Plastic garbage high-temperature gasification incineration system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a plastic garbage high-temperature gasification incineration system which comprises a crushed garbage conveying belt, a storage bin, a fluidized fuel conveying system and an incinerator. A lower discharge port of the storage bin communicates with a peripheral fluidized fuel injection port of the incinerator through a fluidized fuel conveying system, fluidized fuel enters the middle-section combustion area from the peripheral fluidized fuel injection port to be combusted, and the fluidized fuel is subjected to fiber fracture, molecular chain fracture and pyrolysis gasification in the middle-section combustion area to generate combustible gas. Combustible gas is combusted in the upper-section combustion area to release hot smoke, and particles which are not completely combusted fall into the lower-section combustion area under the action of gravity to be subjected to secondary combustion. The combustion efficiency is high, the combustion time is short, the combustion temperature of the incinerator is higher than 1000 DEG C, sectional type combustion is adopted, and generation of high-toxicity pollutants such as dioxin and other malodorous gases can be effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of garbage disposal, in particular to a high-temperature gasification and incineration system for plastic garbage. Background Art

[0002] For kitchen waste, methods such as composting, anaerobic fermentation, incineration, and dehydration for feed are often used. Metals, glass, ceramics, etc. can be separated from the garbage through methods such as magnetic separation and gravity screening. Toxic and hazardous waste is generally handled by specially qualified units. Agricultural and forestry waste, construction waste, and waste plastics and rubber are currently mostly treated by incineration or landfill. Common types of furnaces for incineration include grate furnaces, fluidized bed incinerators, rotary incinerators, pyrolysis dry distillation gasification furnaces, mechanical grate incinerators, and pulse-throwing grate incinerators. These incinerators have certain technical limitations in the process of treating waste, especially waste such as waste plastics and rubber. For example, while the grate furnace in a waste incinerator can accommodate a wide range of raw materials and requires no pre-treatment before incineration, the low temperatures encountered during combustion (≤850°C) prevent the full decomposition of high-molecular-weight materials like plastics and rubber. This produces large amounts of harmful gases and pollutants, such as dioxins. These emissions pose a significant environmental burden. Dioxins, in particular, are highly toxic substances that, if not thoroughly addressed, will cause significant damage to the environment and harm the human body.

[0003] Therefore, to address these issues, we have developed a high-temperature gasification and incineration system for plastic waste, specifically designed to treat sorted waste plastics and rubber, agricultural and forestry waste, and construction waste. This system aims to reduce and inhibit the production of dioxins through high-temperature incineration. The high-temperature gasification incinerator utilizes advanced high-temperature gasification and pyrolysis combustion technology, capable of pyrolysis and gasification of high-molecular materials such as waste plastics and rubber at temperatures exceeding 1000°C, effectively reducing the generation of harmful substances while increasing energy recovery. This technology not only reduces waste volume and renders it harmless, but also significantly reduces environmental pollution, providing a new solution for solid waste management in my country. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a high-temperature gasification and incineration system for plastic waste.

[0005] The technical solution of the utility model is as follows:

[0006] A high-temperature gasification incineration system for plastic waste, comprising a waste scrap conveyor belt, a storage bin, a fluidized fuel conveying system and an incinerator, wherein the storage bin is provided with an upper feed port and a lower discharge port, and the incinerator is provided with a peripheral fluidized fuel injection port, an upper exhaust port for hot flue gas and a lower outlet for incomplete combustion, the waste scrap conveyor belt is arranged on one side of the upper feed port of the storage bin, and the lower discharge port of the storage bin is connected to the peripheral fluidized fuel injection port of the incinerator through the fluidized fuel conveying system, and the inner cavity of the incinerator is divided into three sections: an upper section, a middle section and a lower section. The same combustion area, the peripheral side fluidized fuel injection port corresponds to the middle combustion area, the fluidized fuel enters the middle combustion area from the peripheral side fluidized fuel injection port for combustion, the fluidized fuel undergoes fiber breakage, molecular chain breakage and cracking gasification in the middle combustion area to produce combustible gas, the combustible gas burns in the upper combustion area to release hot flue gas, the hot flue gas is discharged from the hot flue gas upper exhaust port, the incompletely burned particles fall into the lower combustion area under the action of gravity for secondary combustion, and the particles that are still incompletely burned after the secondary combustion fall out from the incompletely burned lower outlet.

[0007] Furthermore, the feed end of the garbage scrap conveyor belt is connected to a shredder, and the garbage is shredded by the shredder to produce garbage scraps with a particle size of less than 10 mm.

[0008] Furthermore, the shredder is a three-stage shredder or a four-stage shredder.

[0009] Furthermore, the lower part of the storage bin is conical.

[0010] Furthermore, the fluidized fuel conveying system includes a star-shaped discharger, a pneumatic conveying fan and a conveying pipeline. The star-shaped discharger is arranged on the outlet of the pneumatic conveying fan and is located below the lower discharge port of the storage bin. The outlet of the pneumatic conveying fan is connected to the fluidized fuel injection port on the peripheral side of the incinerator through the conveying pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, the fluidized fuel injection port on the peripheral side of the incinerator is provided with a nozzle.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper and lower parts of the incinerator are both conical.

[0013] Furthermore, a circle of annular air vents is provided around the lower combustion area of ​​the incinerator.

[0014] Furthermore, a crusher is provided below the incompletely burned lower outlet of the incinerator.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention can process waste plastic and rubber, agricultural and forestry waste, construction waste and other garbage separately, and can also process these garbage in a mixed manner. By pre-treating (shredding) waste plastic and rubber, agricultural and forestry waste, construction waste and other garbage, the particle size of the garbage reaches below 10 mm, and it becomes a fluidized fuel with relatively stable calorific value that can be pneumatically transported, thereby improving combustion efficiency and shortening combustion time. The incinerator adopts rotary flame combustion and is divided into upper combustion area, middle combustion area and lower combustion area for staged combustion. Its combustion temperature is greater than 1000°C. The fluidized fuel undergoes fiber breakage, molecular chain breakage and cracking and gasification in the middle combustion area to produce combustible gas. The combustible gas burns in the upper combustion area to release hot flue gas. The incompletely burned particles fall into the lower combustion area under the action of gravity for secondary combustion. The present invention can effectively reduce the generation of highly toxic pollutants such as dioxins and the generation of other malodorous gases. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a high-temperature gasification and incineration system for plastic waste provided by the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] In order to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, specific embodiments are provided below.

[0020] Example

[0021] See also Figure 1This embodiment provides a high-temperature gasification and incineration system for plastic waste, comprising a waste scrap conveyor belt 1, a storage silo 2, a fluidized fuel delivery system 3, and an incinerator 4. The storage silo 2 has an upper feed inlet 21 and a lower discharge outlet 22; the incinerator 4 has a peripheral fluidized fuel injection inlet 41, an upper hot flue gas exhaust outlet 42, and a lower incomplete combustion outlet 43. The garbage scrap conveyor belt 1 is arranged on one side of the upper feed port 21 of the storage bin 2. The feed end of the garbage scrap conveyor belt 1 is connected to a three-stage shredder or a four-stage shredder. The garbage is shredded by the shredder and the garbage scraps with a particle size of less than 10 mm (that is, qualified fluidized fuel) are then fed into the storage bin 2 through the garbage scrap conveyor belt 1. The lower part of the storage bin 2 is conical. The lower discharge port 22 of the storage bin 2 is connected to the fluidized fuel injection port 41 on the peripheral side of the incinerator 4 through the fluidized fuel delivery system 3. The fluidized fuel delivery system 3 includes a star-shaped discharger 31, a pneumatic discharger 32, and a discharge port 22 of the storage bin 2. The conveying fan 32 and the conveying pipe 33, the star-shaped discharger 31 (for locking the wind) are arranged on the outlet of the pneumatic conveying fan 32 and below the lower discharge port 22 of the storage bin 2. The outlet of the pneumatic conveying fan 32 is connected to the peripheral fluidized fuel injection port 41 of the incinerator 4 through the conveying pipe 33, and the fluidized fuel is pneumatically conveyed to the incinerator 4; the inner cavity of the incinerator 4 is divided into three different combustion areas: the upper section, the middle section, and the lower section. The upper and lower sections of the incinerator 4 are both conical, and the peripheral fluidized fuel injection port 41 corresponds to the middle section combustion area 44. Preferably, the peripheral fluidized fuel injection port 41 corresponds to the middle section combustion area 44. There are 4 to 6 fuel injection ports 41 arranged along the tangential direction of the incinerator 4. Each peripheral fluidized fuel injection port 41 is provided with a nozzle 5. These nozzles 5 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. The fluidized fuel is pneumatically conveyed from the nozzle 5 of the peripheral fluidized fuel injection port 41 into the middle combustion area 44 for combustion. The fluidized fuel rotates along the tangential direction. Under the action of high temperature, the fluidized fuel undergoes macroscopic fracture, contraction, dehydration, gasification, etc. during the rotation process. Microscopically, the molecular chain breaks into short chain molecules, and the short chain molecules are cracked into smaller molecules under the action of high temperature. Short-chain molecules are converted into combustible gases such as methane, ethane, propane, and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The combustible gases burn in the upper combustion zone 45 to release hot flue gas, which is discharged from the upper exhaust port 42 of the hot flue gas. The incompletely burned particles fall into the lower combustion zone 46 under the action of gravity for secondary combustion. A circle of annular air outlets 47 is provided on the surrounding side of the lower combustion zone 46 of the incinerator 4 to provide oxygen for the secondary combustion and ensure sufficient combustion. After the secondary combustion, the particles that are still incompletely burned fall out from the incompletely burned lower outlet, and a crusher 6 is provided below the incompletely burned lower outlet.

[0022] The plastic waste high-temperature gasification incineration system can process waste plastic and rubber, agricultural and forestry waste, construction waste and other wastes separately, and can also process these wastes in a mixed manner. First, waste plastics, rubber, agricultural and forestry waste, construction waste and other garbage are pre-treated (shredded) to reduce the particle size to less than 10 mm, and then pneumatically transported to the incinerator 4; the fluidized fuel is sprayed into the incinerator 4 from the middle nozzle 5 while rotating, gasifying, cracking and burning. Since the garbage particles are mostly plastics, rubber, and wood chips (agricultural and forestry waste and the products of agricultural and forestry waste crushing), these substances are rapidly cracked at high temperatures, releasing a large amount of heat and combustible gases. The combustible gases released by cracking combine with oxygen and burn, and some of them will produce carbon black due to incomplete combustion. Due to their light specific gravity, these carbon blacks will undergo secondary combustion during the process of rising with the rotating combustion airflow to produce carbon dioxide; during the rotation of the garbage particles, some larger and heavier particles will gasify, dehydrate, and even crack during the rotation, and some cannot be completely burned during the rotation. These incompletely burned particles are thrown toward the furnace wall under the action of centrifugal force, and move toward the outlet of the downward cone along the tangential direction of the furnace wall, falling into the lower combustion area 46 for secondary combustion.

[0023] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plastic waste high-temperature gasification and incineration system, characterized by: It includes a garbage scrap conveyor belt, a storage bin, a fluidized fuel delivery system and an incinerator. The storage bin is provided with an upper feed port and a lower discharge port. The incinerator is provided with a peripheral fluidized fuel injection port, an upper hot flue gas exhaust port and an incomplete combustion lower outlet. The garbage scrap conveyor belt is arranged on one side of the upper feed port of the storage bin. The lower discharge port of the storage bin is connected to the peripheral fluidized fuel injection port of the incinerator through the fluidized fuel delivery system. The inner cavity of the incinerator is divided into three different combustion areas: the upper section, the middle section and the lower section. The peripheral fluidized fuel injection port corresponds to the middle combustion area. The fluidized fuel enters the middle combustion area from the peripheral fluidized fuel injection port for combustion. The fluidized fuel undergoes fiber breakage, molecular chain breakage and cracking and gasification in the middle combustion area to produce combustible gas. The combustible gas burns in the upper combustion area to release hot flue gas. The hot flue gas is discharged from the upper exhaust port of the hot flue gas. The incompletely burned particles fall into the lower combustion area under the action of gravity for secondary combustion. The particles that are still incompletely burned after the secondary combustion fall out from the incompletely burned lower outlet.

2. The plastic waste high-temperature gasification and incineration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed end of the garbage scrap conveyor belt is connected to a shredder, and the garbage is shredded by the shredder to produce garbage scraps with a particle size of less than 10 mm.

3. The plastic waste high-temperature gasification and incineration system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shredder is a three-stage shredder or a four-stage shredder.

4. The plastic waste high-temperature gasification and incineration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the storage bin is conical.

5. The plastic waste high-temperature gasification and incineration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluidized fuel conveying system includes a star-shaped discharger, a pneumatic conveying fan and a conveying pipeline. The star-shaped discharger is arranged on the outlet of the pneumatic conveying fan and is located below the lower discharge port of the storage bin. The outlet of the pneumatic conveying fan is connected to the fluidized fuel injection port on the peripheral side of the incinerator through the conveying pipeline.

6. The plastic waste high-temperature gasification and incineration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The peripheral side fluidized fuel injection port of the incinerator is provided with a nozzle.

7. The plastic waste high-temperature gasification and incineration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower parts of the incinerator are both conical.

8. The plastic waste high-temperature gasification and incineration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circle of annular air vents is provided around the lower combustion area of ​​the incinerator.

9. The plastic waste high-temperature gasification and incineration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A crusher is provided below the incomplete combustion lower outlet of the incinerator.

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