Anti-vibration locking bolt assembly
Through the anti-reversal structure of the spring plate and the limiting groove, the problem of the self-locking structure of the wedge block cannot be disassembled, the reusable use of nuts and the removal efficiency is improved, the equipment maintenance costs are reduced, and the application scope is expanded.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422758717.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-22
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-11-12
AI Technical Summary
The wedge-shaped block self-locking structure cannot be reused during disassembly, resulting in an increase in equipment maintenance costs and limiting its application in areas where frequent disassembly is required.
The anti-reversal structure is adopted in which the spring plate is combined with the limit groove. The removable nut is achieved through the elastic deformation of the spring plate and the insertion into the limit groove. The adaptation of the screw and the auxiliary nut is realized to realize the storage and extension of the spring plate, ensuring the stability of the nut during the tightening and disassembly process.
It realizes the reusable use of nuts, reduces equipment maintenance costs, improves disassembly efficiency, and expands the application range of wedge-shaped block self-locking structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN223257276U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to an anti-vibration and anti-loosening bolt assembly. Background Art
[0002] Bolt connection is a conventional connection method in the field of modern machinery and is widely used in various engineering machinery and steel structure projects, such as bridges, railways, aerospace, buildings, vehicles, machining equipment and other fields. During long-term use, due to the vibration generated by the equipment itself during operation and various vibrations applied to the equipment from the outside, nuts, washers and other fasteners will rotate, causing the connection between the bolts and nuts to loosen, causing the fastened parts to move and resulting in fastening failure. Anti-loosening fasteners have long been a research direction. Among them, the self-locking structure of the wedge block has been widely used and a variety of products have been developed.
[0003] The wedge block self-locking structure is composed of wedge-shaped protrusions arranged on opposite sides of the nut and the gasket. After the nut is tightened, the wedge-shaped protrusions on the nut and the gasket engage with each other to form a self-locking structure. Since the wedge-shaped protrusions are self-locking and have the function of preventing the nut from loosening, the nut cannot be disassembled. When the nut needs to be disassembled, destructive disassembly can only be performed. The guide gasket and nut cannot be reused. The destructive disassembly method also leads to a decrease in disassembly efficiency. Therefore, the wedge block self-locking structure is generally only used in areas that need to be kept tight for a long time and do not require disassembly, and is rarely used in areas with a high number of disassembly times, which limits the scope of use of the wedge block self-locking structure. In addition, destructive disassembly also leads to an increase in equipment maintenance costs. Utility Model Content
[0004] In order to solve the problem in the prior art that the wedge block self-locking structure cannot be disassembled when using the wedge block self-locking structure, the present application discloses an anti-vibration and anti-loosening bolt assembly, which includes a bolt, a main nut and a washer sleeved on the bolt, wherein the central axis of the bolt extends along the first axis direction; the main nut and the washer are arranged adjacent to each other, and the main nut and the washer can be squeezed together, the end surface of the main nut facing the washer forms a first contact surface, and the end surface of the washer facing the main nut forms a second contact surface;
[0005] The gasket is annular and has a plurality of limiting grooves formed thereon. The limiting grooves penetrate the second contact surface along the first axial direction and are evenly spaced along the central axis of the gasket.
[0006] The main nut is provided with a plurality of cavities extending through the first contact surface along a first axial direction. A spring plate is disposed in each cavity, with opposite ends of the spring plate being a fixed end and a free end, respectively. The fixed end of the spring plate is fixed to the inner wall of the cavity. The cavities are evenly spaced along the central axis of the main nut, and the number of the limiting grooves is the same as the number of the cavities. When the central axis of the gasket coincides with the central axis of the main nut, the cavities correspond one-to-one with the limiting grooves, and the spring plates in the cavities are able to extend into the corresponding limiting grooves.
[0007] The free end of the spring plate extends obliquely relative to the first plane, and the oblique direction of the free end is opposite to the screwing direction when the main nut is tightened. The first plane is perpendicular to the first axial direction. In a free state, the free end of the spring plate extends outward from the cavity along the oblique direction. When an external force pushes the free end of the spring plate along the first axial direction, the spring plate can be completely accommodated in the cavity. When the external force is released, the free end of the spring plate can extend outward from the cavity.
[0008] When viewed along the first axis, when the main nut is rotated, each cavity can correspond to a limiting groove, and the spring plate in the cavity can extend into the corresponding limiting groove; when the main nut is tightened in the main nut tightening direction, the spring plate can be accommodated in the cavity under the push of the gasket, and when the spring plate reaches the projection area of the limiting groove in the direction of the first axis, the spring plate can be inserted into the limiting groove, thereby preventing the main nut from rotating reversely;
[0009] Corresponding to each cavity, an adjustment hole extending along the first axial direction is opened on the main nut, one end of the adjustment hole is connected to the corresponding cavity, and the other end of the adjustment hole passes through the end face of the main nut facing away from the first contact face; an adjustment screw is provided in each adjustment hole, one end of the adjustment screw is fixed to the free end of the spring plate, and the other end of the adjustment screw extends out of the end face of the main nut facing away from the first contact face and is screwed with an auxiliary nut. By screwing the auxiliary nut, the spring plate can be put into the cavity, or the free end of the spring plate can be extended out of the cavity.
[0010] In this application, an anti-reversal structure is adopted that cooperates with a spring plate and a limiting groove. During the process of tightening the main nut, the spring plate will be compressed and elastically deformed under the push of the gasket, thereby preventing the spring plate from plastically deforming or cracking, thereby ensuring the integrity of the anti-reversal structure. After the main nut is tightened, the spring plate extends into the limiting groove. When the main nut tends to reverse, the spring plate presses against the inner wall of the limiting groove, thereby preventing the main nut from reversing. When the main nut needs to be removed, the auxiliary nut is screwed, and the adjusting screw is pulled away from the gasket, and the spring plate is retracted into the cavity. The anti-reversal ability of the spring plate on the main nut is eliminated, and the main nut can be unscrewed from the bolt, thereby reusing the main nut and reducing the maintenance cost of the equipment.
[0011] Furthermore, to ensure that the spring plate remains stably within the retaining groove and prevent the main nut from rotating, a resistance surface is provided within the retaining groove. This resistance surface extends along the first axial direction and faces the direction of rotation when the main nut is tightened. The free end of the spring plate can press against this resistance surface to prevent the main nut from rotating. If the tightening direction of the main nut is considered the flow direction of the fluid, the resistance surface is located upstream of the tightening direction of the main nut. Because the resistance surface extends along the first axial direction and the free end of the spring plate extends into the retaining groove at an angle, when the main nut tends to rotate, the spring plate presses against the resistance surface, thereby ensuring that the main nut is prevented from rotating.
[0012] Furthermore, a pad is provided at one end of the main nut away from the first contact surface, and the adjusting screw freely passes through the pad and is screwed with the auxiliary nut, and the auxiliary nut is pressed against the pad;
[0013] The outer circumference of the main nut is provided with a threaded section and a screwing section. The threaded section is located on the side of the screwing section facing away from the first contact surface and is used to screw the main nut. A sleeve nut is screwed onto the threaded section. When viewed along the first axis, the backing plate at least partially covers the sleeve nut, so that when the sleeve nut is screwed away from the first contact surface, it can push the backing plate away from the first contact surface. Screwing the sleeve nut causes the backing plate to reciprocate along the first axis, driving the adjusting screw to reciprocate along the first axis. This design enables the sleeve nut to simultaneously move all adjusting screws away from the gasket, thereby simultaneously storing all spring plates within the cavity, improving operational efficiency.
[0014] Furthermore, the adjusting screw is connected to the spring plate via a universal joint. When the spring plate enters and exits the cavity, the surface orientation of the spring plate changes, thereby changing the extension direction of the adjusting screw. The universal joint can keep the adjusting screw extending along the first axis.
[0015] Specifically, in the direction of the first axis, the spring plate extends 2-3 mm beyond the cavity. When the spring plate freely extends beyond the cavity, the adjusting screw is coaxial with the adjusting hole, and the inner diameter of the adjusting hole is 4-5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the adjusting screw. When the main nut and the washer are pressed against each other, the spring plate extends 2-3 mm into the retaining groove, a height that allows the spring plate to be stably pressed against the inner wall of the adjusting cavity. The inner diameter of the adjusting hole is 4-5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the adjusting screw to accommodate displacement of the adjusting screw perpendicular to the first axial direction caused by the spring plate extending or retracting into the cavity.
[0016] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the limiting groove is an inclined surface, which extends in an oblique direction away from the second contact surface in the opposite direction of the screwing direction when the main nut is tightened. This design can minimize the weakening of the gasket strength caused by the setting of the limiting groove. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top view of .
[0019] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the main nut.
[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Top view of .
[0021] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 The view from the main AA direction.
[0022] Figure 6 This is the view after the pad has been moved away from the spacer.
[0023] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Exploded diagram of . DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] See Figure 1-Figure 7 In the accompanying drawings, the direction of the first arrow Y indicates the direction of the first axis, the direction of the second arrow U indicates the first direction, and the direction of the third arrow D indicates the second direction. Figure 2 In the embodiment, the backing plate and the sleeve nut are removed for clarity, and the first component and the second component are not shown. In this embodiment, the first axis direction extends in the vertical direction, and the first direction is upward, and the second direction is downward.
[0025] A vibration-proof and anti-loosening bolt assembly includes a bolt 10 and a main nut 20 and a washer 31 sleeved on the bolt 10. The central axis of the bolt extends along the first axis direction, that is, the bolt extends in the vertical direction. Figure 1 In the embodiment, the main nut 20 and the washer 31 are both mounted on the bolt 10 and are in a tightened state, i.e., both the main nut 20 and the washer 31 are in a working state. In this embodiment, the bolt 10 includes a main screw 12 and a bolt head 11 integrally formed at one end of the main screw. The bolt 10 extends in a vertical direction, and the central axis of the main nut 20 extends along the first axis.
[0026] The bolt 10 passes through the first component 81 and the second component 82 in sequence from bottom to top in the vertical direction. The first component is located on the lower side of the second component, the bolt head 11 is located on the lower side of the first component, the main nut is screwed on the main screw 12 of the bolt, and the main nut is located on the upper side of the second component. The gasket is annular and is sleeved on the main screw, and the gasket is located between the main nut and the second component.
[0027] The end surface of the main nut 20 facing the washer 31 forms the first contact surface 26, and the end surface of the washer facing the main nut forms the second contact surface 36. The washer is provided with six limiting grooves 32, evenly spaced around the central axis of the washer. The limiting grooves 32 extend upward through the second contact surface 36, that is, they extend along the first axis.
[0028] Six cavities 44 are provided on the main nut 20, evenly spaced about the central axis of the main nut 20. These cavities extend downward through the first contact surface 26, i.e., they extend through the first contact surface along the first axial direction. When the central axis of the gasket coincides with the central axis of the main nut, the cavities correspond one-to-one with the retaining grooves, and the spring plates within the cavities can extend into the corresponding retaining grooves.
[0029] A spring plate 45 is disposed within each cavity 44. The spring plate 45 has two opposing ends, a fixed end 451 and a free end 452. The fixed end 451 of the spring plate is fixed to the inner wall of the cavity. The free end 452 of the spring plate extends downwardly in an inclined direction, and the inclination of the free end is opposite to the direction of tightening when the main nut is tightened. That is, the free end of the spring plate extends at an angle relative to a first plane, and the inclination of the free end is opposite to the direction of tightening when the main nut is tightened. The first plane is perpendicular to the first axial direction. In this embodiment, the first plane is a horizontal plane. The length of the spring plate is controlled to be 3-10 mm, that is, the distance between the end face of the fixed end and the end face of the free end is controlled to be 3-10 mm. The larger the inner diameter of the main nut, the longer the spring plate can be. In this embodiment, the nominal diameter of the main nut is M50, and the length of the spring plate is 5 mm.
[0030] In the free state, the free end of the spring plate extends downwardly from the cavity in an oblique direction. That is, in the free state, the free end of the spring plate extends outwardly from the cavity in an oblique direction. When an external force pushes the free end of the spring plate along the first axis, the spring plate is completely contained within the cavity. When the external force is removed, the free end of the spring plate can extend outward from the cavity.
[0031] There are six limiting grooves and six cavities, and the number of the two is the same. When viewed in the vertical direction, when the main nut is rotated, each cavity can correspond to a limiting groove, and the spring plate in the cavity can extend into the corresponding limiting groove. When the main nut is screwed in the tightening direction of the main nut, the spring plate can be accommodated in the cavity under the push of the gasket, and when the spring plate reaches the top of the limiting groove, the spring plate can be inserted into the limiting groove to prevent the main nut from reversing. That is, when the spring plate reaches the projection area of the limiting groove in the direction of the first axis, the spring plate can be inserted into the limiting groove to prevent the main nut from reversing. The direction of the fourth arrow S in the accompanying drawings indicates the direction of screwing when the main nut is tightened, that is, the direction of the fourth arrow S is the tightening direction of the main nut.
[0032] To ensure the spring plate can be stably retained within the retaining groove, in this embodiment, a resisting surface 34 is provided within the retaining groove 32. This resisting surface extends vertically and faces the direction of rotation when the main nut is tightened. The free end 452 of the spring plate 45 can press against this resisting surface 34 to prevent the main nut 20 from rotating. If the tightening direction of the main nut is considered the flow direction of the fluid, the resisting surface is located upstream of the tightening direction of the main nut.
[0033] The bottom surface 33 of the limiting groove 32 is an inclined surface, which extends downward in the opposite direction of the screwing direction when the main nut is tightened, that is, the bottom surface of the limiting groove 32 extends in the opposite direction of the screwing direction when the main nut is tightened toward the direction away from the second contact surface.
[0034] In this embodiment, an adjustment hole 25 extending along the first axis is formed in the main nut, corresponding to each cavity 44. One end of this adjustment hole communicates with the corresponding cavity 44, and the other end of this adjustment hole extends through the end face of the main nut facing away from the first contact surface, i.e., through the upper end face of the main nut. An adjustment screw 41 is disposed within each adjustment hole. One end of this adjustment screw 41 is fixed to the free end 452 of the spring plate. The other end of this adjustment screw extends beyond the upper end face of the main nut and is screwed onto an auxiliary nut 42. Turning this auxiliary nut can either retract the spring plate into the cavity or extend the free end of the spring plate outward from the cavity. Specifically, in this embodiment, each adjustment screw 41 is connected to the free end of the spring plate via a universal joint 43.
[0035] A pad is provided on the upper end surface of the main nut. A screw hole 52 is opened on the pad corresponding to each adjusting screw 41. The adjusting screw 41 freely passes through the corresponding screw hole and is screwed with the auxiliary nut 42, which is pressed against the pad 51.
[0036] A threaded section 23 and a screwing section 22 are provided on the outer circumference of the main nut 20. The threaded section 23 is located above the screwing section 22, that is, on the side of the screwing section facing away from the first contact surface. The screwing section has a regular hexagonal outer circumference. The main nut 20 can be screwed through the screwing section using a tool such as a wrench. In other words, the screwing section is used to screw the main nut.
[0037] An external thread is provided on the outer circumference of the threaded segment, and a sleeve nut 29 is screwed onto the external thread of the threaded segment. When viewed in a vertical direction, the backing plate completely covers the sleeve nut. The sleeve nut has a regular hexagonal outer circumference, facilitating tightening of the sleeve nut using a wrench or other tool. It is understood that in other embodiments, the backing plate may only partially cover the sleeve nut, that is, when viewed along the first axis, the backing plate at least partially covers the sleeve nut, so that when the sleeve nut is tightened away from the first contact surface, the backing plate can be pushed away from the first contact surface. When the sleeve nut is tightened, the backing plate can reciprocate along the first axis, driving the adjusting screw to reciprocate along the first axis.
[0038] In this embodiment, the spring plate extends 2.5 mm beyond the cavity in the direction of the first axis. That is, when the main nut and the washer are pressed against each other, the spring plate extends 2.5 mm into the retaining groove 32. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the spring plate may extend 2 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.7 mm, 3 mm, or any other value between 2 and 3 mm.
[0039] When the adjusting screw 41 drives the free end of the spring plate to move upward and the spring plate is accommodated in the cavity, the connection point between the recovery adjusting screw and the spring plate produces a small displacement in the horizontal direction, thereby driving the adjusting screw to produce a small displacement in the horizontal direction.
[0040] When the spring plate extends freely out of the cavity, the adjusting screw 41 is coaxially arranged with the adjusting hole 25, and the inner diameter of the adjusting hole is 4 mm larger than the outer diameter of the adjusting screw. It is understood that in other embodiments, the inner diameter of the adjusting hole can be 4.3 mm, 4.6 mm, or 5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the adjusting screw, or any other value between 4 and 5 mm.
[0041] When it is necessary to use the anti-vibration and anti-loosening bolt assembly of this embodiment to connect the first component and the second component together, the following steps are used:
[0042] (1.1) Insert the bolt through the first component and the second component in sequence from bottom to top, then place the gasket on the main screw of the bolt, and then screw the main nut onto the main screw, with the gasket located between the second component and the main nut; the gasket's limit groove faces the main nut, and the main nut's cavity faces the gasket.
[0043] (1.2) Tighten the main nut in the tightening direction until the tightening torque of the main nut reaches the set torque range and each spring plate is inserted into a limit groove, completing the tightening of the main nut.
[0044] When the auxiliary nut needs to be removed, follow these steps:
[0045] (2.1) Twist the auxiliary nut away from the gasket to move the adjusting screw away from the gasket, thereby receiving the spring plate in the cavity. It is understood that in another embodiment, the sleeve nut may be twisted away from the gasket, and the sleeve nut may be used to push the gasket away from the gasket, thereby driving the adjusting screw to move away from the gasket, thereby receiving the spring plate in the cavity.
[0046] In the process of keeping the main nut tight, due to vibration and other reasons, the main nut may be reversed, causing the spring plate to press against the resistance surface 34, resulting in mutual extrusion between the spring plate and the resistance surface, thereby limiting the continuous reversal of the main nut. Therefore, when the spring plate is received into the cavity, there will be a large resistance between the spring plate and the resistance surface. In order to reduce this resistance, in this embodiment, before screwing the auxiliary nut or the sleeve nut, the main nut is first screwed a small amount in the tightening direction to move the spring plate in the circumferential direction by 0.1-0.2mm, so that a slight gap is generated between the spring plate and the resistance surface, eliminating the mutual extrusion between the spring plate and the resistance surface, and then the auxiliary nut or the sleeve nut is screwed, so that the spring plate can be received into the cavity more easily.
[0047] (2.2) Remove the main nut by turning it in the opposite direction of the tightening direction.
[0048] Of course, even if the main nut is not screwed a small amount in the tightening direction in advance, the spring plate can be received into the cavity by only screwing the auxiliary nut or sleeve nut, but a larger torque is required when screwing the auxiliary nut or sleeve nut.
Claims
1. A vibration-proof and anti-loosening bolt assembly, characterized in that: The invention comprises a bolt, a main nut and a washer sleeved on the bolt, wherein the central axis of the bolt extends along the first axis direction; the main nut and the washer are arranged adjacent to each other and can be squeezed together, the end surface of the main nut facing the washer forms a first contact surface, and the end surface of the washer facing the main nut forms a second contact surface; The gasket is annular and has a plurality of limiting grooves formed thereon. The limiting grooves penetrate the second contact surface along the first axial direction and are evenly spaced along the central axis of the gasket. The main nut is provided with a plurality of cavities extending through the first contact surface along a first axial direction. A spring plate is disposed in each cavity, with opposite ends of the spring plate being a fixed end and a free end, respectively. The fixed end of the spring plate is fixed to the inner wall of the cavity. The cavities are evenly spaced along the central axis of the main nut, and the number of the limiting grooves is the same as the number of the cavities. When the central axis of the gasket coincides with the central axis of the main nut, the cavities correspond one-to-one with the limiting grooves, and the spring plates in the cavities are able to extend into the corresponding limiting grooves. The free end of the spring plate extends obliquely relative to the first plane, and the inclination direction of the free end is opposite to the screwing direction when the main nut is tightened. The first plane is perpendicular to the first axial direction. In the free state, the free end of the spring plate extends outward from the cavity along the oblique direction. When an external force pushes the free end of the spring plate along the first axis, the spring plate can be completely accommodated in the cavity; when the external force is removed, the free end of the spring plate can extend out of the cavity; When viewed along the first axis, when the main nut is rotated, each cavity can correspond to a limiting groove, and the spring plate in the cavity can extend into the corresponding limiting groove; when the main nut is tightened in the main nut tightening direction, the spring plate can be accommodated in the cavity under the push of the gasket, and when the spring plate reaches the projection area of the limiting groove in the direction of the first axis, the spring plate can be inserted into the limiting groove, thereby preventing the main nut from rotating reversely; Corresponding to each cavity, an adjustment hole extending along the first axial direction is opened on the main nut, one end of the adjustment hole is connected to the corresponding cavity, and the other end of the adjustment hole passes through the end face of the main nut facing away from the first contact face; an adjustment screw is provided in each adjustment hole, one end of the adjustment screw is fixed to the free end of the spring plate, and the other end of the adjustment screw extends out of the end face of the main nut facing away from the first contact face and is screwed with an auxiliary nut. By screwing the auxiliary nut, the spring plate can be put into the cavity, or the free end of the spring plate can be extended out of the cavity.
2. The anti-vibration and anti-loosening bolt assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: A resistance surface is provided in the limiting groove, which extends along the first axis direction and faces the screwing direction when the main nut is tightened. The free end of the spring plate can press against the resistance surface to prevent the main nut from reversing.
3. The anti-vibration and anti-loosening bolt assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pad is provided at one end of the main nut away from the first contact surface, and the adjusting screw freely passes through the pad and then is screwed with the auxiliary nut, and the auxiliary nut is pressed against the pad; A threaded section and a screwing section are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main nut, wherein the threaded section is located on the side of the screwing section away from the first contact surface, and the screwing section is used to screw the main nut; a sleeve nut is screwed on the threaded section, and when viewed along the first axis direction, the pad at least partially covers the sleeve nut, so that when the sleeve nut is screwed in the direction away from the first contact surface, the pad can be pushed to move in the direction away from the first contact surface; screwing the sleeve nut can make the pad move back and forth along the first axis direction, and drive the adjusting screw to move back and forth along the first axis direction.
4. The anti-vibration and anti-loosening bolt assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting screw is connected to the spring plate via a universal joint.
5. The anti-vibration and anti-loosening bolt assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the first axial direction, the height of the spring plate extending out of the cavity is 2-3 mm. When the spring plate freely extends out of the cavity, the adjusting screw and the adjusting hole are coaxially arranged, and the inner diameter of the adjusting hole is 4-5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the adjusting screw.
6. The anti-vibration and anti-loosening bolt assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the limiting groove is an inclined surface, and the bottom surface extends obliquely in a direction opposite to the screwing direction when the main nut is tightened, toward a direction away from the second contact surface.