Heading machine and cutter head thereof

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of tunneling, and particularly provides a tunneling machine and a cutterhead thereof. The heading machine cutterhead comprises a front panel, a back plate and a slag sliding plate, a standby slag inlet opening allowing muck to penetrate through the front panel is formed in the front panel, standby slag discharging openings allowing muck in a cavity to be discharged are formed in the surrounding plate and the back plate, the standby slag discharging openings and the slag sliding plate are staggered in position, and the heading machine cutterhead is further provided with a sealing plate. The sealing plate is used for being installed at the corresponding position so as to block the standby slag inlet opening and the standby slag outlet opening, and the sealing plate is detached from the corresponding position in the earth pressure mode. The heading machine comprises the heading machine cutterhead. When the open mode is switched to the earth pressure mode, the coaming and the slag sliding plate do not need to be completely dismantled, and convenience and high efficiency are achieved. For the sealing plate at the position of the standby slag inlet opening, the sealing plate is used for sealing the opening and is not mainly stressed, the position does not become a weak point of the cutterhead, and the cutterhead still has higher strength when the hard rock stratum is tunneled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of tunnel boring, in particular to a tunnel boring machine and a cutter head thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of underground space, construction often encounters complex strata with varying geological characteristics. A single tunnel may have to traverse a variety of strata, including hard rock, soft soil, and muddy water. Conventional TBMs, Earth Pressure Balance Shields (EPBs), and Slurry Shields are only suitable for a single geological condition. Early experience dictated that construction be segmented and tailored to the specific geological conditions. This, however, significantly increased costs.

[0003] To address these issues, dual-mode or multi-mode TBMs with two or three tunneling modes have begun to emerge in the prior art. These modes can be switched within the tunnel depending on the ground conditions. For dual-mode earth pressure / open mode TBMs, the invention patent application with publication number CN110145321A provides a mode switching method for an earth pressure / open mode TBM. When switching from open mode to earth pressure mode, the cutterhead involves removing the slag chute, slag plate, and slag retaining plate from the soil bin. When switching from earth pressure mode to open mode, the slag chute, slag plate, and slag retaining plate are reinstalled in their corresponding positions. The invention patent application with application publication number CN102926761A discloses a dual-mode cutterhead suitable for the construction of long-distance and large-slope inclined shaft tunnels. The dual-mode cutterhead is a box-type structure as a whole, including a cutterhead body (front panel) with a box (box-type) structure. A circle of cone plates is provided on the outer edge of the back of the cutterhead body. The cone plates, the cutterhead body and the back plate form a cavity for the entry of slag. Several slag chutes are provided in the cavity. When converting from the open mode to the soil pressure mode, the slag chutes, cone plates, etc. need to be removed.

[0004] From the analysis of the above patent application, it can be seen that when the open mode is converted to the earth pressure mode, in order to ensure the normal flow of the slag, the conventional technical means used in the prior art is to completely remove the slag chute, cone plate and other structures. However, the actual space in the earth bin is limited, and the workload of removing the complete slag chute, cone plate and other structures is huge, which is inconvenient for on-site staff to operate.

[0005] The invention patent application with application publication number CN116006196A discloses a geologically adaptive cutterhead device for a dual-mode tunnel boring machine. The cutterhead device includes a cutterhead panel with a fan-shaped slot provided thereon. A movable cutterhead is mounted within the fan-shaped slot. The movable cutterhead is hinged to the cutterhead panel. A hydraulic cylinder is connected between the cutterhead panel and the movable cutterhead, and the hydraulic cylinder controls the swinging of the movable cutterhead. When switching to earth pressure mode, the movable cutterhead can be controlled to swing backward, thereby opening the fan-shaped slot to allow soil to enter the soil bin, thereby increasing the cutterhead opening ratio (i.e., the percentage of the projected area of ​​the cutterhead slag inlet to the cutterhead excavation area). When switching to open mode, the movable cutterhead can be controlled to swing forward and bolted to the cutterhead panel to reduce the cutterhead opening ratio.

[0006] However, the function of the movable cutterhead in the cutterhead device in the above-mentioned patent application is to adjust the cutterhead opening rate. When excavating in hard rock formations, the actual cutterhead will be subjected to great impact. Since a roller is installed on the movable cutterhead, the impact will directly act on the movable cutterhead, and the connection point between the movable cutterhead and the cutterhead panel becomes a weak point. The actual strength of the cutterhead device is relatively low, and it is difficult to use for excavation in formations dominated by hard rock geology. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a roadheader cutterhead to solve the technical problems of large workload and insufficient strength when changing molds of dual-mode cutterheads in the prior art. The purpose of the present invention is also to provide a roadheader to solve the same technical problems.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the tunnel boring machine cutter head provided by the present invention is:

[0009] A tunnel boring machine cutterhead comprises a front panel, a back panel and a slag chute. The front panel is provided with a plurality of roller cutter mounting points for mounting roller cutters. A surrounding panel is connected between the front panel and the back panel. The surrounding panel, the front panel and the back panel are assembled to form a cavity for slag to enter. A spare slag inlet opening is provided on the front panel for slag to pass through the front panel. Spare slag discharge openings are provided on the surrounding panel and the back panel for slag in the cavity to be discharged backward. The spare slag discharge opening is staggered with the slag chute. The tunnel boring machine cutterhead is also provided with a sealing plate. In the open mode, the sealing plate is used to be installed in the corresponding position to block the spare slag inlet opening and the spare slag discharge opening. In the soil pressure mode, the sealing plate is removed from the corresponding position.

[0010] As a further improvement, when the sealing plate is installed in the corresponding position, the opening rate of the cutter disc is 6%-12%.

[0011] As a further improvement, after the cover plate is removed, the opening rate of the cutter disc is 16%-25%.

[0012] As a further improvement, the front panel includes a central block and a plurality of side blocks, and the spare slag inlet opening is arranged on the central block.

[0013] As a further improvement, the cutter installation points of the center block are arranged in a "M" shape, and the spare slag inlet opening is inserted between two adjacent rows of cutter installation points.

[0014] As a further improvement, the spare slag inlet opening is a fan-shaped opening, and the arc surface of the spare slag inlet opening faces the center of the cutter disc.

[0015] As a further improvement, the front panel is a box-type structure including two or more layers of box panels arranged front to back and rib panels connected between two adjacent layers of box panels.

[0016] As a further improvement, the inner walls of the spare slag inlet opening and the spare slag discharge opening are provided with rounded corner structures.

[0017] As a further improvement, the sealing plate and the corresponding position are connected by bolts.

[0018] The present utility model belongs to an improved invention, and its beneficial effects are as follows: the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine in the present utility model is provided with a spare slag inlet opening and a spare slag discharge opening, which can be used for a dual-mode tunnel boring machine. In the open mode, the spare slag inlet opening and the spare slag discharge opening are both blocked by sealing plates, wherein for the front panel, the position of the sealing plate is not the main force position, and therefore does not seriously reduce the overall strength of the cutter head. For the enclosure and back panel, the sealing plate blocks the slag discharge opening to ensure that the slag in the cavity is scooped up by the slag chute and falls smoothly onto the central belt conveyor, ensuring the normal slag discharge in the open mode. In the soil pressure mode, after the sealing plate is removed, the spare slag inlet opening is opened, which increases the opening rate of the cutter head. At the same time, the slag discharge opening is opened so that the slag in the cavity can be discharged from the cavity, and flows stably under the stirring action of the slag chute, and is discharged outwardly by the screw conveyor, ensuring the normal slag discharge in the soil pressure mode. Compared to existing technologies, switching modes does not require the complete removal of the enclosure and slag chute; instead, only the pre-reserved enclosure plates need to be removed, resulting in greater convenience and efficiency. Furthermore, the overall cutterhead structure does not require significant adjustments, and the enclosure plate position is not the primary stress point, ensuring sufficient strength for the cutterhead during excavation in hard rock formations.

[0019] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the tunnel boring machine provided by the present invention is:

[0020] A tunnel boring machine comprises a cutterhead, which comprises a front panel, a back panel, and a slag chute. The front panel is provided with a plurality of roller cutter mounting points for mounting roller cutters. A surrounding panel is connected between the front panel and the back panel. The surrounding panel, the front panel and the back panel are assembled to form a cavity for slag to enter. A spare slag inlet opening is provided on the front panel for slag to pass through the front panel. Spare slag discharge openings are provided on the surrounding panel and the back panel for slag in the cavity to be discharged backward. The spare slag discharge opening is staggered with the slag chute. The tunnel boring machine cutterhead is also provided with a sealing plate. In open mode, the sealing plate is used to be installed in the corresponding position to block the spare slag inlet opening and the spare slag discharge opening. In soil pressure mode, the sealing plate is removed from the corresponding position.

[0021] As a further improvement, when the sealing plate is installed in the corresponding position, the opening rate of the cutter disc is 6%-12%.

[0022] As a further improvement, after the cover plate is removed, the opening rate of the cutter disc is 16%-25%.

[0023] As a further improvement, the front panel includes a central block and a plurality of side blocks, and the spare slag inlet opening is arranged on the central block.

[0024] As a further improvement, the cutter installation points of the center block are arranged in a "M" shape, and the spare slag inlet opening is inserted between two adjacent rows of cutter installation points.

[0025] As a further improvement, the spare slag inlet opening is a fan-shaped opening, and the arc surface of the spare slag inlet opening faces the center of the cutter disc.

[0026] As a further improvement, the front panel is a box-type structure including two or more layers of box panels arranged front to back and rib panels connected between two adjacent layers of box panels.

[0027] As a further improvement, the inner walls of the spare slag inlet opening and the spare slag discharge opening are provided with rounded corner structures.

[0028] As a further improvement, the sealing plate and the corresponding position are connected by bolts.

[0029] The present utility model belongs to an improved invention, and its beneficial effects are as follows: the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine in the present utility model is provided with a spare slag inlet opening and a spare slag discharge opening, which can be used for a dual-mode tunnel boring machine. In the open mode, the spare slag inlet opening and the spare slag discharge opening are both blocked by sealing plates, wherein for the front panel, the position of the sealing plate is not the main force position, and therefore does not seriously reduce the overall strength of the cutter head. For the enclosure and back panel, the sealing plate blocks the slag discharge opening to ensure that the slag in the cavity is scooped up by the slag chute and falls smoothly onto the central belt conveyor, ensuring the normal slag discharge in the open mode. In the soil pressure mode, after the sealing plate is removed, the spare slag inlet opening is opened, which increases the opening rate of the cutter head. At the same time, the slag discharge opening is opened so that the slag in the cavity can be discharged from the cavity, and flows stably under the stirring action of the slag chute, and is discharged outwardly by the screw conveyor, ensuring the normal slag discharge in the soil pressure mode. Compared to existing technologies, switching modes does not require the complete removal of the enclosure and slag chute; instead, only the pre-reserved enclosure plates need to be removed, resulting in greater convenience and efficiency. Furthermore, the overall cutterhead structure does not require significant adjustments, and the enclosure plate position is not the primary stress point, ensuring sufficient strength for the cutterhead during excavation in hard rock formations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a tunnel boring machine cutter head in the present utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a spare slag discharge opening of a cutterhead of a roadheader according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the front panel of an embodiment of a tunnel boring machine cutter head in the present utility model;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the spare slag inlet opening in the embodiment of the tunnel boring machine cutter head in the present utility model when it is blocked by a sealing plate;

[0034] Figure 5 This is an axonometric view of an embodiment of a tunnel boring machine cutter head in the present invention.

[0035] Description of reference numerals:

[0036] 1. Front panel; 2. Cone plate; 3. Back plate; 4. Spare slag inlet opening; 5. Spare slag discharge opening; 6. Closing plate; 7. Connecting bolts; 8. Slag chute plate; 101. Box plate; 102. Center block; 103. Side block; 104. Hob mounting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] To address the issues of insufficient excavation strength in open-mode cutterheads and inconvenient tool change operations in dual-mode tunnel boring machines, the basic technical concept of this utility model is to provide a reserve slag inlet opening on the front panel of the cutterhead. This allows for a larger cutterhead opening ratio in earth pressure mode, ensuring proper flow of slag. Furthermore, reserve slag discharge openings are provided on the back panel and enclosure of the cutterhead to facilitate smooth slag discharge in earth pressure mode, creating a stable soil plug effect. This utility model is further described in detail below, combined with examples.

[0038] The specific embodiment of the tunnel boring machine cutter head provided by the utility model is as follows:

[0039] The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine provided in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, this is a panel-type cutterhead, specifically comprising a front panel 1, a back panel 3, a cone plate 2, and a slag plate 8. The back panel 3 is connected to the main drive of the tunnel boring machine. The front panel 1 is provided with multiple cutter mounting points for mounting cutters. These cutters can be installed at these points for rock breaking. Back-mounting is the most common method for mounting cutters. Accordingly, the cutter mounting points are formed by cutter mounting holes 104 provided on the front panel 1. The cone plate 2 is connected between the front panel 1 and the back panel 3 to form a complete cavity (conical cavity) for the entry of slag in the open mode. Specifically, for cutterheads with smaller diameters, the cone plate 2 can be a complete annular cone plate, with its front and rear ends connected to the front panel 1 and back panel 3, respectively. For cutterheads with larger diameters, multiple cone plates 2 are preferably used, which are assembled to form the cavity. The slag chute 8 is installed in the cavity. In the open mode, the slag entering the cavity can be shoveled up by the slag chute 8 and slide along the slag chute 8 to the main conveyor belt at the center position, and the slag is transported backward by the main conveyor belt. The principles of slag discharge in each mode are all existing technologies and will not be elaborated here.

[0040] It should be noted that the cone plate 2 primarily connects the front panel 1 and the back panel 3, and together with the front panel 1 and the back panel 3, forms a cavity. Since the diameter of the back panel 3 is smaller than that of the front panel 1, the cavity thus enclosed is a conical structure, effectively acting as a surrounding plate. In other embodiments, the surrounding plate can also be made of plates of other shapes, such as stepped plates, which can still function as connecting the front panel 1 and the back panel 3 and forming a cavity together with the front panel 1 and the back panel 3.

[0041] like Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a spare slag inlet opening 4 is provided on the front panel 1. In the soil pressure mode, the spare slag inlet opening 4 allows slag to pass through the front panel 1 and enter the cavity. Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, the cone plate 2 and back plate 3 are equipped with reserve slag discharge openings 5. In earth pressure mode, these allow the slag in the cavity to be discharged, thereby increasing the cutterhead's opening ratio. The cutterhead is also equipped with sealing plates 6. In open mode, these sealing plates 6 are connected to the corresponding reserve slag inlet openings 4 and reserve slag discharge openings 5 ​​to seal them. In earth pressure mode, these sealing plates 6 need to be removed from their corresponding positions. Furthermore, the position of the reserve slag discharge openings 5 ​​is offset from that of the slag chute 8.

[0042] Analysis of the above structure reveals that the cutterhead of this embodiment can still be used in both open and earth pressure dual-mode tunnel boring machines. When switching from open mode to earth pressure mode, only the corresponding sealing plates need to be removed, without completely removing the cone plate 2 and slag plate 8, resulting in greater convenience and efficiency. Furthermore, during slag discharge in earth pressure mode, the slag plate 8 also serves to agitate the slag, ensuring a stable flow. The sealing plate 6 at the standby slag inlet opening 4 serves only to seal the opening and is not a primary force bearer. This location does not constitute a weak point on the cutterhead, ensuring the cutterhead maintains high strength when tunneling in hard rock formations (i.e., in open mode).

[0043] Specifically, when the cover plate is installed in the corresponding position, the cutterhead opening ratio can be in the range of 6%-12%. For example, the cutterhead opening ratio can be any value among 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 12%, or any intermediate value within the above ranges. Within this preferred range of the cutterhead opening ratio, the cutterhead can advance a longer distance in strong hard rock formations without affecting slag discharge in the open mode.

[0044] Furthermore, after the cover plate is removed, the opening rate of the cutter disc may be in the range of 16%-25%. For example, the opening rate of the cutter disc may be any value among 16%, 16.5%, 17%, 17.5%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 20.5%, 21%, 21.5%, 22%, 23%, 24%, and 25%. Or it may be any intermediate value within the numerical range not mentioned above. This preferred range ensures the smooth entry of the slag and basically eliminates the risk of mud cake, while making the front panel 1 have a higher strength as a whole. It should be noted that this range is actually still lower than the cutter disc opening rate of a general earth pressure balance shield machine (usually 30%-40%).

[0045] like Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, the front panel 1 is a block structure, specifically a block structure including a center block 102 and multiple side blocks 103. The figure shows an example of a structure with four side blocks 103, but those skilled in the art should understand that the number of side blocks 103 can also be other values ​​depending on the structure of the center block 102 and the side blocks 103. Each side block 103 is connected to the center block 102, and two adjacent side blocks 103 are also connected. The connection here can be welded or bolted. The spare slag inlet opening 4 is set on the center block 102. First, due to the low linear speed at the center position, more rollers will be installed at the center position. In fact, the slag inlet that is normally open in the soil pressure / open mode is rarely arranged at the center block 102. This just avoids the problem of unfavorable slag discharge that may occur at this position. Secondly, the strength of the center block 102 is relatively high, which further reduces the impact of setting the spare slag inlet opening 4 on the strength of the cutterhead.

[0046] Of course, in other embodiments, the front panel 1 is not excluded from being an integral panel, and the spare slag inlet opening 4 can be arranged at the center or edge of the front panel 1 .

[0047] In a more preferred embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the cutter mounting points (cutter mounting holes 104) on the center block 102 are arranged in a "M" shape, with the spare slag inlet opening 4 interposed between two adjacent rows of cutter mounting points. This way, during excavation in open mode, the cutters mounted at the cutter mounting points on either side of the spare slag inlet opening 4 are the primary load points, protecting the sealing plates 6 at these locations. In earth pressure mode, when the spare slag inlet opening 4 is opened, slag can enter through it, preventing the formation of a mud cake between adjacent rows of cutters.

[0048] Of course, in other embodiments, the cutter installation points may also be arranged in a spiral shape, randomly, etc., and accordingly, the spare slag inlet openings 4 may also be arranged in a spiral shape or randomly on the front panel.

[0049] In a further preferred embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the spare slag inlet opening 4 is a fan-shaped structure, that is, a fan-shaped opening with the arc surface facing the center of the cutter head. In this way, the space between the installation points of two adjacent rows of hobs can be fully utilized to open a larger spare slag inlet opening 4 as much as possible.

[0050] Of course, in other embodiments, other forms such as circular openings, elliptical openings, and rectangular openings are not excluded.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, in order to ensure that the front panel 1 has sufficient strength and avoid the front panel 1 being too heavy, the front panel 1 is a box-shaped structure. Figure 1In the illustrated front panel 1, the box-shaped structure includes two layers of box panels 101 arranged front and back, with a rib connecting the two adjacent layers of box panels 101. Of course, in other embodiments, for a front panel 1 still having a box-shaped structure, the box panels 101 may include three or more layers.

[0052] In addition, in order to facilitate the disassembly and installation of the sealing plate 6 and reduce the hot work in the hole, such as Figure 4 As shown, the sealing plate 6 is bolted to the corresponding position of the spare slag inlet opening 4, that is, the sealing plate 6 is connected to the corresponding position using connecting bolts 7. Similarly, the sealing plate 6 can also be connected to the corresponding position at the spare slag discharge opening 5 using connecting bolts 7. To facilitate connection, ear plates or other structures can be pre-installed at the corresponding positions.

[0053] In other embodiments, the sealing plate 6 can also be welded at the corresponding position, and when it needs to be removed, the sealing plate 6 can be cut off. In addition, in the case of welding, the strength of the connection position of the sealing plate 6 is higher.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the inner walls of the spare slag inlet opening 4 and the spare slag discharge opening 5 are further provided with rounded corner structures, which can avoid stress concentration problems at the corner positions and improve the stress at the spare slag inlet opening 4 and the spare slag discharge opening 5.

[0055] Specific embodiment of the tunnel boring machine in the utility model:

[0056] The tunnel boring machine includes the tunnel boring machine cutter head described in the embodiment, and the remaining structure can be consistent with the dual-mode tunnel boring machine in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments without inventive effort, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine cutterhead, comprising a front panel, a back panel, and a slag chute. The front panel is provided with a plurality of cutter mounting points for mounting cutters. A panel is connected between the front panel and the back panel. The panel, the front panel, and the back panel are assembled to form a cavity for the slag to enter. The cutterhead is characterized in that: The front panel is provided with a spare slag inlet opening for the slag to pass through the front panel, and the enclosure and back panel are provided with spare slag discharge openings for the slag in the cavity to be discharged to the rear. The spare slag discharge openings are staggered with the slag chute. The tunnel boring machine cutter head is also equipped with a sealing plate. In the open mode, the sealing plate is used to be installed in the corresponding position to block the spare slag inlet opening and the spare slag discharge opening. In the soil pressure mode, the sealing plate is removed from the corresponding position.

2. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the sealing plate is installed in the corresponding position, the opening rate of the cutter disc is 6%-12%.

3. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: After the cover is removed, the opening rate of the cutter disc is 16%-25%.

4. The cutterhead of a roadheader according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The front panel comprises a central block and a plurality of side blocks, and the spare slag inlet opening is arranged on the central block.

5. The cutter head of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hob installation points of the center block are arranged in a "M" shape, and the spare slag inlet opening is inserted between two adjacent rows of hob installation points.

6. The cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The standby slag inlet opening is a fan-shaped opening, and the arc surface of the standby slag inlet opening faces the center of the cutter head.

7. The cutterhead of a roadheader according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The front panel is a box-shaped structure including two or more layers of box panels arranged front to back and a rib plate connected between two adjacent layers of box panels.

8. The cutterhead of a roadheader according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The inner walls of the spare slag inlet opening and the spare slag discharge opening are provided with rounded corner structures.

9. The cutterhead of a roadheader according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The sealing plate and the corresponding position are connected by bolts.

10. A tunnel boring machine comprising a cutterhead, characterized in that: The cutterhead is a tunnel boring machine cutterhead as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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