Tunnel U-shaped groove

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tunnel U-shaped groove structure which comprises side walls 1-3, 1-4 and a bottom plate 1-5, an inner side anti-collision pier 2-1 and an outer side anti-collision pier 2-2 divide a U-shaped groove into a left line traffic lane 1-1, a right line traffic lane 1-2 and two middle parts 2-3 of the inner side anti-collision pier, and the tunnel U-shaped groove structure comprises a greening system located at the middle part 2-3 formed between the two inner side anti-collision piers; the drainage system is located at the bottom of the U-shaped groove and used for draining seepage water in the greening system. According to the tunnel structure, greening upgrading and landscaping of the inner space of the tunnel are achieved, the greening level of the urban underground environment is improved, and the technical problems of a traditional tunnel structure in the aspects of green vegetation coverage, drainage, collision prevention and the like are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of municipal engineering, and in particular relates to a tunnel U-shaped groove structure. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of urbanization in my country and the rapid development of underground transportation facilities, tunnels, as important transportation hubs, have become a vital component of modern urban infrastructure. Cut-and-open tunneling has gained widespread application due to its high construction efficiency and relatively low cost. However, while facilitating transportation, traditional tunnel construction often neglects the protection of the surrounding ecological environment. This is particularly true in cities, where traditional U-shaped tunnel structures often utilize a fully enclosed design, with the central section often enclosed by concrete and lacking green vegetation. This not only affects the aesthetics of the city but also reduces the tunnel's ecological service capabilities, contradicting the nationally advocated concept of green, low-carbon, and environmentally friendly sustainable development.

[0003] While some improvements have proposed greening the exterior of tunnels, these measures still face numerous challenges in practical application, such as limited greening area, high maintenance costs, and limited ecological benefits. Furthermore, traditional tunnel structures also have shortcomings in drainage and collision avoidance, often resulting in poor drainage, water accumulation, and damaged side walls. Therefore, how to effectively utilize greening within the tunnel's interior while maintaining its basic functionality and enhancing its ecological benefits has become a pressing issue. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the limitations of traditional tunnel structures in terms of green vegetation coverage and ecological services, this utility model proposes a structural layout that allows for greening in the middle of a U-shaped trough. This unique design cleverly utilizes the non-functional area within the U-shaped trough, transforming it into a multifunctional space suitable for greening. This structure not only maintains the basic functionality of the original tunnel structure but also achieves greening upgrades and landscaping improvements within the tunnel, while optimizing construction costs and reducing investment.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a tunnel U-shaped groove is provided, including side walls 1-3, 1-4 and a bottom plate 1-5, an inner crash pier 2-1 and an outer crash pier 2-2 dividing the U-shaped groove into a left-line driving lane 1-1, a right-line driving lane 1-2 and a middle part 2-3 between the two inner crash piers, including: a greening system located in the middle part 2-3 formed between the two inner crash piers; a drainage system located at the bottom of the U-shaped groove, used to discharge infiltrated water in the greening system.

[0006] Preferably, the greening system includes: a cultivated soil layer 4-1, green plants 4-2 and an irrigation system 4-3. The irrigation system 4-3 is composed of a drip irrigation pipe, a sprinkler device and a water supply system. The drip irrigation pipe and the sprinkler device are evenly distributed on the surface of the cultivated soil layer 4-1. The water supply system automatically adjusts the irrigation amount according to the soil moisture.

[0007] Preferably, the irrigation water volume W of the greening system is determined according to the following formula: W = (ETo×Kc×A)÷(η×T), where ETo is the reference evapotranspiration, Kc is the crop coefficient determined by the plant variety, A is the irrigation area, η is the irrigation efficiency, and T is the irrigation cycle.

[0008] Preferably, the drainage system includes: a gravel filtration system 3-1, including a filtration geotextile 3-1-1 and a gravel filtration layer 3-1-2, for preventing soil from being lost with infiltration water; a drainage pipe, including a longitudinal drainage pipe 3-2, a transverse drainage pipe 3-3 and a drainage ditch 3-4.

[0009] Preferably, the filter geotextile 3-1-1 is located below the bottom plate of the U-shaped trough, and the pore size of the filter geotextile 3-1-1 is 0.1-0.3 mm.

[0010] Preferably, the gravel filter layer 3-1-2 is located at the bottom where the greening system and the inner crash pier 2-1 meet, and the gravel particle size of the gravel filter layer 3-1-2 is 5-10 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the longitudinal drainage pipe 3-2 is a soft permeable pipe with a diameter of 10 cm, and the outside is wrapped with non-woven fabric; the transverse drainage pipe 3-3 is connected to the longitudinal drainage pipe 3-2 through a tee, and is a HDPE pipe with a diameter of 10 cm; the drainage ditch 3-4 is connected to the transverse drainage pipe 3-3, and is used to drain the infiltrated water to the tunnel drainage system;

[0012] Preferably, the inner layers of the longitudinal drain pipe 3-2 and the transverse drain pipe 3-3 are coated with a waterproof and anti-corrosion coating, which is composed of water-resistant materials and corrosion-resistant materials, and is used to improve the service life of the transverse drain pipe and the reliability of the drainage system.

[0013] Preferably, a fixing device is provided on the outside of the drainage pipes 3-2 and 3-3 of the drainage system, and the fixing device includes a plurality of fixing brackets 3-2-2 and 3-3-2 and fasteners 3-2-1 and 3-3-1. The fixing brackets 3-2-2 and 3-3-2 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the drainage pipes. The fasteners 3-2-1 and 3-3-1 are used to fix the drainage pipes 3-2 and 3-3 on the fixing brackets 3-2-2 and 3-3-2 to prevent the drainage pipes 3-2 and 3-3 from being displaced or loosened due to vibration or external force during use.

[0014] Preferably, a filtering device is provided at the outlet of the drainage pipes 3-2 and 3-3 of the drainage system, and the filtering device includes filter screens 3-2-3 and 3-3-3 and filter materials. The filter screens 3-2-3 and 3-3-3 are used to block larger particles of soil and impurities, and the filter materials are used to further filter fine particles to prevent soil and impurities from flowing into the drainage system and causing blockage.

[0015] The utility model discloses a U-shaped tunnel structure, comprising side walls 1-3, 1-4, and a bottom plate 1-5. An inner crash pier 2-1 and an outer crash pier 2-2 divide the U-shaped tunnel into a left lane 1-1, a right lane 1-2, and a center portion 2-3 between the two inner crash piers. The structure includes a greening system located in the center portion 2-3 formed between the two inner crash piers, and a drainage system located at the bottom of the U-shaped tunnel for draining water that seeps from the greening system. The utility model achieves greening upgrades and landscaping improvements within the tunnel, enhancing the greening level of the urban underground environment. It also effectively resolves technical issues with traditional tunnel structures in terms of green vegetation coverage, drainage, and collision avoidance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 It is an overall structural diagram according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 A diagram of a drainage system according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a crushed stone filter layer according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a drainage pipe according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a diagram of a greening system according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0022] In the figure: 1-1, left line of U-shaped trough section; 1-2, right line of U-shaped trough section; 1-3, side wall of left line; 1-4, side wall of right line; 1-5, bottom plate; 2-1, inner crash barrier; 2-2, outer crash barrier; 2-3, middle part formed between two inner crash barriers; 3-1, gravel filtration system; 3-1-1, filtration geotextile; 3-1-2, gravel filtration layer; 3-2, longitudinal drainage pipe; 3-2-1, longitudinal drainage pipe fastener; 3-2-2, longitudinal drainage pipe fixing bracket; 3-2-3 longitudinal drainage pipe filter; 3-3, transverse drainage pipe; 3-3-1, transverse drainage pipe fastener; 3-3-2, transverse drainage pipe fixing bracket; 3-3-3, transverse drainage pipe filter; 3-4, drainage ditch; 4-1, cultivated soil layer; 4-2, green plants; 4-3, irrigation system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0024] Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings and described below. For ease of interpretation and precise definition in the appended claims, the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer" are used to describe features of the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings with reference to their positions.

[0025] An embodiment of the present utility model provides a U-shaped tunnel groove, including side walls 1-3, 1-4 and a bottom plate 1-5, an inner crash pier 2-1 and an outer crash pier 2-2 dividing the U-shaped groove into a left lane 1-1, a right lane 1-2 and a middle part 2-3 between the two inner crash piers, including: a greening system, located in the middle part 2-3 formed between the two inner crash piers; a drainage system, located at the bottom of the U-shaped groove, for discharging infiltrated water in the greening system.

[0026] In the related art, the U-shaped trough structure of the tunnel usually adopts a fully enclosed design, with the middle part enclosed by concrete and lacking green vegetation coverage, resulting in insufficient aesthetics and ecological functions. In addition, the traditional U-shaped trough structure also has deficiencies in drainage design, and often has problems such as poor drainage and water accumulation, which makes the side walls and bottom plate easily damaged. The greening system in the embodiment of the present utility model realizes the greening of the internal space of the tunnel by planting 2-3 green plants in the middle part between the two inner crash barriers. This design not only beautifies the internal environment of the tunnel, but also improves the air quality and enhances the ecological benefits of the tunnel. The drainage system in the embodiment of the present utility model can effectively solve the common problems of poor drainage and water accumulation in traditional tunnel structures, and extend the service life of the tunnel.

[0027] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a tunnel U-shaped trough greening system is provided, comprising a cultivated soil layer 4-1, green plants 4-2, and an irrigation system 4-3. The irrigation system 4-3 is composed of a drip irrigation pipe, a sprinkler device, and a water supply system. The drip irrigation pipe and the sprinkler device are evenly distributed on the surface of the cultivated soil layer 4-1. The water supply system automatically adjusts the irrigation amount according to the soil moisture, achieving precise irrigation, reducing water waste, and promoting healthy plant growth. The irrigation water volume W of the greening system is determined by the formula W = (ETo × Kc × A) ÷ (η × T), where ETo is the reference evapotranspiration, Kc is the crop coefficient, A is the irrigation area, η is the irrigation efficiency, and T is the irrigation cycle.

[0028] In related technologies, irrigation systems cannot accurately adjust according to actual soil moisture, which can easily lead to water waste and poor plant growth. In the embodiments of the present invention, by setting up an automatic irrigation system, the irrigation water volume can be adjusted according to the actual needs of the greening system, thereby ensuring the efficient operation of the greening system and the continued healthy growth of plants.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an improved tunnel U-shaped trough drainage system is provided, comprising a gravel filtration system 3-1 and a drainage pipeline. The gravel filtration system 3-1 comprises a filtration geotextile 3-1-1 and a gravel filtration layer 3-1-2. The filtration geotextile 3-1-1 is located below the bottom plate of the U-shaped trough and has a pore size of 0.1-0.3mm, effectively preventing soil loss with infiltrated water. The gravel filtration layer 3-1-2 is located at the bottom of the junction between the greening system and the inner crash barrier 2-1. The gravel particle size is 5-10mm, further enhancing the filtration effect. The drainage pipeline comprises a longitudinal drainage pipe 3-2, a transverse drainage pipe 3-3, and a drainage ditch 3-4. The longitudinal drainage pipe 3-2 is a soft, permeable pipe with a diameter of 10 cm, wrapped with non-woven fabric on the outside. The transverse drainage pipe 3-3 is connected to the longitudinal drainage pipe 3-2 through a tee and is a 10 cm diameter HDPE pipe. The drainage ditch 3-4 is connected to the transverse drainage pipe 3-3 and is used to drain the infiltrated water to the tunnel drainage system.

[0030] Conventional tunnel U-shaped trough drainage systems have drawbacks. Common problems include poor drainage, damage to sidewalls and floors caused by water accumulation, and soil loss from seeping water. The lack of an effective filtration system leads to soil loss with water, impacting the stability and service life of the tunnel structure. The present utility model achieves efficient drainage, prevents water accumulation, and effectively prevents soil loss through a filtration system, thereby improving the stability and service life of the tunnel structure.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an improved tunnel drainage system is provided. The inner layers of the longitudinal drain pipes 3-2 and transverse drain pipes 3-3 are coated with a waterproof and corrosion-resistant coating composed of water-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, which increases the service life of the drainage pipes and the reliability of the system. The drainage system's drainage pipes are externally secured with fixing devices, including multiple fixing brackets 3-2-2, 3-3-2, and fasteners 3-2-1, 3-3-1.

[0032] In related technologies, drainage pipes in tunnel drainage systems often lack waterproof and corrosion protection, resulting in a short service life. Furthermore, due to poorly designed fixtures, the pipes are prone to displacement or loosening due to vibration or external forces during use, impacting drainage effectiveness and system reliability. In the embodiments of the present utility model, fixing brackets are arranged at intervals along the length of the drainage pipes, and fasteners are used to secure the drainage pipes to the fixing brackets, preventing displacement or loosening due to vibration or external forces during use, thereby ensuring the stability and continued effective operation of the drainage system.

[0033] According to the embodiment of the present invention, a filter device is provided at the outlet of drainage pipes 3-2 and 3-3. The filter device includes filter screens 3-2-3 and 3-3-3 and filter material. The filter screens are used to block larger particles of soil and impurities, while the filter material is used to further filter fine particles, preventing soil and impurities from flowing into the drainage system and causing blockage.

[0034] In the prior art, drainage systems lack effective filtering devices at the outlet of the drainage pipes, which allows soil and impurities to easily enter the drainage system with the water flow, causing blockage. In the embodiments of the present invention, by providing a filtering device, the drainage system is kept unobstructed, the risk of blockage is reduced, and the reliability and service life of the system are improved.

[0035] The method of the utility model is further described in detail below with reference to specific implementation methods and drawings.

[0036] A U-shaped tunnel structure consists of four parts: a U-shaped trough structure, anti-collision facilities, a drainage system, and a greening system, which include:

[0037] a U-shaped trough structure: The U-shaped trough section consists of two parts: the left lane 1-1 and the right lane 1-2, which are used by vehicles traveling in two different directions. The U-shaped trough structure includes the left lane side wall 1-3, the right lane side wall 1-4 and the bottom plate 1-5. The U-shaped trough structure is made of reinforced concrete.

[0038] b. Crash barriers: Crash barriers are installed on both the left and right sides of the U-shaped channel, including an inner crash barrier 2-1 and an outer crash barrier 2-2. The two inner crash barriers form a middle section 2-3. The crash barriers are made of reinforced concrete.

[0039] c. Drainage system: This system consists of a crushed stone filter layer 3-1, longitudinal drainage pipes 3-2, transverse drainage pipes 3-3, and drainage ditches 3-4. The crushed stone filter system 3-1 consists of a filter geotextile 3-1-1 and a crushed stone filter layer 3-1-2. The drainage system is connected to the tunnel drainage system to ensure the timely removal of excess water. The longitudinal drainage pipes are 10cm soft, permeable pipes wrapped in non-woven fabric. The transverse drainage pipes are 10cm HDPE pipes and are connected to the tunnel drainage ditches. The transverse and longitudinal drainage pipes are connected via a tee.

[0040] d. Greening system: Make full use of the middle area between the inner crash barriers to arrange a cultivated soil layer 4-1, green plants 4-2, and an irrigation system 4-3. The cultivated soil layer should be a layer conducive to vegetation growth; the irrigation system can be set up according to actual conditions.

[0041] The structural arrangement of the middle part of the U-shaped trough of this utility model, which can be used for greening, is suitable for the U-shaped trough section of urban open-cut underground roads. Its uniqueness lies in the clever use of the non-functional area in the middle of the U-shaped trough, which is converted into a multifunctional space for greening. This structure not only maintains the basic functions of the original tunnel structure, but also realizes the greening upgrade and landscaping of the interior space of the tunnel on the basis of optimizing the project cost and saving investment. Through the harmonious coexistence of tunnel construction and ecological environment protection, the concept of green, low-carbon and environmental protection is fully implemented. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient construction, good greening effect, etc., and has important practical value and broad application prospects.

[0042] The above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the manner in which the present invention may be implemented. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other variations or modifications may be made based on the following description. These variations, modifications, substitutions, and variations arising from the principles and spirit of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel U-shaped channel, comprising side walls (1-3, 1-4) and a bottom plate (1-5), wherein an inner crash pier (2-1) and an outer crash pier (2-2) divide the U-shaped channel into a left lane (1-1), a right lane (1-2) and a middle portion (2-3) between the two inner crash piers, characterized in that: include: A greening system is located in the middle portion (2-3) formed between the two inner crash barriers; The drainage system is located at the bottom of the U-shaped trough and is used to discharge the infiltrated water in the greening system.

2. The U-shaped groove according to claim 1, characterized in that The greening system includes: A cultivated soil layer (4-1), green plants (4-2) and an irrigation system (4-3), wherein the irrigation system (4-3) is composed of a drip irrigation pipe, a sprinkler device and a water supply system, wherein the drip irrigation pipe and the sprinkler device are evenly distributed on the surface of the cultivated soil layer (4-1), and the water supply system automatically adjusts the irrigation amount according to the soil moisture.

3. According to the U-shaped trough of claim 2, the irrigation water volume W of the greening system is determined according to the following formula: W = (ETo×Kc×A)÷(η×T), where ETo is the reference evapotranspiration, Kc is the crop coefficient determined by the plant variety, A is the irrigation area, η is the irrigation efficiency, and T is the irrigation cycle.

4. The U-shaped groove according to claim 1, characterized in that The drainage system includes: The crushed stone filtration system (3-1) includes a filtration geotextile (3-1-1) and a crushed stone filtration layer (3-1-2), which is used to prevent soil from being lost with the infiltrated water; The drainage pipe comprises a longitudinal drainage pipe (3-2), a transverse drainage pipe (3-3) and a drainage ditch (3-4).

5. The U-shaped groove according to claim 4, characterized in that: The anti-filtration geotextile (3-1-1) is located below the bottom plate of the U-shaped trough, and the pore size of the anti-filtration geotextile (3-1-1) is 0.1-0.3 mm.

6. The U-shaped groove according to claim 4, characterized in that The crushed stone filter layer (3-1-2) is located at the bottom where the greening system and the inner crash pier (2-1) meet, and the crushed stone particle size of the crushed stone filter layer (3-1-2) is 5-10 mm.

7. The U-shaped groove according to claim 4, characterized in that: The longitudinal drainage pipe (3-2) is a soft water-permeable pipe with a diameter of 10 cm, and the outside is wrapped with non-woven fabric; The transverse drainage pipe (3-3) is connected to the longitudinal drainage pipe (3-2) via a tee, and the transverse drainage pipe (3-3) is a HDPE pipe with a diameter of 10 cm; The drainage ditch (3-4) is connected to the transverse drainage pipe (3-3) and is used to drain the infiltrated water to the tunnel drainage system.

8. The U-shaped groove according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner layers of the longitudinal drainage pipe (3-2) and the transverse drainage pipe (3-3) are coated with a waterproof and anti-corrosion coating, which is composed of a water-resistant material and a corrosion-resistant material, and is used to increase the service life of the transverse drainage pipe and the reliability of the drainage system.

9. The U-shaped groove according to claim 7, characterized in that: A fixing device is provided on the outside of the drainage pipe (3-2, 3-3) of the drainage system, and the fixing device includes a plurality of fixing brackets (3-2-2, 3-3-2) and fasteners (3-2-1, 3-3-1). The fixing brackets (3-2-2, 3-3-2) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the drainage pipe, and the fasteners (3-2-1, 3-3-1) are used to fix the drainage pipe (3-2, 3-3) on the fixing brackets (3-2-2, 3-3-2) to prevent the drainage pipe (3-2, 3-3) from being displaced or loosened due to vibration or external force during use.

10. The U-shaped groove according to claim 9, characterized in that: A filtering device is provided at the outlet of the drainage pipe (3-2, 3-3) of the drainage system, and the filtering device comprises a filter screen (3-2-3, 3-3-3) and a filtering material. The filter screen (3-2-3, 3-3-3) is used to block larger particles of soil and impurities, and the filtering material is used to further filter fine particles to prevent soil and impurities from flowing into the drainage system and causing blockage.

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