upper and lower sections 25a have similar dimensions, this means that fluid F is forced to reach halfway into internal storage cavity 16 before it can enter this internal storage cavity. For example, when the filling degree of internal storage cavity 16 with ion exchange resin A is greater than 80%, it is advantageous if the longitudinal dimension of lower section 25b is at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, greater than that of upper section 25a. Because lower section 25b is longer than upper section 25a, fluid F is forced to travel a greater distance within central well 25 before it can enter internal storage cavity 16. Regardless of the configuration chosen, the space occupied by first longitudinal end 11 of the body at first longitudinal end 28 of the central well should be considered, preferably following its contour.

[0126] according to Figure 4a and Figure 4b In the particular embodiment shown, the platform 21 and the central well 25 are formed integrally. In other words, the platform 21 is fixed to the central well 25.

[0127] Alternatively, as Figure 9 As shown, the platform 21 and the central well 25 are separate components. In other words, the platform 21 and the central well 25 are provided separately. In this variant embodiment, although the platform 21 is always connected to the central well 25 by the joint 20a, the platform 21 and the central well 25 each include complementary attachment means 210, 250 at the level of this joint 20a. This makes it possible to reduce the longitudinal dimensions of the central well 25, making the cylinder 8 more compact. Moreover, since the platform 21 and the central well 25 can be manufactured independently of each other, they can also be recovered independently, rather than as a whole.

[0128] In this respect, the platform 21 comprises first complementary means 210 for attachment to the central well 25, while the central well 25 comprises second complementary means for attachment 250. As an illustrative example, the first complementary means 210 may comprise a male tubular element protruding from the upper face 21 a of the platform 21, while the second complementary means 250 may comprise a female tubular element extending from the second longitudinal end 29 of the central well 25, into which the male tubular element 210 of the platform 21 may be inserted.

[0129] That is, it is conceivable that the first complementary means 210 comprises a female tubular element projecting from the upper face 21a of the platform 21 , while the second complementary means 250 comprises a male tubular element extending from the second longitudinal end 29 of the central well 25 and insertable into the female tubular element 210 of the platform.

[0130] Other complementary means for attaching the platform 21 to the central well 25 known to those skilled in the art may be envisaged without prejudice to the inventive idea behind the invention.

[0131] Now refer to Figures 5a to 5c , we will describe the device and various assembly steps for assembling the cartridge 8 and the cover 20. The mounting of the cartridge on the fluid connection base 2 has been described.

[0132] According to the exemplary embodiment shown in the figures, the platform 21 comprises first means 22 (e.g., first hook means) capable of cooperating with complementary second means 17 (e.g., second hook means) for the barrel 8, thereby allowing the cover 20 to be attached to the barrel 8. Still according to this exemplary embodiment, the first means 22 for hooking the platform comprises protrusions 22a, 22c separated by a first space 22b. The second means 17 for hooking the barrel comprises recesses 17a, 17c and a leg 17b. The second means 17 (e.g., second hook means) is arranged at the level of the second longitudinal end 12 of the body.

[0133] To attach the cover 20 to the cartridge 8, the cover 20 is inserted into the cartridge 8 by pushing the central well 25 into the internal storage cavity 16. When the platform 21 approaches the second longitudinal end 12 of the body, the user must apply slight pressure to the cover 20 so that the first means 22 (e.g., first hook means) snap onto the second means 17 (e.g., second hook means). During the snapping process, the first protrusion 22a engages in the first recess 17a, while the second protrusion 22c engages in the second recess 17c, and the leg 17b engages in the first space 22b. The cooperation of this first means 22 (e.g., first hook means) and this second means 17 (e.g., second hook means) allows the cover 20 to be attached to the cartridge 8.

[0134] Furthermore, according to an example embodiment not shown, the first means (e.g., the first hook means) and the second means (e.g., the second hook means) can be reversed, i.e., the first means (e.g., the first hook means) can include a notch and a leg, while the second means (e.g., the second hook means) can include a protrusion separated by a first space. Other means of attaching the cover 20 to the cartridge 8 are conceivable without compromising the deionizer 1 according to the first aspect of the present invention.

[0135] At the end of the snap-on step, the lower annular rim of the cover rests on the annular rim 12a of the second longitudinal end 12. Furthermore, the first longitudinal end 28 of the central well rests on the first longitudinal end 11 of the body.

[0136] It should be noted that when the attachment of the cap 20 to the cartridge 8 is not relevant to filling the cartridge 8, or at least when the internal storage cavity 16 is empty, as can be seen in the figures, these steps can be performed without inverting the cartridge 8. In other words, if the internal storage cavity 16 is empty or needs to be temporarily kept empty, then the cartridge 8 does not need to be oriented as shown.

[0137] We will now describe the various steps involved in filling a deionizer 1 as described above, and in particular the cartridge 8 of such a deionizer.

[0138] In this regard, it is particularly advantageous that the second longitudinal end 12 of the body includes lateral openings 15 for loading the ion exchange resin A. Therefore, these lateral openings 15 are preferably sized to accommodate the introduction of the beads forming the ion exchange resin A. As a guide, the size of the resin beads is typically between 0.2 mm and 2 mm. To facilitate bead loading, the lateral openings 15 should be at least 3 to 7 times the size of a single bead. It is also advantageous that the platform 21 and the cover 20 include first means 22 for hooking the cover 20 and second means 17 for hooking the platform 21, respectively, so that they can be attached.

[0139] In a first step 110, the cylinder 8 and cover 20 as described above are provided. When the platform 21 is separate from the central well 25 and thus provided separately, the platform 21 is attached to the central well 25 by complementary attachment means 210, 250 if the platform 21 and central well 25 are not assembled.

[0140] In a second step 120, the cover 20 is moved to a position known as the filling position, in which the second means 17 (e.g. the second hooking means) are free and the lateral opening 15 is open so as to access the internal storage cavity 16 for filling. In contrast to the situation in which the second means 17 (e.g. the second hooking means) and the first means 22 (e.g. the first hooking means) are engaged, the second means 17 (e.g. the second hooking means) are considered to be free. During this step, the cylinder 8 is initially preferably arranged vertically so that the first longitudinal end 11 of the body is oriented towards the ground and is therefore closer to the ground than the rest of the cylinder. The cover 20 is then positioned so that the central well 25 is located within the internal storage cavity 16, thereby ensuring that the second means 17 is free and the lateral opening 15 is open. This position is Figure 5a This position is as expected when the protrusion projects radially on the annular rim 12a. In this regard, the platform 21 can be advantageously sized so that the annular rim 12a holds the protrusion 22a when no pressure is applied to the cover 20, i.e., when the cover 20 is simply placed on the cylinder 8.

[0141] In the third step 130, as Figure 5b As shown, the internal storage chamber 16 is filled with ion exchange resin A through the side opening 15. During this step, the cartridge body 8 is preferably held in a vertical position with the first longitudinal end 11 of the body directed toward the ground. Furthermore, the amount of resin A to be loaded is preferably predetermined so that the amount of resin A is suitable for controlling the conductivity of the fluid F, the amount of resin A is suitable for keeping the beads compacted, and the amount of resin A loaded does not prevent the cover 20 from being attached to the cartridge body 8 in the next step.

[0142] In a fourth step, the barrel 8 is closed by the cover 20. In this respect, a simple movement of the cover 20 by pressing it in translation along the longitudinal axis X allows the cover 20 to cooperate with the barrel 8. Advantageously, closing the barrel 8 causes the ion exchange resin A in the internal storage chamber 16 to settle or even compress. This allows ensuring that the beads of resin A remain compacted. During this step, as previously described, the first protrusion 22a engages in the first recess 17a, while the second protrusion 22c engages in the second recess 17c, and the leg 17b engages in the first space 22b. The cover 20 is then in a position known as the use position, in which the second device 17 (e.g., the second hook device) engages with the first device 22 (e.g., the first hook device), and in which the lateral opening 15 is closed by the platform 21.

[0143] While filling the deionizer 1 through the side opening 15 is advantageous, it is not mandatory. The deionizer 1 can be filled by pouring the ion exchange resin A directly into the internal storage chamber 16. However, this variation is less practical than the previous embodiment using the side opening 15 because it requires removing any excess resin A that has penetrated the central well 25 when the central well is inserted into the internal storage chamber 16.

[0144] According to a second aspect, the present invention also relates to a filter 1' for a fluid circuit 50. An example of the fluid circuit 50 is described at the beginning of the detailed description and will not be repeated here. The filter according to the second aspect of the present invention will be described in more detail in the remainder of this specification. The filter 1' can be any type of filter known to those skilled in the art, such as a particle filter (for bacteria, contaminants, etc.) for treating water for aquatic or recreational activities, industrial water, etc. The filter resin A' can take any form known in the industry. Preferably, the filter resin A' is in the form of beads having a size between 0.2 mm and 2 mm.

[0145] The filter 1 ′ comprises a cartridge 8 , which comprises a body 10 and a cover 20 .

[0146] The body 10 has a generally tubular shape along the longitudinal axis X. The body 10 includes a closed first longitudinal end 11 and a second longitudinal end 12 configured to be attached to the cover 20. According to one example of an embodiment of the filter 1', the filter 1' is a fixed filter. In this case, the body 10 includes a fluid inlet port 3 and a fluid outlet port 4, which are directly connected to the fluid circuit 50. Alternatively, the filter 1' is a cartridge filter. In this regard, the filter 1' includes a fluid connection base 2 for fluid connection to the fluid circuit, the fluid connection base 2 including the fluid inlet port 3 and the fluid outlet port 4. In this variant embodiment, the cartridge 8 is configured to be detachably attached to the fluid connection base 2. In this regard, the fluid connection base 2 may include an attachment interface 5 located near the upper edge of the base, to which the cartridge 8 can be attached. The description of the first aspect of the present invention describes in detail how the cartridge 8 is attached to the fluid connection base 2 via this attachment interface 5.

[0147] The body 10 includes an internal storage chamber 16 capable of storing a filter resin A' in an amount suitable for exchange with the fluid F as the fluid F passes through the barrel 8. The filter resin A' is not limited to a particular type of resin. It is suitable for use with the filter 1' according to the second aspect of the present invention. For example, the filter resin A' can be made of one or more decontamination, sterilization, or disinfection materials. In a particular embodiment, the filter resin A' is an ion exchange resin and is therefore suitable for use in a deionizer-type filter 1'.

[0148] The cover 20 is configured to be attached to the second longitudinal end 12 of the body. In this regard, as we will see later, the cover 20 and the barrel 8 can advantageously include complementary hooking devices. The cover 20 includes a platform 21 that alternately opens and closes the second longitudinal end 12 of the body and, together with it, the internal storage cavity 16, since the other end, the first longitudinal end 11 of the body, is closed. According to a preferred embodiment, the platform 21 extends transversely relative to the longitudinal axis X. The platform 21 includes an upper face 21a defined by an outer peripheral edge 21b extending around the longitudinal axis X. Preferably, the upper face 21a has a circular shape and is centered on the longitudinal axis X. Advantageously, the outer peripheral edge 21b has a shape that matches the inner edge of the barrel, thereby allowing it to be as close to the barrel 8 as possible, or even to be in sealing contact with the barrel 8. In this regard, it is advantageous to appropriately select the dimensions of the platform 21 so as to allow precise adjustment of the cover 20 in the barrel 8 once the cover 20 is installed in the barrel.

[0149] In a preferred embodiment, the cover 20 also functions to distribute the fluid F through the filter 1' and the fluid circuit 50. In this regard, the platform 21 may include first orifices 23 configured to allow the fluid F to flow from the internal storage chamber 16 to the fluid outlet port 4. These first orifices 23 are not described in detail; reference is made to the description related to the first aspect of the present invention, which presents other possible characteristics of these first orifices 23. Furthermore, still with respect to the distribution of the fluid F within the filter 1' and the fluid circuit 50, the platform 21 may be connected to a central well 25 having a generally tubular shape extending within the body 10 along the longitudinal axis X. The central well 25 may advantageously include second orifices 27a, 27b, 27c to allow the fluid F to flow from the central well 25 into the internal storage chamber 16. These second orifices 27a, 27b, 27c are not described in detail; reference is made to the description related to the first aspect of the present invention, which presents other possible characteristics of these second orifices.

[0150] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the second longitudinal end 12 of the body includes a lateral opening 15 for the filter resin A'. The lateral opening 15 is used to load the filter resin A' into the internal storage cavity 16. Therefore, these lateral openings 15 are appropriately sized so that the filter resin can be inserted into the internal storage cavity 16 regardless of its shape.

[0151] Still in accordance with the second aspect of the present invention, the cover 20 is configured to be movable translationally along the longitudinal axis X from a filling position, in which the lateral opening 15 is open to allow the internal storage chamber 16 to be filled, to a use position, in which the lateral opening 15 is closed by the cover's platform 21. Thus, when the cover 20 is in the filling position and the lateral opening 15 is open, the filter resin A' can be loaded into the internal storage chamber 16 by any suitable means, whereas when the cover 20 is in the use position and the lateral opening 15 is closed by the platform 21, the internal storage chamber 16 is inaccessible in this manner. Furthermore, in this use position, the second longitudinal end 12 of the body is also closed, with the exception of the lateral opening 15. When the cartridge body 8 reaches this use position, the filter resin A' is advantageously compacted, even compressed, within the internal storage chamber 16, ensuring that the filter resin A' remains compacted within the internal storage chamber.

[0152] The filter 1' according to this second aspect of the present invention overcomes many of the shortcomings of filters in the prior art. In filters based on the prior art, the internal storage cavity can only be loaded / filled via a removable bottom portion of the internal storage cavity. This bottom portion can be compared to a cover, typically consisting of several parts that must first be separated from the filter so that the filter resin can be loaded into the internal storage cavity. Generally speaking, disassembling these parts requires tedious operations that can be particularly complicated. Reassembling these parts in the filter can also be tedious and very complicated. The filter 1' according to the second aspect of the present invention not only allows the internal storage cavity to be easily filled, but also allows the user to subsequently install the cover 20 simply by pressing on it. Therefore, the filter 1' is particularly easy to use. Therefore, the position of the opening 15 (i.e., laterally at the level of the second longitudinal end 12 of the body) is particularly suitable for simple filling, without having to perform complex and extensive operations to assemble or modify the cover 20.

[0153] Example of filter 1' Figures 5a to 5c As shown in Figures 5a to 5c The cover 20 is shown in the filling position ( Figure 5a and Figure 5b ) and in the operating position ( Figure 5c Depending on the configuration of the filter 1', it may be necessary to invert the filter 1' to prevent the filter resin A' from falling out during loading or to apply excessive pressure to the cover 20 during loading. In this regard, the lateral opening 15 does not necessarily need to be located at the level of the second longitudinal end 12 of the body, although this is more practical if it is desired to facilitate complete filling of the internal storage cavity 16 with the filter resin. In a particular embodiment, the barrel 8 includes two diametrically opposed openings 15, which allow the cover 20 to be fully attached to the barrel 8 and facilitate manufacture of the cover.

[0154] According to a third aspect, the present invention also relates to a method 100 for filling a filter 1' according to the second aspect of the present invention. The method 100 according to the third aspect of the present invention comprises the following steps in order:

[0155] 110) A filter 1 ' according to the second aspect of the present invention is provided,

[0156] 120) Place the cover 20 in the filling position,

[0157] 130) Filling the internal storage chamber 16 with filtered resin A' through the side opening 15,

[0158] as well as

[0159] 140) The cylinder 8 is closed by the cover 20.

[0160] The filling method 100 according to the third aspect of the present invention allows to overcome many of the disadvantages of the filling methods known in the prior art. At the end of step 130), since the cover 20 is pre-positioned on the cylinder 8, unlike the methods of the prior art (for example, the method described in document JP-A-2021137771), the internal storage cavity can be filled with the filtered resin A' without the need to use any shielding elements. The implementation of this method using a filter as described above (which includes a cover 20 that leaves the lateral openings 15 open when it is in the filling position and closes these lateral openings 15 when it is in the use position) allows to perform the filling simply with a very small number of operations.

[0161] In this regard, and according to Figure 5a In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG, the cover 20 includes at least one graphic 30 for marking the fill position and the use position. The graphic 30 is arranged such that: in the fill position, the graphic is fully visible, and in the use position, the graphic is partially visible. This allows the user to quickly assess the position of the cover 20 relative to the cartridge 8, which can be particularly useful when multiple fluid circuits 50 need to be serviced. In this case, the reason is displayed as "Not Filled." This is fully visible in the fill position, while in the use position, only the word "Filled" is visible. Thus, the status of the cartridge 8, i.e., filled / not filled, can be quickly identified.

[0162] Furthermore, in the case where the platform 21 is connected to a central well 25 comprising second openings 27a, 27b, 27c, it is advantageous if these second openings are covered with a screen that allows the filtered resin A' to remain outside the central well during the loading process. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the first longitudinal end 28 of the central well is dimensioned so that, when the cover 20 is in the position of use, it is already engaged in the first longitudinal end 11 of the body. This prevents the filtered resin A' from clogging the cover. Unlike the prior art, no additional shielding element is required at the level of the second longitudinal end 12 of the body to prevent the resin A' from penetrating into the central well 25.

[0163] According to a particular embodiment, the platform 21 comprises first means 22 for hooking onto the cartridge 8, and the second longitudinal end 12 of the body comprises second means 17 for hooking onto the platform 21. When the cover 20 is in the filling position, the first means 22 (e.g., first hooking means) and the second means 17 (e.g., second hooking means) are free, whereas when the cover 20 is in the use position, the second means 17 (e.g., second hooking means) engage with the first means 22 (e.g., first hooking means). Thus, during step 140, the cartridge 8 can be closed by the cover by cooperating the second means 17 (e.g., second hooking means) with the first means 22 (e.g., first hooking means), so that when the cover 20 reaches the use position, the second means 17 (e.g., second hooking means) engage with the first means 22 (e.g., first hooking means).

[0164] Preferably, one of the elements selected from the first means 22 (e.g., first hook means) and the second means 17 (e.g., second hook means) comprises protrusions 22a, 22c, while the other of these elements comprises recesses 17a, 17c. Thus, the second means 17 (e.g., second hook means) can be located on the cover 20, while the first means 22 (e.g., first hook means) can be located on the barrel 8, in particular at the level of the second longitudinal end 12 of the body. Regardless of the chosen configuration, the protrusions 22a, 22c are preferably configured to cooperate with the recesses 17a, 17b via a resilient snap fit to ensure the elements are attached together. By fitting into the first recess 17a, the first protrusion 22a allows the cover 20 to be locked angularly relative to the barrel 8, which is particularly advantageous when the cover 20 is in the use position. The same applies when the second protrusion 22c is inserted into the second recess 17c.

[0165] Furthermore, the first protrusion 22a and the second protrusion 22c are each separated by a space 22b, and the second means 17 include a leg 17b that can be inserted into the space 22b so as to longitudinally lock the cover 20 relative to the body 10 when the cover 20 is in the use position. The cooperation of the leg 17b and the space 22b makes it easier to attach the cover 20 to the barrel by preventing the cover 20 from moving along the longitudinal axis X once attached to the barrel. In other words, the cooperation of the leg 17b and the space 22b longitudinally locks the cover 20 relative to the barrel 8.

[0166] While other means of attaching the cover 20 to the barrel 8 are contemplated, the first means 22 (e.g., first hook means) and the second means 17 (e.g., second hook means) as described above allow the cover 20 to be securely fixed to the barrel 8 while allowing easy removal of the cover 20. By pressing the second protrusion 22c (pressed into the second recess 17c, e.g., Figure 5c) applies a pressure exceeding a predetermined threshold value, the cover 20 can be separated from the barrel 8. The stress generated on the cover 20 causes the leg 17b to move away from the space 22b and the first protrusion 22a to move away from the first recess 17a.

[0167] According to a particular embodiment, and as can be seen in the accompanying drawings, the first notch 17a extends from the first annular rim 12a on the inner surface of the body 10. The proximity of the first notch 17a to the first annular rim 12a allows reducing the stress exerted by the cover 20 on the cartridge body 8 when the cover 20 is moved from the filling position to the use position.

[0168] In another particular embodiment, the platform 21 includes a second annular rim protruding from its outer surface, so that in the filling position, the second annular rim abuts the first annular rim 12a. Thus, when the cover 20 reaches the use position, it is retained both by the first means 22 (e.g., first hook means) and the second means 17 (e.g., second hook means), as well as by the second annular rim. The second annular rim also serves as a means for locking the cover 20 in translation relative to the barrel 8. It marks the end of the cover's travel.

[0169] The configurations shown in the drawings are merely possible examples of the invention and are by no means limiting; on the contrary, the invention encompasses all design variants available to a person skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A deionizer (1) for a fluid circuit (50), characterized in that The deionizer (1) comprises: a fluid connection base (2) adapted to be connected to the fluid circuit, the fluid connection base (2) comprising a fluid inlet port (3), a fluid outlet port (4) and an attachment interface (5), and - a cartridge (8), comprising a body (10) and a cover (20), said body (10) being tubular along a longitudinal axis (X) and comprising a first, closed longitudinal end (11) and a second, longitudinal end (12), said second longitudinal end (12) being configured to be attached to said attachment interface (5) of said fluid connection base, said body (10) comprising an internal storage cavity (16) suitable for storing an ion exchange resin (A), said cover (20) being configured to be attached to said second longitudinal end (12) of said body and comprising a platform (21), said platform being connected to a central well (25), The platform (21) extends transversely relative to the longitudinal axis (X) and encloses the second longitudinal end (12) of the body and the internal storage cavity (16), the platform (21) including a first orifice (23) covered by or including a first screen (23a), the first orifice (23) being configured to allow fluid (F) to flow from the internal storage cavity (16) to the fluid outlet port (4), and the first screen being configured to retain the ion exchange resin and prevent the ion exchange resin from leaving the internal storage cavity (16), and The central well (25) extends inside the body (10) and has a tubular shape along a longitudinal axis (X), the central well (25) comprising a closed first longitudinal end (28) and a second longitudinal end (29), the first longitudinal end (28) of the central well being located on the side of the first longitudinal end (11) of the body, the second longitudinal end (29) of the central well being connected to the platform (21) and fluidically connected to the fluid inlet port (3), the central well (25) comprising two adjacent sections (25a, 25b) located between the first longitudinal end (28) and the second longitudinal end (29) of the central well, The upper section (25a) of the two sections is located on the first longitudinal end (28) side of the central well and includes second orifices (27a, 27b, 27c) covered by or including a second screen, the second orifices (27a, 27b, 27c) being configured to allow the fluid (F) to enter the internal storage chamber (16) from the central well (25), and the second screen being configured to retain the ion exchange resin (A) and prevent the ion exchange resin from leaving the internal storage chamber (16), and the lower section (25b) of the two sections is located on the second longitudinal end (29) side of the central well and has no orifices.

2. The deionizer (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The second orifices (27a, 27b, 27c) have increasing diameters (d1, d2, d3) along the longitudinal axis (X), the second orifice (27c) having the largest diameter being close to the first longitudinal end (28) of the central well and the second orifice (27a) having the smallest diameter being away from the first longitudinal end (28) of the central well.

3. The deionizer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The dimensions of the second orifice (27a, 27b, 27c) along the longitudinal axis (X) do not differ by more than 10% from the dimensions of the central well (25) and the fluid inlet port (3) along the transverse axis (Y).

4. The deionizer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The second orifices (27a, 27b, 27c) are angularly distributed around the periphery of the central well (25).

5. The deionizer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The longitudinal dimension of the lower section (25b) is at least equal to the longitudinal dimension of the upper section (25a).

6. The deionizer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The first orifices (23) are evenly distributed around the central well (25), the first orifices having the same diameter or the same transverse dimension.

7. The deionizer (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that The central well (25) comprises four to ten first orifices (23).

8. The deionizer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The platform (21) comprises an upper face (21a) of circular shape, delimited by an outer periphery (21b) extending around the longitudinal axis (X), the outer periphery (21b) having a cylindrical shape matching the inner edge of the second longitudinal end (12) of the barrel, the first orifice (23) being formed in the upper face (21a).

9. The deionizer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that It also includes a drainage cavity (24) formed by the platform (21) and the fluid connection base (2), and the drainage cavity (24) extends around the fluid inlet port (3).

10. The deionizer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The fluid inlet port (3) comprises a connecting channel (7) for connecting the fluid inlet port (3) to the central well (25), the connecting channel (7) being straight and opening at the level of the second longitudinal end (29) of the central well.

11. The deionizer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The fluid connection base (2) comprises a multi-way valve (6) for connecting the deionizer (1) to the fluid circuit (50).

12. The deionizer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The body (10) includes a dome (13) located at the level of the first longitudinal end (11) of the body, the dome being configured to receive the first longitudinal end (28) of the central well, the body (10) also including a vent (13a) and a plug (13b) configured to be attached to the vent (13a), the vent and the plug (13b) being located at the top of the dome.

13. The deionizer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The second longitudinal end (12) of the body comprises first attachment means (14), and wherein the attachment interface (5) comprises second attachment means (5a) complementary to and adapted to cooperate with the first attachment means (14).

14. The deionizer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The platform (21) comprises first means (22) for hooking onto the cartridge (8), and the second longitudinal end (12) of the body comprises an opening (15) for loading the ion exchange resin (A) and second means (17) for hooking onto the platform (21), the cover (20) being configured to move by translation along the longitudinal axis (X) between a filling position and a use position, in which the second means (17) is free and the opening (15) is open, thereby allowing access to the internal storage cavity (16) for filling, and a use position in which the second means (17) is engaged with the first means (22) and the opening (15) is closed by the platform (21).

15. The deionizer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The platform (21) and the central well (25) are integrally formed.

16. The deionizer (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The platform (21) and the central well (25) are separate components.

17. The deionizer (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that The second orifices (27a, 27b, 27c) form an annular row of second orifices (27a, 27b, 27c) around the periphery of the central well (25), the second orifices (27a, 27b, 27c) in the same annular row being angularly spaced apart at an angle of 180°.

18. A fluid circuit (50), characterized in that The fluid circuit is for a vehicle, comprising a fuel cell stack (51), a heat exchanger (54), and a deionizer according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

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