Lithium ion battery thermal runaway fault simulation experiment device
By installing airbag plates and pressure detectors on the surface of lithium-ion batteries and combining with a variety of monitoring equipment, the problem of unintuitive expansion degree detection in the thermal runaway experiment of lithium-ion batteries is solved, real-time and accurate monitoring and data collection of the thermal runaway process of lithium-ion batteries is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422178157.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-26
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-05
AI Technical Summary
In the existing thermal runaway failure simulation experiments of lithium-ion batteries, the expansion degree detection is not intuitive, and it is impossible to monitor the changes in the surface pressure of the battery in real time. The experimental methods have limitations in the simulation authenticity and accuracy.
A experimental device for thermal runaway failure simulation of lithium-ion batteries was designed. By installing airbag plates on the surface of the battery and equipped with pressure detectors and temperature detectors, combined with the deformation of the airbag plates, the expansion changes of the battery are monitored in real time, and different environmental conditions are simulated through mechanical collisions, heating devices, etc., and multi-parameter real-time monitoring is carried out in combination with weighing, gas chromatographs and other equipment.
Real-time and intuitive monitoring of the thermal runaway process of lithium-ion batteries is achieved, the accuracy and reliability of experimental results are enhanced, and fire parameters can be better collected and data support for the fire development process.
Smart Images
Figure CN223272650U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway experiments, and in particular to a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fault simulation experiment device. Background Art
[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various electronic devices, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems due to their high energy density and excellent performance. However, their safety issues are receiving increasing attention. Thermal runaway is a serious safety hazard facing lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries may experience thermal runaway under abnormal conditions such as electrical abuse, thermal abuse, and mechanical abuse. Excessive internal pressure in the battery can cause the shell to rupture, making it impossible to directly determine the battery's ignition point from the surface, leading to safety accidents such as fires and even explosions. Simulating the thermal runaway process of lithium-ion batteries and extracting the thermal runaway fire parameters of lithium-ion batteries can directly or indirectly witness the development and spread of fires.
[0003] Currently, there are a number of research and experimental methods for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway. Most lithium-ion battery thermal runaway test devices mainly realize thermal runaway simulation, early warning and other functions. However, existing research methods and experimental means still have certain limitations in terms of the authenticity and accuracy of simulating thermal runaway failures, and cannot meet the requirements of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway failure simulation experiments to collect and extract thermal runaway fire parameters. This includes the change in expansion degree during the thermal runaway process of lithium-ion batteries. Existing expansion degree change experiments use photography to record the battery deformation process. This method can only detect the degree of battery expansion from the appearance, but cannot detect the pressure changes that cause this deformation, and cannot intuitively display the force magnitude of the battery expansion process. Utility Model Content
[0004] The utility model provides a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fault simulation experiment device to solve the problems in the prior art of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fault simulation experiments that the expansion degree detection is not intuitive and the battery surface pressure change cannot be detected.
[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions:
[0006] A lithium-ion battery thermal runaway failure simulation experimental device includes an experimental component, a monitoring component and a control center. The experimental component includes an experimental box, an experimental battery installed in the experimental box, an overcharging device electrically connected to the experimental battery, and an airbag plate installed on the surface of the experimental battery. The monitoring component includes a pressure detector and a temperature detector installed on the airbag plate, and the pressure detector and the temperature detector are both connected to the control center signal.
[0007] The utility model installs an airbag plate on the surface of the experimental battery to transmit the pressure changes and temperature changes on the surface of the experimental battery to the airbag plate, then uses a pressure detector to detect the stress of the airbag plate, and a temperature detector to detect the temperature change. Combined with the deformation of the airbag plate, the expansion degree of the experimental battery is obtained. Therefore, the expansion degree change of the experimental battery during the experiment can be reflected in real time, and the experimental results are clearer and more intuitive.
[0008] Furthermore, the experimental assembly also includes a mechanical collision device installed in the experimental box, the mechanical collision device including a telescopic column, and the experimental battery is located in the telescopic path of the telescopic column. The telescopic column squeezes the experimental battery to simulate thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery under collision and compression conditions.
[0009] Furthermore, the experimental assembly also includes a heating device for heating the experimental battery, and the heating device is installed below the experimental battery. By changing the external temperature of the experimental battery, various operating temperature environments of the battery are simulated.
[0010] Furthermore, the experimental assembly also includes a weighing device installed below the experimental battery, the weighing device being connected to the control center signal. The weighing device records the weight change of the experimental battery during the experiment, providing a basis for the quality of the gas generated by the experimental battery during the experiment.
[0011] Furthermore, the experimental assembly also includes an air intake assembly and an exhaust assembly installed on the experimental box, and the air intake assembly includes an air intake pipe connected to the experimental box, a gas storage bottle installed on the air intake pipe, a flow meter and a pressure reducing valve.
[0012] By supplying gas to the experimental box through a gas storage bottle, the complex gases in the experimental box can be replaced, providing a stable gas environment required for the experiment, and at the same time, the air pressure in the experimental box can be changed.
[0013] Furthermore, the exhaust assembly includes an exhaust pipe connected to the experimental box and a high-pressure suction blower installed on the exhaust pipe, which facilitates the discharge of gas in the experimental box, and the high-pressure suction blower can better change the air pressure in the experimental box.
[0014] Furthermore, the monitoring component also includes a gas chromatograph installed at the air outlet of the high-pressure suction blower to facilitate analysis of the gas generated in the experiment.
[0015] Furthermore, the monitoring assembly also includes an infrared imaging device, an air pressure detection device, and a temperature detection device installed within the experimental chamber. The detection end of the infrared imaging device is mounted on a movable bracket. The infrared imaging device is used to capture infrared two-dimensional images and flame development trend diagrams before, during, and after thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery. The movable bracket can adjust the position of the infrared imaging device lens. The air pressure detection device is used to detect changes in air pressure within the experimental chamber, and the temperature detection device is used to detect changes in temperature within the experimental chamber.
[0016] Furthermore, the monitoring component also includes a data display screen, and the data display screen is connected to the control center signal.
[0017] The data detected during the entire experiment is displayed in real time on the data display screen, making it easy for experimenters to observe.
[0018] Furthermore, a visual window is provided on the experimental box, so that the experimenter can directly observe the changes in the appearance of the experimental battery.
[0019] One or more technical solutions provided by this utility model have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
[0020] (1) The utility model transmits the pressure change on the surface of the experimental battery to the airbag plate by installing an airbag plate on the surface of the experimental battery. Then, the pressure detector detects the stress of the airbag plate, and reflects the expansion change of the experimental battery during the experiment in real time, making the experimental results clearer and more intuitive.
[0021] (2) Through mechanical collision devices, heating devices and other devices to simulate various external environmental changes of experimental batteries, providing variables for thermal runaway experiments of lithium-ion batteries;
[0022] (3) Real-time monitoring of multiple data in the experiment is carried out through equipment such as weighing devices, gas chromatographs, infrared imaging devices, air pressure detection devices, and temperature detection devices to enhance the accuracy of experimental results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the experimental device in the present utility model;
[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of part A in the middle;
[0026] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the experimental device in this utility model;
[0027] Among them, 1-control center, 101-control module, 102-real-time monitoring system, 2-experimental box, 3-experimental battery, 4-overcharging device, 5-airbag plate, 6-pressure detector, 7-mechanical collision device, 8-heating device, 9-weighing device, 10-intake pipe, 11-gas cylinder, 12-flow meter, 13-pressure reducing valve, 14-exhaust pipe, 15-high-pressure suction fan, 16-gas chromatograph, 17-infrared imaging device, 18-air pressure detection device, 19-temperature detection device, 20-data display screen, 21-visual window. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features therein can be combined with each other without conflict.
[0029] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
[0030] Example 1
[0031] This embodiment provides a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fault simulation experimental device, such as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, it includes an experimental component, a monitoring component and a control center 1. The experimental component includes an experimental box 2, an experimental battery 3 installed in the experimental box 2, an overcharging device 4 electrically connected to the experimental battery 3 and an airbag plate 5 installed on the surface of the experimental battery 3. The monitoring component includes a pressure detector 6 and a temperature detector installed on the airbag plate 5. The pressure detector 6 and the temperature detector are both connected to the control center 1 by signal.
[0032] Among them, the experimental box 2 is a sealable box, and the box material needs to be resistant to high temperature, high pressure and explosion-proof. The experimental battery 3 is a lithium-ion battery. The overcharging device 4 is a battery charging device that is not equipped with overcharging protection, and can reach an overcharging state under the control of the control center. The size of the airbag plate 5 is equal to the size of the side wall of the experimental battery 3, and the airbag plate 5 is preferably provided with 2 or 4 pieces, which are symmetrically installed on the side wall of the experimental battery 3 in pairs and connected by a clamp steel pipe. The pressure detector 6 adopts a pressure sensor and is installed on the surface of the airbag plate 5. The specific installation method of the pressure detector 6 and the signal connection method with the control center 1 are both realized by existing technology, and this embodiment does not make specific restrictions. The temperature detector is also connected to the control center 1 signal.
[0033] In a more preferred embodiment, the expansion degree monitoring includes monitoring the pressure change of the experimental battery 3 by a pressure detector 6, monitoring the temperature change of the experimental battery 3 by a temperature detector, and the deformation of the airbag plate. It can detect the expansion size of the lithium-ion battery caused by thermal runaway during the occurrence of thermal runaway, and monitor the three-dimensional morphology changes and expansion degree in real time. The real-time temperature sensor and the pressure sensor can realize real-time monitoring of the temperature and pressure changes of the lithium-ion battery during thermal runaway, and trace back the entire process of thermal runaway.
[0034] In a more preferred embodiment, the experimental assembly further includes a mechanical collision device 7 mounted within the experimental box 2. The mechanical collision device 7 includes a telescopic column, and the experimental battery 3 is located along the telescopic path of the telescopic column. The telescopic column is preferably mounted above the experimental battery 3, is made of copper, and is driven by a motor controlled by the control center 1.
[0035] In a more preferred embodiment, the experimental assembly further includes a heating device 8 for heating the experimental battery 3 , and the heating device 8 is installed below the experimental battery 3 .
[0036] The heating temperature range of the heating device 8 is -40-200° C., and the heating device 8 is preferably a polyimide PI electric heating film with excellent insulation, thermal conductivity and resistance stability.
[0037] In a more preferred embodiment, the experimental assembly further includes a weighing device 9 installed below the experimental battery 3 , and the weighing device 9 is connected to the control center 1 by signal.
[0038] The weighing device 9 adopts a high-precision weighing instrument, preferably with an accuracy of ±0.001g, and preferably adopts an explosion-proof and high-temperature resistant intrinsically safe EVTSENSOR load sensor, a load-bearing chassis, etc.
[0039] In a more preferred embodiment, the experimental assembly further includes an air intake assembly and an exhaust assembly mounted on the experimental box 2. The air intake assembly includes an air intake pipe 10 communicating with the experimental box 2, a gas cylinder 11 mounted on the air intake pipe 10, a flow meter 12, and a pressure reducing valve 13. The gas cylinder 11 is replaceable and multiple gas cylinders can be installed, and can be oxygen, nitrogen, air, etc.
[0040] In a more preferred embodiment, the exhaust assembly includes an exhaust pipe 14 connected to the experimental box 2 and a high-pressure suction blower 15 installed on the exhaust pipe 14. The high-pressure suction blower 15 is preferably a low-noise, vibration-proof YX-81D-1 high-pressure vacuum blower specially designed for vacuum adsorption, with an air volume of 530m3 / h.
[0041] In a more preferred embodiment, the monitoring component further comprises a gas chromatograph 16 installed at the air outlet of the high-pressure suction blower 15. The gas chromatograph 16 is connected to the control center 1 by signal, and the specific installation and connection method are not limited.
[0042] In a more preferred embodiment, the monitoring component further includes an infrared imaging device 17, an air pressure detection device 18 and a temperature detection device 19 installed in the experimental box 2, and the detection end of the infrared imaging device 17 is installed on a movable bracket.
[0043] Among them, the infrared imaging device 17 adopts the ExtDA21 type high-temperature and explosion-proof high-definition camera with explosion-proof and high-temperature resistant properties; the detection ends of the air pressure detection device 18 and the temperature detection device 19 are installed at any position in the experimental box 2.
[0044] In a more preferred embodiment, the monitoring component further includes a data display screen 20 , and the data display screen 20 is connected to the control center 1 by signal.
[0045] The data display screen 20 can display the information received by the control center 1 in real time, including the infrared two-dimensional imaging image of the lithium-ion battery before, during and after thermal runaway collected by the infrared imaging device 17, and the flame development trend diagram; the gas change curve analyzed in real time by the gas chromatograph 16, the gas curve diagram of the lithium-ion battery before, during and after thermal runaway, and the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data diagram; the pressure environment change curve diagram of the lithium-ion battery before, during and after thermal runaway in the experimental box 2; the mass change curve of the lithium-ion battery before, during and after thermal runaway; the three-dimensional expansion change diagram and curve change diagram of the lithium-ion battery before, during and after thermal runaway.
[0046] In a more preferred embodiment, the experimental box 2 is provided with a visual window 21. The visual window 21 is made of a transparent and visible sapphire material that is resistant to high temperature, high pressure, explosion-proof, and visible.
[0047] The control center 1 can be implemented by a computer, a tablet computer, etc., and includes a control module 101 and a real-time monitoring system 102. The control module 101 is a device that controls the overcharging device 4, the heating device 8, the mechanical collision device 7, the high-pressure suction fan 15, etc., and is used to create an experimental environment; the real-time monitoring system 102 can monitor data such as the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer 16, the infrared imaging device 17, the air pressure detection device 18, the temperature detection device 19, the weighing device 9, and the expansion degree monitoring, and is used to monitor the experimental environment data.
[0048] Example 2
[0049] Based on Example 1, the use of this experimental device is as follows:
[0050] S1. Open the experimental box 2, clamp the experimental battery 3 between the airbag panels 5, connect the experimental battery 3 to the overcharging device 4, adjust the weighing device 9 to zero, and close the experimental box 2;
[0051] S2. Control the high-pressure suction blower 15 through the control center 1 to evacuate the experimental box 2 until the internal pressure is less than 10 Pa. Then, turn off the high-pressure suction blower 15, open the pressure reducing valve 13 of the gas cylinder 11, and introduce air, nitrogen, or oxygen into the experimental box 2 until the pressure stabilizes and displays 0 Pa. Then, close the gas cylinder 11 and the pressure reducing valve 13.
[0052] S3. Charge the experimental battery 3 through the overcharge device 4, monitor and record the entire process of thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery and the data generated, collect gas before, during and after the thermal runaway occurs, connect it to the gas chromatograph 16 for gas phase analysis, and save the temperature-time and pressure-time data;
[0053] S4. After the experiment is finished, open the valve of the exhaust pipe 14 to exhaust until the combustible and toxic gases are completely eliminated, and then turn on the high-pressure vacuum blower 15 for secondary purge;
[0054] S5. Select lithium-ion batteries from the same batch and repeat the experimental process S1-S4.
[0055] The data obtained are used to collect fire trace parameters for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway failure simulation and lay a theoretical foundation for revealing the identification of the causes of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway.
[0056] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.
[0057] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fault simulation experimental device, comprising an experimental component, a monitoring component and a control center (1), characterized in that: The experimental assembly comprises an experimental box (2), an experimental battery (3) installed in the experimental box (2), an overcharging device (4) electrically connected to the experimental battery (3), and an airbag plate (5) installed on the surface of the experimental battery (3); the monitoring assembly comprises a pressure detector (6) and a temperature detector installed on the airbag plate (5); and the pressure detector (6) and the temperature detector are both connected to the control center (1) for signal transmission.
2. A lithium-ion battery thermal runaway failure simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental assembly further comprises a mechanical collision device (7) installed in the experimental box (2), the mechanical collision device (7) comprises a telescopic column, and the experimental battery (3) is located on the telescopic path of the telescopic column.
3. A lithium-ion battery thermal runaway failure simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental assembly further comprises a heating device (8) for heating the experimental battery (3), and the heating device (8) is installed below the experimental battery (3).
4. The lithium-ion battery thermal runaway failure simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental assembly further comprises a weighing device (9) installed below the experimental battery (3), and the weighing device (9) is connected to the control center (1) by signal.
5. The lithium-ion battery thermal runaway failure simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental assembly further comprises an air intake assembly and an exhaust assembly mounted on the experimental box (2), wherein the air intake assembly comprises an air intake pipe (10) connected to the experimental box (2), a gas storage bottle (11) mounted on the air intake pipe (10), a flow meter (12) and a pressure reducing valve (13).
6. A lithium-ion battery thermal runaway failure simulation experimental device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The exhaust assembly comprises an exhaust pipe (14) in communication with the experimental box (2) and a high-pressure suction fan (15) installed on the exhaust pipe (14).
7. A lithium-ion battery thermal runaway failure simulation experimental device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The monitoring component further comprises a gas chromatograph (16) installed at the air outlet of the high-pressure suction blower (15).
8. The lithium-ion battery thermal runaway failure simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring assembly further comprises an infrared imaging device (17), an air pressure detection device (18) and a temperature detection device (19) installed in the experimental box (2); the detection end of the infrared imaging device (17) is installed on a movable bracket.
9. The lithium-ion battery thermal runaway failure simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring component further comprises a data display screen (20), and the data display screen (20) is connected to the control center (1) by signal.
10. The lithium-ion battery thermal runaway failure simulation experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental box (2) is provided with a visual window (21).